IPython/html/base/zmqhandlers.py

# coding: utf-8
"""Tornado handlers for WebSocket <-> ZMQ sockets."""

# Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.

import json
import struct

try:
    from urllib.parse import urlparse # Py 3
except ImportError:
    from urlparse import urlparse # Py 2

import tornado
from tornado import gen, ioloop, web, websocket

from IPython.kernel.zmq.session import Session
from IPython.utils.jsonutil import date_default, extract_dates
from IPython.utils.py3compat import cast_unicode

from .handlers import IPythonHandler


def serialize_binary_message(msg):
    """serialize a message as a binary blob

    Header:

    4 bytes: number of msg parts (nbufs) as 32b int
    4 * nbufs bytes: offset for each buffer as integer as 32b int

    Offsets are from the start of the buffer, including the header.

    Returns
    -------

    The message serialized to bytes.

    """
    # don't modify msg or buffer list in-place
    msg = msg.copy()
    buffers = list(msg.pop('buffers'))
    bmsg = json.dumps(msg, default=date_default).encode('utf8')
    buffers.insert(0, bmsg)
    nbufs = len(buffers)
    offsets = [4 * (nbufs + 1)]
    for buf in buffers[:-1]:
        offsets.append(offsets[-1] + len(buf))
    offsets_buf = struct.pack('!' + 'I' * (nbufs + 1), nbufs, *offsets)
    buffers.insert(0, offsets_buf)
    return b''.join(buffers)


def deserialize_binary_message(bmsg):
    """deserialize a message from a binary blog

    Header:

    4 bytes: number of msg parts (nbufs) as 32b int
    4 * nbufs bytes: offset for each buffer as integer as 32b int

    Offsets are from the start of the buffer, including the header.

    Returns
    -------

    message dictionary
    """
    nbufs = struct.unpack('!i', bmsg[:4])[0]
    offsets = list(struct.unpack('!' + 'I' * nbufs, bmsg[4:4*(nbufs+1)]))
    offsets.append(None)
    bufs = []
    for start, stop in zip(offsets[:-1], offsets[1:]):
        bufs.append(bmsg[start:stop])
    msg = json.loads(bufs[0].decode('utf8'))
    msg['header'] = extract_dates(msg['header'])
    msg['parent_header'] = extract_dates(msg['parent_header'])
    msg['buffers'] = bufs[1:]
    return msg


class ZMQStreamHandler(websocket.WebSocketHandler):
    
    def check_origin(self, origin):
        """Check Origin == Host or Access-Control-Allow-Origin.
        
        Tornado >= 4 calls this method automatically, raising 403 if it returns False.
        We call it explicitly in `open` on Tornado < 4.
        """
        if self.allow_origin == '*':
            return True

        host = self.request.headers.get("Host")

        # If no header is provided, assume we can't verify origin
        if origin is None:
            self.log.warn("Missing Origin header, rejecting WebSocket connection.")
            return False
        if host is None:
            self.log.warn("Missing Host header, rejecting WebSocket connection.")
            return False
        
        origin = origin.lower()
        origin_host = urlparse(origin).netloc
        
        # OK if origin matches host
        if origin_host == host:
            return True
        
        # Check CORS headers
        if self.allow_origin:
            allow = self.allow_origin == origin
        elif self.allow_origin_pat:
            allow = bool(self.allow_origin_pat.match(origin))
        else:
            # No CORS headers deny the request
            allow = False
        if not allow:
            self.log.warn("Blocking Cross Origin WebSocket Attempt.  Origin: %s, Host: %s",
                origin, host,
            )
        return allow

    def clear_cookie(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """meaningless for websockets"""
        pass

    def _reserialize_reply(self, msg_list):
        """Reserialize a reply message using JSON.

        This takes the msg list from the ZMQ socket, deserializes it using
        self.session and then serializes the result using JSON. This method
        should be used by self._on_zmq_reply to build messages that can
        be sent back to the browser.
        """
        idents, msg_list = self.session.feed_identities(msg_list)
        msg = self.session.deserialize(msg_list)
        if msg['buffers']:
            buf = serialize_binary_message(msg)
            return buf
        else:
            smsg = json.dumps(msg, default=date_default)
            return cast_unicode(smsg)

    def _on_zmq_reply(self, msg_list):
        # Sometimes this gets triggered when the on_close method is scheduled in the
        # eventloop but hasn't been called.
        if self.stream.closed(): return
        try:
            msg = self._reserialize_reply(msg_list)
        except Exception:
            self.log.critical("Malformed message: %r" % msg_list, exc_info=True)
        else:
            self.write_message(msg, binary=isinstance(msg, bytes))

    def allow_draft76(self):
        """Allow draft 76, until browsers such as Safari update to RFC 6455.
        
        This has been disabled by default in tornado in release 2.2.0, and
        support will be removed in later versions.
        """
        return True

# ping interval for keeping websockets alive (30 seconds)
WS_PING_INTERVAL = 30000

class AuthenticatedZMQStreamHandler(ZMQStreamHandler, IPythonHandler):
    ping_callback = None
    last_ping = 0
    last_pong = 0
    
    @property
    def ping_interval(self):
        """The interval for websocket keep-alive pings.
        
        Set ws_ping_interval = 0 to disable pings.
        """
        return self.settings.get('ws_ping_interval', WS_PING_INTERVAL)
    
    @property
    def ping_timeout(self):
        """If no ping is received in this many milliseconds,
        close the websocket connection (VPNs, etc. can fail to cleanly close ws connections).
        Default is max of 3 pings or 30 seconds.
        """
        return self.settings.get('ws_ping_timeout',
            max(3 * self.ping_interval, WS_PING_INTERVAL)
        )

    def set_default_headers(self):
        """Undo the set_default_headers in IPythonHandler
        
        which doesn't make sense for websockets
        """
        pass
    
    def pre_get(self):
        """Run before finishing the GET request
        
        Extend this method to add logic that should fire before
        the websocket finishes completing.
        """
        # Check to see that origin matches host directly, including ports
        # Tornado 4 already does CORS checking
        if tornado.version_info[0] < 4:
            if not self.check_origin(self.get_origin()):
                raise web.HTTPError(403)
        
        # authenticate the request before opening the websocket
        if self.get_current_user() is None:
            self.log.warn("Couldn't authenticate WebSocket connection")
            raise web.HTTPError(403)
        
        if self.get_argument('session_id', False):
            self.session.session = cast_unicode(self.get_argument('session_id'))
        else:
            self.log.warn("No session ID specified")
    
    @gen.coroutine
    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # pre_get can be a coroutine in subclasses
        # assign and yield in two step to avoid tornado 3 issues
        res = self.pre_get()
        yield gen.maybe_future(res)
        # FIXME: only do super get on tornado ≥ 4
        # tornado 3 has no get, will raise 405
        if tornado.version_info >= (4,):
            super(AuthenticatedZMQStreamHandler, self).get(*args, **kwargs)
    
    def initialize(self):
        self.log.debug("Initializing websocket connection %s", self.request.path)
        self.session = Session(config=self.config)
    
    def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.log.debug("Opening websocket %s", self.request.path)
        if tornado.version_info < (4,):
            try:
                self.get(*self.open_args, **self.open_kwargs)
            except web.HTTPError:
                self.close()
                raise
        
        # start the pinging
        if self.ping_interval > 0:
            self.last_ping = ioloop.IOLoop.instance().time()  # Remember time of last ping
            self.last_pong = self.last_ping
            self.ping_callback = ioloop.PeriodicCallback(self.send_ping, self.ping_interval)
            self.ping_callback.start()

    def send_ping(self):
        """send a ping to keep the websocket alive"""
        if self.stream.closed() and self.ping_callback is not None:
            self.ping_callback.stop()
            return
        
        # check for timeout on pong.  Make sure that we really have sent a recent ping in
        # case the machine with both server and client has been suspended since the last ping.
        now = ioloop.IOLoop.instance().time()
        since_last_pong = 1e3 * (now - self.last_pong)
        since_last_ping = 1e3 * (now - self.last_ping)
        if since_last_ping < 2*self.ping_interval and since_last_pong > self.ping_timeout:
            self.log.warn("WebSocket ping timeout after %i ms.", since_last_pong)
            self.close()
            return

        self.ping(b'')
        self.last_ping = now

    def on_pong(self, data):
        self.last_pong = ioloop.IOLoop.instance().time()