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add --no-display flag to %%capture...
add --no-display flag to %%capture document this new magic in whatsnew, and added docs to the resulting object.
MinRK - - Load All Authors

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r11536:5efd3e11
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Part 2 - Basic Output.ipynb
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Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 {
"metadata": {
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "name": ""
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 },
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Basic Output"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"When a cell is run, it can generate *output*. In IPython, the definition of output is quite general; it can be text, images, LaTeX, HTML or JSON. All output is displayed below the code that generated it, in the *output area*.\n",
"\n",
"This Notebook describes the basics of output and shows how the `stdout/stderr` streams are handled."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Displayhook"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"When a Python object is returned by an expression, Python's `displayhook` mechanism is triggered. In IPython, this results in an output prompt, such as `Out[2]`. These objects are then available under the variables:\n",
"\n",
"* `_` (last output)\n",
"* `__` (second to last output)\n",
"* `_N` (`Out[N]`)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "import numpy as np\n",
"import sys"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "prompt_number": 1
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 },
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "np.random.rand(10)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "metadata": {},
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "output_type": "pyout",
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "prompt_number": 2,
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "text": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "array([ 0.75222263, 0.72102181, 0.15122973, 0.00386071, 0.21584229,\n",
" 0.72508214, 0.16864276, 0.96639874, 0.92500381, 0.30806583])"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ]
}
],
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "prompt_number": 2
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 },
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"np.sin(_)"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "metadata": {},
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "output_type": "pyout",
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "prompt_number": 3,
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "text": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "array([ 0.68326335, 0.66015253, 0.15065394, 0.0038607 , 0.21417025,\n",
" 0.66319692, 0.16784452, 0.82284458, 0.79862306, 0.3032161 ])"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ]
}
],
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "prompt_number": 3
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 },
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"sys.stdout and sys.stderr"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The stdout and stderr streams are displayed as text in the output area."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print(\"hi, stdout\")"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"hi, stdout\n"
]
}
],
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "prompt_number": 4
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 },
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "from __future__ import print_function\n",
"print('hi, stderr', file=sys.stderr)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stderr",
"text": [
"hi, stderr\n"
]
}
],
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "prompt_number": 5
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 },
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Output is asynchronous"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"All output is displayed asynchronously as it is generated in the Kernel. If you execute the next cell, you will see the output one piece at a time, not all at the end."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import time, sys\n",
"for i in range(8):\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 " print(i)\n",
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 " time.sleep(0.5)"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "0\n",
"1"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "\n",
"2"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "\n",
"3"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "\n",
"4"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "\n",
"5"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "\n",
"6"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "\n",
"7"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "\n"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ]
}
],
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "prompt_number": 6
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 },
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Large outputs"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"To better handle large outputs, the output area can be collapsed. Run the following cell and then single- or double- click on the active area to the left of the output:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"for i in range(50):\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 " print(i)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"0\n",
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]
}
],
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "prompt_number": 7
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 },
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Beyond a certain point, output will scroll automatically:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"for i in range(500):\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 " print(2**i - 1)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
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]
}
],
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "prompt_number": 8
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 },
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Capturing output with <tt>%%capture</tt>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"IPython has a cell magic, `%%capture`, which captures the stdout/stderr of a cell. With this magic you can discard these streams or store them in a variable."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "from __future__ import print_function\n",
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "import sys"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 9
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"By default, `%%capture` discards these streams. This is a simple way to suppress unwanted output."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%capture\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print('hi, stdout')\n",
"print('hi, stderr', file=sys.stderr)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 10
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"If you specify a name, then stdout/stderr will be stored in an object in your namespace."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%capture captured\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print('hi, stdout')\n",
"print('hi, stderr', file=sys.stderr)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 11
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"captured"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "metadata": {},
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 12,
"text": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "<IPython.utils.io.CapturedIO at 0x103cf9190>"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ]
}
],
"prompt_number": 12
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Calling the object writes the output to stdout/stderr as appropriate."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"captured()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"hi, stdout\n"
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stderr",
"text": [
"hi, stderr\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 13
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"captured.stdout"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "metadata": {},
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 14,
"text": [
"'hi, stdout\\n'"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 14
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"captured.stderr"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "metadata": {},
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 15,
"text": [
"'hi, stderr\\n'"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 15
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"`%%capture` only captures stdout/stderr, not other output types, so you can still do plots and use IPython's display system inside `%%capture`"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "%matplotlib inline\n",
"import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
"import numpy as np"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
MinRK
re-run example notebooks without `%pylab`...
 r11536 "outputs": [],
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "prompt_number": 16
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%capture wontshutup\n",
"\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print(\"setting up X\")\n",
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "x = np.linspace(0,5,1000)\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print(\"step 2: constructing y-data\")\n",
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "y = np.sin(x)\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print(\"step 3: display info about y\")\n",
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 "plt.plot(x,y)\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print(\"okay, I'm done now\")"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "display_data",
"png": 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"text": [
"<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x108356ed0>"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 17
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"wontshutup()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"setting up X\n",
"step 2: constructing y-data\n",
"step 3: display info about y\n",
"okay, I'm done now\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 18
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"And you can selectively disable capturing stdout or stderr by passing `--no-stdout/err`."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%capture cap --no-stderr\n",
Thomas Kluyver
More changes to example notebooks for Python 3 compatibility
 r9198 "print('hi, stdout')\n",
"print(\"hello, stderr\", file=sys.stderr)"
Brian Granger
First go and reorganizing the examples.
 r9191 ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stderr",
"text": [
"hello, stderr"
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stderr",
"text": [
"\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 19
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"cap.stdout"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 20,
"text": [
"'hi, stdout\\n'"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 20
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"cap.stderr"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 21,
"text": [
"''"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 21
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}