IPython/completer.py

"""Word completion for IPython.

This module is a fork of the rlcompleter module in the Python standard
library.  The original enhancements made to rlcompleter have been sent
upstream and were accepted as of Python 2.3, but we need a lot more
functionality specific to IPython, so this module will continue to live as an
IPython-specific utility.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original rlcompleter documentation:

This requires the latest extension to the readline module (the
completes keywords, built-ins and globals in __main__; when completing
NAME.NAME..., it evaluates (!) the expression up to the last dot and
completes its attributes.

It's very cool to do "import string" type "string.", hit the
completion key (twice), and see the list of names defined by the
string module!

Tip: to use the tab key as the completion key, call

    readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")

Notes:

- Exceptions raised by the completer function are *ignored* (and
generally cause the completion to fail).  This is a feature -- since
readline sets the tty device in raw (or cbreak) mode, printing a
traceback wouldn't work well without some complicated hoopla to save,
reset and restore the tty state.

- The evaluation of the NAME.NAME... form may cause arbitrary
application defined code to be executed if an object with a
__getattr__ hook is found.  Since it is the responsibility of the
application (or the user) to enable this feature, I consider this an
acceptable risk.  More complicated expressions (e.g. function calls or
indexing operations) are *not* evaluated.

- GNU readline is also used by the built-in functions input() and
raw_input(), and thus these also benefit/suffer from the completer
features.  Clearly an interactive application can benefit by
specifying its own completer function and using raw_input() for all
its input.

- When the original stdin is not a tty device, GNU readline is never
used, and this module (and the readline module) are silently inactive.

"""

#*****************************************************************************
#
# Since this file is essentially a minimally modified copy of the rlcompleter
# module which is part of the standard Python distribution, I assume that the
# proper procedure is to maintain its copyright as belonging to the Python
# Software Foundation (in addition to my own, for all new code).
#
#       Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation, www.python.org
#       Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fernando Perez. <[e-mail]>
#
#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
#
#*****************************************************************************

import __builtin__
import __main__
import glob
import keyword
import os
import re
import shlex
import sys
import IPython.rlineimpl as readline    

import types

# Python 2.4 offers sets as a builtin
try:
    set([1,2])
except NameError:
    from sets import Set as set

from IPython.genutils import debugx

__all__ = ['Completer','IPCompleter']

def get_class_members(cls):
    ret = dir(cls)
    if hasattr(cls,'__bases__'):
        for base in cls.__bases__:
            ret.extend(get_class_members(base))
    return ret

class Completer:
    def __init__(self,namespace=None,global_namespace=None):
        """Create a new completer for the command line.

        Completer([namespace,global_namespace]) -> completer instance.

        If unspecified, the default namespace where completions are performed
        is __main__ (technically, __main__.__dict__). Namespaces should be
        given as dictionaries.

        An optional second namespace can be given.  This allows the completer
        to handle cases where both the local and global scopes need to be
        distinguished.

        Completer instances should be used as the completion mechanism of
        readline via the set_completer() call:

        readline.set_completer(Completer(my_namespace).complete)
        """

        # some minimal strict typechecks.  For some core data structures, I
        # want actual basic python types, not just anything that looks like
        # one.  This is especially true for namespaces.
        for ns in (namespace,global_namespace):
            if ns is not None and type(ns) != types.DictType:
                raise TypeError,'namespace must be a dictionary'

        # Don't bind to namespace quite yet, but flag whether the user wants a
        # specific namespace or to use __main__.__dict__. This will allow us
        # to bind to __main__.__dict__ at completion time, not now.
        if namespace is None:
            self.use_main_ns = 1
        else:
            self.use_main_ns = 0
            self.namespace = namespace

        # The global namespace, if given, can be bound directly
        if global_namespace is None:
            self.global_namespace = {}
        else:
            self.global_namespace = global_namespace

    def complete(self, text, state):
        """Return the next possible completion for 'text'.

        This is called successively with state == 0, 1, 2, ... until it
        returns None.  The completion should begin with 'text'.

        """
        if self.use_main_ns:
            self.namespace = __main__.__dict__
            
        if state == 0:
            if "." in text:
                self.matches = self.attr_matches(text)
            else:
                self.matches = self.global_matches(text)
        try:
            return self.matches[state]
        except IndexError:
            return None

    def global_matches(self, text):
        """Compute matches when text is a simple name.

        Return a list of all keywords, built-in functions and names currently
        defined in self.namespace or self.global_namespace that match.

        """
        matches = []
        match_append = matches.append
        n = len(text)
        for lst in [keyword.kwlist,
                    __builtin__.__dict__.keys(),
                    self.namespace.keys(),
                    self.global_namespace.keys()]:
            for word in lst:
                if word[:n] == text and word != "__builtins__":
                    match_append(word)
        return matches

    def attr_matches(self, text):
        """Compute matches when text contains a dot.

        Assuming the text is of the form NAME.NAME....[NAME], and is
        evaluatable in self.namespace or self.global_namespace, it will be
        evaluated and its attributes (as revealed by dir()) are used as
        possible completions.  (For class instances, class members are are
        also considered.)

        WARNING: this can still invoke arbitrary C code, if an object
        with a __getattr__ hook is evaluated.

        """
        import re

        # Another option, seems to work great. Catches things like ''.<tab>
        m = re.match(r"(\S+(\.\w+)*)\.(\w*)$", text)

        if not m:
            return []
        
        expr, attr = m.group(1, 3)
        try:
            object = eval(expr, self.namespace)
        except:
            object = eval(expr, self.global_namespace)

        # Start building the attribute list via dir(), and then complete it
        # with a few extra special-purpose calls.
        words = dir(object)

        if hasattr(object,'__class__'):
            words.append('__class__')
            words.extend(get_class_members(object.__class__))

        # this is the 'dir' function for objects with Enthought's traits
        if hasattr(object, 'trait_names'):
            try:
                words.extend(object.trait_names())
                # eliminate possible duplicates, as some traits may also
                # appear as normal attributes in the dir() call.
                words = set(words)
            except TypeError:
                # This will happen if `object` is a class and not an instance.
                pass

        # Support for PyCrust-style _getAttributeNames magic method.
        if hasattr(object, '_getAttributeNames'):
            try:
                words.extend(object._getAttributeNames())
                # Eliminate duplicates.
                words = set(words)
            except TypeError:
                # `object` is a class and not an instance.  Ignore
                # this error.
                pass

        # filter out non-string attributes which may be stuffed by dir() calls
        # and poor coding in third-party modules
        words = [w for w in words
                 if isinstance(w, basestring) and w != "__builtins__"]
        # Build match list to return
        n = len(attr)
        return ["%s.%s" % (expr, w) for w in words if w[:n] == attr ]

class IPCompleter(Completer):
    """Extension of the completer class with IPython-specific features"""

    def __init__(self,shell,namespace=None,global_namespace=None,
                 omit__names=0,alias_table=None):
        """IPCompleter() -> completer

        Return a completer object suitable for use by the readline library
        via readline.set_completer().

        Inputs:

        - shell: a pointer to the ipython shell itself.  This is needed
        because this completer knows about magic functions, and those can
        only be accessed via the ipython instance.

        - namespace: an optional dict where completions are performed.

        - global_namespace: secondary optional dict for completions, to
        handle cases (such as IPython embedded inside functions) where
        both Python scopes are visible.

        - The optional omit__names parameter sets the completer to omit the
        'magic' names (__magicname__) for python objects unless the text
        to be completed explicitly starts with one or more underscores.

        - If alias_table is supplied, it should be a dictionary of aliases
        to complete. """

        Completer.__init__(self,namespace,global_namespace)
        self.magic_prefix = shell.name+'.magic_'
        self.magic_escape = shell.ESC_MAGIC
        self.readline = readline
        delims = self.readline.get_completer_delims()
        delims = delims.replace(self.magic_escape,'')
        self.readline.set_completer_delims(delims)
        self.get_line_buffer = self.readline.get_line_buffer
        self.omit__names = omit__names
        self.merge_completions = shell.rc.readline_merge_completions

        if alias_table is None:
            alias_table = {}
        self.alias_table = alias_table
        # Regexp to split filenames with spaces in them
        self.space_name_re = re.compile(r'([^\\] )')
        # Hold a local ref. to glob.glob for speed
        self.glob = glob.glob

        # Determine if we are running on 'dumb' terminals, like (X)Emacs
        # buffers, to avoid completion problems.
        term = os.environ.get('TERM','xterm')
        self.dumb_terminal = term in ['dumb','emacs']
        
        # Special handling of backslashes needed in win32 platforms
        if sys.platform == "win32":
            self.clean_glob = self._clean_glob_win32
        else:
            self.clean_glob = self._clean_glob
        self.matchers = [self.python_matches,
                         self.file_matches,
                         self.alias_matches,
                         self.python_func_kw_matches]

    # Code contributed by Alex Schmolck, for ipython/emacs integration
    def all_completions(self, text):
        """Return all possible completions for the benefit of emacs."""

        completions = []
        comp_append = completions.append
        try:
            for i in xrange(sys.maxint):
                res = self.complete(text, i)

                if not res: break

                comp_append(res)
        #XXX workaround for ``notDefined.<tab>``
        except NameError:
            pass
        return completions
    # /end Alex Schmolck code.

    def _clean_glob(self,text):
        return self.glob("%s*" % text)

    def _clean_glob_win32(self,text):
        return [f.replace("\\","/")
                for f in self.glob("%s*" % text)]            

    def file_matches(self, text):
        """Match filneames, expanding ~USER type strings.

        Most of the seemingly convoluted logic in this completer is an
        attempt to handle filenames with spaces in them.  And yet it's not
        quite perfect, because Python's readline doesn't expose all of the
        GNU readline details needed for this to be done correctly.

        For a filename with a space in it, the printed completions will be
        only the parts after what's already been typed (instead of the
        full completions, as is normally done).  I don't think with the
        current (as of Python 2.3) Python readline it's possible to do
        better."""

        #print 'Completer->file_matches: <%s>' % text # dbg

        # chars that require escaping with backslash - i.e. chars
        # that readline treats incorrectly as delimiters, but we
        # don't want to treat as delimiters in filename matching
        # when escaped with backslash

        protectables = ' ()[]{}'

        def protect_filename(s):
            return "".join([(ch in protectables and '\\' + ch or ch)
                            for ch in s])
        
        lbuf = self.lbuf
        open_quotes = 0  # track strings with open quotes
        try:
            lsplit = shlex.split(lbuf)[-1]
        except ValueError:
            # typically an unmatched ", or backslash without escaped char.
            if lbuf.count('"')==1:
                open_quotes = 1
                lsplit = lbuf.split('"')[-1]
            elif lbuf.count("'")==1:
                open_quotes = 1
                lsplit = lbuf.split("'")[-1]
            else:
                return None
        except IndexError:
            # tab pressed on empty line
            lsplit = ""

        if lsplit != protect_filename(lsplit):
            # if protectables are found, do matching on the whole escaped
            # name
            has_protectables = 1
            text0,text = text,lsplit
        else:
            has_protectables = 0
            text = os.path.expanduser(text)

        if text == "":
            return [protect_filename(f) for f in self.glob("*")]

        m0 = self.clean_glob(text.replace('\\',''))
        if has_protectables:
            # If we had protectables, we need to revert our changes to the
            # beginning of filename so that we don't double-write the part
            # of the filename we have so far
            len_lsplit = len(lsplit)
            matches = [text0 + protect_filename(f[len_lsplit:]) for f in m0]
        else:
            if open_quotes:
                # if we have a string with an open quote, we don't need to
                # protect the names at all (and we _shouldn't_, as it
                # would cause bugs when the filesystem call is made).
                matches = m0
            else:
                matches = [protect_filename(f) for f in m0]
        if len(matches) == 1 and os.path.isdir(matches[0]):
            # Takes care of links to directories also.  Use '/'
            # explicitly, even under Windows, so that name completions
            # don't end up escaped.
            matches[0] += '/'
        return matches

    def alias_matches(self, text):
        """Match internal system aliases"""        
        #print 'Completer->alias_matches:',text,'lb',self.lbuf # dbg
        
        # if we are not in the first 'item', alias matching 
        # doesn't make sense
        if ' ' in self.lbuf:
            return []
        text = os.path.expanduser(text)
        aliases =  self.alias_table.keys()
        if text == "":
            return aliases
        else:
            return [alias for alias in aliases if alias.startswith(text)]

    def python_matches(self,text):
        """Match attributes or global python names"""

        #print 'Completer->python_matches, txt=<%s>' % text # dbg
        if "." in text:
            try:
                matches = self.attr_matches(text)
                if text.endswith('.') and self.omit__names:
                    if self.omit__names == 1:
                        # true if txt is _not_ a __ name, false otherwise:
                        no__name = (lambda txt:
                                    re.match(r'.*\.__.*?__',txt) is None)
                    else:
                        # true if txt is _not_ a _ name, false otherwise:
                        no__name = (lambda txt:
                                    re.match(r'.*\._.*?',txt) is None)
                    matches = filter(no__name, matches)
            except NameError:
                # catches <undefined attributes>.<tab>
                matches = []
        else:
            matches = self.global_matches(text)
            # this is so completion finds magics when automagic is on:
            if (matches == [] and 
                 not text.startswith(os.sep) and
                 not ' ' in self.lbuf):
                matches = self.attr_matches(self.magic_prefix+text)
        return matches

    def _default_arguments(self, obj):
        """Return the list of default arguments of obj if it is callable,
        or empty list otherwise."""

        if not (inspect.isfunction(obj) or inspect.ismethod(obj)):
            # for classes, check for __init__,__new__
            if inspect.isclass(obj):
                obj = (getattr(obj,'__init__',None) or
                       getattr(obj,'__new__',None))
            # for all others, check if they are __call__able
            elif hasattr(obj, '__call__'):
                obj = obj.__call__
            # XXX: is there a way to handle the builtins ?
        try:
            args,_,_1,defaults = inspect.getargspec(obj)
            if defaults:
                return args[-len(defaults):]
        except TypeError: pass
        return []

    def python_func_kw_matches(self,text):
        """Match named parameters (kwargs) of the last open function"""

        if "." in text: # a parameter cannot be dotted
            return []
        try: regexp = self.__funcParamsRegex
        except AttributeError:
            regexp = self.__funcParamsRegex = re.compile(r'''
                '.*?' |    # single quoted strings or
                ".*?" |    # double quoted strings or
                \w+   |    # identifier
                \S         # other characters
                ''', re.VERBOSE | re.DOTALL)
        # 1. find the nearest identifier that comes before an unclosed
        # parenthesis e.g. for "foo (1+bar(x), pa", the candidate is "foo"
        tokens = regexp.findall(self.get_line_buffer())
        tokens.reverse()
        iterTokens = iter(tokens); openPar = 0
        for token in iterTokens:
            if token == ')':
                openPar -= 1
            elif token == '(':
                openPar += 1
                if openPar > 0:
                    # found the last unclosed parenthesis
                    break
        else:
            return []
        # 2. Concatenate dotted names ("foo.bar" for "foo.bar(x, pa" )
        ids = []
        isId = re.compile(r'\w+$').match
        while True:
            try:
                ids.append(iterTokens.next())
                if not isId(ids[-1]):
                    ids.pop(); break
                if not iterTokens.next() == '.':
                    break
            except StopIteration:
                break
        # lookup the candidate callable matches either using global_matches
        # or attr_matches for dotted names
        if len(ids) == 1:
            callableMatches = self.global_matches(ids[0])
        else:
            callableMatches = self.attr_matches('.'.join(ids[::-1]))
        argMatches = []
        for callableMatch in callableMatches:
            try: namedArgs = self._default_arguments(eval(callableMatch,
                                                         self.namespace))
            except: continue
            for namedArg in namedArgs:
                if namedArg.startswith(text):
                    argMatches.append("%s=" %namedArg)
        return argMatches

    def complete(self, text, state):
        """Return the next possible completion for 'text'.

        This is called successively with state == 0, 1, 2, ... until it
        returns None.  The completion should begin with 'text'.  """

        #print '\n*** COMPLETE: <%s> (%s)' % (text,state)  # dbg

        # if there is only a tab on a line with only whitespace, instead
        # of the mostly useless 'do you want to see all million
        # completions' message, just do the right thing and give the user
        # his tab!  Incidentally, this enables pasting of tabbed text from
        # an editor (as long as autoindent is off).

        # don't apply this on 'dumb' terminals, such as emacs buffers, so we
        # don't interfere with their own tab-completion mechanism.
        self.lbuf = self.get_line_buffer()[:self.readline.get_endidx()]
        if not (self.dumb_terminal or self.get_line_buffer().strip()):
            self.readline.insert_text('\t')
            return None

        magic_escape = self.magic_escape
        magic_prefix = self.magic_prefix

        try:
            if text.startswith(magic_escape):
                text = text.replace(magic_escape,magic_prefix)
            elif text.startswith('~'):
                text = os.path.expanduser(text)
            if state == 0:
                # Extend the list of completions with the results of each
                # matcher, so we return results to the user from all
                # namespaces.
                if self.merge_completions:
                    self.matches = []
                    for matcher in self.matchers:
                        self.matches.extend(matcher(text))
                else:
                    for matcher in self.matchers:
                        self.matches = matcher(text)
                        if self.matches:
                            break

            try:
                return self.matches[state].replace(magic_prefix,magic_escape)
            except IndexError:
                return None
        except:
            #from IPython.ultraTB import AutoFormattedTB; # dbg
            #tb=AutoFormattedTB('Verbose');tb() #dbg

            # If completion fails, don't annoy the user.
            return None