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remove InProcessKernel from top-level kernel.inprocess...
remove InProcessKernel from top-level kernel.inprocess avoid circular import
Martin Spacek - - Load All Authors

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r9455:89fe4319
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Part 2 - Basic Output.ipynb
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Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 {
"metadata": {
"name": "Part 2 - Basic Output"
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Basic Output"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"When a cell is run, it can generate *output*. In IPython, the definition of output is quite general; it can be text, images, LaTeX, HTML or JSON. All output is displayed below the code that generated it, in the *output area*.\n",
"\n",
"This Notebook describes the basics of output and shows how the `stdout/stderr` streams are handled."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Displayhook"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"When a Python object is returned by an expression, Python's `displayhook` mechanism is triggered. In IPython, this results in an output prompt, such as `Out[2]`. These objects are then available under the variables:\n",
"\n",
"* `_` (last output)\n",
"* `__` (second to last output)\n",
"* `_N` (`Out[N]`)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "import numpy as np\n",
"import sys"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 24
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "np.random.rand(10)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 27,
"text": [
"array([ 0.94311014, 0.03500265, 0.59873731, 0.63411734, 0.03642486,\n",
" 0.22090049, 0.33132549, 0.24439398, 0.80084185, 0.25114916])"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 27
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"np.sin(_)"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 28,
"text": [
"array([ 0.80938852, 0.0349955 , 0.56359988, 0.59246668, 0.0364168 ,\n",
" 0.21910832, 0.32529671, 0.24196836, 0.71794236, 0.24851724])"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 28
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"sys.stdout and sys.stderr"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The stdout and stderr streams are displayed as text in the output area."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print(\"hi, stdout\")"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"hi, stdout\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 29
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "from __future__ import print_function\n",
"print('hi, stderr', file=sys.stderr)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stderr",
"text": [
"hi, stderr\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 8
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Output is asynchronous"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"All output is displayed asynchronously as it is generated in the Kernel. If you execute the next cell, you will see the output one piece at a time, not all at the end."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import time, sys\n",
"for i in range(8):\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 " print(i)\n",
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 " time.sleep(0.5)"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"0 "
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"1 "
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"2 "
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"3 "
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"4 "
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"5 "
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"6 "
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"7\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 30
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Large outputs"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"To better handle large outputs, the output area can be collapsed. Run the following cell and then single- or double- click on the active area to the left of the output:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"for i in range(50):\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 " print(i)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n",
"5\n",
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"49\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 4
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Beyond a certain point, output will scroll automatically:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"for i in range(500):\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 " print(2**i - 1)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
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]
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Capturing output with <tt>%%capture</tt>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"IPython has a cell magic, `%%capture`, which captures the stdout/stderr of a cell. With this magic you can discard these streams or store them in a variable."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "from __future__ import print_function\n",
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "import sys"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 9
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"By default, `%%capture` discards these streams. This is a simple way to suppress unwanted output."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%capture\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print('hi, stdout')\n",
"print('hi, stderr', file=sys.stderr)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 10
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"If you specify a name, then stdout/stderr will be stored in an object in your namespace."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%capture captured\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print('hi, stdout')\n",
"print('hi, stderr', file=sys.stderr)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 11
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"captured"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 12,
"text": [
"<IPython.utils.io.CapturedIO at 0x107ea2590>"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 12
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Calling the object writes the output to stdout/stderr as appropriate."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"captured()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"hi, stdout\n"
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stderr",
"text": [
"hi, stderr\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 13
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"captured.stdout"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 14,
"text": [
"'hi, stdout\\n'"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 14
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"captured.stderr"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 15,
"text": [
"'hi, stderr\\n'"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 15
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"`%%capture` only captures stdout/stderr, not other output types, so you can still do plots and use IPython's display system inside `%%capture`"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%pylab inline"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"\n",
Martin Spacek
`IPython.zmq` --> `IPython.kernel.zmq` throughout docs and examples
 r9455 "Welcome to pylab, a matplotlib-based Python environment [backend: module://IPython.kernel.zmq.pylab.backend_inline].\n",
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "For more information, type 'help(pylab)'.\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 16
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%capture wontshutup\n",
"\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print(\"setting up X\")\n",
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "x = np.linspace(0,5,1000)\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print(\"step 2: constructing y-data\")\n",
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "y = np.sin(x)\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print(\"step 3: display info about y\")\n",
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "plt.plot(x,y)\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print(\"okay, I'm done now\")"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "display_data",
"png": 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"text": [
"<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x108356ed0>"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 17
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"wontshutup()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"setting up X\n",
"step 2: constructing y-data\n",
"step 3: display info about y\n",
"okay, I'm done now\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 18
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"And you can selectively disable capturing stdout or stderr by passing `--no-stdout/err`."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%capture cap --no-stderr\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print('hi, stdout')\n",
"print(\"hello, stderr\", file=sys.stderr)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stderr",
"text": [
"hello, stderr"
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stderr",
"text": [
"\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 19
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"cap.stdout"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 20,
"text": [
"'hi, stdout\\n'"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 20
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"cap.stderr"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 21,
"text": [
"''"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 21
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}