From 748d7071a25a4b9590c6bea7b66fdda64b037bd0 2017-01-06 13:19:12
From: Thomas Kluyver <takowl@gmail.com>
Date: 2017-01-06 13:19:12
Subject: [PATCH] Merge pull request #10105 from srinivasreddy/dead_code

Convert iteritems() to items()
---

diff --git a/IPython/core/alias.py b/IPython/core/alias.py
index 28a9ccb..ee377d5 100644
--- a/IPython/core/alias.py
+++ b/IPython/core/alias.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import sys
 from traitlets.config.configurable import Configurable
 from IPython.core.error import UsageError
 
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import string_types
 from traitlets import List, Instance
 from logging import error
 
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ class Alias(object):
                 raise InvalidAliasError("The name %s can't be aliased "
                                         "because it is another magic command." % self.name)
 
-        if not (isinstance(self.cmd, string_types)):
+        if not (isinstance(self.cmd, str)):
             raise InvalidAliasError("An alias command must be a string, "
                                     "got: %r" % self.cmd)
 
diff --git a/IPython/core/application.py b/IPython/core/application.py
index 1801627..d6ad998 100644
--- a/IPython/core/application.py
+++ b/IPython/core/application.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class BaseIPythonApplication(Application):
     config_file_paths = List(Unicode())
     @default('config_file_paths')
     def _config_file_paths_default(self):
-        return [py3compat.getcwd()]
+        return [os.getcwd()]
 
     extra_config_file = Unicode(
     help="""Path to an extra config file to load.
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class BaseIPythonApplication(Application):
         super(BaseIPythonApplication, self).__init__(**kwargs)
         # ensure current working directory exists
         try:
-            py3compat.getcwd()
+            os.getcwd()
         except:
             # exit if cwd doesn't exist
             self.log.error("Current working directory doesn't exist.")
diff --git a/IPython/core/builtin_trap.py b/IPython/core/builtin_trap.py
index b3c9fdf..b9d4e95 100644
--- a/IPython/core/builtin_trap.py
+++ b/IPython/core/builtin_trap.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Authors:
 
 from traitlets.config.configurable import Configurable
 
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import builtin_mod, iteritems
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import builtin_mod
 from traitlets import Instance
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ class BuiltinTrap(Configurable):
         """Store ipython references in the __builtin__ namespace."""
 
         add_builtin = self.add_builtin
-        for name, func in iteritems(self.auto_builtins):
+        for name, func in self.auto_builtins.items():
             add_builtin(name, func)
 
     def deactivate(self):
         """Remove any builtins which might have been added by add_builtins, or
         restore overwritten ones to their previous values."""
         remove_builtin = self.remove_builtin
-        for key, val in iteritems(self._orig_builtins):
+        for key, val in self._orig_builtins.items():
             remove_builtin(key, val)
         self._orig_builtins.clear()
         self._builtins_added = False
diff --git a/IPython/core/completer.py b/IPython/core/completer.py
index cc822c1..3e2ab79 100644
--- a/IPython/core/completer.py
+++ b/IPython/core/completer.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ from IPython.utils import generics
 from IPython.utils.decorators import undoc
 from IPython.utils.dir2 import dir2, get_real_method
 from IPython.utils.process import arg_split
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import builtin_mod, string_types, PY3, cast_unicode_py2
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import builtin_mod, PY3, cast_unicode_py2
 from traitlets import Bool, Enum, observe
 
 from functools import wraps
@@ -423,14 +423,14 @@ def get__all__entries(obj):
     except:
         return []
     
-    return [cast_unicode_py2(w) for w in words if isinstance(w, string_types)]
+    return [cast_unicode_py2(w) for w in words if isinstance(w, str)]
 
 
 def match_dict_keys(keys, prefix, delims):
     """Used by dict_key_matches, matching the prefix to a list of keys"""
     if not prefix:
         return None, 0, [repr(k) for k in keys
-                      if isinstance(k, (string_types, bytes))]
+                      if isinstance(k, (str, bytes))]
     quote_match = re.search('["\']', prefix)
     quote = quote_match.group()
     try:
diff --git a/IPython/core/completerlib.py b/IPython/core/completerlib.py
index ba44e1e..5aa3686 100644
--- a/IPython/core/completerlib.py
+++ b/IPython/core/completerlib.py
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ from zipimport import zipimporter
 from IPython.core.completer import expand_user, compress_user
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext
 from IPython.utils._process_common import arg_split
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import string_types
 
 # FIXME: this should be pulled in with the right call via the component system
 from IPython import get_ipython
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ def try_import(mod, only_modules=False):
     completions.extend(getattr(m, '__all__', []))
     if m_is_init:
         completions.extend(module_list(os.path.dirname(m.__file__)))
-    completions = {c for c in completions if isinstance(c, string_types)}
+    completions = {c for c in completions if isinstance(c, str)}
     completions.discard('__init__')
     return list(completions)
 
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ def quick_completer(cmd, completions):
         [d:\ipython]|3> foo ba
     """
 
-    if isinstance(completions, string_types):
+    if isinstance(completions, str):
         completions = completions.split()
 
     def do_complete(self, event):
diff --git a/IPython/core/crashhandler.py b/IPython/core/crashhandler.py
index c85c766..a6a74e8 100644
--- a/IPython/core/crashhandler.py
+++ b/IPython/core/crashhandler.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from pprint import pformat
 from IPython.core import ultratb
 from IPython.core.release import author_email
 from IPython.utils.sysinfo import sys_info
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import input, getcwd
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import input
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ class CrashHandler(object):
         try:
             rptdir = self.app.ipython_dir
         except:
-            rptdir = getcwd()
+            rptdir = os.getcwd()
         if rptdir is None or not os.path.isdir(rptdir):
-            rptdir = getcwd()
+            rptdir = os.getcwd()
         report_name = os.path.join(rptdir,self.crash_report_fname)
         # write the report filename into the instance dict so it can get
         # properly expanded out in the user message template
diff --git a/IPython/core/display.py b/IPython/core/display.py
index dbbff3e..c94b0b1 100644
--- a/IPython/core/display.py
+++ b/IPython/core/display.py
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ import struct
 import sys
 import warnings
 
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import (string_types, cast_bytes_py2, cast_unicode,
-                                     unicode_type)
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import cast_bytes_py2, cast_unicode
 from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
 
 __all__ = ['display', 'display_pretty', 'display_html', 'display_markdown',
@@ -481,7 +480,7 @@ class DisplayObject(object):
         filename : unicode
             Path to a local file to load the data from.
         """
-        if data is not None and isinstance(data, string_types):
+        if data is not None and isinstance(data, str):
             if data.startswith('http') and url is None:
                 url = data
                 filename = None
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ class DisplayObject(object):
 
         self.data = data
         self.url = url
-        self.filename = None if filename is None else unicode_type(filename)
+        self.filename = filename
 
         self.reload()
         self._check_data()
@@ -539,7 +538,7 @@ class DisplayObject(object):
 class TextDisplayObject(DisplayObject):
     """Validate that display data is text"""
     def _check_data(self):
-        if self.data is not None and not isinstance(self.data, string_types):
+        if self.data is not None and not isinstance(self.data, str):
             raise TypeError("%s expects text, not %r" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.data))
 
 class Pretty(TextDisplayObject):
@@ -657,7 +656,7 @@ class JSON(DisplayObject):
 
     @data.setter
     def data(self, data):
-        if isinstance(data, string_types):
+        if isinstance(data, str):
             warnings.warn("JSON expects JSONable dict or list, not JSON strings")
             data = json.loads(data)
         self._data = data
@@ -715,11 +714,11 @@ class Javascript(TextDisplayObject):
             The full URLs of the css files should be given. A single css URL
             can also be given as a string.
         """
-        if isinstance(lib, string_types):
+        if isinstance(lib, str):
             lib = [lib]
         elif lib is None:
             lib = []
-        if isinstance(css, string_types):
+        if isinstance(css, str):
             css = [css]
         elif css is None:
             css = []
@@ -848,7 +847,7 @@ class Image(DisplayObject):
             ext = self._find_ext(url)
         elif data is None:
             raise ValueError("No image data found. Expecting filename, url, or data.")
-        elif isinstance(data, string_types) and (
+        elif isinstance(data, str) and (
             data.startswith('http') or _safe_exists(data)
         ):
             ext = self._find_ext(data)
@@ -877,7 +876,7 @@ class Image(DisplayObject):
             # jpg->jpeg
             format = self._FMT_JPEG
 
-        self.format = unicode_type(format).lower()
+        self.format = format.lower()
         self.embed = embed if embed is not None else (url is None)
 
         if self.embed and self.format not in self._ACCEPTABLE_EMBEDDINGS:
@@ -954,7 +953,7 @@ class Image(DisplayObject):
             return self._data_and_metadata()
 
     def _find_ext(self, s):
-        return unicode_type(s.split('.')[-1].lower())
+        return s.split('.')[-1].lower()
 
 class Video(DisplayObject):
 
@@ -999,7 +998,7 @@ class Video(DisplayObject):
         Video('path/to/video.mp4', embed=True)
         Video(b'raw-videodata', embed=True)
         """
-        if url is None and isinstance(data, string_types) and data.startswith(('http:', 'https:')):
+        if url is None and isinstance(data, str) and data.startswith(('http:', 'https:')):
             url = data
             data = None
         elif os.path.exists(data):
@@ -1038,7 +1037,7 @@ class Video(DisplayObject):
                 video = f.read()
         else:
             video = self.data
-        if isinstance(video, unicode_type):
+        if isinstance(video, str):
             # unicode input is already b64-encoded
             b64_video = video
         else:
diff --git a/IPython/core/formatters.py b/IPython/core/formatters.py
index adef488..28f61e2 100644
--- a/IPython/core/formatters.py
+++ b/IPython/core/formatters.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ from traitlets import (
     default, observe,
 )
 from IPython.utils.py3compat import (
-    with_metaclass, string_types, unicode_type,
+    with_metaclass
 )
 
 
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class BaseFormatter(Configurable):
     """
 
     format_type = Unicode('text/plain')
-    _return_type = string_types
+    _return_type = str
 
     enabled = Bool(True).tag(config=True)
 
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ class BaseFormatter(Configurable):
         ------
         KeyError if the type has not been registered.
         """
-        if isinstance(typ, string_types):
+        if isinstance(typ, str):
             typ_key = tuple(typ.rsplit('.',1))
             if typ_key not in self.deferred_printers:
                 # We may have it cached in the type map. We will have to
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ class BaseFormatter(Configurable):
             this will be the previous value (to enable restoring later).
         """
         # if string given, interpret as 'pkg.module.class_name'
-        if isinstance(typ, string_types):
+        if isinstance(typ, str):
             type_module, type_name = typ.rsplit('.', 1)
             return self.for_type_by_name(type_module, type_name, func)
         
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ class BaseFormatter(Configurable):
         KeyError if the type is not registered and default is not specified.
         """
         
-        if isinstance(typ, string_types):
+        if isinstance(typ, str):
             typ_key = tuple(typ.rsplit('.',1))
             if typ_key not in self.deferred_printers:
                 # We may have it cached in the type map. We will have to
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ class PNGFormatter(BaseFormatter):
 
     print_method = ObjectName('_repr_png_')
     
-    _return_type = (bytes, unicode_type)
+    _return_type = (bytes, str)
 
 
 class JPEGFormatter(BaseFormatter):
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ class JPEGFormatter(BaseFormatter):
 
     print_method = ObjectName('_repr_jpeg_')
 
-    _return_type = (bytes, unicode_type)
+    _return_type = (bytes, str)
 
 
 class LatexFormatter(BaseFormatter):
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ class JSONFormatter(BaseFormatter):
             r, md = r
         
         # handle deprecated JSON-as-string form from IPython < 3
-        if isinstance(r, string_types):
+        if isinstance(r, str):
             warnings.warn("JSON expects JSONable list/dict containers, not JSON strings",
             FormatterWarning)
             r = json.loads(r)
@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ class PDFFormatter(BaseFormatter):
 
     print_method = ObjectName('_repr_pdf_')
 
-    _return_type = (bytes, unicode_type)
+    _return_type = (bytes, str)
 
 class IPythonDisplayFormatter(BaseFormatter):
     """A Formatter for objects that know how to display themselves.
diff --git a/IPython/core/history.py b/IPython/core/history.py
index 58d20ec..16efbcd 100644
--- a/IPython/core/history.py
+++ b/IPython/core/history.py
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ class HistoryManager(HistoryAccessor):
     @default('dir_hist')
     def _dir_hist_default(self):
         try:
-            return [py3compat.getcwd()]
+            return [os.getcwd()]
         except OSError:
             return []
 
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ class HistoryManager(HistoryAccessor):
         optionally open a new session."""
         self.output_hist.clear()
         # The directory history can't be completely empty
-        self.dir_hist[:] = [py3compat.getcwd()]
+        self.dir_hist[:] = [os.getcwd()]
         
         if new_session:
             if self.session_number:
diff --git a/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py b/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py
index cce24de..970ef65 100644
--- a/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py
+++ b/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py
@@ -67,8 +67,7 @@ from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.paths import get_ipython_dir
 from IPython.utils.path import get_home_dir, get_py_filename, ensure_dir_exists
 from IPython.utils.process import system, getoutput
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import (builtin_mod, unicode_type, string_types,
-                                     with_metaclass, iteritems)
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import builtin_mod, with_metaclass
 from IPython.utils.strdispatch import StrDispatch
 from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
 from IPython.utils.text import format_screen, LSString, SList, DollarFormatter
@@ -550,7 +549,7 @@ class InteractiveShell(SingletonConfigurable):
 
         # keep track of where we started running (mainly for crash post-mortem)
         # This is not being used anywhere currently.
-        self.starting_dir = py3compat.getcwd()
+        self.starting_dir = os.getcwd()
 
         # Indentation management
         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
@@ -733,7 +732,7 @@ class InteractiveShell(SingletonConfigurable):
     def restore_sys_module_state(self):
         """Restore the state of the sys module."""
         try:
-            for k, v in iteritems(self._orig_sys_module_state):
+            for k, v in self._orig_sys_module_state.items():
                 setattr(sys, k, v)
         except AttributeError:
             pass
@@ -1255,7 +1254,7 @@ class InteractiveShell(SingletonConfigurable):
             # Also check in output history
             ns_refs.append(self.history_manager.output_hist)
             for ns in ns_refs:
-                to_delete = [n for n, o in iteritems(ns) if o is obj]
+                to_delete = [n for n, o in ns.items() if o is obj]
                 for name in to_delete:
                     del ns[name]
 
@@ -1307,8 +1306,8 @@ class InteractiveShell(SingletonConfigurable):
         # We need a dict of name/value pairs to do namespace updates.
         if isinstance(variables, dict):
             vdict = variables
-        elif isinstance(variables, string_types+(list, tuple)):
-            if isinstance(variables, string_types):
+        elif isinstance(variables, (str, list, tuple)):
+            if isinstance(variables, str):
                 vlist = variables.split()
             else:
                 vlist = variables
@@ -1347,7 +1346,7 @@ class InteractiveShell(SingletonConfigurable):
         variables : dict
           A dictionary mapping object names (as strings) to the objects.
         """
-        for name, obj in iteritems(variables):
+        for name, obj in variables.items():
             if name in self.user_ns and self.user_ns[name] is obj:
                 del self.user_ns[name]
                 self.user_ns_hidden.pop(name, None)
@@ -1651,14 +1650,14 @@ class InteractiveShell(SingletonConfigurable):
             msg = "CustomTB must return list of strings, not %r" % stb
             if stb is None:
                 return []
-            elif isinstance(stb, string_types):
+            elif isinstance(stb, str):
                 return [stb]
             elif not isinstance(stb, list):
                 raise TypeError(msg)
             # it's a list
             for line in stb:
                 # check every element
-                if not isinstance(line, string_types):
+                if not isinstance(line, str):
                     raise TypeError(msg)
             return stb
 
@@ -2154,7 +2153,7 @@ class InteractiveShell(SingletonConfigurable):
 
         from IPython.core import macro
 
-        if isinstance(themacro, string_types):
+        if isinstance(themacro, str):
             themacro = macro.Macro(themacro)
         if not isinstance(themacro, macro.Macro):
             raise ValueError('A macro must be a string or a Macro instance.')
@@ -2203,14 +2202,12 @@ class InteractiveShell(SingletonConfigurable):
             with AvoidUNCPath() as path:
                 if path is not None:
                     cmd = '"pushd %s &&"%s' % (path, cmd)
-                cmd = py3compat.unicode_to_str(cmd)
                 try:
                     ec = os.system(cmd)
                 except KeyboardInterrupt:
                     print('\n' + self.get_exception_only(), file=sys.stderr)
                     ec = -2
         else:
-            cmd = py3compat.unicode_to_str(cmd)
             # For posix the result of the subprocess.call() below is an exit
             # code, which by convention is zero for success, positive for
             # program failure.  Exit codes above 128 are reserved for signals,
@@ -2343,7 +2340,7 @@ class InteractiveShell(SingletonConfigurable):
         exc_info = {
             u'status' : 'error',
             u'traceback' : stb,
-            u'ename' : unicode_type(etype.__name__),
+            u'ename' : etype.__name__,
             u'evalue' : py3compat.safe_unicode(evalue),
         }
 
@@ -2382,7 +2379,7 @@ class InteractiveShell(SingletonConfigurable):
         user_ns = self.user_ns
         global_ns = self.user_global_ns
         
-        for key, expr in iteritems(expressions):
+        for key, expr in expressions.items():
             try:
                 value = self._format_user_obj(eval(expr, global_ns, user_ns))
             except:
@@ -3165,7 +3162,7 @@ class InteractiveShell(SingletonConfigurable):
             raise ValueError(("'%s' was not found in history, as a file, url, "
                                 "nor in the user namespace.") % target)
 
-        if isinstance(codeobj, string_types):
+        if isinstance(codeobj, str):
             return codeobj
         elif isinstance(codeobj, Macro):
             return codeobj.value
diff --git a/IPython/core/logger.py b/IPython/core/logger.py
index 091da50..e3cb233 100644
--- a/IPython/core/logger.py
+++ b/IPython/core/logger.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import io
 import os
 import time
 
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import str_to_unicode
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # FIXME: This class isn't a mixin anymore, but it still needs attributes from
@@ -193,8 +192,7 @@ which already exists. But you must first start the logging process with
             write = self.logfile.write
             if kind=='input':
                 if self.timestamp:
-                    write(str_to_unicode(time.strftime('# %a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S\n',
-                                        time.localtime())))
+                    write(time.strftime('# %a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S\n', time.localtime()))
                 write(data)
             elif kind=='output' and self.log_output:
                 odata = u'\n'.join([u'#[Out]# %s' % s
diff --git a/IPython/core/macro.py b/IPython/core/macro.py
index 9032706..efc2968 100644
--- a/IPython/core/macro.py
+++ b/IPython/core/macro.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Macro(object):
         self.value = code + '\n'
     
     def __str__(self):
-        return py3compat.unicode_to_str(self.value)
+        return self.value
     
     def __unicode__(self):
         return self.value
@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ class Macro(object):
     def __add__(self, other):
         if isinstance(other, Macro):
             return Macro(self.value + other.value)
-        elif isinstance(other, py3compat.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(other, str):
             return Macro(self.value + other)
         raise TypeError
diff --git a/IPython/core/magic.py b/IPython/core/magic.py
index e139bed..132e958 100644
--- a/IPython/core/magic.py
+++ b/IPython/core/magic.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ from IPython.core.inputsplitter import ESC_MAGIC, ESC_MAGIC2
 from decorator import decorator
 from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.utils.process import arg_split
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import string_types, iteritems
 from IPython.utils.text import dedent
 from traitlets import Bool, Dict, Instance, observe
 from logging import error
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ def _method_magic_marker(magic_kind):
             name = func.__name__
             retval = decorator(call, func)
             record_magic(magics, magic_kind, name, name)
-        elif isinstance(arg, string_types):
+        elif isinstance(arg, str):
             # Decorator called with arguments (@foo('bar'))
             name = arg
             def mark(func, *a, **kw):
@@ -237,7 +236,7 @@ def _function_magic_marker(magic_kind):
             name = func.__name__
             ip.register_magic_function(func, magic_kind, name)
             retval = decorator(call, func)
-        elif isinstance(arg, string_types):
+        elif isinstance(arg, str):
             # Decorator called with arguments (@foo('bar'))
             name = arg
             def mark(func, *a, **kw):
@@ -344,7 +343,7 @@ class MagicsManager(Configurable):
         docs = {}
         for m_type in self.magics:
             m_docs = {}
-            for m_name, m_func in iteritems(self.magics[m_type]):
+            for m_name, m_func in self.magics[m_type].items():
                 if m_func.__doc__:
                     if brief:
                         m_docs[m_name] = m_func.__doc__.split('\n', 1)[0]
@@ -510,8 +509,8 @@ class Magics(Configurable):
         for mtype in magic_kinds:
             tab = self.magics[mtype] = {}
             cls_tab = class_magics[mtype]
-            for magic_name, meth_name in iteritems(cls_tab):
-                if isinstance(meth_name, string_types):
+            for magic_name, meth_name in cls_tab.items():
+                if isinstance(meth_name, str):
                     # it's a method name, grab it
                     tab[magic_name] = getattr(self, meth_name)
                 else:
diff --git a/IPython/core/magics/basic.py b/IPython/core/magics/basic.py
index c2427c9..475ddf8 100644
--- a/IPython/core/magics/basic.py
+++ b/IPython/core/magics/basic.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from IPython.core.magic import Magics, magics_class, line_magic, magic_escapes
 from IPython.utils.text import format_screen, dedent, indent
 from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
 from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import unicode_type
 from warnings import warn
 from logging import error
 
@@ -550,7 +549,7 @@ Currently the magic system has the following functions:""",
         help=argparse.SUPPRESS
     )
     @magic_arguments.argument(
-        'filename', type=unicode_type,
+        'filename', type=str,
         help='Notebook name or filename'
     )
     @line_magic
diff --git a/IPython/core/magics/code.py b/IPython/core/magics/code.py
index 6439df7..804e1ea 100644
--- a/IPython/core/magics/code.py
+++ b/IPython/core/magics/code.py
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ from IPython.core.magic import Magics, magics_class, line_magic
 from IPython.core.oinspect import find_file, find_source_lines
 from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
 from IPython.utils import py3compat
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import string_types
 from IPython.utils.contexts import preserve_keys
 from IPython.utils.path import get_py_filename
 from warnings import warn
@@ -443,7 +442,7 @@ class CodeMagics(Magics):
 
                     #print '*** args',args,'type',type(args)  # dbg
                     data = eval(args, shell.user_ns)
-                    if not isinstance(data, string_types):
+                    if not isinstance(data, str):
                         raise DataIsObject
 
                 except (NameError,SyntaxError):
diff --git a/IPython/core/magics/execution.py b/IPython/core/magics/execution.py
index ab62d8e..7279462 100644
--- a/IPython/core/magics/execution.py
+++ b/IPython/core/magics/execution.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ from IPython.core.magic import (Magics, magics_class, line_magic, cell_magic,
                                 line_cell_magic, on_off, needs_local_scope)
 from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
 from IPython.utils import py3compat
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import builtin_mod, iteritems, PY3
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import builtin_mod, PY3
 from IPython.utils.contexts import preserve_keys
 from IPython.utils.capture import capture_output
 from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
@@ -1279,8 +1279,7 @@ python-profiler package from non-free.""")
         """
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'rq',mode='list')
         if not args:   # List existing macros
-            return sorted(k for k,v in iteritems(self.shell.user_ns) if\
-                                                        isinstance(v, Macro))
+            return sorted(k for k,v in self.shell.user_ns.items() if isinstance(v, Macro))
         if len(args) == 1:
             raise UsageError(
                 "%macro insufficient args; usage '%macro name n1-n2 n3-4...")
diff --git a/IPython/core/magics/logging.py b/IPython/core/magics/logging.py
index 90214ab..9683c3f 100644
--- a/IPython/core/magics/logging.py
+++ b/IPython/core/magics/logging.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import sys
 # Our own packages
 from IPython.core.magic import Magics, magics_class, line_magic
 from warnings import warn
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import str_to_unicode
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Magic implementation classes
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ class LoggingMagics(Magics):
                 for n in range(1,len(input_hist)-1):
                     log_write(input_hist[n].rstrip() + u'\n')
                     if n in output_hist:
-                        log_write(str_to_unicode(repr(output_hist[n])),'output')
+                        log_write(repr(output_hist[n]),'output')
             else:
                 logger.log_write(u'\n'.join(input_hist[1:]))
                 logger.log_write(u'\n')
diff --git a/IPython/core/magics/namespace.py b/IPython/core/magics/namespace.py
index 68442f9..343db92 100644
--- a/IPython/core/magics/namespace.py
+++ b/IPython/core/magics/namespace.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
 from IPython.utils.encoding import DEFAULT_ENCODING
 from IPython.utils.openpy import read_py_file
 from IPython.utils.path import get_py_filename
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import unicode_type
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Magic implementation classes
@@ -460,8 +459,8 @@ class NamespaceMagics(Magics):
                 try:
                     vstr = str(var)
                 except UnicodeEncodeError:
-                    vstr = unicode_type(var).encode(DEFAULT_ENCODING,
-                                               'backslashreplace')
+                    vstr = var.encode(DEFAULT_ENCODING,
+                                      'backslashreplace')
                 except:
                     vstr = "<object with id %d (str() failed)>" % id(var)
                 vstr = vstr.replace('\n', '\\n')
diff --git a/IPython/core/magics/osm.py b/IPython/core/magics/osm.py
index 0d85a01..e1fbbad 100644
--- a/IPython/core/magics/osm.py
+++ b/IPython/core/magics/osm.py
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
 from IPython.utils.openpy import source_to_unicode
 from IPython.utils.process import abbrev_cwd
 from IPython.utils import py3compat
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import unicode_type
 from IPython.utils.terminal import set_term_title
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ class OSMagics(Magics):
                 winext += '|py'
             execre = re.compile(r'(.*)\.(%s)$' % winext,re.IGNORECASE)
             isexec = lambda fname:os.path.isfile(fname) and execre.match(fname)
-        savedir = py3compat.getcwd()
+        savedir = os.getcwd()
 
         # Now walk the paths looking for executables to alias.
         try:
@@ -240,7 +239,7 @@ class OSMagics(Magics):
           In [9]: pwd
           Out[9]: '/home/tsuser/sprint/ipython'
         """
-        return py3compat.getcwd()
+        return os.getcwd()
 
     @skip_doctest
     @line_magic
@@ -284,7 +283,7 @@ class OSMagics(Magics):
           /home/tsuser/parent/child
         """
 
-        oldcwd = py3compat.getcwd()
+        oldcwd = os.getcwd()
         numcd = re.match(r'(-)(\d+)$',parameter_s)
         # jump in directory history by number
         if numcd:
@@ -352,7 +351,7 @@ class OSMagics(Magics):
             except OSError:
                 print(sys.exc_info()[1])
             else:
-                cwd = py3compat.getcwd()
+                cwd = os.getcwd()
                 dhist = self.shell.user_ns['_dh']
                 if oldcwd != cwd:
                     dhist.append(cwd)
@@ -362,7 +361,7 @@ class OSMagics(Magics):
             os.chdir(self.shell.home_dir)
             if hasattr(self.shell, 'term_title') and self.shell.term_title:
                 set_term_title('IPython: ' + '~')
-            cwd = py3compat.getcwd()
+            cwd = os.getcwd()
             dhist = self.shell.user_ns['_dh']
 
             if oldcwd != cwd:
@@ -437,7 +436,7 @@ class OSMagics(Magics):
 
         dir_s = self.shell.dir_stack
         tgt = os.path.expanduser(parameter_s)
-        cwd = py3compat.getcwd().replace(self.shell.home_dir,'~')
+        cwd = os.getcwd().replace(self.shell.home_dir,'~')
         if tgt:
             self.cd(parameter_s)
         dir_s.insert(0,cwd)
@@ -725,7 +724,7 @@ class OSMagics(Magics):
             if not args:
                 raise UsageError("%bookmark: You must specify the bookmark name")
             elif len(args)==1:
-                bkms[args[0]] = py3compat.getcwd()
+                bkms[args[0]] = os.getcwd()
             elif len(args)==2:
                 bkms[args[0]] = args[1]
         self.shell.db['bookmarks'] = bkms
@@ -764,7 +763,7 @@ class OSMagics(Magics):
              'The file will be created if it does not exist.'
     )
     @magic_arguments.argument(
-        'filename', type=unicode_type,
+        'filename', type=str,
         help='file to write'
     )
     @cell_magic
diff --git a/IPython/core/oinspect.py b/IPython/core/oinspect.py
index 4959742..fbe37bf 100644
--- a/IPython/core/oinspect.py
+++ b/IPython/core/oinspect.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ from IPython.utils.path import compress_user
 from IPython.utils.text import indent
 from IPython.utils.wildcard import list_namespace
 from IPython.utils.coloransi import TermColors, ColorScheme, ColorSchemeTable
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import cast_unicode, string_types, PY3
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import cast_unicode, PY3
 from IPython.utils.colorable import Colorable
 from IPython.utils.decorators import undoc
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def getdoc(obj):
         pass
     else:
         # if we get extra info, we add it to the normal docstring.
-        if isinstance(ds, string_types):
+        if isinstance(ds, str):
             return inspect.cleandoc(ds)
     try:
         docstr = inspect.getdoc(obj)
diff --git a/IPython/core/profileapp.py b/IPython/core/profileapp.py
index ee78ab6..f43962f 100644
--- a/IPython/core/profileapp.py
+++ b/IPython/core/profileapp.py
@@ -180,10 +180,10 @@ class ProfileList(Application):
             print("Available profiles in %s:" % self.ipython_dir)
             self._print_profiles(profiles)
         
-        profiles = list_profiles_in(py3compat.getcwd())
+        profiles = list_profiles_in(os.getcwd())
         if profiles:
             print()
-            print("Available profiles in current directory (%s):" % py3compat.getcwd())
+            print("Available profiles in current directory (%s):" % os.getcwd())
             self._print_profiles(profiles)
         
         print()
diff --git a/IPython/core/profiledir.py b/IPython/core/profiledir.py
index 9c9e99c..6c0dc7b 100644
--- a/IPython/core/profiledir.py
+++ b/IPython/core/profiledir.py
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class ProfileDir(LoggingConfigurable):
         is not found, a :class:`ProfileDirError` exception will be raised.
 
         The search path algorithm is:
-        1. ``py3compat.getcwd()``
+        1. ``os.getcwd()``
         2. ``ipython_dir``
 
         Parameters
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class ProfileDir(LoggingConfigurable):
             will be "profile_<profile>".
         """
         dirname = u'profile_' + name
-        paths = [py3compat.getcwd(), ipython_dir]
+        paths = [os.getcwd(), ipython_dir]
         for p in paths:
             profile_dir = os.path.join(p, dirname)
             if os.path.isdir(profile_dir):
diff --git a/IPython/core/prompts.py b/IPython/core/prompts.py
index 7802bc5..ec7f911 100644
--- a/IPython/core/prompts.py
+++ b/IPython/core/prompts.py
@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@ class LazyEvaluate(object):
 
     def __str__(self):
         return str(self())
-
-    def __unicode__(self):
-        return py3compat.unicode_type(self())
-
+    
     def __format__(self, format_spec):
         return format(self(), format_spec)
diff --git a/IPython/core/pylabtools.py b/IPython/core/pylabtools.py
index 33f2a03..30ca16b 100644
--- a/IPython/core/pylabtools.py
+++ b/IPython/core/pylabtools.py
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ def select_figure_formats(shell, formats, **kwargs):
     jpg_formatter = shell.display_formatter.formatters['image/jpeg']
     pdf_formatter = shell.display_formatter.formatters['application/pdf']
 
-    if isinstance(formats, py3compat.string_types):
+    if isinstance(formats, str):
         formats = {formats}
     # cast in case of list / tuple
     formats = set(formats)
diff --git a/IPython/core/tests/test_application.py b/IPython/core/tests/test_application.py
index fb7724f..34cab5b 100644
--- a/IPython/core/tests/test_application.py
+++ b/IPython/core/tests/test_application.py
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ def test_unicode_cwd():
     """Check that IPython starts with non-ascii characters in the path."""
     wd = tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix=u"€")
     
-    old_wd = py3compat.getcwd()
+    old_wd = os.getcwd()
     os.chdir(wd)
-    #raise Exception(repr(py3compat.getcwd()))
+    #raise Exception(repr(os.getcwd()))
     try:
         app = BaseIPythonApplication()
         # The lines below are copied from Application.initialize()
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def test_unicode_ipdir():
     
     old_ipdir1 = os.environ.pop("IPYTHONDIR", None)
     old_ipdir2 = os.environ.pop("IPYTHON_DIR", None)
-    os.environ["IPYTHONDIR"] = py3compat.unicode_to_str(ipdir, "utf-8")
+    os.environ["IPYTHONDIR"] = ipdir
     try:
         app = BaseIPythonApplication()
         # The lines below are copied from Application.initialize()
diff --git a/IPython/core/tests/test_completer.py b/IPython/core/tests/test_completer.py
index e406f3a..cd67594 100644
--- a/IPython/core/tests/test_completer.py
+++ b/IPython/core/tests/test_completer.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from IPython.core import completer
 from IPython.external.decorators import knownfailureif
 from IPython.utils.tempdir import TemporaryDirectory, TemporaryWorkingDirectory
 from IPython.utils.generics import complete_object
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import string_types, unicode_type
 from IPython.testing import decorators as dec
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ def test_line_split():
     check_line_split(sp, t)
     # Ensure splitting works OK with unicode by re-running the tests with
     # all inputs turned into unicode
-    check_line_split(sp, [ map(unicode_type, p) for p in t] )
+    check_line_split(sp, [ map(str, p) for p in t] )
 
 
 def test_custom_completion_error():
@@ -123,13 +122,13 @@ def test_unicode_completions():
     # Some strings that trigger different types of completion.  Check them both
     # in str and unicode forms
     s = ['ru', '%ru', 'cd /', 'floa', 'float(x)/']
-    for t in s + list(map(unicode_type, s)):
+    for t in s + list(map(str, s)):
         # We don't need to check exact completion values (they may change
         # depending on the state of the namespace, but at least no exceptions
         # should be thrown and the return value should be a pair of text, list
         # values.
         text, matches = ip.complete(t)
-        nt.assert_true(isinstance(text, string_types))
+        nt.assert_true(isinstance(text, str))
         nt.assert_true(isinstance(matches, list))
 
 def test_latex_completions():
diff --git a/IPython/core/tests/test_completerlib.py b/IPython/core/tests/test_completerlib.py
index 82d246b..97b561d 100644
--- a/IPython/core/tests/test_completerlib.py
+++ b/IPython/core/tests/test_completerlib.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Test_magic_run_completer(unittest.TestCase):
         for d in self.dirs:
             os.mkdir(join(self.BASETESTDIR, d))
 
-        self.oldpath = py3compat.getcwd()
+        self.oldpath = os.getcwd()
         os.chdir(self.BASETESTDIR)
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class Test_magic_run_completer_nonascii(unittest.TestCase):
         for fil in [u"aaø.py", u"a.py", u"b.py"]:
             with open(join(self.BASETESTDIR, fil), "w") as sfile:
                 sfile.write("pass\n")
-        self.oldpath = py3compat.getcwd()
+        self.oldpath = os.getcwd()
         os.chdir(self.BASETESTDIR)
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -157,6 +157,6 @@ def test_bad_module_all():
         results = module_completion('from bad_all import ')
         nt.assert_in('puppies', results)
         for r in results:
-            nt.assert_is_instance(r, py3compat.string_types)
+            nt.assert_is_instance(r, str)
     finally:
         sys.path.remove(testsdir)
diff --git a/IPython/core/tests/test_inputsplitter.py b/IPython/core/tests/test_inputsplitter.py
index 17a7e37..90dd911 100644
--- a/IPython/core/tests/test_inputsplitter.py
+++ b/IPython/core/tests/test_inputsplitter.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from IPython.core.inputtransformer import InputTransformer
 from IPython.core.tests.test_inputtransformer import syntax, syntax_ml
 from IPython.testing import tools as tt
 from IPython.utils import py3compat
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import string_types, input
+from IPython.utils.py3compat  import input
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Semi-complete examples (also used as tests)
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def test_remove_comments():
 
 def test_get_input_encoding():
     encoding = isp.get_input_encoding()
-    nt.assert_true(isinstance(encoding, string_types))
+    nt.assert_true(isinstance(encoding, str))
     # simple-minded check that at least encoding a simple string works with the
     # encoding we got.
     nt.assert_equal(u'test'.encode(encoding), b'test')
diff --git a/IPython/core/tests/test_interactiveshell.py b/IPython/core/tests/test_interactiveshell.py
index a350316..9236b7a 100644
--- a/IPython/core/tests/test_interactiveshell.py
+++ b/IPython/core/tests/test_interactiveshell.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from IPython.testing.decorators import (
 from IPython.testing import tools as tt
 from IPython.utils.process import find_cmd
 from IPython.utils import py3compat
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import unicode_type, PY3
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import PY3
 
 if PY3:
     from io import StringIO
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ class InteractiveShellTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_inspect_text(self):
         ip.run_cell('a = 5')
         text = ip.object_inspect_text('a')
-        self.assertIsInstance(text, unicode_type)
+        self.assertIsInstance(text, str)
 
 
 class TestSafeExecfileNonAsciiPath(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ class TestSafeExecfileNonAsciiPath(unittest.TestCase):
         os.mkdir(self.TESTDIR)
         with open(join(self.TESTDIR, u"åäötestscript.py"), "w") as sfile:
             sfile.write("pass\n")
-        self.oldpath = py3compat.getcwd()
+        self.oldpath = os.getcwd()
         os.chdir(self.TESTDIR)
         self.fname = u"åäötestscript.py"
 
diff --git a/IPython/core/tests/test_magic.py b/IPython/core/tests/test_magic.py
index 6fea789..71c9692 100644
--- a/IPython/core/tests/test_magic.py
+++ b/IPython/core/tests/test_magic.py
@@ -393,9 +393,9 @@ def test_parse_options():
     
 def test_dirops():
     """Test various directory handling operations."""
-    # curpath = lambda :os.path.splitdrive(py3compat.getcwd())[1].replace('\\','/')
-    curpath = py3compat.getcwd
-    startdir = py3compat.getcwd()
+    # curpath = lambda :os.path.splitdrive(os.getcwd())[1].replace('\\','/')
+    curpath = os.getcwd
+    startdir = os.getcwd()
     ipdir = os.path.realpath(_ip.ipython_dir)
     try:
         _ip.magic('cd "%s"' % ipdir)
diff --git a/IPython/core/tests/test_profile.py b/IPython/core/tests/test_profile.py
index 79e3d4b..80599d2 100644
--- a/IPython/core/tests/test_profile.py
+++ b/IPython/core/tests/test_profile.py
@@ -121,7 +121,6 @@ def test_list_profiles_in():
     # No need to remove these directories and files, as they will get nuked in
     # the module-level teardown.
     td = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=TMP_TEST_DIR)
-    td = py3compat.str_to_unicode(td)
     for name in ('profile_foo', 'profile_hello', 'not_a_profile'):
         os.mkdir(os.path.join(td, name))
     if dec.unicode_paths:
@@ -161,4 +160,4 @@ def test_profile_create_ipython_dir():
         assert os.path.exists(profile_dir)
         ipython_config = os.path.join(profile_dir, 'ipython_config.py')
         assert os.path.exists(ipython_config)
-        
\ No newline at end of file
+        
diff --git a/IPython/core/tests/test_prompts.py b/IPython/core/tests/test_prompts.py
index 6595dab..4082b14 100644
--- a/IPython/core/tests/test_prompts.py
+++ b/IPython/core/tests/test_prompts.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import unittest
 
 from IPython.core.prompts import  LazyEvaluate
 from IPython.testing.globalipapp import get_ipython
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import unicode_type
 
 ip = get_ipython()
 
@@ -14,8 +13,7 @@ class PromptTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_lazy_eval_unicode(self):
         u = u'ünicødé'
         lz = LazyEvaluate(lambda : u)
-        # str(lz) would fail
-        self.assertEqual(unicode_type(lz), u)
+        self.assertEqual(str(lz), u)
         self.assertEqual(format(lz), u)
     
     def test_lazy_eval_nonascii_bytes(self):
@@ -31,7 +29,6 @@ class PromptTests(unittest.TestCase):
         lz = LazyEvaluate(lambda : f)
         
         self.assertEqual(str(lz), str(f))
-        self.assertEqual(unicode_type(lz), unicode_type(f))
         self.assertEqual(format(lz), str(f))
         self.assertEqual(format(lz, '.1'), '0.5')
 
diff --git a/IPython/core/tests/test_run.py b/IPython/core/tests/test_run.py
index f73d235..d684990 100644
--- a/IPython/core/tests/test_run.py
+++ b/IPython/core/tests/test_run.py
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ class TestMagicRunWithPackage(unittest.TestCase):
         self.value = int(random.random() * 10000)
 
         self.tempdir = TemporaryDirectory()
-        self.__orig_cwd = py3compat.getcwd()
+        self.__orig_cwd = os.getcwd()
         sys.path.insert(0, self.tempdir.name)
 
         self.writefile(os.path.join(package, '__init__.py'), '')
diff --git a/IPython/core/ultratb.py b/IPython/core/ultratb.py
index df451e0..f7d4c76 100644
--- a/IPython/core/ultratb.py
+++ b/IPython/core/ultratb.py
@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ class VerboseTB(TBTools):
 
         if (not py3compat.PY3) and type(evalue) is types.InstanceType:
             try:
-                names = [w for w in dir(evalue) if isinstance(w, py3compat.string_types)]
+                names = [w for w in dir(evalue) if isinstance(w, str)]
             except:
                 # Every now and then, an object with funny internals blows up
                 # when dir() is called on it.  We do the best we can to report
@@ -1429,7 +1429,7 @@ class SyntaxTB(ListTB):
         # be wrong (retrieved from an outdated cache). This replaces it with
         # the current value.
         if isinstance(value, SyntaxError) \
-                and isinstance(value.filename, py3compat.string_types) \
+                and isinstance(value.filename, str) \
                 and isinstance(value.lineno, int):
             linecache.checkcache(value.filename)
             newtext = ulinecache.getline(value.filename, value.lineno)
diff --git a/IPython/extensions/storemagic.py b/IPython/extensions/storemagic.py
index 32a3505..9a203ff 100644
--- a/IPython/extensions/storemagic.py
+++ b/IPython/extensions/storemagic.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import inspect, os, sys, textwrap
 from IPython.core.error import UsageError
 from IPython.core.magic import Magics, magics_class, line_magic
 from traitlets import Bool
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import string_types
 
 
 def restore_aliases(ip):
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ class StoreMagics(Magics):
                   obj.__class__.__name__, fnam))
 
 
-                if not isinstance (obj, string_types):
+                if not isinstance (obj, str):
                     from pprint import pprint
                     pprint(obj, fil)
                 else:
diff --git a/IPython/lib/backgroundjobs.py b/IPython/lib/backgroundjobs.py
index a3a02ab..1fc81d7 100644
--- a/IPython/lib/backgroundjobs.py
+++ b/IPython/lib/backgroundjobs.py
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ import threading
 from IPython import get_ipython
 from IPython.core.ultratb import AutoFormattedTB
 from logging import error
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import string_types
 
 
 class BackgroundJobManager(object):
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ class BackgroundJobManager(object):
         if callable(func_or_exp):
             kw  = kwargs.get('kw',{})
             job = BackgroundJobFunc(func_or_exp,*args,**kw)
-        elif isinstance(func_or_exp, string_types):
+        elif isinstance(func_or_exp, str):
             if not args:
                 frame = sys._getframe(1)
                 glob, loc = frame.f_globals, frame.f_locals
diff --git a/IPython/lib/pretty.py b/IPython/lib/pretty.py
index 3eaa0b3..83cf094 100644
--- a/IPython/lib/pretty.py
+++ b/IPython/lib/pretty.py
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ import re
 import datetime
 from collections import deque
 
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import PY3, PYPY, cast_unicode, string_types
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import PY3, PYPY, cast_unicode
 from IPython.utils.encoding import get_stream_enc
 
 from io import StringIO
@@ -679,13 +679,13 @@ def _type_pprint(obj, p, cycle):
     mod = _safe_getattr(obj, '__module__', None)
     try:
         name = obj.__qualname__
-        if not isinstance(name, string_types):
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
             # This can happen if the type implements __qualname__ as a property
             # or other descriptor in Python 2.
             raise Exception("Try __name__")
     except Exception:
         name = obj.__name__
-        if not isinstance(name, string_types):
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
             name = '<unknown type>'
 
     if mod in (None, '__builtin__', 'builtins', 'exceptions'):
@@ -771,7 +771,6 @@ except AttributeError: # Python 3
     _type_pprinters[slice] = _repr_pprint
     
 try:
-    _type_pprinters[xrange] = _repr_pprint
     _type_pprinters[long] = _repr_pprint
     _type_pprinters[unicode] = _repr_pprint
 except NameError:
diff --git a/IPython/lib/tests/test_clipboard.py b/IPython/lib/tests/test_clipboard.py
index c0d6ed9..f1050bf 100644
--- a/IPython/lib/tests/test_clipboard.py
+++ b/IPython/lib/tests/test_clipboard.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import nose.tools as nt
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext
 from IPython.lib.clipboard import ClipboardEmpty
 from IPython.testing.decorators import skip_if_no_x11
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import unicode_type
 
 @skip_if_no_x11
 def test_clipboard_get():
@@ -19,4 +18,4 @@ def test_clipboard_get():
         # No clipboard access API available
         pass
     else:
-        nt.assert_is_instance(a, unicode_type)
+        nt.assert_is_instance(a, str)
diff --git a/IPython/terminal/interactiveshell.py b/IPython/terminal/interactiveshell.py
index 763761b..22e84c7 100644
--- a/IPython/terminal/interactiveshell.py
+++ b/IPython/terminal/interactiveshell.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from warnings import warn
 
 from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell, InteractiveShellABC
 from IPython.utils import io
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import PY3, cast_unicode_py2, input, string_types
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import PY3, cast_unicode_py2, input
 from IPython.utils.terminal import toggle_set_term_title, set_term_title
 from IPython.utils.process import abbrev_cwd
 from traitlets import Bool, Unicode, Dict, Integer, observe, Instance, Type, default, Enum, Union
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ class TerminalInteractiveShell(InteractiveShell):
             else :
                 raise ValueError('Got unknown colors: ', legacy)
         else :
-            if isinstance(name_or_cls, string_types):
+            if isinstance(name_or_cls, str):
                 style_cls = get_style_by_name(name_or_cls)
             else:
                 style_cls = name_or_cls
diff --git a/IPython/terminal/magics.py b/IPython/terminal/magics.py
index 474d9e6..4c773ef 100644
--- a/IPython/terminal/magics.py
+++ b/IPython/terminal/magics.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def get_pasted_lines(sentinel, l_input=py3compat.input, quiet=False):
         prompt = ""
     while True:
         try:
-            l = py3compat.str_to_unicode(l_input(prompt))
+            l = l_input(prompt)
             if l == sentinel:
                 return
             else:
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class TerminalMagics(Magics):
         # Sanity checks
         if b is None:
             raise UsageError('No previous pasted block available')
-        if not isinstance(b, py3compat.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(b, str):
             raise UsageError(
                 "Variable 'pasted_block' is not a string, can't execute")
 
diff --git a/IPython/testing/decorators.py b/IPython/testing/decorators.py
index 45c26ea..5a1a46c 100644
--- a/IPython/testing/decorators.py
+++ b/IPython/testing/decorators.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ from .ipunittest import ipdoctest, ipdocstring
 from IPython.external.decorators import *
 
 # For onlyif_cmd_exists decorator
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import string_types, which, PY2, PY3, PYPY
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import which, PY2, PY3, PYPY
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes and functions
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def make_label_dec(label, ds=None):
 
     warnings.warn("The function `make_label_dec` is deprecated since IPython 4.0",
             DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
-    if isinstance(label, string_types):
+    if isinstance(label, str):
         labels = [label]
     else:
         labels = label
diff --git a/IPython/testing/plugin/ipdoctest.py b/IPython/testing/plugin/ipdoctest.py
index 2d4dd9b..841ccdf 100644
--- a/IPython/testing/plugin/ipdoctest.py
+++ b/IPython/testing/plugin/ipdoctest.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ from nose.plugins import doctests, Plugin
 from nose.util import anyp, tolist
 
 # Our own imports
-from IPython.utils.py3compat import builtin_mod, PY3, getcwd
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import builtin_mod, PY3
 
 if PY3:
     from io import StringIO
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ class DocTestCase(doctests.DocTestCase):
             # Save our current directory and switch out to the one where the
             # test was originally created, in case another doctest did a
             # directory change.  We'll restore this in the finally clause.
-            curdir = getcwd()
+            curdir = os.getcwd()
             #print 'runTest in dir:', self._ori_dir  # dbg
             os.chdir(self._ori_dir)
 
diff --git a/IPython/testing/tools.py b/IPython/testing/tools.py
index 40cfde7..1779221 100644
--- a/IPython/testing/tools.py
+++ b/IPython/testing/tools.py
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ class AssertPrints(object):
     """
     def __init__(self, s, channel='stdout', suppress=True):
         self.s = s
-        if isinstance(self.s, (py3compat.string_types, _re_type)):
+        if isinstance(self.s, (str, _re_type)):
             self.s = [self.s]
         self.channel = channel
         self.suppress = suppress
diff --git a/IPython/utils/_process_common.py b/IPython/utils/_process_common.py
index 9ede30d..fa2144c 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/_process_common.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/_process_common.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def process_handler(cmd, callback, stderr=subprocess.PIPE):
     # On win32, close_fds can't be true when using pipes for stdin/out/err
     close_fds = sys.platform != 'win32'
     # Determine if cmd should be run with system shell.
-    shell = isinstance(cmd, py3compat.string_types)
+    shell = isinstance(cmd, str)
     # On POSIX systems run shell commands with user-preferred shell.
     executable = None
     if shell and os.name == 'posix' and 'SHELL' in os.environ:
diff --git a/IPython/utils/_process_win32.py b/IPython/utils/_process_win32.py
index 554cf9f..bfad1b5 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/_process_win32.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/_process_win32.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class AvoidUNCPath(object):
             os.system(cmd)
     """
     def __enter__(self):
-        self.path = py3compat.getcwd()
+        self.path = os.getcwd()
         self.is_unc_path = self.path.startswith(r"\\")
         if self.is_unc_path:
             # change to c drive (as cmd.exe cannot handle UNC addresses)
diff --git a/IPython/utils/_process_win32_controller.py b/IPython/utils/_process_win32_controller.py
index 85a342e..4fd2e3c 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/_process_win32_controller.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/_process_win32_controller.py
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class AvoidUNCPath(object):
             os.system(cmd)
     """
     def __enter__(self):
-        self.path = py3compat.getcwd()
+        self.path = os.getcwd()
         self.is_unc_path = self.path.startswith(r"\\")
         if self.is_unc_path:
             # change to c drive (as cmd.exe cannot handle UNC addresses)
diff --git a/IPython/utils/data.py b/IPython/utils/data.py
index 308a692..bf70cf8 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/data.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/data.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-from .py3compat import xrange
 
 def uniq_stable(elems):
     """uniq_stable(elems) -> list
@@ -32,6 +31,6 @@ def flatten(seq):
 
 def chop(seq, size):
     """Chop a sequence into chunks of the given size."""
-    return [seq[i:i+size] for i in xrange(0,len(seq),size)]
+    return [seq[i:i+size] for i in range(0,len(seq),size)]
 
 
diff --git a/IPython/utils/dir2.py b/IPython/utils/dir2.py
index f6f164f..50805e0 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/dir2.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/dir2.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 
 import inspect
-from .py3compat import string_types
 
 
 def safe_hasattr(obj, attr):
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ def dir2(obj):
     # filter out non-string attributes which may be stuffed by dir() calls
     # and poor coding in third-party modules
 
-    words = [w for w in words if isinstance(w, string_types)]
+    words = [w for w in words if isinstance(w, str)]
     return sorted(words)
 
 
diff --git a/IPython/utils/io.py b/IPython/utils/io.py
index cf27dd1..dcbef22 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/io.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/io.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from warnings import warn
 
 from IPython.utils.decorators import undoc
 from .capture import CapturedIO, capture_output
-from .py3compat import string_types, input, PY3
+from .py3compat import input, PY3
 
 @undoc
 class IOStream:
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class IOStream:
     def writelines(self, lines):
         warn('IOStream is deprecated since IPython 5.0, use sys.{stdin,stdout,stderr} instead',
              DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
-        if isinstance(lines, string_types):
+        if isinstance(lines, str):
             lines = [lines]
         for line in lines:
             self.write(line)
diff --git a/IPython/utils/openpy.py b/IPython/utils/openpy.py
index 1ec22a4..ad7e267 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/openpy.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/openpy.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from io import TextIOWrapper, BytesIO
 import os.path
 import re
 
-from .py3compat import unicode_type
 
 cookie_re = re.compile(r"coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)", re.UNICODE)
 cookie_comment_re = re.compile(r"^\s*#.*coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)", re.UNICODE)
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ def source_to_unicode(txt, errors='replace', skip_encoding_cookie=True):
     txt can be either a bytes buffer or a string containing the source
     code.
     """
-    if isinstance(txt, unicode_type):
+    if isinstance(txt, str):
         return txt
     if isinstance(txt, bytes):
         buffer = BytesIO(txt)
diff --git a/IPython/utils/path.py b/IPython/utils/path.py
index fa85081..9590eda 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/path.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/path.py
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ def unquote_filename(name, win32=(sys.platform=='win32')):
 def compress_user(path):
     """Reverse of :func:`os.path.expanduser`
     """
-    path = py3compat.unicode_to_str(path, sys.getfilesystemencoding())
     home = os.path.expanduser('~')
     if path.startswith(home):
         path =  "~" + path[len(home):]
@@ -154,11 +153,11 @@ def filefind(filename, path_dirs=None):
 
     if path_dirs is None:
         path_dirs = ("",)
-    elif isinstance(path_dirs, py3compat.string_types):
+    elif isinstance(path_dirs, str):
         path_dirs = (path_dirs,)
 
     for path in path_dirs:
-        if path == '.': path = py3compat.getcwd()
+        if path == '.': path = os.getcwd()
         testname = expand_path(os.path.join(path, filename))
         if os.path.isfile(testname):
             return os.path.abspath(testname)
diff --git a/IPython/utils/process.py b/IPython/utils/process.py
index 169d3c3..77b2064 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/process.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/process.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def find_cmd(cmd):
 
 def abbrev_cwd():
     """ Return abbreviated version of cwd, e.g. d:mydir """
-    cwd = py3compat.getcwd().replace('\\','/')
+    cwd = os.getcwd().replace('\\','/')
     drivepart = ''
     tail = cwd
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
diff --git a/IPython/utils/terminal.py b/IPython/utils/terminal.py
index 3bdcee3..4668994 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/terminal.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/terminal.py
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ elif sys.platform == 'win32':
 
             try:
                 # Cannot be on network share when issuing system commands
-                curr = py3compat.getcwd()
+                curr = os.getcwd()
                 os.chdir("C:")
                 ret = os.system("title " + title)
             finally:
diff --git a/IPython/utils/tests/test_path.py b/IPython/utils/tests/test_path.py
index 966f3a8..cc48fe8 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/tests/test_path.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/tests/test_path.py
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class TestShellGlob(object):
     @classmethod
     @contextmanager
     def in_tempdir(cls):
-        save = py3compat.getcwd()
+        save = os.getcwd()
         try:
             os.chdir(cls.tempdir.name)
             yield
diff --git a/IPython/utils/text.py b/IPython/utils/text.py
index 0ad1c8d..bb1f3c9 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/text.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/text.py
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class SList(list):
             except IndexError:
                 return ""
 
-        if isinstance(pattern, py3compat.string_types):
+        if isinstance(pattern, str):
             pred = lambda x : re.search(pattern, x, re.IGNORECASE)
         else:
             pred = pattern
@@ -307,8 +307,10 @@ def list_strings(arg):
         Out[9]: ['A', 'list', 'of', 'strings']
     """
 
-    if isinstance(arg, py3compat.string_types): return [arg]
-    else: return arg
+    if isinstance(arg, str):
+        return [arg]
+    else:
+        return arg
 
 
 def marquee(txt='',width=78,mark='*'):
@@ -619,10 +621,10 @@ def _col_chunks(l, max_rows, row_first=False):
     """Yield successive max_rows-sized column chunks from l."""
     if row_first:
         ncols = (len(l) // max_rows) + (len(l) % max_rows > 0)
-        for i in py3compat.xrange(ncols):
-            yield [l[j] for j in py3compat.xrange(i, len(l), ncols)]
+        for i in range(ncols):
+            yield [l[j] for j in range(i, len(l), ncols)]
     else:
-        for i in py3compat.xrange(0, len(l), max_rows):
+        for i in range(0, len(l), max_rows):
             yield l[i:(i + max_rows)]
 
 
diff --git a/IPython/utils/timing.py b/IPython/utils/timing.py
index 99b7bbc..3d4d9f8 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/timing.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/timing.py
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ Utilities for timing code execution.
 
 import time
 
-from .py3compat import xrange
-
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ def timings_out(reps,func,*args,**kw):
         out = func(*args,**kw)
         tot_time = clock()-start
     else:
-        rng = xrange(reps-1) # the last time is executed separately to store output
+        rng = range(reps-1) # the last time is executed separately to store output
         start = clock()
         for dummy in rng: func(*args,**kw)
         out = func(*args,**kw)  # one last time
diff --git a/IPython/utils/ulinecache.py b/IPython/utils/ulinecache.py
index f53b0dd..e12819d 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/ulinecache.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/ulinecache.py
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ else:
         filename = py3compat.cast_bytes(filename, sys.getfilesystemencoding())
         lines = linecache.getlines(filename, module_globals=module_globals)
         
-        # The bits we cache ourselves can be unicode.
-        if (not lines) or isinstance(lines[0], py3compat.unicode_type):
+        if (not lines) or isinstance(lines[0], str):
             return lines
         
         readline = openpy._list_readline(lines)
diff --git a/IPython/utils/wildcard.py b/IPython/utils/wildcard.py
index d22491b..cbef8c5 100644
--- a/IPython/utils/wildcard.py
+++ b/IPython/utils/wildcard.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import re
 import types
 
 from IPython.utils.dir2 import dir2
-from .py3compat import iteritems
 
 def create_typestr2type_dicts(dont_include_in_type2typestr=["lambda"]):
     """Return dictionaries mapping lower case typename (e.g. 'tuple') to type
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ def filter_ns(ns, name_pattern="*", type_pattern="all", ignore_case=True,
         reg = re.compile(pattern+"$")
 
     # Check each one matches regex; shouldn't be hidden; of correct type.
-    return dict((key,obj) for key, obj in iteritems(ns) if reg.match(key) \
+    return dict((key,obj) for key, obj in ns.items() if reg.match(key) \
                                             and show_hidden(key, show_all) \
                                             and is_type(obj, type_pattern) )
 
@@ -103,10 +102,10 @@ def list_namespace(namespace, type_pattern, filter, ignore_case=False, show_all=
                             type_pattern="all",
                             ignore_case=ignore_case, show_all=show_all)
         results = {}
-        for name, obj in iteritems(filtered):
+        for name, obj in filtered.items():
             ns = list_namespace(dict_dir(obj), type_pattern,
                                 ".".join(pattern_list[1:]),
                                 ignore_case=ignore_case, show_all=show_all)
-            for inner_name, inner_obj in iteritems(ns):
+            for inner_name, inner_obj in ns.items():
                 results["%s.%s"%(name,inner_name)] = inner_obj
         return results