IPython/kernel/zmq/kernelapp.py

"""An Application for launching a kernel

Authors
-------
* MinRK
"""
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Copyright (C) 2011  The IPython Development Team
#
#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
#  the file COPYING.txt, distributed as part of this software.
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Imports
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

from __future__ import print_function

# Standard library imports
import atexit
import json
import os
import sys
import signal

# System library imports
import zmq
from zmq.eventloop import ioloop
from zmq.eventloop.zmqstream import ZMQStream

# IPython imports
from IPython.core.ultratb import FormattedTB
from IPython.core.application import (
    BaseIPythonApplication, base_flags, base_aliases, catch_config_error
)
from IPython.core.profiledir import ProfileDir
from IPython.core.shellapp import (
    InteractiveShellApp, shell_flags, shell_aliases
)
from IPython.utils import io
from IPython.utils.localinterfaces import LOCALHOST
from IPython.utils.path import filefind
from IPython.utils.py3compat import str_to_bytes
from IPython.utils.traitlets import (
    Any, Instance, Dict, Unicode, Integer, Bool, CaselessStrEnum,
    DottedObjectName,
)
from IPython.utils.importstring import import_item
from IPython.kernel import write_connection_file

# local imports
from heartbeat import Heartbeat
from ipkernel import Kernel
from parentpoller import ParentPollerUnix, ParentPollerWindows
from session import (
    Session, session_flags, session_aliases, default_secure,
)
from zmqshell import ZMQInteractiveShell

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Flags and Aliases
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

kernel_aliases = dict(base_aliases)
kernel_aliases.update({
    'ip' : 'IPKernelApp.ip',
    'hb' : 'IPKernelApp.hb_port',
    'shell' : 'IPKernelApp.shell_port',
    'iopub' : 'IPKernelApp.iopub_port',
    'stdin' : 'IPKernelApp.stdin_port',
    'control' : 'IPKernelApp.control_port',
    'f' : 'IPKernelApp.connection_file',
    'parent': 'IPKernelApp.parent_handle',
    'transport': 'IPKernelApp.transport',
})
if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
    kernel_aliases['interrupt'] = 'IPKernelApp.interrupt'

kernel_flags = dict(base_flags)
kernel_flags.update({
    'no-stdout' : (
            {'IPKernelApp' : {'no_stdout' : True}},
            "redirect stdout to the null device"),
    'no-stderr' : (
            {'IPKernelApp' : {'no_stderr' : True}},
            "redirect stderr to the null device"),
    'pylab' : (
        {'IPKernelApp' : {'pylab' : 'auto'}},
        """Pre-load matplotlib and numpy for interactive use with
        the default matplotlib backend."""),
})

# inherit flags&aliases for any IPython shell apps
kernel_aliases.update(shell_aliases)
kernel_flags.update(shell_flags)

# inherit flags&aliases for Sessions
kernel_aliases.update(session_aliases)
kernel_flags.update(session_flags)

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Application class for starting an IPython Kernel
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

class IPKernelApp(BaseIPythonApplication, InteractiveShellApp):
    name='ipkernel'
    aliases = Dict(kernel_aliases)
    flags = Dict(kernel_flags)
    classes = [Kernel, ZMQInteractiveShell, ProfileDir, Session]
    # the kernel class, as an importstring
    kernel_class = DottedObjectName('IPython.kernel.zmq.ipkernel.Kernel', config=True,
    help="""The Kernel subclass to be used.
    
    This should allow easy re-use of the IPKernelApp entry point
    to configure and launch kernels other than IPython's own.
    """)
    kernel = Any()
    poller = Any() # don't restrict this even though current pollers are all Threads
    heartbeat = Instance(Heartbeat)
    session = Instance('IPython.kernel.zmq.session.Session')
    ports = Dict()
    
    # inherit config file name from parent:
    parent_appname = Unicode(config=True)
    def _parent_appname_changed(self, name, old, new):
        if self.config_file_specified:
            # it was manually specified, ignore
            return
        self.config_file_name = new.replace('-','_') + u'_config.py'
        # don't let this count as specifying the config file
        self.config_file_specified = False
        
    # connection info:
    transport = CaselessStrEnum(['tcp', 'ipc'], default_value='tcp', config=True)
    ip = Unicode(config=True,
        help="Set the IP or interface on which the kernel will listen.")
    def _ip_default(self):
        if self.transport == 'ipc':
            if self.connection_file:
                return os.path.splitext(self.abs_connection_file)[0] + '-ipc'
            else:
                return 'kernel-ipc'
        else:
            return LOCALHOST
    hb_port = Integer(0, config=True, help="set the heartbeat port [default: random]")
    shell_port = Integer(0, config=True, help="set the shell (ROUTER) port [default: random]")
    iopub_port = Integer(0, config=True, help="set the iopub (PUB) port [default: random]")
    stdin_port = Integer(0, config=True, help="set the stdin (ROUTER) port [default: random]")
    control_port = Integer(0, config=True, help="set the control (ROUTER) port [default: random]")
    connection_file = Unicode('', config=True, 
    help="""JSON file in which to store connection info [default: kernel-<pid>.json]
    
    This file will contain the IP, ports, and authentication key needed to connect
    clients to this kernel. By default, this file will be created in the security dir
    of the current profile, but can be specified by absolute path.
    """)
    @property
    def abs_connection_file(self):
        if os.path.basename(self.connection_file) == self.connection_file:
            return os.path.join(self.profile_dir.security_dir, self.connection_file)
        else:
            return self.connection_file
        

    # streams, etc.
    no_stdout = Bool(False, config=True, help="redirect stdout to the null device")
    no_stderr = Bool(False, config=True, help="redirect stderr to the null device")
    outstream_class = DottedObjectName('IPython.kernel.zmq.iostream.OutStream',
        config=True, help="The importstring for the OutStream factory")
    displayhook_class = DottedObjectName('IPython.kernel.zmq.displayhook.ZMQDisplayHook',
        config=True, help="The importstring for the DisplayHook factory")

    # polling
    parent_handle = Integer(0, config=True,
        help="""kill this process if its parent dies.  On Windows, the argument
        specifies the HANDLE of the parent process, otherwise it is simply boolean.
        """)
    interrupt = Integer(0, config=True,
        help="""ONLY USED ON WINDOWS
        Interrupt this process when the parent is signaled.
        """)

    def init_crash_handler(self):
        # Install minimal exception handling
        sys.excepthook = FormattedTB(mode='Verbose', color_scheme='NoColor',
                                     ostream=sys.__stdout__)

    def init_poller(self):
        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            if self.interrupt or self.parent_handle:
                self.poller = ParentPollerWindows(self.interrupt, self.parent_handle)
        elif self.parent_handle:
            self.poller = ParentPollerUnix()

    def _bind_socket(self, s, port):
        iface = '%s://%s' % (self.transport, self.ip)
        if self.transport == 'tcp':
            if port <= 0:
                port = s.bind_to_random_port(iface)
            else:
                s.bind("tcp://%s:%i" % (self.ip, port))
        elif self.transport == 'ipc':
            if port <= 0:
                port = 1
                path = "%s-%i" % (self.ip, port)
                while os.path.exists(path):
                    port = port + 1
                    path = "%s-%i" % (self.ip, port)
            else:
                path = "%s-%i" % (self.ip, port)
            s.bind("ipc://%s" % path)
        return port

    def load_connection_file(self):
        """load ip/port/hmac config from JSON connection file"""
        try:
            fname = filefind(self.connection_file, ['.', self.profile_dir.security_dir])
        except IOError:
            self.log.debug("Connection file not found: %s", self.connection_file)
            # This means I own it, so I will clean it up:
            atexit.register(self.cleanup_connection_file)
            return
        self.log.debug(u"Loading connection file %s", fname)
        with open(fname) as f:
            s = f.read()
        cfg = json.loads(s)
        self.transport = cfg.get('transport', self.transport)
        if self.ip == self._ip_default() and 'ip' in cfg:
            # not overridden by config or cl_args
            self.ip = cfg['ip']
        for channel in ('hb', 'shell', 'iopub', 'stdin', 'control'):
            name = channel + '_port'
            if getattr(self, name) == 0 and name in cfg:
                # not overridden by config or cl_args
                setattr(self, name, cfg[name])
        if 'key' in cfg:
            self.config.Session.key = str_to_bytes(cfg['key'])
    
    def write_connection_file(self):
        """write connection info to JSON file"""
        cf = self.abs_connection_file
        self.log.debug("Writing connection file: %s", cf)
        write_connection_file(cf, ip=self.ip, key=self.session.key, transport=self.transport,
        shell_port=self.shell_port, stdin_port=self.stdin_port, hb_port=self.hb_port,
        iopub_port=self.iopub_port, control_port=self.control_port)
    
    def cleanup_connection_file(self):
        cf = self.abs_connection_file
        self.log.debug("Cleaning up connection file: %s", cf)
        try:
            os.remove(cf)
        except (IOError, OSError):
            pass
        
        self.cleanup_ipc_files()
    
    def cleanup_ipc_files(self):
        """cleanup ipc files if we wrote them"""
        if self.transport != 'ipc':
            return
        for port in (self.shell_port, self.iopub_port, self.stdin_port, self.hb_port, self.control_port):
            ipcfile = "%s-%i" % (self.ip, port)
            try:
                os.remove(ipcfile)
            except (IOError, OSError):
                pass
    
    def init_connection_file(self):
        if not self.connection_file:
            self.connection_file = "kernel-%s.json"%os.getpid()
        try:
            self.load_connection_file()
        except Exception:
            self.log.error("Failed to load connection file: %r", self.connection_file, exc_info=True)
            self.exit(1)
    
    def init_sockets(self):
        # Create a context, a session, and the kernel sockets.
        self.log.info("Starting the kernel at pid: %i", os.getpid())
        context = zmq.Context.instance()
        # Uncomment this to try closing the context.
        # atexit.register(context.term)

        self.shell_socket = context.socket(zmq.ROUTER)
        self.shell_port = self._bind_socket(self.shell_socket, self.shell_port)
        self.log.debug("shell ROUTER Channel on port: %i" % self.shell_port)

        self.iopub_socket = context.socket(zmq.PUB)
        self.iopub_port = self._bind_socket(self.iopub_socket, self.iopub_port)
        self.log.debug("iopub PUB Channel on port: %i" % self.iopub_port)

        self.stdin_socket = context.socket(zmq.ROUTER)
        self.stdin_port = self._bind_socket(self.stdin_socket, self.stdin_port)
        self.log.debug("stdin ROUTER Channel on port: %i" % self.stdin_port)

        self.control_socket = context.socket(zmq.ROUTER)
        self.control_port = self._bind_socket(self.control_socket, self.control_port)
        self.log.debug("control ROUTER Channel on port: %i" % self.control_port)
    
    def init_heartbeat(self):
        """start the heart beating"""
        # heartbeat doesn't share context, because it mustn't be blocked
        # by the GIL, which is accessed by libzmq when freeing zero-copy messages
        hb_ctx = zmq.Context()
        self.heartbeat = Heartbeat(hb_ctx, (self.transport, self.ip, self.hb_port))
        self.hb_port = self.heartbeat.port
        self.log.debug("Heartbeat REP Channel on port: %i" % self.hb_port)
        self.heartbeat.start()
    
    def log_connection_info(self):
        """display connection info, and store ports"""
        basename = os.path.basename(self.connection_file)
        if basename == self.connection_file or \
            os.path.dirname(self.connection_file) == self.profile_dir.security_dir:
            # use shortname
            tail = basename
            if self.profile != 'default':
                tail += " --profile %s" % self.profile
        else:
            tail = self.connection_file
        lines = [
            "To connect another client to this kernel, use:",
            "    --existing %s" % tail,
        ]
        # log connection info
        # info-level, so often not shown.
        # frontends should use the %connect_info magic
        # to see the connection info
        for line in lines:
            self.log.info(line)
        # also raw print to the terminal if no parent_handle (`ipython kernel`)
        if not self.parent_handle:
            for line in lines:
                io.rprint(line)

        self.ports = dict(shell=self.shell_port, iopub=self.iopub_port,
                                stdin=self.stdin_port, hb=self.hb_port,
                                control=self.control_port)

    def init_session(self):
        """create our session object"""
        default_secure(self.config)
        self.session = Session(parent=self, username=u'kernel')

    def init_blackhole(self):
        """redirects stdout/stderr to devnull if necessary"""
        if self.no_stdout or self.no_stderr:
            blackhole = open(os.devnull, 'w')
            if self.no_stdout:
                sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__ = blackhole
            if self.no_stderr:
                sys.stderr = sys.__stderr__ = blackhole
    
    def init_io(self):
        """Redirect input streams and set a display hook."""
        if self.outstream_class:
            outstream_factory = import_item(str(self.outstream_class))
            sys.stdout = outstream_factory(self.session, self.iopub_socket, u'stdout')
            sys.stderr = outstream_factory(self.session, self.iopub_socket, u'stderr')
        if self.displayhook_class:
            displayhook_factory = import_item(str(self.displayhook_class))
            sys.displayhook = displayhook_factory(self.session, self.iopub_socket)

    def init_signal(self):
        signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_IGN)

    def init_kernel(self):
        """Create the Kernel object itself"""
        shell_stream = ZMQStream(self.shell_socket)
        control_stream = ZMQStream(self.control_socket)
        
        kernel_factory = import_item(str(self.kernel_class))

        kernel = kernel_factory(parent=self, session=self.session,
                                shell_streams=[shell_stream, control_stream],
                                iopub_socket=self.iopub_socket,
                                stdin_socket=self.stdin_socket,
                                log=self.log,
                                profile_dir=self.profile_dir,
        )
        kernel.record_ports(self.ports)
        self.kernel = kernel

    def init_gui_pylab(self):
        """Enable GUI event loop integration, taking pylab into account."""

        # Provide a wrapper for :meth:`InteractiveShellApp.init_gui_pylab`
        # to ensure that any exception is printed straight to stderr.
        # Normally _showtraceback associates the reply with an execution,
        # which means frontends will never draw it, as this exception
        # is not associated with any execute request.

        shell = self.shell
        _showtraceback = shell._showtraceback
        try:
            # replace pyerr-sending traceback with stderr
            def print_tb(etype, evalue, stb):
                print ("GUI event loop or pylab initialization failed",
                       file=io.stderr)
                print (shell.InteractiveTB.stb2text(stb), file=io.stderr)
            shell._showtraceback = print_tb
            InteractiveShellApp.init_gui_pylab(self)
        finally:
            shell._showtraceback = _showtraceback

    def init_shell(self):
        self.shell = self.kernel.shell
        self.shell.configurables.append(self)

    @catch_config_error
    def initialize(self, argv=None):
        super(IPKernelApp, self).initialize(argv)
        self.init_blackhole()
        self.init_connection_file()
        self.init_session()
        self.init_poller()
        self.init_sockets()
        self.init_heartbeat()
        # writing/displaying connection info must be *after* init_sockets/heartbeat
        self.log_connection_info()
        self.write_connection_file()
        self.init_io()
        self.init_signal()
        self.init_kernel()
        # shell init steps
        self.init_path()
        self.init_shell()
        self.init_gui_pylab()
        self.init_extensions()
        self.init_code()
        # flush stdout/stderr, so that anything written to these streams during
        # initialization do not get associated with the first execution request
        sys.stdout.flush()
        sys.stderr.flush()

    def start(self):
        if self.poller is not None:
            self.poller.start()
        self.kernel.start()
        try:
            ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            pass


def main():
    """Run an IPKernel as an application"""
    app = IPKernelApp.instance()
    app.initialize()
    app.start()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()