docs: remove duplicate link to Mercurial

An identical link already exists at the bottom of this file.

README.rst

@@ -1,431 +1,430 b''
 .. -*- mode: rst; compile-command: "rst2html README.rst README.html" -*-
 
 =======================================================
 Mercurial Keyring
 =======================================================
 
 Mercurial Keyring is a Mercurial_ extension used to securely save HTTP
 and SMTP authentication passwords in password databases (Gnome
 Keyring, KDE KWallet, OSXKeyChain, Windows Vault etc).
 
 With ``mercurial_keyring`` active, Mercurial remembers your passwords
 and reuses them without prompting (as if you stored them in ``.hgrc``),
 but password storage is reasonably secure.
 
 Actual password storage is implemented by the keyring_ library, this 
 extension glues it to Mercurial.
 
 .. contents::
    :local:
    :depth: 2
 
 .. sectnum::
 
 .. _keyring: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/keyring
-.. _Mercurial: http://mercurial.selenic.com
 
 How does it work
 =======================================================
 
 On your first pull or push to HTTP url (or first email sent via given
 SMTP server), you are prompted for the password, just like bare
 Mercurial does. But the password you entered is saved to appropriate
 password database. On successive runs, whenever the password is
 needed, ``mercurial_keyring`` checks for password in password
 database, and uses it without troubling you.
 
 In case password turns out to be incorrect (for example, because you
 changed it, or entered it incorrectly), ``mercurial_keyring`` prompts
 you again, and overwrites the password.
 
 You can use many passwords (for various remote urls).  Saved passwords
 are identified by pair of username and url prefix. See below for
 information how to configure those properly.
 
 Installation
 =======================================================
 
 Prerequisites
 -------------
 
 This extension requires keyring_ and `mercurial_extension_utils`_ to
 work. In many cases both will be installed automatically while you
 install ``mercurial_keyring``, but you may need to control the process.
 
 The keyring_ library can usually be installed by::
 
     pip install --user keyring
 
 (or ``easy_install keyring``), but on some systems it is preferable to
 use official distribution archive. For example, on Debian and Ubuntu,
 you may install ``python-keyring`` and either ``python-keyring-gnome``
 or ``python-keyring-kwallet`` packages::
 
     sudo apt-get install python-keyring python-keyring-gnome
 
 (this will save you the need to provide working compiler and various
 development libraries).
 
 The `mercurial_extension_utils`_ module is tiny Python-only module,
 which can be installed by::
 
     pip install --user mercurial_extension_utils
 
 but in some cases (Windows…) requires more care. See
 `mercurial_extension_utils`_ documentation.
     
 
 Extension installation
 ----------------------
 
 There are two possible ways of installing the extension: using PyPi package,
 or using source clone.
 
 To install as a package::
 
     pip install --user mercurial_keyring
 
 (or ``sudo pip install mercurial_keyring`` for system-wide
 installation) and then enable it in ``~/.hgrc`` (or
 ``/etc/mercurial/hgrc`` or ``Mercurial.ini``) using::
 
     [extensions]
     mercurial_keyring = 
 
 To install using source clone, install keyring_ according to the
 instructions above, then clone::
     
     hg clone https://foss.heptapod.net/mercurial/mercurial_keyring/
     hg clone https://foss.heptapod.net/mercurial/mercurial-extension_utils/
 
 and configure Mercurial using  full path to the extension module::
 
     [extensions]
     mercurial_keyring = /path/to/mercurial_keyring/mercurial_keyring.py
 
 .. _the code: 
 .. _mercurial_keyring.py: https://foss.heptapod.net/mercurial/mercurial_keyring/src/tip/mercurial_keyring.py
 
 Password backend configuration
 =======================================================
 
 The most appropriate password backend should usually be picked without
 configuration (considering installed libraries, operating system,
 active desktop session). Still, if necessary, it can be configured
 using ``keyringrc.cfg`` file.  Refer to keyring_ docs for more
 details.
 
 .. note::
 
    With current (as I write) keyring (5.6), this file is (on Linux)
    located at ``~/.local/share/python_keyring/keyringrc.cfg`` and
    it's example content looks like::
 
         [backend]
         default-keyring=keyring.backends.Gnome.Keyring
         # default-keyring=keyring.backends.kwallet.Keyring
 
    For list of known backends run ``pydoc keyring.backends`` or
    ``keyring --list-backends`` (which of those commands work,
    depends on the keyring_ version).
 
 
 ``hgrc`` configuration (HTTP)
 =======================================================
 
 Mercurial Keyring uses standard Mercurial ``[auth]`` configuration to
 detect your username (on given remote) and url prefix. You are
 strongly advised to configure both.
 
 Without the username ``mercurial_keyring`` can't save or restore
 passwords, so it disables itself.
 
 Without url prefix ``mercurial_keyring`` works, but binds passwords to
 repository urls. That means you will have to (re)enter password for
 every repository cloned from given remote (and that there will be many
 copies of this password in secure storage).
 
 Repository level configuration
 ------------------------------------
 
 Edit repository-local ``.hg/hgrc`` and save there the remote
 repository path and the username, but do not save the password. For
 example:
 
 ::
 
     [paths]
     myremote = https://my.server.com/hgrepo/someproject
 
     [auth]
     myremote.prefix = https://my.server.com/hgrepo
     myremote.username = John
 
 Simpler form with url-embedded name can also be used:
 
 ::
 
     [paths]
     bitbucket = https://[e-mail]/hgrepo/someproject/
 
 but is not recommended.
 
 Note that all repositories sharing the same ``prefix`` share the same
 password.
 
 Mercurial allows also for password in ``.hg/hgrc`` (either given by
 ``«prefix».password``, or embedded in url). If such password is found,
 Mercurial Keyring disables itself.
 
 
 Account-level configuration
 ---------------------------
 
 If you are consistent about remote repository nicknames, you can
 configure the username in your `~/.hgrc` (`.hgrc` in your home
 directory). For example, write there::
 
     [auth]
     acme.prefix = hg.acme.com/repositories
     acme.username = johnny
     acme.schemes = http https
     bitbucket.prefix = https://bitbucket.org
     bitbucket.username = Mekk
     mydep.prefix = https://dev.acmeorg.com
     mydep.username = drmartin
 
 and as long as you use  ``acme`` alias for repositories like
 ``https://hg.acme.com/repositories/my_beautiful_app``, username
 ``johnny`` will be used, and the same password reused. Similarly
 any ``hg push bitbucket`` will share the same password.
 
 With such config repository-level ``.hg/hgrc`` need only contain
 ``[paths]``.
 
 Additional advantage of this method is that it works also during
 `clone`.
 
 
 .. note::
 
    Mercurial Keyring works well with `Path Pattern`_. On my setup I use
    prefix as above, and::
 
        [path_pattern]
        bitbucket.local = ~/devel/{below}
        bitbucket.remote = https://bitbucket.org/Mekk/{below:/=-}
  
    so all my repositories understand ``hg push bitbucket`` without
    any repository-level configuration.
 
 
 ``hgrc`` configuration (SMTP)
 =======================================================
 
 Edit either repository-local ``.hg/hgrc``, or ``~/.hgrc`` and set
 there all standard email and smtp properties, including SMTP
 username, but without SMTP password. For example:
 
 ::
 
     [email]
     method = smtp
     from = Joe Doe <[e-mail]>
 
     [smtp]
     host = smtp.gmail.com
     port = 587
     username = [e-mail]
     tls = true
 
 Just as in case of HTTP, you *must* set username, but *must not* set
 password here to use the extension, in other cases it will revert to
 the default behavior.
 
 Usage
 ======================================================
 
 Saving and restoring passwords
 -------------------------------------------------------
 
 Configure the repository as above, then just ``hg pull``, ``hg push``,
 etc.  You should be asked for the password only once (per every
 username and remote repository prefix or url combination).
 
 Similarly, for email, configure as above and just ``hg email``.
 Again, you will be asked for the password once (per every username and
 email server address combination).
 
 Checking password status (``hg keyring_check``)
 -------------------------------------------------------
 
 The ``keyring_check`` command can be used to check whether/which
 password(s) are saved. It can be used in three ways:
 
 - without parameters, it prints info related to all HTTP paths
   defined for current repository (everything from ``hg paths``
   that resolves to HTTP url)::
 
     hg keyring_check
 
 - given alias as param, it prints info about this alias::
 
     hg keyring_check work
 
 - finally, any path can be checked::
 
     hg keyring_check https://foss.heptapod.net/mercurial/mercurial_keyring
 
 Deleting saved password (``hg keyring_clear``)
 -------------------------------------------------------
 
 The ``keyring_clear`` command removes saved password related to given
 path. It can be used in two ways:
 
 - given alias as param, it drops password used by this alias::
 
     hg keyring_clear work
 
 - given full path, it drops password related to this path::
 
     hg keyring_clear https://foss.heptapod.net/mercurial/mercurial_keyring
 
 Managing passwords using GUI tools
 ------------------------------------------------------
 
 Many password backends provide GUI tools for password management,
 for example Gnome Keyring passwords can be managed using ``seahorse``,
 and KDE Wallet using ``kwalletmanager``. Those GUI tools can be used
 to review, edit, or delete saved passwords.
 
 Unfortunately, as I write, keyring_ library does not allow one to
 configure how/where exactly saved passwords are put in the hierarchy,
 and the place is not always intuitive. For example, in KDE Wallet, all
 passwords saved using ``mercurial_keyring`` show up in the folder
 named ``Python``.
 
 .. note::
 
    This is slightly problematic in case ``mercurial_keyring`` is not
    the only program using keyring_ library. Passwords saved by another
    Python application or script (which also uses keyring_) will be put
    into the same place, and it may be unclear which password belongs
    to which program. To remedy this, ``mercurial_keyring`` applies
    slightly unusual labels of the form
    ``«username»@@«urlprefix»@Mercurial`` - for example my bitbucket
    password is labelled ``Mekk@@https://bitbucket.org@Mercurial``.
 
 Implementation details
 =======================================================
 
 The extension is monkey-patching the mercurial ``passwordmgr`` class
 to replace the ``find_user_password`` method. Detailed order of operations
 is described in the comments inside `the code`_.
 
 Frequent problems
 =======================================================
 
 Most problems people face while using ``mercurial_keyring`` are in
 fact problems with ``keyring`` library and it's backends. In
 particular, those can manifest by:
 
 - technical errors mentioning sentences like ``No recommended backend
   was available. Install the keyrings.alt package…`` (or similar),
 
 - warnings like ``keyring: keyring backend doesn't seem to work…``
 
 - password prompts on every action (= passwords not being saved).
 
 Those almost always mean that *natural* keyring backend for given
 desktop type doesn't work, or is not present at all.  For example,
 some necessary runtime component can be down (say, you use Linux, but
 neither Gnome Keyring, nor KDE Wallet, is running). Or appropriate
 backend is not installed because it could not be build during keyring_
 library installation (maybe because some required library was not
 present at the moment of keyring installation, or maybe because
 compiler as such is not present on the system).
 
 To diagnose such problems, try using ``keyring`` utility, as described
 on keyring_ documentation page, for example by::
 
     keyring --list-backends
     keyring -b keyrings.alt.Gnome.Keyring set testsvc testuser
     keyring -b keyrings.alt.Gnome.Keyring get testsvc testuser
 
 (of course using appropriate backend). If you miss the ``keyring`` command
 as such, try ``python -m keyring`` instead::
 
     python -m keyring --list-backends
     python -m keyring -b keyrings.alt.Gnome.Keyring set testsvc testuser
     python -m keyring -b keyrings.alt.Gnome.Keyring get testsvc testuser
 
 If appropriate backend is missing (not listed), or doesn't work
 (second or third command fails), your keyring is broken. Try looking
 for further pointers in keyring_ documentation, that project mailing
 list, or issue tracker. Typically it will turn out, that you need to
 install some missing tool, or library, and reinstall keyring.
 
 .. note::
 
    Depending on keyring_ version, installation of some dependency may
    resolve problem. For example (as of late 2018), I got KDE Wallet
    backend working with pip-installed keyring after::
 
        pip install dbus-python
 
    Note also, that recent versions of keyring library (since version 12) use Python
    entrypoints to find available backends. Those are incompatible with
    some binary packaging methods (like ``py2app``) and may cause
    problems. In particular there were packaged installations of TortoiseHG
    which were unable to load keyring backends. See `#61 <https://foss.heptapod.net/mercurial/mercurial_keyring/issues/61/tortoisehg-encounters-unknown-exception>`_ for some more details.
 
 
 If ``keyring`` command works, but mercurial with mercurial_keyring does not,
 try enforcing  proper backend (by means of ``keyringrc.cfg``, see above).
 Only if this doesn't help, there may be a bug in mercurial_keyring.
 
 By far easiest way to have properly working keyring is to use packaged
 binary version (like ``python-keyring`` Ubuntu package, or keyring
 bundled with TortoiseHG on some systems). If you pip-installed keyring
 and it doesn't work, you may consider removing it via ``pip uninstall
 keyring`` and looking for binary package instead.
 
 
 
 
 History
 =======================================================
 
 See `HISTORY.rst`_.
 
 Repository, bug reports, enhancement suggestions
 ===================================================
 
 Development is tracked on HeptaPod, see 
 https://foss.heptapod.net/mercurial/mercurial_keyring/
 
 Use issue tracker there for bug reports and enhancement
 suggestions.
 
 Thanks to Octobus_ and `Clever Cloud`_ for hosting this service.
 
 
 
 Additional notes
 =======================================================
 
 Information about this extension is also available
 on Mercurial Wiki: http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/KeyringExtension
 
 Check also `other Mercurial extensions I wrote`_.
 
 .. _Octobus: https://octobus.net/
 .. _Clever Cloud: https://www.clever-cloud.com/
 
 .. _other Mercurial extensions I wrote: http://code.mekk.waw.pl/mercurial.html
 
 .. _HISTORY.rst: https://foss.heptapod.net/mercurial/mercurial_keyring/src/tip/HISTORY.rst
 .. _TortoiseHg: http://tortoisehg.bitbucket.org/
 .. _Mercurial: http://mercurial.selenic.com
 .. _mercurial_extension_utils: https://foss.heptapod.net/mercurial/mercurial-extension_utils/
 .. _Path Pattern: https://foss.heptapod.net/mercurial/mercurial-path_pattern/