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Trapezoid Rule.ipynb
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Brian E. Granger
Moving examples.
r16076 {
"metadata": {
Brian E. Granger
Minor changes to nb examples
r16104 "name": "",
"signature": "sha256:cbf49a9ceac0258773ae0a652e9ac7c13e0d042debbf0115cdc081862b5f7308"
Brian E. Granger
Moving examples.
r16076 },
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Basic Numerical Integration: the Trapezoid Rule"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"A simple illustration of the trapezoid rule for definite integration:\n",
"\n",
"$$\n",
"\\int_{a}^{b} f(x)\\, dx \\approx \\frac{1}{2} \\sum_{k=1}^{N} \\left( x_{k} - x_{k-1} \\right) \\left( f(x_{k}) + f(x_{k-1}) \\right).\n",
"$$\n",
"<br>\n",
"First, we define a simple function and sample it between 0 and 10 at 200 points"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%matplotlib inline\n",
"import numpy as np\n",
"import matplotlib.pyplot as plt"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 1
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": true,
"input": [
"def f(x):\n",
" return (x-3)*(x-5)*(x-7)+85\n",
"\n",
"x = np.linspace(0, 10, 200)\n",
"y = f(x)"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 2
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Choose a region to integrate over and take only a few points in that region"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": true,
"input": [
"a, b = 1, 9\n",
"xint = x[np.logical_and(x>=a, x<=b)][::30]\n",
"yint = y[np.logical_and(x>=a, x<=b)][::30]"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 3
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Plot both the function and the area below it in the trapezoid approximation"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"plt.plot(x, y, lw=2)\n",
"plt.axis([0, 10, 0, 140])\n",
"plt.fill_between(xint, 0, yint, facecolor='gray', alpha=0.4)\n",
"plt.text(0.5 * (a + b), 30,r\"$\\int_a^b f(x)dx$\", horizontalalignment='center', fontsize=20);"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data",
Brian E. Granger
Minor changes to nb examples
r16104 "png": 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Mmer24sUNg72mz963b18JdiFEmzFpDdXKykqOHTvG3//+d4YPH878+fOva8Ho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\nG2+8ccNlJoVoCx2y537oEBw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Brian E. Granger
Moving examples.
r16076 "text": [
Brian E. Granger
Minor changes to nb examples
r16104 "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x107d67b90>"
Brian E. Granger
Moving examples.
r16076 ]
}
],
"prompt_number": 4
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Compute the integral both at high accuracy and with the trapezoid approximation"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"from __future__ import print_function\n",
"from scipy.integrate import quad, trapz\n",
"integral, error = quad(f, 1, 9)\n",
"print(\"The integral is:\", integral, \"+/-\", error)\n",
"print(\"The trapezoid approximation with\", len(xint), \"points is:\", trapz(yint, xint))"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"The integral is: 680.0 +/- 7.54951656745e-12\n",
"The trapezoid approximation with 6 points is: 621.286411141\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 5
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}