vcsserver: return idx in object lookup for new API.

vcsserver/git.py

@@ -1,751 +1,752 b''
 # RhodeCode VCSServer provides access to different vcs backends via network.
 # Copyright (C) 2014-2019 RhodeCode GmbH
 #
 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 #
 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 # GNU General Public License for more details.
 #
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 # Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA
 import collections
 import logging
 import os
 import posixpath as vcspath
 import re
 import stat
 import traceback
 import urllib
 import urllib2
 from functools import wraps
 
 import more_itertools
 from dulwich import index, objects
 from dulwich.client import HttpGitClient, LocalGitClient
 from dulwich.errors import (
     NotGitRepository, ChecksumMismatch, WrongObjectException,
     MissingCommitError, ObjectMissing, HangupException,
     UnexpectedCommandError)
 from dulwich.repo import Repo as DulwichRepo, Tag
 from dulwich.server import update_server_info
 
 from vcsserver import exceptions, settings, subprocessio
 from vcsserver.utils import safe_str
 from vcsserver.base import RepoFactory, obfuscate_qs, raise_from_original
 from vcsserver.hgcompat import (
     hg_url as url_parser, httpbasicauthhandler, httpdigestauthhandler)
 from vcsserver.git_lfs.lib import LFSOidStore
 
 DIR_STAT = stat.S_IFDIR
 FILE_MODE = stat.S_IFMT
 GIT_LINK = objects.S_IFGITLINK
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def reraise_safe_exceptions(func):
     """Converts Dulwich exceptions to something neutral."""
     @wraps(func)
     def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
         try:
             return func(*args, **kwargs)
         except (ChecksumMismatch, WrongObjectException, MissingCommitError,
                 ObjectMissing) as e:
             exc = exceptions.LookupException(e)
             raise exc(e)
         except (HangupException, UnexpectedCommandError) as e:
             exc = exceptions.VcsException(e)
             raise exc(e)
         except Exception as e:
             # NOTE(marcink): becuase of how dulwich handles some exceptions
             # (KeyError on empty repos), we cannot track this and catch all
             # exceptions, it's an exceptions from other handlers
             #if not hasattr(e, '_vcs_kind'):
                 #log.exception("Unhandled exception in git remote call")
                 #raise_from_original(exceptions.UnhandledException)
             raise
     return wrapper
 
 
 class Repo(DulwichRepo):
     """
     A wrapper for dulwich Repo class.
 
     Since dulwich is sometimes keeping .idx file descriptors open, it leads to
     "Too many open files" error. We need to close all opened file descriptors
     once the repo object is destroyed.
 
     TODO: mikhail: please check if we need this wrapper after updating dulwich
     to 0.12.0 +
     """
     def __del__(self):
         if hasattr(self, 'object_store'):
             self.close()
 
 
 class GitFactory(RepoFactory):
     repo_type = 'git'
 
     def _create_repo(self, wire, create):
         repo_path = str_to_dulwich(wire['path'])
         return Repo(repo_path)
 
 
 class GitRemote(object):
 
     def __init__(self, factory):
         self._factory = factory
         self.peeled_ref_marker = '^{}'
         self._bulk_methods = {
             "author": self.commit_attribute,
             "date": self.get_object_attrs,
             "message": self.commit_attribute,
             "parents": self.commit_attribute,
             "_commit": self.revision,
         }
 
     def _wire_to_config(self, wire):
         if 'config' in wire:
             return dict([(x[0] + '_' + x[1], x[2]) for x in wire['config']])
         return {}
 
     def _assign_ref(self, wire, ref, commit_id):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         repo[ref] = commit_id
 
     def _remote_conf(self, config):
         params = [
             '-c', 'core.askpass=""',
         ]
         ssl_cert_dir = config.get('vcs_ssl_dir')
         if ssl_cert_dir:
             params.extend(['-c', 'http.sslCAinfo={}'.format(ssl_cert_dir)])
         return params
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def is_empty(self, wire):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         try:
             return not repo.head()
         except Exception:
             log.exception("failed to read object_store")
             return True
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def add_object(self, wire, content):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         blob = objects.Blob()
         blob.set_raw_string(content)
         repo.object_store.add_object(blob)
         return blob.id
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def assert_correct_path(self, wire):
         path = wire.get('path')
         try:
             self._factory.repo(wire)
         except NotGitRepository as e:
             tb = traceback.format_exc()
             log.debug("Invalid Git path `%s`, tb: %s", path, tb)
             return False
 
         return True
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def bare(self, wire):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         return repo.bare
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def blob_as_pretty_string(self, wire, sha):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         return repo[sha].as_pretty_string()
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def blob_raw_length(self, wire, sha):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         blob = repo[sha]
         return blob.raw_length()
 
     def _parse_lfs_pointer(self, raw_content):
 
         spec_string = 'version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec'
         if raw_content and raw_content.startswith(spec_string):
             pattern = re.compile(r"""
             (?:\n)?
             ^version[ ]https://git-lfs\.github\.com/spec/(?P<spec_ver>v\d+)\n
             ^oid[ ] sha256:(?P<oid_hash>[0-9a-f]{64})\n
             ^size[ ](?P<oid_size>[0-9]+)\n
             (?:\n)?
             """, re.VERBOSE | re.MULTILINE)
             match = pattern.match(raw_content)
             if match:
                 return match.groupdict()
 
         return {}
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def is_large_file(self, wire, sha):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         blob = repo[sha]
         return self._parse_lfs_pointer(blob.as_raw_string())
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def in_largefiles_store(self, wire, oid):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         conf = self._wire_to_config(wire)
 
         store_location = conf.get('vcs_git_lfs_store_location')
         if store_location:
             repo_name = repo.path
             store = LFSOidStore(
                 oid=oid, repo=repo_name, store_location=store_location)
             return store.has_oid()
 
         return False
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def store_path(self, wire, oid):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         conf = self._wire_to_config(wire)
 
         store_location = conf.get('vcs_git_lfs_store_location')
         if store_location:
             repo_name = repo.path
             store = LFSOidStore(
                 oid=oid, repo=repo_name, store_location=store_location)
             return store.oid_path
         raise ValueError('Unable to fetch oid with path {}'.format(oid))
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def bulk_request(self, wire, rev, pre_load):
         result = {}
         for attr in pre_load:
             try:
                 method = self._bulk_methods[attr]
                 args = [wire, rev]
                 if attr == "date":
                     args.extend(["commit_time", "commit_timezone"])
                 elif attr in ["author", "message", "parents"]:
                     args.append(attr)
                 result[attr] = method(*args)
             except KeyError as e:
                 raise exceptions.VcsException(e)(
                     "Unknown bulk attribute: %s" % attr)
         return result
 
     def _build_opener(self, url):
         handlers = []
         url_obj = url_parser(url)
         _, authinfo = url_obj.authinfo()
 
         if authinfo:
             # create a password manager
             passmgr = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
             passmgr.add_password(*authinfo)
 
             handlers.extend((httpbasicauthhandler(passmgr),
                              httpdigestauthhandler(passmgr)))
 
         return urllib2.build_opener(*handlers)
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def check_url(self, url, config):
         url_obj = url_parser(url)
         test_uri, _ = url_obj.authinfo()
         url_obj.passwd = '*****' if url_obj.passwd else url_obj.passwd
         url_obj.query = obfuscate_qs(url_obj.query)
         cleaned_uri = str(url_obj)
         log.info("Checking URL for remote cloning/import: %s", cleaned_uri)
 
         if not test_uri.endswith('info/refs'):
             test_uri = test_uri.rstrip('/') + '/info/refs'
 
         o = self._build_opener(url)
         o.addheaders = [('User-Agent', 'git/1.7.8.0')]  # fake some git
 
         q = {"service": 'git-upload-pack'}
         qs = '?%s' % urllib.urlencode(q)
         cu = "%s%s" % (test_uri, qs)
         req = urllib2.Request(cu, None, {})
 
         try:
             log.debug("Trying to open URL %s", cleaned_uri)
             resp = o.open(req)
             if resp.code != 200:
                 raise exceptions.URLError()('Return Code is not 200')
         except Exception as e:
             log.warning("URL cannot be opened: %s", cleaned_uri, exc_info=True)
             # means it cannot be cloned
             raise exceptions.URLError(e)("[%s] org_exc: %s" % (cleaned_uri, e))
 
         # now detect if it's proper git repo
         gitdata = resp.read()
         if 'service=git-upload-pack' in gitdata:
             pass
         elif re.findall(r'[0-9a-fA-F]{40}\s+refs', gitdata):
             # old style git can return some other format !
             pass
         else:
             raise exceptions.URLError()(
                 "url [%s] does not look like an git" % (cleaned_uri,))
 
         return True
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def clone(self, wire, url, deferred, valid_refs, update_after_clone):
         # TODO(marcink): deprecate this method. Last i checked we don't use it anymore
         remote_refs = self.pull(wire, url, apply_refs=False)
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         if isinstance(valid_refs, list):
             valid_refs = tuple(valid_refs)
 
         for k in remote_refs:
             # only parse heads/tags and skip so called deferred tags
             if k.startswith(valid_refs) and not k.endswith(deferred):
                 repo[k] = remote_refs[k]
 
         if update_after_clone:
             # we want to checkout HEAD
             repo["HEAD"] = remote_refs["HEAD"]
             index.build_index_from_tree(repo.path, repo.index_path(),
                                         repo.object_store, repo["HEAD"].tree)
 
     # TODO: this is quite complex, check if that can be simplified
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def commit(self, wire, commit_data, branch, commit_tree, updated, removed):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         object_store = repo.object_store
 
         # Create tree and populates it with blobs
         commit_tree = commit_tree and repo[commit_tree] or objects.Tree()
 
         for node in updated:
             # Compute subdirs if needed
             dirpath, nodename = vcspath.split(node['path'])
             dirnames = map(safe_str, dirpath and dirpath.split('/') or [])
             parent = commit_tree
             ancestors = [('', parent)]
 
             # Tries to dig for the deepest existing tree
             while dirnames:
                 curdir = dirnames.pop(0)
                 try:
                     dir_id = parent[curdir][1]
                 except KeyError:
                     # put curdir back into dirnames and stops
                     dirnames.insert(0, curdir)
                     break
                 else:
                     # If found, updates parent
                     parent = repo[dir_id]
                     ancestors.append((curdir, parent))
             # Now parent is deepest existing tree and we need to create
             # subtrees for dirnames (in reverse order)
             # [this only applies for nodes from added]
             new_trees = []
 
             blob = objects.Blob.from_string(node['content'])
 
             if dirnames:
                 # If there are trees which should be created we need to build
                 # them now (in reverse order)
                 reversed_dirnames = list(reversed(dirnames))
                 curtree = objects.Tree()
                 curtree[node['node_path']] = node['mode'], blob.id
                 new_trees.append(curtree)
                 for dirname in reversed_dirnames[:-1]:
                     newtree = objects.Tree()
                     newtree[dirname] = (DIR_STAT, curtree.id)
                     new_trees.append(newtree)
                     curtree = newtree
                 parent[reversed_dirnames[-1]] = (DIR_STAT, curtree.id)
             else:
                 parent.add(
                     name=node['node_path'], mode=node['mode'], hexsha=blob.id)
 
             new_trees.append(parent)
             # Update ancestors
             reversed_ancestors = reversed(
                 [(a[1], b[1], b[0]) for a, b in zip(ancestors, ancestors[1:])])
             for parent, tree, path in reversed_ancestors:
                 parent[path] = (DIR_STAT, tree.id)
                 object_store.add_object(tree)
 
             object_store.add_object(blob)
             for tree in new_trees:
                 object_store.add_object(tree)
 
         for node_path in removed:
             paths = node_path.split('/')
             tree = commit_tree
             trees = [tree]
             # Traverse deep into the forest...
             for path in paths:
                 try:
                     obj = repo[tree[path][1]]
                     if isinstance(obj, objects.Tree):
                         trees.append(obj)
                         tree = obj
                 except KeyError:
                     break
             # Cut down the blob and all rotten trees on the way back...
             for path, tree in reversed(zip(paths, trees)):
                 del tree[path]
                 if tree:
                     # This tree still has elements - don't remove it or any
                     # of it's parents
                     break
 
         object_store.add_object(commit_tree)
 
         # Create commit
         commit = objects.Commit()
         commit.tree = commit_tree.id
         for k, v in commit_data.iteritems():
             setattr(commit, k, v)
         object_store.add_object(commit)
 
         ref = 'refs/heads/%s' % branch
         repo.refs[ref] = commit.id
 
         return commit.id
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def pull(self, wire, url, apply_refs=True, refs=None, update_after=False):
         if url != 'default' and '://' not in url:
             client = LocalGitClient(url)
         else:
             url_obj = url_parser(url)
             o = self._build_opener(url)
             url, _ = url_obj.authinfo()
             client = HttpGitClient(base_url=url, opener=o)
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
 
         determine_wants = repo.object_store.determine_wants_all
         if refs:
             def determine_wants_requested(references):
                 return [references[r] for r in references if r in refs]
             determine_wants = determine_wants_requested
 
         try:
             remote_refs = client.fetch(
                 path=url, target=repo, determine_wants=determine_wants)
         except NotGitRepository as e:
             log.warning(
                 'Trying to fetch from "%s" failed, not a Git repository.', url)
             # Exception can contain unicode which we convert
             raise exceptions.AbortException(e)(repr(e))
 
         # mikhail: client.fetch() returns all the remote refs, but fetches only
         # refs filtered by `determine_wants` function. We need to filter result
         # as well
         if refs:
             remote_refs = {k: remote_refs[k] for k in remote_refs if k in refs}
 
         if apply_refs:
             # TODO: johbo: Needs proper test coverage with a git repository
             # that contains a tag object, so that we would end up with
             # a peeled ref at this point.
             for k in remote_refs:
                 if k.endswith(self.peeled_ref_marker):
                     log.debug("Skipping peeled reference %s", k)
                     continue
                 repo[k] = remote_refs[k]
 
             if refs and not update_after:
                 # mikhail: explicitly set the head to the last ref.
                 repo['HEAD'] = remote_refs[refs[-1]]
 
         if update_after:
             # we want to checkout HEAD
             repo["HEAD"] = remote_refs["HEAD"]
             index.build_index_from_tree(repo.path, repo.index_path(),
                                         repo.object_store, repo["HEAD"].tree)
         return remote_refs
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def sync_fetch(self, wire, url, refs=None):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         if refs and not isinstance(refs, (list, tuple)):
             refs = [refs]
         config = self._wire_to_config(wire)
         # get all remote refs we'll use to fetch later
         output, __ = self.run_git_command(
             wire, ['ls-remote', url], fail_on_stderr=False,
             _copts=self._remote_conf(config),
             extra_env={'GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT': '0'})
 
         remote_refs = collections.OrderedDict()
         fetch_refs = []
 
         for ref_line in output.splitlines():
             sha, ref = ref_line.split('\t')
             sha = sha.strip()
             if ref in remote_refs:
                 # duplicate, skip
                 continue
             if ref.endswith(self.peeled_ref_marker):
                 log.debug("Skipping peeled reference %s", ref)
                 continue
             # don't sync HEAD
             if ref in ['HEAD']:
                 continue
 
             remote_refs[ref] = sha
 
             if refs and sha in refs:
                 # we filter fetch using our specified refs
                 fetch_refs.append('{}:{}'.format(ref, ref))
             elif not refs:
                 fetch_refs.append('{}:{}'.format(ref, ref))
         log.debug('Finished obtaining fetch refs, total: %s', len(fetch_refs))
         if fetch_refs:
             for chunk in more_itertools.chunked(fetch_refs, 1024 * 4):
                 fetch_refs_chunks = list(chunk)
                 log.debug('Fetching %s refs from import url', len(fetch_refs_chunks))
                 _out, _err = self.run_git_command(
                     wire, ['fetch', url, '--force', '--prune', '--'] + fetch_refs_chunks,
                     fail_on_stderr=False,
                     _copts=self._remote_conf(config),
                     extra_env={'GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT': '0'})
 
         return remote_refs
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def sync_push(self, wire, url, refs=None):
         if not self.check_url(url, wire):
             return
         config = self._wire_to_config(wire)
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         self.run_git_command(
             wire, ['push', url, '--mirror'], fail_on_stderr=False,
             _copts=self._remote_conf(config),
             extra_env={'GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT': '0'})
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def get_remote_refs(self, wire, url):
         repo = Repo(url)
         return repo.get_refs()
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def get_description(self, wire):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         return repo.get_description()
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def get_missing_revs(self, wire, rev1, rev2, path2):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         LocalGitClient(thin_packs=False).fetch(path2, repo)
 
         wire_remote = wire.copy()
         wire_remote['path'] = path2
         repo_remote = self._factory.repo(wire_remote)
         LocalGitClient(thin_packs=False).fetch(wire["path"], repo_remote)
 
         revs = [
             x.commit.id
             for x in repo_remote.get_walker(include=[rev2], exclude=[rev1])]
         return revs
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def get_object(self, wire, sha):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         obj = repo.get_object(sha)
         commit_id = obj.id
 
         if isinstance(obj, Tag):
             commit_id = obj.object[1]
 
         return {
             'id': obj.id,
             'type': obj.type_name,
-            'commit_id': commit_id
+            'commit_id': commit_id,
+            'idx': 0
         }
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def get_object_attrs(self, wire, sha, *attrs):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         obj = repo.get_object(sha)
         return list(getattr(obj, a) for a in attrs)
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def get_refs(self, wire):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         result = {}
         for ref, sha in repo.refs.as_dict().items():
             peeled_sha = repo.get_peeled(ref)
             result[ref] = peeled_sha
         return result
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def get_refs_path(self, wire):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         return repo.refs.path
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def head(self, wire, show_exc=True):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         try:
             return repo.head()
         except Exception:
             if show_exc:
                 raise
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def init(self, wire):
         repo_path = str_to_dulwich(wire['path'])
         self.repo = Repo.init(repo_path)
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def init_bare(self, wire):
         repo_path = str_to_dulwich(wire['path'])
         self.repo = Repo.init_bare(repo_path)
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def revision(self, wire, rev):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         obj = repo[rev]
         obj_data = {
             'id': obj.id,
         }
         try:
             obj_data['tree'] = obj.tree
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         return obj_data
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def commit_attribute(self, wire, rev, attr):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         obj = repo[rev]
         return getattr(obj, attr)
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def set_refs(self, wire, key, value):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         repo.refs[key] = value
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def remove_ref(self, wire, key):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         del repo.refs[key]
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def tree_changes(self, wire, source_id, target_id):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         source = repo[source_id].tree if source_id else None
         target = repo[target_id].tree
         result = repo.object_store.tree_changes(source, target)
         return list(result)
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def tree_items(self, wire, tree_id):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         tree = repo[tree_id]
 
         result = []
         for item in tree.iteritems():
             item_sha = item.sha
             item_mode = item.mode
 
             if FILE_MODE(item_mode) == GIT_LINK:
                 item_type = "link"
             else:
                 item_type = repo[item_sha].type_name
 
             result.append((item.path, item_mode, item_sha, item_type))
         return result
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def update_server_info(self, wire):
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         update_server_info(repo)
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def discover_git_version(self):
         stdout, _ = self.run_git_command(
             {}, ['--version'], _bare=True, _safe=True)
         prefix = 'git version'
         if stdout.startswith(prefix):
             stdout = stdout[len(prefix):]
         return stdout.strip()
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def run_git_command(self, wire, cmd, **opts):
         path = wire.get('path', None)
 
         if path and os.path.isdir(path):
             opts['cwd'] = path
 
         if '_bare' in opts:
             _copts = []
             del opts['_bare']
         else:
             _copts = ['-c', 'core.quotepath=false', ]
         safe_call = False
         if '_safe' in opts:
             # no exc on failure
             del opts['_safe']
             safe_call = True
 
         if '_copts' in opts:
             _copts.extend(opts['_copts'] or [])
             del opts['_copts']
 
         gitenv = os.environ.copy()
         gitenv.update(opts.pop('extra_env', {}))
         # need to clean fix GIT_DIR !
         if 'GIT_DIR' in gitenv:
             del gitenv['GIT_DIR']
         gitenv['GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL'] = '1'
         gitenv['GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'] = '1'
 
         cmd = [settings.GIT_EXECUTABLE] + _copts + cmd
         _opts = {'env': gitenv, 'shell': False}
 
         try:
             _opts.update(opts)
             p = subprocessio.SubprocessIOChunker(cmd, **_opts)
 
             return ''.join(p), ''.join(p.error)
         except (EnvironmentError, OSError) as err:
             cmd = ' '.join(cmd)  # human friendly CMD
             tb_err = ("Couldn't run git command (%s).\n"
                       "Original error was:%s\n"
                       "Call options:%s\n"
                       % (cmd, err, _opts))
             log.exception(tb_err)
             if safe_call:
                 return '', err
             else:
                 raise exceptions.VcsException()(tb_err)
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def install_hooks(self, wire, force=False):
         from vcsserver.hook_utils import install_git_hooks
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         return install_git_hooks(repo.path, repo.bare, force_create=force)
 
     @reraise_safe_exceptions
     def get_hooks_info(self, wire):
         from vcsserver.hook_utils import (
             get_git_pre_hook_version, get_git_post_hook_version)
         repo = self._factory.repo(wire)
         return {
             'pre_version': get_git_pre_hook_version(repo.path, repo.bare),
             'post_version': get_git_post_hook_version(repo.path, repo.bare),
         }
 
 
 def str_to_dulwich(value):
     """
     Dulwich 0.10.1a requires `unicode` objects to be passed in.
     """
     return value.decode(settings.WIRE_ENCODING)