- Final commits for 0.8.0 tag.

- Missing part of win32 install patch by N. Pernetty that I'd inadvertedly
  not applied.
  
- Unicode fixes for emacs under win32

- Small bug fix (recently introduced) in pycolorize.

- Improve handling of history file after %run, reduces memory usage.

IPython/Magic.py

@@ -1,3122 +1,3121 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Magic functions for InteractiveShell.
 
-$Id: Magic.py 2221 2007-04-06 02:58:37Z fperez $"""
+$Id: Magic.py 2225 2007-04-08 02:48:16Z jdh2358 $"""
 
 #*****************************************************************************
 #       Copyright (C) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]> and
 #       Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fernando Perez <[e-mail]>
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #*****************************************************************************
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Modules and globals
 
 from IPython import Release
 __author__  = '%s <%s>\n%s <%s>' % \
               ( Release.authors['Janko'] + Release.authors['Fernando'] )
 __license__ = Release.license
 
 # Python standard modules
 import __builtin__
 import bdb
 import inspect
 import os
 import pdb
 import pydoc
 import sys
 import re
 import tempfile
 import time
 import cPickle as pickle
 import textwrap
 from cStringIO import StringIO
 from getopt import getopt,GetoptError
 from pprint import pprint, pformat
 
 # cProfile was added in Python2.5
 try:
     import cProfile as profile
     import pstats
 except ImportError:
     # profile isn't bundled by default in Debian for license reasons
     try:
         import profile,pstats
     except ImportError:
         profile = pstats = None
 
 # Homebrewed
 import IPython
 from IPython import Debugger, OInspect, wildcard
 from IPython.FakeModule import FakeModule
 from IPython.Itpl import Itpl, itpl, printpl,itplns
 from IPython.PyColorize import Parser
 from IPython.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.macro import Macro
 from IPython.genutils import *
 from IPython import platutils
 
 #***************************************************************************
 # Utility functions
 def on_off(tag):
     """Return an ON/OFF string for a 1/0 input. Simple utility function."""
     return ['OFF','ON'][tag]
 
 class Bunch: pass
 
 #***************************************************************************
 # Main class implementing Magic functionality
 class Magic:
     """Magic functions for InteractiveShell.
 
     Shell functions which can be reached as %function_name. All magic
     functions should accept a string, which they can parse for their own
     needs. This can make some functions easier to type, eg `%cd ../`
     vs. `%cd("../")`
 
     ALL definitions MUST begin with the prefix magic_. The user won't need it
     at the command line, but it is is needed in the definition. """
 
     # class globals
     auto_status = ['Automagic is OFF, % prefix IS needed for magic functions.',
                    'Automagic is ON, % prefix NOT needed for magic functions.']
 
     #......................................................................
     # some utility functions
 
     def __init__(self,shell):
         
         self.options_table = {}
         if profile is None:
             self.magic_prun = self.profile_missing_notice
         self.shell = shell
 
         # namespace for holding state we may need
         self._magic_state = Bunch()
 
     def profile_missing_notice(self, *args, **kwargs):
         error("""\
 The profile module could not be found.  If you are a Debian user,
 it has been removed from the standard Debian package because of its non-free
 license. To use profiling, please install"python2.3-profiler" from non-free.""")
 
     def default_option(self,fn,optstr):
         """Make an entry in the options_table for fn, with value optstr"""
 
         if fn not in self.lsmagic():
             error("%s is not a magic function" % fn)
         self.options_table[fn] = optstr
 
     def lsmagic(self):
         """Return a list of currently available magic functions.
 
         Gives a list of the bare names after mangling (['ls','cd', ...], not
         ['magic_ls','magic_cd',...]"""
 
         # FIXME. This needs a cleanup, in the way the magics list is built.
         
         # magics in class definition
         class_magic = lambda fn: fn.startswith('magic_') and \
                       callable(Magic.__dict__[fn])
         # in instance namespace (run-time user additions)
         inst_magic =  lambda fn: fn.startswith('magic_') and \
                      callable(self.__dict__[fn])
         # and bound magics by user (so they can access self):
         inst_bound_magic =  lambda fn: fn.startswith('magic_') and \
                            callable(self.__class__.__dict__[fn])
         magics = filter(class_magic,Magic.__dict__.keys()) + \
                  filter(inst_magic,self.__dict__.keys()) + \
                  filter(inst_bound_magic,self.__class__.__dict__.keys())
         out = []
         for fn in magics:
             out.append(fn.replace('magic_','',1))
         out.sort()
         return out
     
     def extract_input_slices(self,slices,raw=False):
         """Return as a string a set of input history slices.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - slices: the set of slices is given as a list of strings (like
           ['1','4:8','9'], since this function is for use by magic functions
           which get their arguments as strings.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - raw(False): by default, the processed input is used.  If this is
           true, the raw input history is used instead.
 
         Note that slices can be called with two notations:
 
         N:M -> standard python form, means including items N...(M-1).
 
         N-M -> include items N..M (closed endpoint)."""
 
         if raw:
             hist = self.shell.input_hist_raw
         else:
             hist = self.shell.input_hist
 
         cmds = []
         for chunk in slices:
             if ':' in chunk:
                 ini,fin = map(int,chunk.split(':'))
             elif '-' in chunk:
                 ini,fin = map(int,chunk.split('-'))
                 fin += 1
             else:
                 ini = int(chunk)
                 fin = ini+1
             cmds.append(hist[ini:fin])
         return cmds
         
     def _ofind(self, oname, namespaces=None):
         """Find an object in the available namespaces.
 
         self._ofind(oname) -> dict with keys: found,obj,ospace,ismagic
 
         Has special code to detect magic functions.
         """
         
         oname = oname.strip()
 
         alias_ns = None
         if namespaces is None:
             # Namespaces to search in:
             # Put them in a list. The order is important so that we
             # find things in the same order that Python finds them.
             namespaces = [ ('Interactive', self.shell.user_ns),
                            ('IPython internal', self.shell.internal_ns),
                            ('Python builtin', __builtin__.__dict__),
                            ('Alias', self.shell.alias_table),
                            ]
             alias_ns = self.shell.alias_table
 
         # initialize results to 'null'
         found = 0; obj = None;  ospace = None;  ds = None;
         ismagic = 0; isalias = 0; parent = None
 
         # Look for the given name by splitting it in parts.  If the head is
         # found, then we look for all the remaining parts as members, and only
         # declare success if we can find them all.
         oname_parts = oname.split('.')
         oname_head, oname_rest = oname_parts[0],oname_parts[1:]
         for nsname,ns in namespaces:
             try:
                 obj = ns[oname_head]
             except KeyError:
                 continue
             else:
                 #print 'oname_rest:', oname_rest  # dbg
                 for part in oname_rest:
                     try:
                         parent = obj
                         obj = getattr(obj,part)
                     except:
                         # Blanket except b/c some badly implemented objects
                         # allow __getattr__ to raise exceptions other than
                         # AttributeError, which then crashes IPython.
                         break
                 else:
                     # If we finish the for loop (no break), we got all members
                     found = 1
                     ospace = nsname
                     if ns == alias_ns:
                         isalias = 1
                     break  # namespace loop
 
         # Try to see if it's magic
         if not found:
             if oname.startswith(self.shell.ESC_MAGIC):
                 oname = oname[1:]
             obj = getattr(self,'magic_'+oname,None)
             if obj is not None:
                 found = 1
                 ospace = 'IPython internal'
                 ismagic = 1
 
         # Last try: special-case some literals like '', [], {}, etc:
         if not found and oname_head in ["''",'""','[]','{}','()']:
             obj = eval(oname_head)
             found = 1
             ospace = 'Interactive'
             
         return {'found':found, 'obj':obj, 'namespace':ospace,
                 'ismagic':ismagic, 'isalias':isalias, 'parent':parent}
     
     def arg_err(self,func):
         """Print docstring if incorrect arguments were passed"""
         print 'Error in arguments:'
         print OInspect.getdoc(func)
 
     def format_latex(self,strng):
         """Format a string for latex inclusion."""
 
         # Characters that need to be escaped for latex:
         escape_re = re.compile(r'(%|_|\$|#|&)',re.MULTILINE)
         # Magic command names as headers:
         cmd_name_re = re.compile(r'^(%s.*?):' % self.shell.ESC_MAGIC,
                                  re.MULTILINE)
         # Magic commands 
         cmd_re = re.compile(r'(?P<cmd>%s.+?\b)(?!\}\}:)' % self.shell.ESC_MAGIC,
                             re.MULTILINE)
         # Paragraph continue
         par_re = re.compile(r'\\$',re.MULTILINE)
 
         # The "\n" symbol
         newline_re = re.compile(r'\\n')
 
         # Now build the string for output:
         #strng = cmd_name_re.sub(r'\n\\texttt{\\textsl{\\large \1}}:',strng)
         strng = cmd_name_re.sub(r'\n\\bigskip\n\\texttt{\\textbf{ \1}}:',
                                 strng)
         strng = cmd_re.sub(r'\\texttt{\g<cmd>}',strng)
         strng = par_re.sub(r'\\\\',strng)
         strng = escape_re.sub(r'\\\1',strng)
         strng = newline_re.sub(r'\\textbackslash{}n',strng)
         return strng
 
     def format_screen(self,strng):
         """Format a string for screen printing.
 
         This removes some latex-type format codes."""
         # Paragraph continue
         par_re = re.compile(r'\\$',re.MULTILINE)
         strng = par_re.sub('',strng)
         return strng
 
     def parse_options(self,arg_str,opt_str,*long_opts,**kw):
         """Parse options passed to an argument string.
 
         The interface is similar to that of getopt(), but it returns back a
         Struct with the options as keys and the stripped argument string still
         as a string.
 
         arg_str is quoted as a true sys.argv vector by using shlex.split.
         This allows us to easily expand variables, glob files, quote
         arguments, etc.
 
         Options:
           -mode: default 'string'. If given as 'list', the argument string is
           returned as a list (split on whitespace) instead of a string.
 
           -list_all: put all option values in lists. Normally only options
           appearing more than once are put in a list.
 
           -posix (True): whether to split the input line in POSIX mode or not,
           as per the conventions outlined in the shlex module from the
           standard library."""
  
         # inject default options at the beginning of the input line
         caller = sys._getframe(1).f_code.co_name.replace('magic_','')
         arg_str = '%s %s' % (self.options_table.get(caller,''),arg_str)
         
         mode = kw.get('mode','string')
         if mode not in ['string','list']:
             raise ValueError,'incorrect mode given: %s' % mode
         # Get options
         list_all = kw.get('list_all',0)
         posix = kw.get('posix',True)
 
         # Check if we have more than one argument to warrant extra processing:
         odict = {}  # Dictionary with options
         args = arg_str.split()
         if len(args) >= 1:
             # If the list of inputs only has 0 or 1 thing in it, there's no
             # need to look for options
             argv = arg_split(arg_str,posix)
             # Do regular option processing
             try:
                 opts,args = getopt(argv,opt_str,*long_opts)
             except GetoptError,e:
                 raise GetoptError('%s ( allowed: "%s" %s)' % (e.msg,opt_str, 
                                         " ".join(long_opts)))
             for o,a in opts:
                 if o.startswith('--'):
                     o = o[2:]
                 else:
                     o = o[1:]
                 try:
                     odict[o].append(a)
                 except AttributeError:
                     odict[o] = [odict[o],a]
                 except KeyError:
                     if list_all:
                         odict[o] = [a]
                     else:
                         odict[o] = a
 
         # Prepare opts,args for return
         opts = Struct(odict)
         if mode == 'string':
             args = ' '.join(args)
 
         return opts,args
     
     #......................................................................
     # And now the actual magic functions
 
     # Functions for IPython shell work (vars,funcs, config, etc)
     def magic_lsmagic(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """List currently available magic functions."""
         mesc = self.shell.ESC_MAGIC
         print 'Available magic functions:\n'+mesc+\
               ('  '+mesc).join(self.lsmagic())
         print '\n' + Magic.auto_status[self.shell.rc.automagic]
         return None
         
     def magic_magic(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Print information about the magic function system."""
 
         mode = ''
         try:
             if parameter_s.split()[0] == '-latex':
                 mode = 'latex'
             if parameter_s.split()[0] == '-brief':
                 mode = 'brief'
         except:
             pass
 
         magic_docs = []
         for fname in self.lsmagic():
             mname = 'magic_' + fname
             for space in (Magic,self,self.__class__):
                 try:
                     fn = space.__dict__[mname]
                 except KeyError:
                     pass
                 else:
                     break
             if mode == 'brief':
                 # only first line
                 fndoc = fn.__doc__.split('\n',1)[0]
             else:
                 fndoc = fn.__doc__
                 
             magic_docs.append('%s%s:\n\t%s\n' %(self.shell.ESC_MAGIC,
                                                 fname,fndoc))
         magic_docs = ''.join(magic_docs)
 
         if mode == 'latex':
             print self.format_latex(magic_docs)
             return
         else:
             magic_docs = self.format_screen(magic_docs)
         if mode == 'brief':
             return magic_docs
         
         outmsg = """
 IPython's 'magic' functions
 ===========================
 
 The magic function system provides a series of functions which allow you to
 control the behavior of IPython itself, plus a lot of system-type
 features. All these functions are prefixed with a % character, but parameters
 are given without parentheses or quotes.
 
 NOTE: If you have 'automagic' enabled (via the command line option or with the
 %automagic function), you don't need to type in the % explicitly.  By default,
 IPython ships with automagic on, so you should only rarely need the % escape.
 
 Example: typing '%cd mydir' (without the quotes) changes you working directory
 to 'mydir', if it exists.
 
 You can define your own magic functions to extend the system. See the supplied
 ipythonrc and example-magic.py files for details (in your ipython
 configuration directory, typically $HOME/.ipython/).
 
 You can also define your own aliased names for magic functions. In your
 ipythonrc file, placing a line like:
 
   execute __IPYTHON__.magic_pf = __IPYTHON__.magic_profile
 
 will define %pf as a new name for %profile.
 
 You can also call magics in code using the ipmagic() function, which IPython
 automatically adds to the builtin namespace.  Type 'ipmagic?' for details.
 
 For a list of the available magic functions, use %lsmagic. For a description
 of any of them, type %magic_name?, e.g. '%cd?'.
 
 Currently the magic system has the following functions:\n"""
 
         mesc = self.shell.ESC_MAGIC
         outmsg = ("%s\n%s\n\nSummary of magic functions (from %slsmagic):"
                   "\n\n%s%s\n\n%s" % (outmsg,
                                      magic_docs,mesc,mesc,
                                      ('  '+mesc).join(self.lsmagic()),
                                      Magic.auto_status[self.shell.rc.automagic] ) )
 
         page(outmsg,screen_lines=self.shell.rc.screen_length)
   
     def magic_automagic(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Make magic functions callable without having to type the initial %.
         
         Without argumentsl toggles on/off (when off, you must call it as
         %automagic, of course).  With arguments it sets the value, and you can
         use any of (case insensitive):
 
          - on,1,True: to activate
          
          - off,0,False: to deactivate.
 
         Note that magic functions have lowest priority, so if there's a
         variable whose name collides with that of a magic fn, automagic won't
         work for that function (you get the variable instead). However, if you
         delete the variable (del var), the previously shadowed magic function
         becomes visible to automagic again."""
 
         rc = self.shell.rc
         arg = parameter_s.lower()
         if parameter_s in ('on','1','true'):
             rc.automagic = True
         elif parameter_s in ('off','0','false'):
             rc.automagic = False
         else:
             rc.automagic = not rc.automagic
         print '\n' + Magic.auto_status[rc.automagic]
 
     def magic_autocall(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Make functions callable without having to type parentheses.
 
         Usage:
 
            %autocall [mode]
 
         The mode can be one of: 0->Off, 1->Smart, 2->Full.  If not given, the
         value is toggled on and off (remembering the previous state)."""
         
         rc = self.shell.rc
 
         if parameter_s:
             arg = int(parameter_s)
         else:
             arg = 'toggle'
 
         if not arg in (0,1,2,'toggle'):
             error('Valid modes: (0->Off, 1->Smart, 2->Full')
             return
 
         if arg in (0,1,2):
             rc.autocall = arg
         else: # toggle
             if rc.autocall:
                 self._magic_state.autocall_save = rc.autocall
                 rc.autocall = 0
             else:
                 try:
                     rc.autocall = self._magic_state.autocall_save
                 except AttributeError:
                     rc.autocall = self._magic_state.autocall_save = 1
                 
         print "Automatic calling is:",['OFF','Smart','Full'][rc.autocall]
 
     def magic_autoindent(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Toggle autoindent on/off (if available)."""
 
         self.shell.set_autoindent()
         print "Automatic indentation is:",['OFF','ON'][self.shell.autoindent]
 
     def magic_system_verbose(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Set verbose printing of system calls.
 
         If called without an argument, act as a toggle"""
 
         if parameter_s:
             val = bool(eval(parameter_s))
         else:
             val = None
             
         self.shell.rc_set_toggle('system_verbose',val)
         print "System verbose printing is:",\
               ['OFF','ON'][self.shell.rc.system_verbose]
 
     def magic_history(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Print input history (_i<n> variables), with most recent last.
         
         %history       -> print at most 40 inputs (some may be multi-line)\\
         %history n     -> print at most n inputs\\
         %history n1 n2 -> print inputs between n1 and n2 (n2 not included)\\
         
         Each input's number <n> is shown, and is accessible as the
         automatically generated variable _i<n>.  Multi-line statements are
         printed starting at a new line for easy copy/paste.
         
 
         Options:
 
           -n: do NOT print line numbers.  This is useful if you want to get a
           printout of many lines which can be directly pasted into a text
           editor.
 
           This feature is only available if numbered prompts are in use.
 
           -r: print the 'raw' history.  IPython filters your input and
           converts it all into valid Python source before executing it (things
           like magics or aliases are turned into function calls, for
           example).  With this option, you'll see the unfiltered history
           instead of the filtered version: '%cd /' will be seen as '%cd /'
           instead of '_ip.magic("%cd /")'.
         """
 
         shell = self.shell
         if not shell.outputcache.do_full_cache:
             print 'This feature is only available if numbered prompts are in use.'
             return
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'nr',mode='list')
 
         if opts.has_key('r'):
             input_hist = shell.input_hist_raw
         else:
             input_hist = shell.input_hist
         
         default_length = 40
         if len(args) == 0:
             final = len(input_hist)
             init = max(1,final-default_length)
         elif len(args) == 1:
             final = len(input_hist)
             init = max(1,final-int(args[0]))
         elif len(args) == 2:
             init,final = map(int,args)
         else:
             warn('%hist takes 0, 1 or 2 arguments separated by spaces.')
             print self.magic_hist.__doc__
             return
         width = len(str(final))
         line_sep = ['','\n']
         print_nums = not opts.has_key('n')
         for in_num in range(init,final):
             inline = input_hist[in_num]
             multiline = int(inline.count('\n') > 1)
             if print_nums:
                 print '%s:%s' % (str(in_num).ljust(width),line_sep[multiline]),
             print inline,
 
     def magic_hist(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Alternate name for %history."""
         return self.magic_history(parameter_s)
 
     def magic_p(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Just a short alias for Python's 'print'."""
         exec 'print ' + parameter_s in self.shell.user_ns
 
     def magic_r(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Repeat previous input.
 
         If given an argument, repeats the previous command which starts with
         the same string, otherwise it just repeats the previous input.
 
         Shell escaped commands (with ! as first character) are not recognized
         by this system, only pure python code and magic commands.
         """
 
         start = parameter_s.strip()
         esc_magic = self.shell.ESC_MAGIC
         # Identify magic commands even if automagic is on (which means
         # the in-memory version is different from that typed by the user).
         if self.shell.rc.automagic:
             start_magic = esc_magic+start
         else:
             start_magic = start
         # Look through the input history in reverse
         for n in range(len(self.shell.input_hist)-2,0,-1):
             input = self.shell.input_hist[n]
             # skip plain 'r' lines so we don't recurse to infinity
             if input != '_ip.magic("r")\n' and \
                    (input.startswith(start) or input.startswith(start_magic)):
                 #print 'match',`input`  # dbg
                 print 'Executing:',input,
                 self.shell.runlines(input)
                 return
         print 'No previous input matching `%s` found.' % start
 
     def magic_page(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Pretty print the object and display it through a pager.
         
         %page [options] OBJECT
 
         If no object is given, use _ (last output).
         
         Options:
 
           -r: page str(object), don't pretty-print it."""
 
         # After a function contributed by Olivier Aubert, slightly modified.
 
         # Process options/args
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'r')
         raw = 'r' in opts
 
         oname = args and args or '_'
         info = self._ofind(oname)
         if info['found']:
             txt = (raw and str or pformat)( info['obj'] )
             page(txt)
         else:
             print 'Object `%s` not found' % oname
 
     def magic_profile(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print your currently active IPyhton profile."""
         if self.shell.rc.profile:
             printpl('Current IPython profile: $self.shell.rc.profile.')
         else:
             print 'No profile active.'
         
     def _inspect(self,meth,oname,namespaces=None,**kw):
         """Generic interface to the inspector system.
 
         This function is meant to be called by pdef, pdoc & friends."""
 
         #oname = oname.strip()
         #print '1- oname: <%r>' % oname  # dbg
         try:
             oname = oname.strip().encode('ascii')
             #print '2- oname: <%r>' % oname  # dbg
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             print 'Python identifiers can only contain ascii characters.'
             return 'not found'
             
         info = Struct(self._ofind(oname, namespaces))
         
         if info.found:
             # Get the docstring of the class property if it exists.
             path = oname.split('.')
             root = '.'.join(path[:-1])
             if info.parent is not None:
                 try:
                     target = getattr(info.parent, '__class__') 
                     # The object belongs to a class instance. 
                     try: 
                         target = getattr(target, path[-1])
                         # The class defines the object. 
                         if isinstance(target, property):
                             oname = root + '.__class__.' + path[-1]
                             info = Struct(self._ofind(oname))
                     except AttributeError: pass
                 except AttributeError: pass
                         
             pmethod = getattr(self.shell.inspector,meth)
             formatter = info.ismagic and self.format_screen or None
             if meth == 'pdoc':
                 pmethod(info.obj,oname,formatter)
             elif meth == 'pinfo':
                 pmethod(info.obj,oname,formatter,info,**kw)
             else:
                 pmethod(info.obj,oname)
         else:
             print 'Object `%s` not found.' % oname
             return 'not found'  # so callers can take other action
         
     def magic_pdef(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print the definition header for any callable object.
 
         If the object is a class, print the constructor information."""
         self._inspect('pdef',parameter_s, namespaces)
         
     def magic_pdoc(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print the docstring for an object.
 
         If the given object is a class, it will print both the class and the
         constructor docstrings."""
         self._inspect('pdoc',parameter_s, namespaces)
 
     def magic_psource(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print (or run through pager) the source code for an object."""
         self._inspect('psource',parameter_s, namespaces)
 
     def magic_pfile(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print (or run through pager) the file where an object is defined.
 
         The file opens at the line where the object definition begins. IPython
         will honor the environment variable PAGER if set, and otherwise will
         do its best to print the file in a convenient form.
 
         If the given argument is not an object currently defined, IPython will
         try to interpret it as a filename (automatically adding a .py extension
         if needed). You can thus use %pfile as a syntax highlighting code
         viewer."""
 
         # first interpret argument as an object name
         out = self._inspect('pfile',parameter_s)
         # if not, try the input as a filename
         if out == 'not found':
             try:
                 filename = get_py_filename(parameter_s)
             except IOError,msg:
                 print msg
                 return
             page(self.shell.inspector.format(file(filename).read()))
             
     def magic_pinfo(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Provide detailed information about an object.
 
         '%pinfo object' is just a synonym for object? or ?object."""
 
         #print 'pinfo par: <%s>' % parameter_s  # dbg
 
         # detail_level: 0 -> obj? , 1 -> obj??
         detail_level = 0
         # We need to detect if we got called as 'pinfo pinfo foo', which can
         # happen if the user types 'pinfo foo?' at the cmd line.
         pinfo,qmark1,oname,qmark2 = \
                re.match('(pinfo )?(\?*)(.*?)(\??$)',parameter_s).groups()
         if pinfo or qmark1 or qmark2:
             detail_level = 1
         if "*" in oname:
             self.magic_psearch(oname)
         else:
             self._inspect('pinfo', oname, detail_level=detail_level,
                           namespaces=namespaces)
 
     def magic_psearch(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Search for object in namespaces by wildcard.
 
         %psearch [options] PATTERN [OBJECT TYPE]
 
         Note: ? can be used as a synonym for %psearch, at the beginning or at
         the end: both a*? and ?a* are equivalent to '%psearch a*'.  Still, the
         rest of the command line must be unchanged (options come first), so
         for example the following forms are equivalent
 
         %psearch -i a* function
         -i a* function?
         ?-i a* function
 
         Arguments:
         
           PATTERN
 
           where PATTERN is a string containing * as a wildcard similar to its
           use in a shell.  The pattern is matched in all namespaces on the
           search path. By default objects starting with a single _ are not
           matched, many IPython generated objects have a single
           underscore. The default is case insensitive matching. Matching is
           also done on the attributes of objects and not only on the objects
           in a module.
 
           [OBJECT TYPE]
 
           Is the name of a python type from the types module. The name is
           given in lowercase without the ending type, ex. StringType is
           written string. By adding a type here only objects matching the
           given type are matched. Using all here makes the pattern match all
           types (this is the default).
 
         Options:
 
           -a: makes the pattern match even objects whose names start with a
           single underscore.  These names are normally ommitted from the
           search.
 
           -i/-c: make the pattern case insensitive/sensitive.  If neither of
           these options is given, the default is read from your ipythonrc
           file.  The option name which sets this value is
           'wildcards_case_sensitive'.  If this option is not specified in your
           ipythonrc file, IPython's internal default is to do a case sensitive
           search.
 
           -e/-s NAMESPACE: exclude/search a given namespace.  The pattern you
           specifiy can be searched in any of the following namespaces:
           'builtin', 'user', 'user_global','internal', 'alias', where
           'builtin' and 'user' are the search defaults.  Note that you should
           not use quotes when specifying namespaces.
 
           'Builtin' contains the python module builtin, 'user' contains all
           user data, 'alias' only contain the shell aliases and no python
           objects, 'internal' contains objects used by IPython.  The
           'user_global' namespace is only used by embedded IPython instances,
           and it contains module-level globals.  You can add namespaces to the
           search with -s or exclude them with -e (these options can be given
           more than once).
     
         Examples:
        
         %psearch a*            -> objects beginning with an a
         %psearch -e builtin a* -> objects NOT in the builtin space starting in a
         %psearch a* function   -> all functions beginning with an a
         %psearch re.e*         -> objects beginning with an e in module re
         %psearch r*.e*         -> objects that start with e in modules starting in r
         %psearch r*.* string   -> all strings in modules beginning with r
 
         Case sensitve search:
        
         %psearch -c a*         list all object beginning with lower case a
 
         Show objects beginning with a single _:
        
         %psearch -a _*         list objects beginning with a single underscore"""
         try:
             parameter_s = parameter_s.encode('ascii')
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             print 'Python identifiers can only contain ascii characters.'
             return
 
         # default namespaces to be searched
         def_search = ['user','builtin']
 
         # Process options/args
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'cias:e:',list_all=True)
         opt = opts.get
         shell = self.shell
         psearch = shell.inspector.psearch
 
         # select case options
         if opts.has_key('i'):
             ignore_case = True
         elif opts.has_key('c'):
             ignore_case = False
         else:
             ignore_case = not shell.rc.wildcards_case_sensitive
 
         # Build list of namespaces to search from user options
         def_search.extend(opt('s',[]))
         ns_exclude = ns_exclude=opt('e',[])
         ns_search = [nm for nm in def_search if nm not in ns_exclude]
         
         # Call the actual search
         try:
             psearch(args,shell.ns_table,ns_search,
                     show_all=opt('a'),ignore_case=ignore_case)
         except:
             shell.showtraceback()
 
     def magic_who_ls(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Return a sorted list of all interactive variables.
 
         If arguments are given, only variables of types matching these
         arguments are returned."""
 
         user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
         internal_ns = self.shell.internal_ns
         user_config_ns = self.shell.user_config_ns
         out = []
         typelist = parameter_s.split()
 
         for i in user_ns:
             if not (i.startswith('_') or i.startswith('_i')) \
                    and not (i in internal_ns or i in user_config_ns):
                 if typelist:
                     if type(user_ns[i]).__name__ in typelist:
                         out.append(i)
                 else:
                     out.append(i)
         out.sort()
         return out
         
     def magic_who(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print all interactive variables, with some minimal formatting.
 
         If any arguments are given, only variables whose type matches one of
         these are printed.  For example:
 
           %who function str
 
         will only list functions and strings, excluding all other types of
         variables.  To find the proper type names, simply use type(var) at a
         command line to see how python prints type names.  For example:
 
           In [1]: type('hello')\\
           Out[1]: <type 'str'>
 
         indicates that the type name for strings is 'str'.
 
         %who always excludes executed names loaded through your configuration
         file and things which are internal to IPython.
 
         This is deliberate, as typically you may load many modules and the
         purpose of %who is to show you only what you've manually defined."""
 
         varlist = self.magic_who_ls(parameter_s)
         if not varlist:
             if parameter_s:
                 print 'No variables match your requested type.'
             else:
                 print 'Interactive namespace is empty.'
             return
 
         # if we have variables, move on...
         count = 0
         for i in varlist:
             print i+'\t',
             count += 1
             if count > 8:
                 count = 0
                 print
         print
 
     def magic_whos(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Like %who, but gives some extra information about each variable.
 
         The same type filtering of %who can be applied here.
 
         For all variables, the type is printed. Additionally it prints:
         
           - For {},[],(): their length.
 
           - For numpy and Numeric arrays, a summary with shape, number of
           elements, typecode and size in memory.
 
           - Everything else: a string representation, snipping their middle if
           too long."""
         
         varnames = self.magic_who_ls(parameter_s)
         if not varnames:
             if parameter_s:
                 print 'No variables match your requested type.'
             else:
                 print 'Interactive namespace is empty.'
             return
 
         # if we have variables, move on...
 
         # for these types, show len() instead of data:
         seq_types = [types.DictType,types.ListType,types.TupleType]
 
         # for numpy/Numeric arrays, display summary info
         try:
             import numpy
         except ImportError:
             ndarray_type = None
         else:
             ndarray_type = numpy.ndarray.__name__
         try:
             import Numeric
         except ImportError:
             array_type = None
         else:
             array_type = Numeric.ArrayType.__name__
 
         # Find all variable names and types so we can figure out column sizes
         def get_vars(i):
             return self.shell.user_ns[i]
         
         # some types are well known and can be shorter
         abbrevs = {'IPython.macro.Macro' : 'Macro'}
         def type_name(v):
             tn = type(v).__name__
             return abbrevs.get(tn,tn)
             
         varlist = map(get_vars,varnames)
 
         typelist = []
         for vv in varlist:
             tt = type_name(vv)
 
             if tt=='instance':
                 typelist.append( abbrevs.get(str(vv.__class__),
                                              str(vv.__class__)))
             else:
                 typelist.append(tt)
 
         # column labels and # of spaces as separator
         varlabel = 'Variable'
         typelabel = 'Type'
         datalabel = 'Data/Info'
         colsep = 3
         # variable format strings
         vformat    = "$vname.ljust(varwidth)$vtype.ljust(typewidth)"
         vfmt_short = '$vstr[:25]<...>$vstr[-25:]'
         aformat    = "%s: %s elems, type `%s`, %s bytes"
         # find the size of the columns to format the output nicely
         varwidth = max(max(map(len,varnames)), len(varlabel)) + colsep
         typewidth = max(max(map(len,typelist)), len(typelabel)) + colsep
         # table header
         print varlabel.ljust(varwidth) + typelabel.ljust(typewidth) + \
               ' '+datalabel+'\n' + '-'*(varwidth+typewidth+len(datalabel)+1)
         # and the table itself
         kb = 1024
         Mb = 1048576  # kb**2
         for vname,var,vtype in zip(varnames,varlist,typelist):
             print itpl(vformat),
             if vtype in seq_types:
                 print len(var)
             elif vtype in [array_type,ndarray_type]:
                 vshape = str(var.shape).replace(',','').replace(' ','x')[1:-1]
                 if vtype==ndarray_type:
                     # numpy
                     vsize  = var.size
                     vbytes = vsize*var.itemsize
                     vdtype = var.dtype
                 else:
                     # Numeric
                     vsize  = Numeric.size(var)
                     vbytes = vsize*var.itemsize()
                     vdtype = var.typecode()
                     
                 if vbytes < 100000:
                     print aformat % (vshape,vsize,vdtype,vbytes)
                 else:
                     print aformat % (vshape,vsize,vdtype,vbytes),
                     if vbytes < Mb:
                         print '(%s kb)' % (vbytes/kb,)
                     else:
                         print '(%s Mb)' % (vbytes/Mb,)
             else:
                 vstr = str(var).replace('\n','\\n')
                 if len(vstr) < 50:
                     print vstr
                 else:
                     printpl(vfmt_short)
                 
     def magic_reset(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Resets the namespace by removing all names defined by the user.
 
         Input/Output history are left around in case you need them."""
 
         ans = self.shell.ask_yes_no(
           "Once deleted, variables cannot be recovered. Proceed (y/[n])? ")
         if not ans:
             print 'Nothing done.'
             return
         user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
         for i in self.magic_who_ls():
             del(user_ns[i])
 
     def magic_logstart(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Start logging anywhere in a session.
 
         %logstart [-o|-r|-t] [log_name [log_mode]]
 
         If no name is given, it defaults to a file named 'ipython_log.py' in your
         current directory, in 'rotate' mode (see below).
 
         '%logstart name' saves to file 'name' in 'backup' mode.  It saves your
         history up to that point and then continues logging.
 
         %logstart takes a second optional parameter: logging mode. This can be one
         of (note that the modes are given unquoted):\\
           append: well, that says it.\\
           backup: rename (if exists) to name~ and start name.\\
           global: single logfile in your home dir, appended to.\\
           over  : overwrite existing log.\\
           rotate: create rotating logs name.1~, name.2~, etc.
 
         Options:
 
           -o: log also IPython's output.  In this mode, all commands which
           generate an Out[NN] prompt are recorded to the logfile, right after
           their corresponding input line.  The output lines are always
           prepended with a '#[Out]# ' marker, so that the log remains valid
           Python code.
 
           Since this marker is always the same, filtering only the output from
           a log is very easy, using for example a simple awk call:
 
             awk -F'#\\[Out\\]# ' '{if($2) {print $2}}' ipython_log.py
 
           -r: log 'raw' input.  Normally, IPython's logs contain the processed
           input, so that user lines are logged in their final form, converted
           into valid Python.  For example, %Exit is logged as
           '_ip.magic("Exit").  If the -r flag is given, all input is logged
           exactly as typed, with no transformations applied.
 
           -t: put timestamps before each input line logged (these are put in
           comments)."""
         
         opts,par = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'ort')
         log_output = 'o' in opts
         log_raw_input = 'r' in opts
         timestamp = 't' in opts
 
         rc = self.shell.rc
         logger = self.shell.logger
 
         # if no args are given, the defaults set in the logger constructor by
         # ipytohn remain valid
         if par:
             try:
                 logfname,logmode = par.split()
             except:
                 logfname = par
                 logmode = 'backup'
         else:
             logfname = logger.logfname
             logmode = logger.logmode
         # put logfname into rc struct as if it had been called on the command
         # line, so it ends up saved in the log header Save it in case we need
         # to restore it...
         old_logfile = rc.opts.get('logfile','')  
         if logfname:
             logfname = os.path.expanduser(logfname)
         rc.opts.logfile = logfname
         loghead = self.shell.loghead_tpl % (rc.opts,rc.args)
         try:
             started  = logger.logstart(logfname,loghead,logmode,
                                        log_output,timestamp,log_raw_input)
         except:
             rc.opts.logfile = old_logfile
             warn("Couldn't start log: %s" % sys.exc_info()[1])
         else:
             # log input history up to this point, optionally interleaving
             # output if requested
 
             if timestamp:
                 # disable timestamping for the previous history, since we've
                 # lost those already (no time machine here).
                 logger.timestamp = False
 
             if log_raw_input:
                 input_hist = self.shell.input_hist_raw
             else:
                 input_hist = self.shell.input_hist
                 
             if log_output:
                 log_write = logger.log_write
                 output_hist = self.shell.output_hist
                 for n in range(1,len(input_hist)-1):
                     log_write(input_hist[n].rstrip())
                     if n in output_hist:
                         log_write(repr(output_hist[n]),'output')
             else:
                 logger.log_write(input_hist[1:])
             if timestamp:
                 # re-enable timestamping
                 logger.timestamp = True
                 
             print ('Activating auto-logging. '
                    'Current session state plus future input saved.')
             logger.logstate()
 
     def magic_logoff(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Temporarily stop logging.
 
         You must have previously started logging."""
         self.shell.logger.switch_log(0)
         
     def magic_logon(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Restart logging.
 
         This function is for restarting logging which you've temporarily
         stopped with %logoff. For starting logging for the first time, you
         must use the %logstart function, which allows you to specify an
         optional log filename."""
         
         self.shell.logger.switch_log(1)
     
     def magic_logstate(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Print the status of the logging system."""
 
         self.shell.logger.logstate()
         
     def magic_pdb(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Control the automatic calling of the pdb interactive debugger.
 
         Call as '%pdb on', '%pdb 1', '%pdb off' or '%pdb 0'. If called without
         argument it works as a toggle.
 
         When an exception is triggered, IPython can optionally call the
         interactive pdb debugger after the traceback printout. %pdb toggles
         this feature on and off.
 
         The initial state of this feature is set in your ipythonrc
         configuration file (the variable is called 'pdb').
 
         If you want to just activate the debugger AFTER an exception has fired,
         without having to type '%pdb on' and rerunning your code, you can use
         the %debug magic."""
 
         par = parameter_s.strip().lower()
 
         if par:
             try:
                 new_pdb = {'off':0,'0':0,'on':1,'1':1}[par]
             except KeyError:
                 print ('Incorrect argument. Use on/1, off/0, '
                        'or nothing for a toggle.')
                 return
         else:
             # toggle
             new_pdb = not self.shell.call_pdb
 
         # set on the shell
         self.shell.call_pdb = new_pdb
         print 'Automatic pdb calling has been turned',on_off(new_pdb)
 
     def magic_debug(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Activate the interactive debugger in post-mortem mode.
 
         If an exception has just occurred, this lets you inspect its stack
         frames interactively.  Note that this will always work only on the last
         traceback that occurred, so you must call this quickly after an
         exception that you wish to inspect has fired, because if another one
         occurs, it clobbers the previous one.
 
         If you want IPython to automatically do this on every exception, see
         the %pdb magic for more details.
         """
         
         self.shell.debugger(force=True)
 
     def magic_prun(self, parameter_s ='',user_mode=1,
                    opts=None,arg_lst=None,prog_ns=None):
 
         """Run a statement through the python code profiler.
 
         Usage:\\
           %prun [options] statement
 
         The given statement (which doesn't require quote marks) is run via the
         python profiler in a manner similar to the profile.run() function.
         Namespaces are internally managed to work correctly; profile.run
         cannot be used in IPython because it makes certain assumptions about
         namespaces which do not hold under IPython.
 
         Options:
 
         -l <limit>: you can place restrictions on what or how much of the
         profile gets printed. The limit value can be:
 
           * A string: only information for function names containing this string
           is printed.
 
           * An integer: only these many lines are printed.
 
           * A float (between 0 and 1): this fraction of the report is printed
           (for example, use a limit of 0.4 to see the topmost 40% only).
 
         You can combine several limits with repeated use of the option. For
         example, '-l __init__ -l 5' will print only the topmost 5 lines of
         information about class constructors.
 
         -r: return the pstats.Stats object generated by the profiling. This
         object has all the information about the profile in it, and you can
         later use it for further analysis or in other functions.
 
        -s <key>: sort profile by given key. You can provide more than one key
         by using the option several times: '-s key1 -s key2 -s key3...'. The
         default sorting key is 'time'.
 
         The following is copied verbatim from the profile documentation
         referenced below:
 
         When more than one key is provided, additional keys are used as
         secondary criteria when the there is equality in all keys selected
         before them.
         
         Abbreviations can be used for any key names, as long as the
         abbreviation is unambiguous.  The following are the keys currently
         defined:
 
                 Valid Arg       Meaning\\
                   "calls"      call count\\
                   "cumulative" cumulative time\\
                   "file"       file name\\
                   "module"     file name\\
                   "pcalls"     primitive call count\\
                   "line"       line number\\
                   "name"       function name\\
                   "nfl"        name/file/line\\
                   "stdname"    standard name\\
                   "time"       internal time
 
         Note that all sorts on statistics are in descending order (placing
         most time consuming items first), where as name, file, and line number
         searches are in ascending order (i.e., alphabetical). The subtle
         distinction between "nfl" and "stdname" is that the standard name is a
         sort of the name as printed, which means that the embedded line
         numbers get compared in an odd way.  For example, lines 3, 20, and 40
         would (if the file names were the same) appear in the string order
         "20" "3" and "40".  In contrast, "nfl" does a numeric compare of the
         line numbers.  In fact, sort_stats("nfl") is the same as
         sort_stats("name", "file", "line").
 
         -T <filename>: save profile results as shown on screen to a text
         file. The profile is still shown on screen.
 
         -D <filename>: save (via dump_stats) profile statistics to given
         filename. This data is in a format understod by the pstats module, and
         is generated by a call to the dump_stats() method of profile
         objects. The profile is still shown on screen.
 
         If you want to run complete programs under the profiler's control, use
         '%run -p [prof_opts] filename.py [args to program]' where prof_opts
         contains profiler specific options as described here.
         
         You can read the complete documentation for the profile module with:\\
           In [1]: import profile; profile.help() """
 
         opts_def = Struct(D=[''],l=[],s=['time'],T=[''])
         # protect user quote marks
         parameter_s = parameter_s.replace('"',r'\"').replace("'",r"\'")
         
         if user_mode:  # regular user call
             opts,arg_str = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'D:l:rs:T:',
                                               list_all=1)
             namespace = self.shell.user_ns
         else:  # called to run a program by %run -p
             try:
                 filename = get_py_filename(arg_lst[0])
             except IOError,msg:
                 error(msg)
                 return
 
             arg_str = 'execfile(filename,prog_ns)'
             namespace = locals()
 
         opts.merge(opts_def)
         
         prof = profile.Profile()
         try:
             prof = prof.runctx(arg_str,namespace,namespace)
             sys_exit = ''
         except SystemExit:
             sys_exit = """*** SystemExit exception caught in code being profiled."""
 
         stats = pstats.Stats(prof).strip_dirs().sort_stats(*opts.s)
 
         lims = opts.l
         if lims:
             lims = []  # rebuild lims with ints/floats/strings
             for lim in opts.l:
                 try:
                     lims.append(int(lim))
                 except ValueError:
                     try:
                         lims.append(float(lim))
                     except ValueError:
                         lims.append(lim)
                     
         # Trap output.
         stdout_trap = StringIO()
 
         if hasattr(stats,'stream'):
             # In newer versions of python, the stats object has a 'stream'
             # attribute to write into.
             stats.stream = stdout_trap
             stats.print_stats(*lims)
         else:
             # For older versions, we manually redirect stdout during printing
             sys_stdout = sys.stdout
             try:
                 sys.stdout = stdout_trap
                 stats.print_stats(*lims)
             finally:
                 sys.stdout = sys_stdout
                 
         output = stdout_trap.getvalue()
         output = output.rstrip()
 
         page(output,screen_lines=self.shell.rc.screen_length)
         print sys_exit,
 
         dump_file = opts.D[0]
         text_file = opts.T[0]
         if dump_file:
             prof.dump_stats(dump_file)
             print '\n*** Profile stats marshalled to file',\
                   `dump_file`+'.',sys_exit
         if text_file:
             pfile = file(text_file,'w')
             pfile.write(output)
             pfile.close()
             print '\n*** Profile printout saved to text file',\
                   `text_file`+'.',sys_exit
 
         if opts.has_key('r'):
             return stats
         else:
             return None
 
     def magic_run(self, parameter_s ='',runner=None):
         """Run the named file inside IPython as a program.
 
         Usage:\\
           %run [-n -i -t [-N<N>] -d [-b<N>] -p [profile options]] file [args]
         
         Parameters after the filename are passed as command-line arguments to
         the program (put in sys.argv). Then, control returns to IPython's
         prompt.
 
         This is similar to running at a system prompt:\\
           $ python file args\\
         but with the advantage of giving you IPython's tracebacks, and of
         loading all variables into your interactive namespace for further use
         (unless -p is used, see below).
 
         The file is executed in a namespace initially consisting only of
         __name__=='__main__' and sys.argv constructed as indicated. It thus
         sees its environment as if it were being run as a stand-alone
         program. But after execution, the IPython interactive namespace gets
         updated with all variables defined in the program (except for __name__
         and sys.argv). This allows for very convenient loading of code for
         interactive work, while giving each program a 'clean sheet' to run in.
 
         Options:
         
         -n: __name__ is NOT set to '__main__', but to the running file's name
         without extension (as python does under import).  This allows running
         scripts and reloading the definitions in them without calling code
         protected by an ' if __name__ == "__main__" ' clause.
 
         -i: run the file in IPython's namespace instead of an empty one. This
         is useful if you are experimenting with code written in a text editor
         which depends on variables defined interactively.
 
         -e: ignore sys.exit() calls or SystemExit exceptions in the script
         being run.  This is particularly useful if IPython is being used to
         run unittests, which always exit with a sys.exit() call.  In such
         cases you are interested in the output of the test results, not in
         seeing a traceback of the unittest module.
 
         -t: print timing information at the end of the run.  IPython will give
         you an estimated CPU time consumption for your script, which under
         Unix uses the resource module to avoid the wraparound problems of
         time.clock().  Under Unix, an estimate of time spent on system tasks
         is also given (for Windows platforms this is reported as 0.0).
 
         If -t is given, an additional -N<N> option can be given, where <N>
         must be an integer indicating how many times you want the script to
         run.  The final timing report will include total and per run results.
 
         For example (testing the script uniq_stable.py):
 
             In [1]: run -t uniq_stable
 
             IPython CPU timings (estimated):\\
               User  :    0.19597 s.\\
               System:        0.0 s.\\
 
             In [2]: run -t -N5 uniq_stable
 
             IPython CPU timings (estimated):\\
             Total runs performed: 5\\
               Times :      Total       Per run\\
               User  :   0.910862 s,  0.1821724 s.\\
               System:        0.0 s,        0.0 s.
 
         -d: run your program under the control of pdb, the Python debugger.
         This allows you to execute your program step by step, watch variables,
         etc.  Internally, what IPython does is similar to calling:
         
           pdb.run('execfile("YOURFILENAME")')
 
         with a breakpoint set on line 1 of your file.  You can change the line
         number for this automatic breakpoint to be <N> by using the -bN option
         (where N must be an integer).  For example:
 
           %run -d -b40 myscript
 
         will set the first breakpoint at line 40 in myscript.py.  Note that
         the first breakpoint must be set on a line which actually does
         something (not a comment or docstring) for it to stop execution.
 
         When the pdb debugger starts, you will see a (Pdb) prompt.  You must
         first enter 'c' (without qoutes) to start execution up to the first
         breakpoint.
 
         Entering 'help' gives information about the use of the debugger.  You
         can easily see pdb's full documentation with "import pdb;pdb.help()"
         at a prompt.
 
         -p: run program under the control of the Python profiler module (which
         prints a detailed report of execution times, function calls, etc).
 
         You can pass other options after -p which affect the behavior of the
         profiler itself. See the docs for %prun for details.
 
         In this mode, the program's variables do NOT propagate back to the
         IPython interactive namespace (because they remain in the namespace
         where the profiler executes them).
 
         Internally this triggers a call to %prun, see its documentation for
         details on the options available specifically for profiling.
 
         There is one special usage for which the text above doesn't apply:
         if the filename ends with .ipy, the file is run as ipython script,
         just as if the commands were written on IPython prompt.
         """
 
         # get arguments and set sys.argv for program to be run.
         opts,arg_lst = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'nidtN:b:pD:l:rs:T:e',
                                           mode='list',list_all=1)
 
         try:
             filename = get_py_filename(arg_lst[0])
         except IndexError:
             warn('you must provide at least a filename.')
             print '\n%run:\n',OInspect.getdoc(self.magic_run)
             return
         except IOError,msg:
             error(msg)
             return
 
         if filename.lower().endswith('.ipy'):
             self.api.runlines(open(filename).read())
             return
         
         # Control the response to exit() calls made by the script being run
         exit_ignore = opts.has_key('e')
         
         # Make sure that the running script gets a proper sys.argv as if it
         # were run from a system shell.
         save_argv = sys.argv # save it for later restoring
         sys.argv = [filename]+ arg_lst[1:]  # put in the proper filename
 
         if opts.has_key('i'):
             prog_ns = self.shell.user_ns
             __name__save = self.shell.user_ns['__name__']
             prog_ns['__name__'] = '__main__'
         else:
             if opts.has_key('n'):
                 name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))[0]
             else:
                 name = '__main__'
             prog_ns = {'__name__':name}
 
         # Since '%run foo' emulates 'python foo.py' at the cmd line, we must
         # set the __file__ global in the script's namespace
         prog_ns['__file__'] = filename
 
         # pickle fix.  See iplib for an explanation.  But we need to make sure
         # that, if we overwrite __main__, we replace it at the end
         if prog_ns['__name__'] == '__main__':
             restore_main = sys.modules['__main__']
         else:
             restore_main = False
             
         sys.modules[prog_ns['__name__']] = FakeModule(prog_ns)
         
         stats = None
         try:
             if self.shell.has_readline:
                 self.shell.savehist()
 
             if opts.has_key('p'):
                 stats = self.magic_prun('',0,opts,arg_lst,prog_ns)
             else:
                 if opts.has_key('d'):
                     deb = Debugger.Pdb(self.shell.rc.colors)
                     # reset Breakpoint state, which is moronically kept
                     # in a class
                     bdb.Breakpoint.next = 1
                     bdb.Breakpoint.bplist = {}
                     bdb.Breakpoint.bpbynumber = [None]
                     # Set an initial breakpoint to stop execution
                     maxtries = 10
                     bp = int(opts.get('b',[1])[0])
                     checkline = deb.checkline(filename,bp)
                     if not checkline:
                         for bp in range(bp+1,bp+maxtries+1):
                             if deb.checkline(filename,bp):
                                 break
                         else:
                             msg = ("\nI failed to find a valid line to set "
                                    "a breakpoint\n"
                                    "after trying up to line: %s.\n"
                                    "Please set a valid breakpoint manually "
                                    "with the -b option." % bp)
                             error(msg)
                             return
                     # if we find a good linenumber, set the breakpoint
                     deb.do_break('%s:%s' % (filename,bp))
                     # Start file run
                     print "NOTE: Enter 'c' at the",
                     print "%s prompt to start your script." % deb.prompt
                     try:
                         deb.run('execfile("%s")' % filename,prog_ns)
                         
                     except:
                         etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
                         # Skip three frames in the traceback: the %run one,
                         # one inside bdb.py, and the command-line typed by the
                         # user (run by exec in pdb itself).
                         self.shell.InteractiveTB(etype,value,tb,tb_offset=3)
                 else:
                     if runner is None:
                         runner = self.shell.safe_execfile
                     if opts.has_key('t'):
                         try:
                             nruns = int(opts['N'][0])
                             if nruns < 1:
                                 error('Number of runs must be >=1')
                                 return
                         except (KeyError):
                             nruns = 1
                         if nruns == 1:
                             t0 = clock2()
                             runner(filename,prog_ns,prog_ns,
                                    exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
                             t1 = clock2()
                             t_usr = t1[0]-t0[0]
                             t_sys = t1[1]-t1[1]
                             print "\nIPython CPU timings (estimated):"
                             print "  User  : %10s s." % t_usr
                             print "  System: %10s s." % t_sys
                         else:
                             runs = range(nruns)
                             t0 = clock2()
                             for nr in runs:
                                 runner(filename,prog_ns,prog_ns,
                                        exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
                             t1 = clock2()
                             t_usr = t1[0]-t0[0]
                             t_sys = t1[1]-t1[1]
                             print "\nIPython CPU timings (estimated):"
                             print "Total runs performed:",nruns
                             print "  Times : %10s    %10s" % ('Total','Per run')
                             print "  User  : %10s s, %10s s." % (t_usr,t_usr/nruns)
                             print "  System: %10s s, %10s s." % (t_sys,t_sys/nruns)
                             
                     else:
                         runner(filename,prog_ns,prog_ns,exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
                 if opts.has_key('i'):
                     self.shell.user_ns['__name__'] = __name__save
                 else:
                     # update IPython interactive namespace
                     del prog_ns['__name__']
                     self.shell.user_ns.update(prog_ns)
         finally:
             sys.argv = save_argv
             if restore_main:
                 sys.modules['__main__'] = restore_main
-            if self.shell.has_readline:
-                self.shell.readline.read_history_file(self.shell.histfile)
+            self.shell.reloadhist()
                 
         return stats
 
     def magic_runlog(self, parameter_s =''):
         """Run files as logs.
 
         Usage:\\
           %runlog file1 file2 ...
 
         Run the named files (treating them as log files) in sequence inside
         the interpreter, and return to the prompt.  This is much slower than
         %run because each line is executed in a try/except block, but it
         allows running files with syntax errors in them.
 
         Normally IPython will guess when a file is one of its own logfiles, so
         you can typically use %run even for logs. This shorthand allows you to
         force any file to be treated as a log file."""
 
         for f in parameter_s.split():
             self.shell.safe_execfile(f,self.shell.user_ns,
                                      self.shell.user_ns,islog=1)
 
     def magic_timeit(self, parameter_s =''):
         """Time execution of a Python statement or expression
 
         Usage:\\
           %timeit [-n<N> -r<R> [-t|-c]] statement
 
         Time execution of a Python statement or expression using the timeit
         module.
 
         Options:
         -n<N>: execute the given statement <N> times in a loop. If this value
         is not given, a fitting value is chosen. 
         
         -r<R>: repeat the loop iteration <R> times and take the best result.
         Default: 3
         
         -t: use time.time to measure the time, which is the default on Unix.
         This function measures wall time.
         
         -c: use time.clock to measure the time, which is the default on
         Windows and measures wall time. On Unix, resource.getrusage is used
         instead and returns the CPU user time.
 
         -p<P>: use a precision of <P> digits to display the timing result.
         Default: 3
 
         
         Examples:\\
           In [1]: %timeit pass
           10000000 loops, best of 3: 53.3 ns per loop
 
           In [2]: u = None
 
           In [3]: %timeit u is None
           10000000 loops, best of 3: 184 ns per loop
 
           In [4]: %timeit -r 4 u == None
           1000000 loops, best of 4: 242 ns per loop
 
           In [5]: import time
 
           In [6]: %timeit -n1 time.sleep(2)
           1 loops, best of 3: 2 s per loop
           
 
         The times reported by %timeit will be slightly higher than those
         reported by the timeit.py script when variables are accessed. This is
         due to the fact that %timeit executes the statement in the namespace
         of the shell, compared with timeit.py, which uses a single setup
         statement to import function or create variables. Generally, the bias
         does not matter as long as results from timeit.py are not mixed with
         those from %timeit."""
 
         import timeit
         import math
 
         units = ["s", "ms", "\xc2\xb5s", "ns"]
         scaling = [1, 1e3, 1e6, 1e9]
 
         opts, stmt = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'n:r:tcp:',
                                         posix=False)
         if stmt == "":
             return
         timefunc = timeit.default_timer
         number = int(getattr(opts, "n", 0))
         repeat = int(getattr(opts, "r", timeit.default_repeat))
         precision = int(getattr(opts, "p", 3))
         if hasattr(opts, "t"):
             timefunc = time.time
         if hasattr(opts, "c"):
             timefunc = clock
 
         timer = timeit.Timer(timer=timefunc)
         # this code has tight coupling to the inner workings of timeit.Timer,
         # but is there a better way to achieve that the code stmt has access
         # to the shell namespace?
 
         src = timeit.template % {'stmt': timeit.reindent(stmt, 8),
                                  'setup': "pass"}
         code = compile(src, "<magic-timeit>", "exec")
         ns = {}
         exec code in self.shell.user_ns, ns
         timer.inner = ns["inner"]
         
         if number == 0:
             # determine number so that 0.2 <= total time < 2.0
             number = 1
             for i in range(1, 10):
                 number *= 10
                 if timer.timeit(number) >= 0.2:
                     break
         
         best = min(timer.repeat(repeat, number)) / number
 
         if best > 0.0:
             order = min(-int(math.floor(math.log10(best)) // 3), 3)
         else:
             order = 3
         print "%d loops, best of %d: %.*g %s per loop" % (number, repeat,
                                                           precision,
                                                           best * scaling[order],
                                                           units[order])
         
     def magic_time(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Time execution of a Python statement or expression.
 
         The CPU and wall clock times are printed, and the value of the
         expression (if any) is returned.  Note that under Win32, system time
         is always reported as 0, since it can not be measured.
 
         This function provides very basic timing functionality.  In Python
         2.3, the timeit module offers more control and sophistication, so this
         could be rewritten to use it (patches welcome).
         
         Some examples:
 
           In [1]: time 2**128
           CPU times: user 0.00 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 0.00 s
           Wall time: 0.00
           Out[1]: 340282366920938463463374607431768211456L
 
           In [2]: n = 1000000
 
           In [3]: time sum(range(n))
           CPU times: user 1.20 s, sys: 0.05 s, total: 1.25 s
           Wall time: 1.37
           Out[3]: 499999500000L
 
           In [4]: time print 'hello world'
           hello world
           CPU times: user 0.00 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 0.00 s
           Wall time: 0.00
           """
         
         # fail immediately if the given expression can't be compiled
         try:
             mode = 'eval'
             code = compile(parameter_s,'<timed eval>',mode)
         except SyntaxError:
             mode = 'exec'
             code = compile(parameter_s,'<timed exec>',mode)
         # skew measurement as little as possible
         glob = self.shell.user_ns
         clk = clock2
         wtime = time.time
         # time execution
         wall_st = wtime()
         if mode=='eval':
             st = clk()
             out = eval(code,glob)
             end = clk()
         else:
             st = clk()
             exec code in glob
             end = clk()
             out = None
         wall_end = wtime()
         # Compute actual times and report
         wall_time = wall_end-wall_st
         cpu_user = end[0]-st[0]
         cpu_sys = end[1]-st[1]
         cpu_tot = cpu_user+cpu_sys
         print "CPU times: user %.2f s, sys: %.2f s, total: %.2f s" % \
               (cpu_user,cpu_sys,cpu_tot)
         print "Wall time: %.2f" % wall_time
         return out
 
     def magic_macro(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Define a set of input lines as a macro for future re-execution.
 
         Usage:\\
           %macro [options] name n1-n2 n3-n4 ... n5 .. n6 ...
 
         Options:
         
           -r: use 'raw' input.  By default, the 'processed' history is used,
           so that magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid
           Python.  If this option is given, the raw input as typed as the
           command line is used instead.
 
         This will define a global variable called `name` which is a string
         made of joining the slices and lines you specify (n1,n2,... numbers
         above) from your input history into a single string. This variable
         acts like an automatic function which re-executes those lines as if
         you had typed them. You just type 'name' at the prompt and the code
         executes.
 
         The notation for indicating number ranges is: n1-n2 means 'use line
         numbers n1,...n2' (the endpoint is included).  That is, '5-7' means
         using the lines numbered 5,6 and 7.
 
         Note: as a 'hidden' feature, you can also use traditional python slice
         notation, where N:M means numbers N through M-1.
 
         For example, if your history contains (%hist prints it):
         
           44: x=1\\
           45: y=3\\
           46: z=x+y\\
           47: print x\\
           48: a=5\\
           49: print 'x',x,'y',y\\
 
         you can create a macro with lines 44 through 47 (included) and line 49
         called my_macro with:
 
           In [51]: %macro my_macro 44-47 49
 
         Now, typing `my_macro` (without quotes) will re-execute all this code
         in one pass.
 
         You don't need to give the line-numbers in order, and any given line
         number can appear multiple times. You can assemble macros with any
         lines from your input history in any order.
 
         The macro is a simple object which holds its value in an attribute,
         but IPython's display system checks for macros and executes them as
         code instead of printing them when you type their name.
 
         You can view a macro's contents by explicitly printing it with:
         
           'print macro_name'.
 
         For one-off cases which DON'T contain magic function calls in them you
         can obtain similar results by explicitly executing slices from your
         input history with:
 
           In [60]: exec In[44:48]+In[49]"""
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'r',mode='list')
         name,ranges = args[0], args[1:]
         #print 'rng',ranges  # dbg
         lines = self.extract_input_slices(ranges,opts.has_key('r'))
         macro = Macro(lines)
         self.shell.user_ns.update({name:macro})
         print 'Macro `%s` created. To execute, type its name (without quotes).' % name
         print 'Macro contents:'
         print macro,
 
     def magic_save(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Save a set of lines to a given filename.
 
         Usage:\\
           %save [options] filename n1-n2 n3-n4 ... n5 .. n6 ...
 
         Options:
         
           -r: use 'raw' input.  By default, the 'processed' history is used,
           so that magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid
           Python.  If this option is given, the raw input as typed as the
           command line is used instead.
 
         This function uses the same syntax as %macro for line extraction, but
         instead of creating a macro it saves the resulting string to the
         filename you specify.
 
         It adds a '.py' extension to the file if you don't do so yourself, and
         it asks for confirmation before overwriting existing files."""
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'r',mode='list')
         fname,ranges = args[0], args[1:]
         if not fname.endswith('.py'):
             fname += '.py'
         if os.path.isfile(fname):
             ans = raw_input('File `%s` exists. Overwrite (y/[N])? ' % fname)
             if ans.lower() not in ['y','yes']:
                 print 'Operation cancelled.'
                 return
         cmds = ''.join(self.extract_input_slices(ranges,opts.has_key('r')))
         f = file(fname,'w')
         f.write(cmds)
         f.close()
         print 'The following commands were written to file `%s`:' % fname
         print cmds
 
     def _edit_macro(self,mname,macro):
         """open an editor with the macro data in a file"""
         filename = self.shell.mktempfile(macro.value)
         self.shell.hooks.editor(filename)
 
         # and make a new macro object, to replace the old one
         mfile = open(filename)
         mvalue = mfile.read()
         mfile.close()
         self.shell.user_ns[mname] = Macro(mvalue)
 
     def magic_ed(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Alias to %edit."""
         return self.magic_edit(parameter_s)
 
     def magic_edit(self,parameter_s='',last_call=['','']):
         """Bring up an editor and execute the resulting code.
 
         Usage:
           %edit [options] [args]
 
         %edit runs IPython's editor hook.  The default version of this hook is
         set to call the __IPYTHON__.rc.editor command.  This is read from your
         environment variable $EDITOR.  If this isn't found, it will default to
         vi under Linux/Unix and to notepad under Windows.  See the end of this
         docstring for how to change the editor hook.
 
         You can also set the value of this editor via the command line option
         '-editor' or in your ipythonrc file. This is useful if you wish to use
         specifically for IPython an editor different from your typical default
         (and for Windows users who typically don't set environment variables).
 
         This command allows you to conveniently edit multi-line code right in
         your IPython session.
         
         If called without arguments, %edit opens up an empty editor with a
         temporary file and will execute the contents of this file when you
         close it (don't forget to save it!).
 
 
         Options:
 
         -n <number>: open the editor at a specified line number.  By default,
         the IPython editor hook uses the unix syntax 'editor +N filename', but
         you can configure this by providing your own modified hook if your
         favorite editor supports line-number specifications with a different
         syntax.
         
         -p: this will call the editor with the same data as the previous time
         it was used, regardless of how long ago (in your current session) it
         was.
 
         -r: use 'raw' input.  This option only applies to input taken from the
         user's history.  By default, the 'processed' history is used, so that
         magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid Python.  If
         this option is given, the raw input as typed as the command line is
         used instead.  When you exit the editor, it will be executed by
         IPython's own processor.
         
         -x: do not execute the edited code immediately upon exit. This is
         mainly useful if you are editing programs which need to be called with
         command line arguments, which you can then do using %run.
 
 
         Arguments:
 
         If arguments are given, the following possibilites exist:
 
         - The arguments are numbers or pairs of colon-separated numbers (like
         1 4:8 9). These are interpreted as lines of previous input to be
         loaded into the editor. The syntax is the same of the %macro command.
 
         - If the argument doesn't start with a number, it is evaluated as a
         variable and its contents loaded into the editor. You can thus edit
         any string which contains python code (including the result of
         previous edits).
 
         - If the argument is the name of an object (other than a string),
         IPython will try to locate the file where it was defined and open the
         editor at the point where it is defined. You can use `%edit function`
         to load an editor exactly at the point where 'function' is defined,
         edit it and have the file be executed automatically.
 
         If the object is a macro (see %macro for details), this opens up your
         specified editor with a temporary file containing the macro's data.
         Upon exit, the macro is reloaded with the contents of the file.
 
         Note: opening at an exact line is only supported under Unix, and some
         editors (like kedit and gedit up to Gnome 2.8) do not understand the
         '+NUMBER' parameter necessary for this feature. Good editors like
         (X)Emacs, vi, jed, pico and joe all do.
 
         - If the argument is not found as a variable, IPython will look for a
         file with that name (adding .py if necessary) and load it into the
         editor. It will execute its contents with execfile() when you exit,
         loading any code in the file into your interactive namespace.
 
         After executing your code, %edit will return as output the code you
         typed in the editor (except when it was an existing file). This way
         you can reload the code in further invocations of %edit as a variable,
         via _<NUMBER> or Out[<NUMBER>], where <NUMBER> is the prompt number of
         the output.
 
         Note that %edit is also available through the alias %ed.
 
         This is an example of creating a simple function inside the editor and
         then modifying it. First, start up the editor:
 
         In [1]: ed\\
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...\\
         Out[1]: 'def foo():\\n    print "foo() was defined in an editing session"\\n'
 
         We can then call the function foo():
         
         In [2]: foo()\\
         foo() was defined in an editing session
 
         Now we edit foo.  IPython automatically loads the editor with the
         (temporary) file where foo() was previously defined:
         
         In [3]: ed foo\\
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
 
         And if we call foo() again we get the modified version:
         
         In [4]: foo()\\
         foo() has now been changed!
 
         Here is an example of how to edit a code snippet successive
         times. First we call the editor:
 
         In [8]: ed\\
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...\\
         hello\\
         Out[8]: "print 'hello'\\n"
 
         Now we call it again with the previous output (stored in _):
 
         In [9]: ed _\\
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...\\
         hello world\\
         Out[9]: "print 'hello world'\\n"
 
         Now we call it with the output #8 (stored in _8, also as Out[8]):
 
         In [10]: ed _8\\
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...\\
         hello again\\
         Out[10]: "print 'hello again'\\n"
 
 
         Changing the default editor hook:
 
         If you wish to write your own editor hook, you can put it in a
         configuration file which you load at startup time.  The default hook
         is defined in the IPython.hooks module, and you can use that as a
         starting example for further modifications.  That file also has
         general instructions on how to set a new hook for use once you've
         defined it."""
         
         # FIXME: This function has become a convoluted mess.  It needs a
         # ground-up rewrite with clean, simple logic.
 
         def make_filename(arg):
             "Make a filename from the given args"
             try:
                 filename = get_py_filename(arg)
             except IOError:
                 if args.endswith('.py'):
                     filename = arg
                 else:
                     filename = None
             return filename
 
         # custom exceptions
         class DataIsObject(Exception): pass
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'prxn:')
         # Set a few locals from the options for convenience:
         opts_p = opts.has_key('p')
         opts_r = opts.has_key('r')
         
         # Default line number value
         lineno = opts.get('n',None)
 
         if opts_p:
             args = '_%s' % last_call[0]
             if not self.shell.user_ns.has_key(args):
                 args = last_call[1]
             
         # use last_call to remember the state of the previous call, but don't
         # let it be clobbered by successive '-p' calls.
         try:
             last_call[0] = self.shell.outputcache.prompt_count
             if not opts_p:
                 last_call[1] = parameter_s
         except:
             pass
 
         # by default this is done with temp files, except when the given
         # arg is a filename
         use_temp = 1
 
         if re.match(r'\d',args):
             # Mode where user specifies ranges of lines, like in %macro.
             # This means that you can't edit files whose names begin with
             # numbers this way. Tough.
             ranges = args.split()
             data = ''.join(self.extract_input_slices(ranges,opts_r))
         elif args.endswith('.py'):
             filename = make_filename(args)
             data = ''
             use_temp = 0
         elif args:
             try:
                 # Load the parameter given as a variable. If not a string,
                 # process it as an object instead (below)
 
                 #print '*** args',args,'type',type(args)  # dbg
                 data = eval(args,self.shell.user_ns)
                 if not type(data) in StringTypes:
                     raise DataIsObject
 
             except (NameError,SyntaxError):
                 # given argument is not a variable, try as a filename
                 filename = make_filename(args)
                 if filename is None:
                     warn("Argument given (%s) can't be found as a variable "
                          "or as a filename." % args)
                     return
 
                 data = ''
                 use_temp = 0
             except DataIsObject:
 
                 # macros have a special edit function
                 if isinstance(data,Macro):
                     self._edit_macro(args,data)
                     return
                 
                 # For objects, try to edit the file where they are defined
                 try:
                     filename = inspect.getabsfile(data)
                     datafile = 1
                 except TypeError:
                     filename = make_filename(args)
                     datafile = 1
                     warn('Could not find file where `%s` is defined.\n'
                          'Opening a file named `%s`' % (args,filename))
                 # Now, make sure we can actually read the source (if it was in
                 # a temp file it's gone by now).
                 if datafile:
                     try:
                         if lineno is None:
                             lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(data)[1]
                     except IOError:
                         filename = make_filename(args)
                         if filename is None:
                             warn('The file `%s` where `%s` was defined cannot '
                                  'be read.' % (filename,data))
                             return
                 use_temp = 0
         else:
             data = ''
 
         if use_temp:
             filename = self.shell.mktempfile(data)
             print 'IPython will make a temporary file named:',filename
 
         # do actual editing here
         print 'Editing...',
         sys.stdout.flush()
         self.shell.hooks.editor(filename,lineno)
         if opts.has_key('x'):  # -x prevents actual execution
             print
         else:
             print 'done. Executing edited code...'
             if opts_r:
                 self.shell.runlines(file_read(filename))
             else:
                 self.shell.safe_execfile(filename,self.shell.user_ns)
         if use_temp:
             try:
                 return open(filename).read()
             except IOError,msg:
                 if msg.filename == filename:
                     warn('File not found. Did you forget to save?')
                     return
                 else:
                     self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def magic_xmode(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Switch modes for the exception handlers.
 
         Valid modes: Plain, Context and Verbose.
 
         If called without arguments, acts as a toggle."""
 
         def xmode_switch_err(name):
             warn('Error changing %s exception modes.\n%s' %
                  (name,sys.exc_info()[1]))
 
         shell = self.shell
         new_mode = parameter_s.strip().capitalize()
         try:
             shell.InteractiveTB.set_mode(mode=new_mode)
             print 'Exception reporting mode:',shell.InteractiveTB.mode
         except:
             xmode_switch_err('user')
 
         # threaded shells use a special handler in sys.excepthook
         if shell.isthreaded:
             try:
                 shell.sys_excepthook.set_mode(mode=new_mode)
             except:
                 xmode_switch_err('threaded')
             
     def magic_colors(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Switch color scheme for prompts, info system and exception handlers.
 
         Currently implemented schemes: NoColor, Linux, LightBG.
 
         Color scheme names are not case-sensitive."""
 
         def color_switch_err(name):
             warn('Error changing %s color schemes.\n%s' %
                  (name,sys.exc_info()[1]))
             
         
         new_scheme = parameter_s.strip()
         if not new_scheme:
             print 'You must specify a color scheme.'
             return
         import IPython.rlineimpl as readline
         if not readline.have_readline:
             msg = """\
 Proper color support under MS Windows requires the pyreadline library.
 You can find it at:
 http://ipython.scipy.org/moin/PyReadline/Intro
 Gary's readline needs the ctypes module, from:
 http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/ctypes
 (Note that ctypes is already part of Python versions 2.5 and newer).
 
 Defaulting color scheme to 'NoColor'"""
             new_scheme = 'NoColor'
             warn(msg)
         # local shortcut
         shell = self.shell
         
         # Set prompt colors
         try:
             shell.outputcache.set_colors(new_scheme)
         except:
             color_switch_err('prompt')
         else:
             shell.rc.colors = \
                        shell.outputcache.color_table.active_scheme_name
         # Set exception colors
         try:
             shell.InteractiveTB.set_colors(scheme = new_scheme)
             shell.SyntaxTB.set_colors(scheme = new_scheme)
         except:
             color_switch_err('exception')
 
         # threaded shells use a verbose traceback in sys.excepthook
         if shell.isthreaded:
             try:
                 shell.sys_excepthook.set_colors(scheme=new_scheme)
             except:
                 color_switch_err('system exception handler')
         
         # Set info (for 'object?') colors
         if shell.rc.color_info:
             try:
                 shell.inspector.set_active_scheme(new_scheme)
             except:
                 color_switch_err('object inspector')
         else:
             shell.inspector.set_active_scheme('NoColor')
                 
     def magic_color_info(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Toggle color_info.
 
         The color_info configuration parameter controls whether colors are
         used for displaying object details (by things like %psource, %pfile or
         the '?' system). This function toggles this value with each call.
 
         Note that unless you have a fairly recent pager (less works better
         than more) in your system, using colored object information displays
         will not work properly. Test it and see."""
         
         self.shell.rc.color_info = 1 - self.shell.rc.color_info
         self.magic_colors(self.shell.rc.colors)
         print 'Object introspection functions have now coloring:',
         print ['OFF','ON'][self.shell.rc.color_info]
 
     def magic_Pprint(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Toggle pretty printing on/off."""
         
         self.shell.rc.pprint = 1 - self.shell.rc.pprint
         print 'Pretty printing has been turned', \
               ['OFF','ON'][self.shell.rc.pprint]
         
     def magic_exit(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Exit IPython, confirming if configured to do so.
 
         You can configure whether IPython asks for confirmation upon exit by
         setting the confirm_exit flag in the ipythonrc file."""
 
         self.shell.exit()
 
     def magic_quit(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Exit IPython, confirming if configured to do so (like %exit)"""
 
         self.shell.exit()
         
     def magic_Exit(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Exit IPython without confirmation."""
 
         self.shell.exit_now = True
 
     def magic_Quit(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Exit IPython without confirmation (like %Exit)."""
 
         self.shell.exit_now = True
         
     #......................................................................
     # Functions to implement unix shell-type things
     
     def magic_alias(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Define an alias for a system command.
 
         '%alias alias_name cmd' defines 'alias_name' as an alias for 'cmd'
 
         Then, typing 'alias_name params' will execute the system command 'cmd
         params' (from your underlying operating system).
 
         Aliases have lower precedence than magic functions and Python normal
         variables, so if 'foo' is both a Python variable and an alias, the
         alias can not be executed until 'del foo' removes the Python variable.
 
         You can use the %l specifier in an alias definition to represent the
         whole line when the alias is called.  For example:
 
           In [2]: alias all echo "Input in brackets: <%l>"\\
           In [3]: all hello world\\
           Input in brackets: <hello world>
 
         You can also define aliases with parameters using %s specifiers (one
         per parameter):
         
           In [1]: alias parts echo first %s second %s\\
           In [2]: %parts A B\\
           first A second B\\
           In [3]: %parts A\\
           Incorrect number of arguments: 2 expected.\\
           parts is an alias to: 'echo first %s second %s'
 
         Note that %l and %s are mutually exclusive.  You can only use one or
         the other in your aliases.
 
         Aliases expand Python variables just like system calls using ! or !! 
         do: all expressions prefixed with '$' get expanded.  For details of
         the semantic rules, see PEP-215:
         http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0215.html.  This is the library used by
         IPython for variable expansion.  If you want to access a true shell
         variable, an extra $ is necessary to prevent its expansion by IPython:
 
         In [6]: alias show echo\\
         In [7]: PATH='A Python string'\\
         In [8]: show $PATH\\
         A Python string\\
         In [9]: show $$PATH\\
         /usr/local/lf9560/bin:/usr/local/intel/compiler70/ia32/bin:...
 
         You can use the alias facility to acess all of $PATH.  See the %rehash
         and %rehashx functions, which automatically create aliases for the
         contents of your $PATH.
 
         If called with no parameters, %alias prints the current alias table."""
 
         par = parameter_s.strip()
         if not par:
             stored = self.db.get('stored_aliases', {} )
             atab = self.shell.alias_table
             aliases = atab.keys()
             aliases.sort()
             res = []
             showlast = []
             for alias in aliases:
                 tgt = atab[alias][1]
                 # 'interesting' aliases
                 if (alias in stored or 
                     alias != os.path.splitext(tgt)[0] or
                     ' ' in tgt):
                     showlast.append((alias, tgt))
                 else:
                     res.append((alias, tgt ))                
             
             # show most interesting aliases last
             res.extend(showlast)
             print "Total number of aliases:",len(aliases)
             return res
         try:
             alias,cmd = par.split(None,1)
         except:
             print OInspect.getdoc(self.magic_alias)
         else:
             nargs = cmd.count('%s')
             if nargs>0 and cmd.find('%l')>=0:
                 error('The %s and %l specifiers are mutually exclusive '
                       'in alias definitions.')
             else:  # all looks OK
                 self.shell.alias_table[alias] = (nargs,cmd)
                 self.shell.alias_table_validate(verbose=0)
     # end magic_alias
 
     def magic_unalias(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Remove an alias"""
 
         aname = parameter_s.strip()
         if aname in self.shell.alias_table:
             del self.shell.alias_table[aname]
         stored = self.db.get('stored_aliases', {} )
         if aname in stored:
             print "Removing %stored alias",aname
             del stored[aname]
             self.db['stored_aliases'] = stored
             
     def magic_rehash(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Update the alias table with all entries in $PATH.
 
         This version does no checks on execute permissions or whether the
         contents of $PATH are truly files (instead of directories or something
         else).  For such a safer (but slower) version, use %rehashx."""
 
         # This function (and rehashx) manipulate the alias_table directly
         # rather than calling magic_alias, for speed reasons.  A rehash on a
         # typical Linux box involves several thousand entries, so efficiency
         # here is a top concern.
         
         path = filter(os.path.isdir,os.environ['PATH'].split(os.pathsep))
         alias_table = self.shell.alias_table
         for pdir in path:
             for ff in os.listdir(pdir):
                 # each entry in the alias table must be (N,name), where
                 # N is the number of positional arguments of the alias.
                 alias_table[ff] = (0,ff)
         # Make sure the alias table doesn't contain keywords or builtins
         self.shell.alias_table_validate()
         # Call again init_auto_alias() so we get 'rm -i' and other modified
         # aliases since %rehash will probably clobber them
         self.shell.init_auto_alias()
 
     def magic_rehashx(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Update the alias table with all executable files in $PATH.
 
         This version explicitly checks that every entry in $PATH is a file
         with execute access (os.X_OK), so it is much slower than %rehash.
 
         Under Windows, it checks executability as a match agains a
         '|'-separated string of extensions, stored in the IPython config
         variable win_exec_ext.  This defaults to 'exe|com|bat'. """
         
         path = [os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(p)) for p in 
             os.environ['PATH'].split(os.pathsep)]
         path = filter(os.path.isdir,path)
         
         alias_table = self.shell.alias_table
         syscmdlist = []
         if os.name == 'posix':
             isexec = lambda fname:os.path.isfile(fname) and \
                      os.access(fname,os.X_OK)
         else:
 
             try:
                 winext = os.environ['pathext'].replace(';','|').replace('.','')
             except KeyError:
                 winext = 'exe|com|bat|py'
             if 'py' not in winext:
                 winext += '|py'
             execre = re.compile(r'(.*)\.(%s)$' % winext,re.IGNORECASE)
             isexec = lambda fname:os.path.isfile(fname) and execre.match(fname)
         savedir = os.getcwd()
         try:
             # write the whole loop for posix/Windows so we don't have an if in
             # the innermost part
             if os.name == 'posix':
                 for pdir in path:
                     os.chdir(pdir)
                     for ff in os.listdir(pdir):
                         if isexec(ff) and ff not in self.shell.no_alias:
                             # each entry in the alias table must be (N,name),
                             # where N is the number of positional arguments of the
                             # alias.
                             alias_table[ff] = (0,ff)
                             syscmdlist.append(ff)
             else:
                 for pdir in path:
                     os.chdir(pdir)
                     for ff in os.listdir(pdir):
                         base, ext = os.path.splitext(ff)
                         if isexec(ff) and base not in self.shell.no_alias:
                             if ext.lower() == '.exe':
                                 ff = base
                             alias_table[base] = (0,ff)
                             syscmdlist.append(ff)
             # Make sure the alias table doesn't contain keywords or builtins
             self.shell.alias_table_validate()
             # Call again init_auto_alias() so we get 'rm -i' and other
             # modified aliases since %rehashx will probably clobber them
             self.shell.init_auto_alias()
             db = self.getapi().db
             db['syscmdlist'] = syscmdlist
         finally:
             os.chdir(savedir)
         
     def magic_pwd(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Return the current working directory path."""
         return os.getcwd()
 
     def magic_cd(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Change the current working directory.
 
         This command automatically maintains an internal list of directories
         you visit during your IPython session, in the variable _dh. The
         command %dhist shows this history nicely formatted. You can also
         do 'cd -<tab>' to see directory history conveniently.
 
         Usage:
 
           cd 'dir': changes to directory 'dir'.
 
           cd -: changes to the last visited directory.
 
           cd -<n>: changes to the n-th directory in the directory history.
 
           cd -b <bookmark_name>: jump to a bookmark set by %bookmark
              (note: cd <bookmark_name> is enough if there is no
               directory <bookmark_name>, but a bookmark with the name exists.)
               'cd -b <tab>' allows you to tab-complete bookmark names. 
 
         Options:
 
         -q: quiet.  Do not print the working directory after the cd command is
         executed.  By default IPython's cd command does print this directory,
         since the default prompts do not display path information.
         
         Note that !cd doesn't work for this purpose because the shell where
         !command runs is immediately discarded after executing 'command'."""
 
         parameter_s = parameter_s.strip()
         #bkms = self.shell.persist.get("bookmarks",{})
 
         numcd = re.match(r'(-)(\d+)$',parameter_s)
         # jump in directory history by number
         if numcd:
             nn = int(numcd.group(2))
             try:
                 ps = self.shell.user_ns['_dh'][nn]
             except IndexError:
                 print 'The requested directory does not exist in history.'
                 return
             else:
                 opts = {}
         else:
             #turn all non-space-escaping backslashes to slashes, 
             # for c:\windows\directory\names\
             parameter_s = re.sub(r'\\(?! )','/', parameter_s)            
             opts,ps = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'qb',mode='string')
         # jump to previous
         if ps == '-':
             try:
                 ps = self.shell.user_ns['_dh'][-2]
             except IndexError:
                 print 'No previous directory to change to.'
                 return
         # jump to bookmark if needed
         else:
             if not os.path.isdir(ps) or opts.has_key('b'):
                 bkms = self.db.get('bookmarks', {})
             
                 if bkms.has_key(ps):
                     target = bkms[ps]
                     print '(bookmark:%s) -> %s' % (ps,target)
                     ps = target
                 else:
                     if opts.has_key('b'):
                         error("Bookmark '%s' not found.  "
                               "Use '%%bookmark -l' to see your bookmarks." % ps)
                         return
             
         # at this point ps should point to the target dir
         if ps:
             try:
                 os.chdir(os.path.expanduser(ps))
                 if self.shell.rc.term_title:
                     #print 'set term title:',self.shell.rc.term_title  # dbg
                     ttitle = ("IPy:" + (
                         os.getcwd() == '/' and '/' or \
                         os.path.basename(os.getcwd())))
                     platutils.set_term_title(ttitle)
             except OSError:
                 print sys.exc_info()[1]
             else:
                 self.shell.user_ns['_dh'].append(os.getcwd())
         else:
             os.chdir(self.shell.home_dir)
             if self.shell.rc.term_title:
                 platutils.set_term_title("IPy:~")
             self.shell.user_ns['_dh'].append(os.getcwd())
         if not 'q' in opts:
             print self.shell.user_ns['_dh'][-1]
 
     def magic_dhist(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print your history of visited directories.
 
         %dhist       -> print full history\\
         %dhist n     -> print last n entries only\\
         %dhist n1 n2 -> print entries between n1 and n2 (n1 not included)\\
 
         This history is automatically maintained by the %cd command, and
         always available as the global list variable _dh. You can use %cd -<n>
         to go to directory number <n>."""
 
         dh = self.shell.user_ns['_dh']
         if parameter_s:
             try:
                 args = map(int,parameter_s.split())
             except:
                 self.arg_err(Magic.magic_dhist)
                 return
             if len(args) == 1:
                 ini,fin = max(len(dh)-(args[0]),0),len(dh)
             elif len(args) == 2:
                 ini,fin = args
             else:
                 self.arg_err(Magic.magic_dhist)
                 return
         else:
             ini,fin = 0,len(dh)
         nlprint(dh,
                 header = 'Directory history (kept in _dh)',
                 start=ini,stop=fin)
 
     def magic_env(self, parameter_s=''):
         """List environment variables."""
         
         return os.environ.data
 
     def magic_pushd(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Place the current dir on stack and change directory.
         
         Usage:\\
           %pushd ['dirname']
 
         %pushd with no arguments does a %pushd to your home directory.
         """
         if parameter_s == '': parameter_s = '~'
         dir_s = self.shell.dir_stack
         if len(dir_s)>0 and os.path.expanduser(parameter_s) != \
            os.path.expanduser(self.shell.dir_stack[0]):
             try:
                 self.magic_cd(parameter_s)
                 dir_s.insert(0,os.getcwd().replace(self.home_dir,'~'))
                 self.magic_dirs()
             except:
                 print 'Invalid directory'
         else:
             print 'You are already there!'
 
     def magic_popd(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Change to directory popped off the top of the stack.
         """
         if len (self.shell.dir_stack) > 1:
             self.shell.dir_stack.pop(0)
             self.magic_cd(self.shell.dir_stack[0])
             print self.shell.dir_stack[0]
         else:
             print "You can't remove the starting directory from the stack:",\
                   self.shell.dir_stack
 
     def magic_dirs(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Return the current directory stack."""
 
         return self.shell.dir_stack[:]
 
     def magic_sc(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Shell capture - execute a shell command and capture its output.
 
         DEPRECATED. Suboptimal, retained for backwards compatibility.
         
         You should use the form 'var = !command' instead. Example:
          
          "%sc -l myfiles = ls ~" should now be written as
             
          "myfiles = !ls ~"
          
         myfiles.s, myfiles.l and myfiles.n still apply as documented
         below.
 
         --
         %sc [options] varname=command
 
         IPython will run the given command using commands.getoutput(), and
         will then update the user's interactive namespace with a variable
         called varname, containing the value of the call.  Your command can
         contain shell wildcards, pipes, etc.
 
         The '=' sign in the syntax is mandatory, and the variable name you
         supply must follow Python's standard conventions for valid names.
         
         (A special format without variable name exists for internal use)
 
         Options:
 
           -l: list output.  Split the output on newlines into a list before
           assigning it to the given variable.  By default the output is stored
           as a single string.
 
           -v: verbose.  Print the contents of the variable.
 
         In most cases you should not need to split as a list, because the
         returned value is a special type of string which can automatically
         provide its contents either as a list (split on newlines) or as a
         space-separated string.  These are convenient, respectively, either
         for sequential processing or to be passed to a shell command.
 
         For example:
 
             # Capture into variable a
             In [9]: sc a=ls *py
 
             # a is a string with embedded newlines
             In [10]: a
             Out[10]: 'setup.py\nwin32_manual_post_install.py'
 
             # which can be seen as a list:
             In [11]: a.l
             Out[11]: ['setup.py', 'win32_manual_post_install.py']
 
             # or as a whitespace-separated string:
             In [12]: a.s
             Out[12]: 'setup.py win32_manual_post_install.py'
 
             # a.s is useful to pass as a single command line:
             In [13]: !wc -l $a.s
               146 setup.py
               130 win32_manual_post_install.py
               276 total
 
             # while the list form is useful to loop over:
             In [14]: for f in a.l:
                ....:      !wc -l $f
                ....:
             146 setup.py
             130 win32_manual_post_install.py
 
         Similiarly, the lists returned by the -l option are also special, in
         the sense that you can equally invoke the .s attribute on them to
         automatically get a whitespace-separated string from their contents:
 
             In [1]: sc -l b=ls *py
 
             In [2]: b
             Out[2]: ['setup.py', 'win32_manual_post_install.py']
 
             In [3]: b.s
             Out[3]: 'setup.py win32_manual_post_install.py'
 
         In summary, both the lists and strings used for ouptut capture have
         the following special attributes:
 
             .l (or .list) : value as list.
             .n (or .nlstr): value as newline-separated string.
             .s (or .spstr): value as space-separated string.
         """
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'lv')
         # Try to get a variable name and command to run
         try:
             # the variable name must be obtained from the parse_options
             # output, which uses shlex.split to strip options out.
             var,_ = args.split('=',1)
             var = var.strip()
             # But the the command has to be extracted from the original input
             # parameter_s, not on what parse_options returns, to avoid the
             # quote stripping which shlex.split performs on it.
             _,cmd = parameter_s.split('=',1)
         except ValueError:
             var,cmd = '',''
         # If all looks ok, proceed
         out,err = self.shell.getoutputerror(cmd)
         if err:
             print >> Term.cerr,err
         if opts.has_key('l'):
             out = SList(out.split('\n'))
         else:
             out = LSString(out)
         if opts.has_key('v'):
             print '%s ==\n%s' % (var,pformat(out))
         if var:
             self.shell.user_ns.update({var:out})
         else:
             return out
 
     def magic_sx(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Shell execute - run a shell command and capture its output.
 
         %sx command
 
         IPython will run the given command using commands.getoutput(), and
         return the result formatted as a list (split on '\\n').  Since the
         output is _returned_, it will be stored in ipython's regular output
         cache Out[N] and in the '_N' automatic variables.
 
         Notes:
 
         1) If an input line begins with '!!', then %sx is automatically
         invoked.  That is, while:
           !ls
         causes ipython to simply issue system('ls'), typing
           !!ls
         is a shorthand equivalent to:
           %sx ls
         
         2) %sx differs from %sc in that %sx automatically splits into a list,
         like '%sc -l'.  The reason for this is to make it as easy as possible
         to process line-oriented shell output via further python commands.
         %sc is meant to provide much finer control, but requires more
         typing.
 
         3) Just like %sc -l, this is a list with special attributes:
 
           .l (or .list) : value as list.
           .n (or .nlstr): value as newline-separated string.
           .s (or .spstr): value as whitespace-separated string.
 
         This is very useful when trying to use such lists as arguments to
         system commands."""
 
         if parameter_s:
             out,err = self.shell.getoutputerror(parameter_s)
             if err:
                 print >> Term.cerr,err
             return SList(out.split('\n'))
 
     def magic_bg(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Run a job in the background, in a separate thread.
 
         For example,
 
           %bg myfunc(x,y,z=1)
 
         will execute 'myfunc(x,y,z=1)' in a background thread.  As soon as the
         execution starts, a message will be printed indicating the job
         number.  If your job number is 5, you can use
 
           myvar = jobs.result(5)  or  myvar = jobs[5].result
 
         to assign this result to variable 'myvar'.
 
         IPython has a job manager, accessible via the 'jobs' object.  You can
         type jobs? to get more information about it, and use jobs.<TAB> to see
         its attributes.  All attributes not starting with an underscore are
         meant for public use.
 
         In particular, look at the jobs.new() method, which is used to create
         new jobs.  This magic %bg function is just a convenience wrapper
         around jobs.new(), for expression-based jobs.  If you want to create a
         new job with an explicit function object and arguments, you must call
         jobs.new() directly.
 
         The jobs.new docstring also describes in detail several important
         caveats associated with a thread-based model for background job
         execution.  Type jobs.new? for details.
 
         You can check the status of all jobs with jobs.status().
 
         The jobs variable is set by IPython into the Python builtin namespace.
         If you ever declare a variable named 'jobs', you will shadow this
         name.  You can either delete your global jobs variable to regain
         access to the job manager, or make a new name and assign it manually
         to the manager (stored in IPython's namespace).  For example, to
         assign the job manager to the Jobs name, use:
 
           Jobs = __builtins__.jobs"""
         
         self.shell.jobs.new(parameter_s,self.shell.user_ns)
         
     
     def magic_bookmark(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Manage IPython's bookmark system.
 
         %bookmark <name>       - set bookmark to current dir
         %bookmark <name> <dir> - set bookmark to <dir>
         %bookmark -l           - list all bookmarks
         %bookmark -d <name>    - remove bookmark
         %bookmark -r           - remove all bookmarks
 
         You can later on access a bookmarked folder with:
           %cd -b <name>
         or simply '%cd <name>' if there is no directory called <name> AND
         there is such a bookmark defined.
 
         Your bookmarks persist through IPython sessions, but they are
         associated with each profile."""
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'drl',mode='list')
         if len(args) > 2:
             error('You can only give at most two arguments')
             return
 
         bkms = self.db.get('bookmarks',{})
             
         if opts.has_key('d'):
             try:
                 todel = args[0]
             except IndexError:
                 error('You must provide a bookmark to delete')
             else:
                 try:
                     del bkms[todel]
                 except:
                     error("Can't delete bookmark '%s'" % todel)
         elif opts.has_key('r'):
             bkms = {}
         elif opts.has_key('l'):
             bks = bkms.keys()
             bks.sort()
             if bks:
                 size = max(map(len,bks))
             else:
                 size = 0
             fmt = '%-'+str(size)+'s -> %s'
             print 'Current bookmarks:'
             for bk in bks:
                 print fmt % (bk,bkms[bk])
         else:
             if not args:
                 error("You must specify the bookmark name")
             elif len(args)==1:
                 bkms[args[0]] = os.getcwd()
             elif len(args)==2:
                 bkms[args[0]] = args[1]
         self.db['bookmarks'] = bkms
 
     def magic_pycat(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Show a syntax-highlighted file through a pager.
 
         This magic is similar to the cat utility, but it will assume the file
         to be Python source and will show it with syntax highlighting. """
         
         try:
             filename = get_py_filename(parameter_s)
             cont = file_read(filename)
         except IOError:
             try:
                 cont = eval(parameter_s,self.user_ns)
             except NameError:
                 cont = None
         if cont is None:
             print "Error: no such file or variable"
             return
             
         page(self.shell.pycolorize(cont),
              screen_lines=self.shell.rc.screen_length)
 
     def magic_cpaste(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Allows you to paste & execute a pre-formatted code block from clipboard
         
         You must terminate the block with '--' (two minus-signs) alone on the
         line. You can also provide your own sentinel with '%paste -s %%' ('%%' 
         is the new sentinel for this operation)
         
         The block is dedented prior to execution to enable execution of 
         method definitions. '>' characters at the beginning of a line is
         ignored, to allow pasting directly from e-mails. The executed block
         is also assigned to variable named 'pasted_block' for later editing
         with '%edit pasted_block'.
         
         You can also pass a variable name as an argument, e.g. '%cpaste foo'.
         This assigns the pasted block to variable 'foo' as string, without 
         dedenting or executing it.
         
         Do not be alarmed by garbled output on Windows (it's a readline bug). 
         Just press enter and type -- (and press enter again) and the block 
         will be what was just pasted.
         
         IPython statements (magics, shell escapes) are not supported (yet).
         """
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'s:',mode='string')
         par = args.strip()
         sentinel = opts.get('s','--')
         
         from IPython import iplib
         lines = []
         print "Pasting code; enter '%s' alone on the line to stop." % sentinel
         while 1:
             l = iplib.raw_input_original(':')
             if l ==sentinel:
                 break
             lines.append(l.lstrip('>'))
         block = "\n".join(lines) + '\n'
         #print "block:\n",block
         if not par:
             b = textwrap.dedent(block)
             exec b in self.user_ns            
             self.user_ns['pasted_block'] = b
         else:
             self.user_ns[par] = block
             print "Block assigned to '%s'" % par
             
     def magic_quickref(self,arg):
         """ Show a quick reference sheet """
         import IPython.usage
         qr = IPython.usage.quick_reference + self.magic_magic('-brief')
         
         page(qr)
         
     def magic_upgrade(self,arg):
         """ Upgrade your IPython installation
         
         This will copy the config files that don't yet exist in your 
         ipython dir from the system config dir. Use this after upgrading 
         IPython if you don't wish to delete your .ipython dir.
 
         Call with -nolegacy to get rid of ipythonrc* files (recommended for
         new users)
 
         """
         ip = self.getapi()
         ipinstallation = path(IPython.__file__).dirname()
         upgrade_script = '%s "%s"' % (sys.executable,ipinstallation / 'upgrade_dir.py')
         src_config = ipinstallation / 'UserConfig'
         userdir = path(ip.options.ipythondir)
         cmd = '%s "%s" "%s"' % (upgrade_script, src_config, userdir)
         print ">",cmd
         shell(cmd)
         if arg == '-nolegacy':
             legacy = userdir.files('ipythonrc*')
             print "Nuking legacy files:",legacy
             
             [p.remove() for p in legacy]
             suffix = (sys.platform == 'win32' and '.ini' or '')
             (userdir / ('ipythonrc' + suffix)).write_text('# Empty, see ipy_user_conf.py\n')
 
 # end Magic

IPython/PyColorize.py

@@ -1,281 +1,282 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
     Class and program to colorize python source code for ANSI terminals.
 
     Based on an HTML code highlighter by Jurgen Hermann found at:
     http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/52298
 
     Modifications by Fernando Perez ([e-mail]).
 
     Information on the original HTML highlighter follows:
     
     MoinMoin - Python Source Parser
 
     Title:olorize Python source using the built-in tokenizer
            
     Submitter: Jurgen Hermann
     Last Updated:2001/04/06
            
     Version no:1.2
 
     Description:
 
     This code is part of MoinMoin (http://moin.sourceforge.net/) and converts
     Python source code to HTML markup, rendering comments, keywords,
     operators, numeric and string literals in different colors.
 
     It shows how to use the built-in keyword, token and tokenize modules to
     scan Python source code and re-emit it with no changes to its original
     formatting (which is the hard part).
 
-    $Id: PyColorize.py 2205 2007-04-04 06:04:01Z fperez $"""
+    $Id: PyColorize.py 2225 2007-04-08 02:48:16Z jdh2358 $"""
 
 __all__ = ['ANSICodeColors','Parser']
 
 _scheme_default = 'Linux'
 
 # Imports
 import cStringIO
 import keyword
 import os
 import string
 import sys
 import token
 import tokenize
 
 from IPython.ColorANSI import *
 
 #############################################################################
 ### Python Source Parser (does Hilighting)
 #############################################################################
 
 _KEYWORD = token.NT_OFFSET + 1
 _TEXT    = token.NT_OFFSET + 2
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Builtin color schemes
 
 Colors = TermColors  # just a shorthand
 
 # Build a few color schemes
 NoColor = ColorScheme(
     'NoColor',{
     token.NUMBER     : Colors.NoColor,
     token.OP         : Colors.NoColor,
     token.STRING     : Colors.NoColor,
     tokenize.COMMENT : Colors.NoColor,
     token.NAME       : Colors.NoColor,
     token.ERRORTOKEN : Colors.NoColor,
 
     _KEYWORD         : Colors.NoColor,
     _TEXT            : Colors.NoColor,
 
     'normal'         : Colors.NoColor  # color off (usu. Colors.Normal)
     }  )
 
 LinuxColors = ColorScheme(
     'Linux',{
     token.NUMBER     : Colors.LightCyan,
     token.OP         : Colors.Yellow,
     token.STRING     : Colors.LightBlue,
     tokenize.COMMENT : Colors.LightRed,
     token.NAME       : Colors.White,
     token.ERRORTOKEN : Colors.Red,
 
     _KEYWORD         : Colors.LightGreen,
     _TEXT            : Colors.Yellow,
 
     'normal'         : Colors.Normal  # color off (usu. Colors.Normal)
     } )
 
 LightBGColors = ColorScheme(
     'LightBG',{
     token.NUMBER     : Colors.Cyan,
     token.OP         : Colors.Blue,
     token.STRING     : Colors.Blue,
     tokenize.COMMENT : Colors.Red,
     token.NAME       : Colors.Black,
     token.ERRORTOKEN : Colors.Red,
 
     _KEYWORD         : Colors.Green,
     _TEXT            : Colors.Blue,
 
     'normal'         : Colors.Normal  # color off (usu. Colors.Normal)
     }  )
 
 # Build table of color schemes (needed by the parser)
 ANSICodeColors = ColorSchemeTable([NoColor,LinuxColors,LightBGColors],
                                   _scheme_default)
 
 class Parser:
     """ Format colored Python source.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, color_table=None,out = sys.stdout):
         """ Create a parser with a specified color table and output channel.
 
         Call format() to process code.
         """
         self.color_table = color_table and color_table or ANSICodeColors
         self.out = out
 
     def format(self, raw, out = None, scheme = ''):
         return self.format2(raw, out, scheme)[0]
 
     def format2(self, raw, out = None, scheme = ''):
         """ Parse and send the colored source.
 
         If out and scheme are not specified, the defaults (given to
         constructor) are used.
 
         out should be a file-type object. Optionally, out can be given as the
         string 'str' and the parser will automatically return the output in a
         string."""
-
+        
         string_output = 0
         if out == 'str' or self.out == 'str':
             out_old = self.out
             self.out = cStringIO.StringIO()
             string_output = 1
         elif out is not None:
             self.out = out
 
         # Fast return of the unmodified input for NoColor scheme
         if scheme == 'NoColor':
             error = False
             self.out.write(raw)
             if string_output:
                 return raw,error
             else:
                 return None,error
         
         # local shorthands
         colors = self.color_table[scheme].colors
         self.colors = colors # put in object so __call__ sees it
 
         # Remove trailing whitespace and normalize tabs
         self.raw = raw.expandtabs().rstrip()
+        
         # store line offsets in self.lines
         self.lines = [0, 0]
         pos = 0
-        raw_find = raw.find
+        raw_find = self.raw.find
         lines_append = self.lines.append
         while 1:
             pos = raw_find('\n', pos) + 1
             if not pos: break
             lines_append(pos)
         lines_append(len(self.raw))
 
         # parse the source and write it
         self.pos = 0
         text = cStringIO.StringIO(self.raw)
 
         error = False
         try:
             tokenize.tokenize(text.readline, self)
         except tokenize.TokenError, ex:
             msg = ex[0]
             line = ex[1][0]
             self.out.write("%s\n\n*** ERROR: %s%s%s\n" %
                            (colors[token.ERRORTOKEN],
                             msg, self.raw[self.lines[line]:],
                             colors.normal)
                            )
             error = True
         self.out.write(colors.normal+'\n')
         if string_output:
             output = self.out.getvalue()
             self.out = out_old
             return (output, error)
         return (None, error)
 
     def __call__(self, toktype, toktext, (srow,scol), (erow,ecol), line):
         """ Token handler, with syntax highlighting."""
 
         # local shorthands
         colors = self.colors
         owrite = self.out.write
 
         # line separator, so this works across platforms
         linesep = os.linesep
 
         # calculate new positions
         oldpos = self.pos
         newpos = self.lines[srow] + scol
         self.pos = newpos + len(toktext)
 
         # handle newlines
         if toktype in [token.NEWLINE, tokenize.NL]:
             owrite(linesep)
             return
 
         # send the original whitespace, if needed
         if newpos > oldpos:
             owrite(self.raw[oldpos:newpos])
 
         # skip indenting tokens
         if toktype in [token.INDENT, token.DEDENT]:
             self.pos = newpos
             return
 
         # map token type to a color group
         if token.LPAR <= toktype and toktype <= token.OP:
             toktype = token.OP
         elif toktype == token.NAME and keyword.iskeyword(toktext):
             toktype = _KEYWORD
         color = colors.get(toktype, colors[_TEXT])
 
         #print '<%s>' % toktext,    # dbg
 
         # Triple quoted strings must be handled carefully so that backtracking
         # in pagers works correctly. We need color terminators on _each_ line.
         if linesep in toktext:
             toktext = toktext.replace(linesep, '%s%s%s' %
                                       (colors.normal,linesep,color))
 
         # send text
         owrite('%s%s%s' % (color,toktext,colors.normal))
             
 def main():
     """Colorize a python file using ANSI color escapes and print to stdout.
 
     Usage:
       %s [-s scheme] filename
 
     Options:
 
       -s scheme: give the color scheme to use. Currently only 'Linux'
       (default) and 'LightBG' and 'NoColor' are implemented (give without
       quotes).  """  
 
     def usage():
         print >> sys.stderr, main.__doc__ % sys.argv[0]
         sys.exit(1)
         
     # FIXME: rewrite this to at least use getopt
     try:
         if sys.argv[1] == '-s':
             scheme_name = sys.argv[2]
             del sys.argv[1:3]
         else:
             scheme_name = _scheme_default
         
     except:
         usage()
 
     try:
         fname = sys.argv[1]
     except:
         usage()
         
     # write colorized version to stdout
     parser = Parser()
     try:
         parser.format(file(fname).read(),scheme = scheme_name)
     except IOError,msg:
         # if user reads through a pager and quits, don't print traceback
         if msg.args != (32,'Broken pipe'):
             raise
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()

IPython/iplib.py

@@ -1,2599 +1,2611 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 IPython -- An enhanced Interactive Python
 
 Requires Python 2.3 or newer.
 
 This file contains all the classes and helper functions specific to IPython.
 
-$Id: iplib.py 2221 2007-04-06 02:58:37Z fperez $
+$Id: iplib.py 2225 2007-04-08 02:48:16Z jdh2358 $
 """
 
 #*****************************************************************************
 #       Copyright (C) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]> and
 #       Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fernando Perez. <[e-mail]>
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #
 # Note: this code originally subclassed code.InteractiveConsole from the
 # Python standard library.  Over time, all of that class has been copied
 # verbatim here for modifications which could not be accomplished by
 # subclassing.  At this point, there are no dependencies at all on the code
 # module anymore (it is not even imported).  The Python License (sec. 2)
 # allows for this, but it's always nice to acknowledge credit where credit is
 # due.
 #*****************************************************************************
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Modules and globals
 
 from IPython import Release
 __author__  = '%s <%s>\n%s <%s>' % \
               ( Release.authors['Janko'] + Release.authors['Fernando'] )
 __license__ = Release.license
 __version__ = Release.version
 
 # Python standard modules
 import __main__
 import __builtin__
 import StringIO
 import bdb
 import cPickle as pickle
 import codeop
 import exceptions
 import glob
 import inspect
 import keyword
 import new
 import os
 import pydoc
 import re
 import shutil
 import string
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import traceback
 import types
 import pickleshare
 from sets import Set
 from pprint import pprint, pformat
 
 # IPython's own modules
 import IPython
 from IPython import Debugger,OInspect,PyColorize,ultraTB
 from IPython.ColorANSI import ColorScheme,ColorSchemeTable  # too long names
 from IPython.FakeModule import FakeModule
 from IPython.Itpl import Itpl,itpl,printpl,ItplNS,itplns
 from IPython.Logger import Logger
 from IPython.Magic import Magic
 from IPython.Prompts import CachedOutput
 from IPython.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.background_jobs import BackgroundJobManager
 from IPython.usage import cmd_line_usage,interactive_usage
 from IPython.genutils import *
 from IPython.strdispatch import StrDispatch
 import IPython.ipapi
 
 # Globals
 
 # store the builtin raw_input globally, and use this always, in case user code
 # overwrites it (like wx.py.PyShell does)
 raw_input_original = raw_input
 
 # compiled regexps for autoindent management
 dedent_re = re.compile(r'^\s+raise|^\s+return|^\s+pass')
 
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Some utility function definitions
 
 ini_spaces_re = re.compile(r'^(\s+)')
 
 def num_ini_spaces(strng):
     """Return the number of initial spaces in a string"""
 
     ini_spaces = ini_spaces_re.match(strng)
     if ini_spaces:
         return ini_spaces.end()
     else:
         return 0
 
 def softspace(file, newvalue):
     """Copied from code.py, to remove the dependency"""
 
     oldvalue = 0
     try:
         oldvalue = file.softspace
     except AttributeError:
         pass
     try:
         file.softspace = newvalue
     except (AttributeError, TypeError):
         # "attribute-less object" or "read-only attributes"
         pass
     return oldvalue
 
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Local use exceptions
 class SpaceInInput(exceptions.Exception): pass
 
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Local use classes
 class Bunch: pass
 
 class Undefined: pass
 
 class Quitter(object):
     """Simple class to handle exit, similar to Python 2.5's.
 
     It handles exiting in an ipython-safe manner, which the one in Python 2.5
     doesn't do (obviously, since it doesn't know about ipython)."""
     
     def __init__(self,shell,name):
         self.shell = shell
         self.name = name
         
     def __repr__(self):
         return 'Type %s() to exit.' % self.name
     __str__ = __repr__
 
     def __call__(self):
         self.shell.exit()
 
 class InputList(list):
     """Class to store user input.
 
     It's basically a list, but slices return a string instead of a list, thus
     allowing things like (assuming 'In' is an instance):
 
     exec In[4:7]
 
     or
 
     exec In[5:9] + In[14] + In[21:25]"""
 
     def __getslice__(self,i,j):
         return ''.join(list.__getslice__(self,i,j))
 
 class SyntaxTB(ultraTB.ListTB):
     """Extension which holds some state: the last exception value"""
 
     def __init__(self,color_scheme = 'NoColor'):
         ultraTB.ListTB.__init__(self,color_scheme)
         self.last_syntax_error = None
 
     def __call__(self, etype, value, elist):
         self.last_syntax_error = value
         ultraTB.ListTB.__call__(self,etype,value,elist)
 
     def clear_err_state(self):
         """Return the current error state and clear it"""
         e = self.last_syntax_error
         self.last_syntax_error = None
         return e
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Main IPython class
 
 # FIXME: the Magic class is a mixin for now, and will unfortunately remain so
 # until a full rewrite is made.  I've cleaned all cross-class uses of
 # attributes and methods, but too much user code out there relies on the
 # equlity %foo == __IP.magic_foo, so I can't actually remove the mixin usage.
 #
 # But at least now, all the pieces have been separated and we could, in
 # principle, stop using the mixin.  This will ease the transition to the
 # chainsaw branch.
 
 # For reference, the following is the list of 'self.foo' uses in the Magic
 # class as of 2005-12-28.  These are names we CAN'T use in the main ipython
 # class, to prevent clashes.
 
 # ['self.__class__', 'self.__dict__', 'self._inspect', 'self._ofind',
 #  'self.arg_err', 'self.extract_input', 'self.format_', 'self.lsmagic',
 #  'self.magic_', 'self.options_table', 'self.parse', 'self.shell',
 #  'self.value']
 
 class InteractiveShell(object,Magic):
     """An enhanced console for Python."""
 
     # class attribute to indicate whether the class supports threads or not.
     # Subclasses with thread support should override this as needed.
     isthreaded = False
 
     def __init__(self,name,usage=None,rc=Struct(opts=None,args=None),
                  user_ns = None,user_global_ns=None,banner2='',
                  custom_exceptions=((),None),embedded=False):
 
         # log system
         self.logger = Logger(self,logfname='ipython_log.py',logmode='rotate')
 
         # some minimal strict typechecks.  For some core data structures, I
         # want actual basic python types, not just anything that looks like
         # one.  This is especially true for namespaces.
         for ns in (user_ns,user_global_ns):
             if ns is not None and type(ns) != types.DictType:
                 raise TypeError,'namespace must be a dictionary'
 
         # Job manager (for jobs run as background threads)
         self.jobs = BackgroundJobManager()
 
         # Store the actual shell's name
         self.name = name
 
         # We need to know whether the instance is meant for embedding, since
         # global/local namespaces need to be handled differently in that case
         self.embedded = embedded
 
         # command compiler
         self.compile = codeop.CommandCompiler()
 
         # User input buffer
         self.buffer = []
 
         # Default name given in compilation of code
         self.filename = '<ipython console>'
 
         # Install our own quitter instead of the builtins.  For python2.3-2.4,
         # this brings in behavior like 2.5, and for 2.5 it's identical.
         __builtin__.exit = Quitter(self,'exit')
         __builtin__.quit = Quitter(self,'quit')
         
         # Make an empty namespace, which extension writers can rely on both
         # existing and NEVER being used by ipython itself.  This gives them a
         # convenient location for storing additional information and state
         # their extensions may require, without fear of collisions with other
         # ipython names that may develop later.
         self.meta = Struct()
 
         # Create the namespace where the user will operate.  user_ns is
         # normally the only one used, and it is passed to the exec calls as
         # the locals argument.  But we do carry a user_global_ns namespace
         # given as the exec 'globals' argument,  This is useful in embedding
         # situations where the ipython shell opens in a context where the
         # distinction between locals and globals is meaningful.
 
         # FIXME. For some strange reason, __builtins__ is showing up at user
         # level as a dict instead of a module. This is a manual fix, but I
         # should really track down where the problem is coming from. Alex
         # Schmolck reported this problem first.
 
         # A useful post by Alex Martelli on this topic:
         # Re: inconsistent value from __builtins__
         # Von: Alex Martelli <[e-mail]>
         # Datum: Freitag 01 Oktober 2004 04:45:34 nachmittags/abends
         # Gruppen: comp.lang.python
 
         # Michael Hohn <[e-mail]> wrote:
         # > >>> print type(builtin_check.get_global_binding('__builtins__'))
         # > <type 'dict'>
         # > >>> print type(__builtins__)
         # > <type 'module'>
         # > Is this difference in return value intentional?
 
         # Well, it's documented that '__builtins__' can be either a dictionary
         # or a module, and it's been that way for a long time. Whether it's
         # intentional (or sensible), I don't know. In any case, the idea is
         # that if you need to access the built-in namespace directly, you
         # should start with "import __builtin__" (note, no 's') which will
         # definitely give you a module. Yeah, it's somewhat confusing:-(.
 
         # These routines return properly built dicts as needed by the rest of
         # the code, and can also be used by extension writers to generate
         # properly initialized namespaces.
         user_ns = IPython.ipapi.make_user_ns(user_ns)
         user_global_ns = IPython.ipapi.make_user_global_ns(user_global_ns)
             
         # Assign namespaces
         # This is the namespace where all normal user variables live
         self.user_ns = user_ns
         # Embedded instances require a separate namespace for globals.
         # Normally this one is unused by non-embedded instances.
         self.user_global_ns = user_global_ns
         # A namespace to keep track of internal data structures to prevent
         # them from cluttering user-visible stuff.  Will be updated later
         self.internal_ns = {}
 
         # Namespace of system aliases.  Each entry in the alias
         # table must be a 2-tuple of the form (N,name), where N is the number
         # of positional arguments of the alias.
         self.alias_table = {}
 
         # A table holding all the namespaces IPython deals with, so that
         # introspection facilities can search easily.
         self.ns_table = {'user':user_ns,
                          'user_global':user_global_ns,
                          'alias':self.alias_table,
                          'internal':self.internal_ns,
                          'builtin':__builtin__.__dict__
                          }
 
         # The user namespace MUST have a pointer to the shell itself.
         self.user_ns[name] = self
 
         # We need to insert into sys.modules something that looks like a
         # module but which accesses the IPython namespace, for shelve and
         # pickle to work interactively. Normally they rely on getting
         # everything out of __main__, but for embedding purposes each IPython
         # instance has its own private namespace, so we can't go shoving
         # everything into __main__.
 
         # note, however, that we should only do this for non-embedded
         # ipythons, which really mimic the __main__.__dict__ with their own
         # namespace.  Embedded instances, on the other hand, should not do
         # this because they need to manage the user local/global namespaces
         # only, but they live within a 'normal' __main__ (meaning, they
         # shouldn't overtake the execution environment of the script they're
         # embedded in).
 
         if not embedded:
             try:
                 main_name = self.user_ns['__name__']
             except KeyError:
                 raise KeyError,'user_ns dictionary MUST have a "__name__" key'
             else:
                 #print "pickle hack in place"  # dbg
                 #print 'main_name:',main_name # dbg
                 sys.modules[main_name] = FakeModule(self.user_ns)
 
         # List of input with multi-line handling.
         # Fill its zero entry, user counter starts at 1
         self.input_hist = InputList(['\n'])
         # This one will hold the 'raw' input history, without any
         # pre-processing.  This will allow users to retrieve the input just as
         # it was exactly typed in by the user, with %hist -r.
         self.input_hist_raw = InputList(['\n'])
 
         # list of visited directories
         try:
             self.dir_hist = [os.getcwd()]
         except IOError, e:
             self.dir_hist = []
 
         # dict of output history
         self.output_hist = {}
 
+        # Get system encoding at startup time.  Certain terminals (like Emacs
+        # under Win32 have it set to None, and we need to have a known valid
+        # encoding to use in the raw_input() method
+        self.stdin_encoding = sys.stdin.encoding or 'ascii'
+
         # dict of things NOT to alias (keywords, builtins and some magics)
         no_alias = {}
         no_alias_magics = ['cd','popd','pushd','dhist','alias','unalias']
         for key in keyword.kwlist + no_alias_magics:
             no_alias[key] = 1
         no_alias.update(__builtin__.__dict__)
         self.no_alias = no_alias
                 
         # make global variables for user access to these
         self.user_ns['_ih'] = self.input_hist
         self.user_ns['_oh'] = self.output_hist
         self.user_ns['_dh'] = self.dir_hist
 
         # user aliases to input and output histories
         self.user_ns['In']  = self.input_hist
         self.user_ns['Out'] = self.output_hist
 
         # Object variable to store code object waiting execution.  This is
         # used mainly by the multithreaded shells, but it can come in handy in
         # other situations.  No need to use a Queue here, since it's a single
         # item which gets cleared once run.
         self.code_to_run = None
         
         # escapes for automatic behavior on the command line
         self.ESC_SHELL  = '!'
         self.ESC_HELP   = '?'
         self.ESC_MAGIC  = '%'
         self.ESC_QUOTE  = ','
         self.ESC_QUOTE2 = ';'
         self.ESC_PAREN  = '/'
 
         # And their associated handlers
         self.esc_handlers = {self.ESC_PAREN  : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_QUOTE  : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_QUOTE2 : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_MAGIC  : self.handle_magic,
                              self.ESC_HELP   : self.handle_help,
                              self.ESC_SHELL  : self.handle_shell_escape,
                              }
 
         # class initializations
         Magic.__init__(self,self)
 
         # Python source parser/formatter for syntax highlighting
         pyformat = PyColorize.Parser().format
         self.pycolorize = lambda src: pyformat(src,'str',self.rc['colors'])
 
         # hooks holds pointers used for user-side customizations
         self.hooks = Struct()
         
         self.strdispatchers = {}
         
         # Set all default hooks, defined in the IPython.hooks module.
         hooks = IPython.hooks
         for hook_name in hooks.__all__:
-            # default hooks have priority 100, i.e. low; user hooks should have 0-100 priority
+            # default hooks have priority 100, i.e. low; user hooks should have
+            # 0-100 priority
             self.set_hook(hook_name,getattr(hooks,hook_name), 100)
             #print "bound hook",hook_name
 
         # Flag to mark unconditional exit
         self.exit_now = False
 
         self.usage_min =  """\
         An enhanced console for Python.
         Some of its features are:
         - Readline support if the readline library is present.
         - Tab completion in the local namespace.
         - Logging of input, see command-line options.
         - System shell escape via ! , eg !ls.
         - Magic commands, starting with a % (like %ls, %pwd, %cd, etc.)
         - Keeps track of locally defined variables via %who, %whos.
         - Show object information with a ? eg ?x or x? (use ?? for more info).
         """
         if usage: self.usage = usage
         else: self.usage = self.usage_min
 
         # Storage
         self.rc = rc   # This will hold all configuration information
         self.pager = 'less'
         # temporary files used for various purposes.  Deleted at exit.
         self.tempfiles = []
 
         # Keep track of readline usage (later set by init_readline)
         self.has_readline = False
 
         # template for logfile headers.  It gets resolved at runtime by the
         # logstart method.
         self.loghead_tpl = \
 """#log# Automatic Logger file. *** THIS MUST BE THE FIRST LINE ***
 #log# DO NOT CHANGE THIS LINE OR THE TWO BELOW
 #log# opts = %s
 #log# args = %s
 #log# It is safe to make manual edits below here.
 #log#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 """
         # for pushd/popd management
         try:
             self.home_dir = get_home_dir()
         except HomeDirError,msg:
             fatal(msg)
 
         self.dir_stack = [os.getcwd().replace(self.home_dir,'~')]
 
         # Functions to call the underlying shell.
 
         # The first is similar to os.system, but it doesn't return a value,
         # and it allows interpolation of variables in the user's namespace.
         self.system = lambda cmd: \
                       shell(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                             header=self.rc.system_header,
                             verbose=self.rc.system_verbose)
 
         # These are for getoutput and getoutputerror:
         self.getoutput = lambda cmd: \
                          getoutput(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                                    header=self.rc.system_header,
                                    verbose=self.rc.system_verbose)
 
         self.getoutputerror = lambda cmd: \
                               getoutputerror(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                                              header=self.rc.system_header,
                                              verbose=self.rc.system_verbose)
  
         # RegExp for splitting line contents into pre-char//first
         # word-method//rest.  For clarity, each group in on one line.
 
         # WARNING: update the regexp if the above escapes are changed, as they
         # are hardwired in.
 
         # Don't get carried away with trying to make the autocalling catch too
         # much:  it's better to be conservative rather than to trigger hidden
         # evals() somewhere and end up causing side effects.
         self.line_split = re.compile(r'^(\s*[,;/]?\s*)'
                                      r'([\?\w\.]+\w*\s*)'
                                      r'(\(?.*$)')
 
         self.shell_line_split = re.compile(r'^(\s*)'
                                      r'(\S*\s*)'
                                      r'(\(?.*$)')
 
-
         # A simpler regexp used as a fallback if the above doesn't work.  This
         # one is more conservative in how it partitions the input.  This code
         # can probably be cleaned up to do everything with just one regexp, but
         # I'm afraid of breaking something; do it once the unit tests are in
         # place.
         self.line_split_fallback = re.compile(r'^(\s*)'
                                               r'([%\!\?\w\.]*)'
                                               r'(.*)')
 
         # Original re, keep around for a while in case changes break something
         #self.line_split = re.compile(r'(^[\s*!\?%,/]?)'
         #                             r'(\s*[\?\w\.]+\w*\s*)'
         #                             r'(\(?.*$)')
 
         # RegExp to identify potential function names
         self.re_fun_name = re.compile(r'[a-zA-Z_]([a-zA-Z0-9_.]*) *$')
 
         # RegExp to exclude strings with this start from autocalling.  In
         # particular, all binary operators should be excluded, so that if foo
         # is callable, foo OP bar doesn't become foo(OP bar), which is
         # invalid.  The characters '!=()' don't need to be checked for, as the
         # _prefilter routine explicitely does so, to catch direct calls and
         # rebindings of existing names.
 
         # Warning: the '-' HAS TO BE AT THE END of the first group, otherwise
         # it affects the rest of the group in square brackets.
         self.re_exclude_auto = re.compile(r'^[<>,&^\|\*/\+-]'
                                           '|^is |^not |^in |^and |^or ')
 
         # try to catch also methods for stuff in lists/tuples/dicts: off
         # (experimental). For this to work, the line_split regexp would need
         # to be modified so it wouldn't break things at '['. That line is
         # nasty enough that I shouldn't change it until I can test it _well_.
         #self.re_fun_name = re.compile (r'[a-zA-Z_]([a-zA-Z0-9_.\[\]]*) ?$')
 
         # keep track of where we started running (mainly for crash post-mortem)
         self.starting_dir = os.getcwd()
 
         # Various switches which can be set
         self.CACHELENGTH = 5000  # this is cheap, it's just text
         self.BANNER = "Python %(version)s on %(platform)s\n" % sys.__dict__
         self.banner2 = banner2
 
         # TraceBack handlers:
 
         # Syntax error handler.
         self.SyntaxTB = SyntaxTB(color_scheme='NoColor')
         
         # The interactive one is initialized with an offset, meaning we always
         # want to remove the topmost item in the traceback, which is our own
         # internal code. Valid modes: ['Plain','Context','Verbose']
         self.InteractiveTB = ultraTB.AutoFormattedTB(mode = 'Plain',
                                                      color_scheme='NoColor',
                                                      tb_offset = 1)
 
         # IPython itself shouldn't crash. This will produce a detailed
         # post-mortem if it does.  But we only install the crash handler for
         # non-threaded shells, the threaded ones use a normal verbose reporter
         # and lose the crash handler.  This is because exceptions in the main
         # thread (such as in GUI code) propagate directly to sys.excepthook,
         # and there's no point in printing crash dumps for every user exception.
         if self.isthreaded:
             ipCrashHandler = ultraTB.FormattedTB()
         else:
             from IPython import CrashHandler
             ipCrashHandler = CrashHandler.IPythonCrashHandler(self)
         self.set_crash_handler(ipCrashHandler)
 
         # and add any custom exception handlers the user may have specified
         self.set_custom_exc(*custom_exceptions)
 
         # indentation management
         self.autoindent = False
         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
         # Make some aliases automatically
         # Prepare list of shell aliases to auto-define
         if os.name == 'posix':
             auto_alias = ('mkdir mkdir', 'rmdir rmdir',
                           'mv mv -i','rm rm -i','cp cp -i',
                           'cat cat','less less','clear clear',
                           # a better ls
                           'ls ls -F',
                           # long ls
                           'll ls -lF')
             # Extra ls aliases with color, which need special treatment on BSD
             # variants
             ls_extra = ( # color ls
                          'lc ls -F -o --color',
                          # ls normal files only
                          'lf ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-',
                          # ls symbolic links
                          'lk ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^l',
                          # directories or links to directories,
                          'ldir ls -F -o --color %l | grep /$',
                          # things which are executable
                          'lx ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-..x',
                          )
             # The BSDs don't ship GNU ls, so they don't understand the
             # --color switch out of the box
             if 'bsd' in sys.platform:
                 ls_extra = ( # ls normal files only
                              'lf ls -lF | grep ^-',
                              # ls symbolic links
                              'lk ls -lF | grep ^l',
                              # directories or links to directories,
                              'ldir ls -lF | grep /$',
                              # things which are executable
                              'lx ls -lF | grep ^-..x',
                              )
             auto_alias = auto_alias + ls_extra
         elif os.name in ['nt','dos']:
             auto_alias = ('dir dir /on', 'ls dir /on',
                           'ddir dir /ad /on', 'ldir dir /ad /on',
                           'mkdir mkdir','rmdir rmdir','echo echo',
                           'ren ren','cls cls','copy copy')
         else:
             auto_alias = ()
         self.auto_alias = [s.split(None,1) for s in auto_alias]
         # Call the actual (public) initializer
         self.init_auto_alias()
 
         # Produce a public API instance
         self.api = IPython.ipapi.IPApi(self)
 
         # track which builtins we add, so we can clean up later
         self.builtins_added = {}
         # This method will add the necessary builtins for operation, but
         # tracking what it did via the builtins_added dict.
         self.add_builtins()
 
     # end __init__
 
     def var_expand(self,cmd,depth=0):
         """Expand python variables in a string.
 
         The depth argument indicates how many frames above the caller should
         be walked to look for the local namespace where to expand variables.
 
         The global namespace for expansion is always the user's interactive
         namespace.
         """
 
         return str(ItplNS(cmd.replace('#','\#'),
                           self.user_ns,  # globals
                           # Skip our own frame in searching for locals:
                           sys._getframe(depth+1).f_locals # locals
                           ))
 
     def pre_config_initialization(self):
         """Pre-configuration init method
 
         This is called before the configuration files are processed to
         prepare the services the config files might need.
         
         self.rc already has reasonable default values at this point.
         """
         rc = self.rc
         
         self.db = pickleshare.PickleShareDB(rc.ipythondir + "/db")
     
     def post_config_initialization(self):
         """Post configuration init method
 
         This is called after the configuration files have been processed to
         'finalize' the initialization."""
 
         rc = self.rc
 
         # Object inspector
         self.inspector = OInspect.Inspector(OInspect.InspectColors,
                                             PyColorize.ANSICodeColors,
                                             'NoColor',
                                             rc.object_info_string_level)
         
         # Load readline proper
         if rc.readline:
             self.init_readline()
 
         # local shortcut, this is used a LOT
         self.log = self.logger.log
 
         # Initialize cache, set in/out prompts and printing system
         self.outputcache = CachedOutput(self,
                                         rc.cache_size,
                                         rc.pprint,
                                         input_sep = rc.separate_in,
                                         output_sep = rc.separate_out,
                                         output_sep2 = rc.separate_out2,
                                         ps1 = rc.prompt_in1,
                                         ps2 = rc.prompt_in2,
                                         ps_out = rc.prompt_out,
                                         pad_left = rc.prompts_pad_left)
 
         # user may have over-ridden the default print hook:
         try:
             self.outputcache.__class__.display = self.hooks.display
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
         # I don't like assigning globally to sys, because it means when
         # embedding instances, each embedded instance overrides the previous
         # choice. But sys.displayhook seems to be called internally by exec,
         # so I don't see a way around it.  We first save the original and then
         # overwrite it.
         self.sys_displayhook = sys.displayhook
         sys.displayhook = self.outputcache
         
         # Set user colors (don't do it in the constructor above so that it
         # doesn't crash if colors option is invalid)
         self.magic_colors(rc.colors)
 
         # Set calling of pdb on exceptions
         self.call_pdb = rc.pdb
 
         # Load user aliases
         for alias in rc.alias:
             self.magic_alias(alias)
         self.hooks.late_startup_hook()
         
         batchrun = False
         for batchfile in [path(arg) for arg in self.rc.args 
             if arg.lower().endswith('.ipy')]:
             if not batchfile.isfile():
                 print "No such batch file:", batchfile
                 continue
             self.api.runlines(batchfile.text())
             batchrun = True
         if batchrun:
             self.exit_now = True            
 
     def add_builtins(self):
         """Store ipython references into the builtin namespace.
 
         Some parts of ipython operate via builtins injected here, which hold a
         reference to IPython itself."""
 
         # TODO: deprecate all except _ip; 'jobs' should be installed 
         # by an extension and the rest are under _ip, ipalias is redundant
         builtins_new  = dict(__IPYTHON__ = self,
              ip_set_hook = self.set_hook, 
              jobs = self.jobs,
              ipmagic = wrap_deprecated(self.ipmagic,'_ip.magic()'),  
              ipalias = wrap_deprecated(self.ipalias),  
              ipsystem = wrap_deprecated(self.ipsystem,'_ip.system()'),
              _ip = self.api
              )
         for biname,bival in builtins_new.items():
             try:
                 # store the orignal value so we can restore it
                 self.builtins_added[biname] =  __builtin__.__dict__[biname]
             except KeyError:
                 # or mark that it wasn't defined, and we'll just delete it at
                 # cleanup
                 self.builtins_added[biname] = Undefined
             __builtin__.__dict__[biname] = bival
             
         # Keep in the builtins a flag for when IPython is active.  We set it
         # with setdefault so that multiple nested IPythons don't clobber one
         # another.  Each will increase its value by one upon being activated,
         # which also gives us a way to determine the nesting level.
         __builtin__.__dict__.setdefault('__IPYTHON__active',0)
 
     def clean_builtins(self):
         """Remove any builtins which might have been added by add_builtins, or
         restore overwritten ones to their previous values."""
         for biname,bival in self.builtins_added.items():
             if bival is Undefined:
                 del __builtin__.__dict__[biname]
             else:
                 __builtin__.__dict__[biname] = bival
         self.builtins_added.clear()
     
     def set_hook(self,name,hook, priority = 50, str_key = None, re_key = None):
         """set_hook(name,hook) -> sets an internal IPython hook.
 
         IPython exposes some of its internal API as user-modifiable hooks.  By
         adding your function to one of these hooks, you can modify IPython's 
         behavior to call at runtime your own routines."""
 
         # At some point in the future, this should validate the hook before it
         # accepts it.  Probably at least check that the hook takes the number
         # of args it's supposed to.
         
         f = new.instancemethod(hook,self,self.__class__)
 
         # check if the hook is for strdispatcher first
         if str_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_s(str_key, f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
         if re_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_re(re.compile(re_key), f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
             
         dp = getattr(self.hooks, name, None)
         if name not in IPython.hooks.__all__:
             print "Warning! Hook '%s' is not one of %s" % (name, IPython.hooks.__all__ )
         if not dp:
             dp = IPython.hooks.CommandChainDispatcher()
         
         try:
             dp.add(f,priority)
         except AttributeError:
             # it was not commandchain, plain old func - replace
             dp = f
 
         setattr(self.hooks,name, dp)
         
         
         #setattr(self.hooks,name,new.instancemethod(hook,self,self.__class__))
 
     def set_crash_handler(self,crashHandler):
         """Set the IPython crash handler.
 
         This must be a callable with a signature suitable for use as
         sys.excepthook."""
 
         # Install the given crash handler as the Python exception hook
         sys.excepthook = crashHandler
         
         # The instance will store a pointer to this, so that runtime code
         # (such as magics) can access it.  This is because during the
         # read-eval loop, it gets temporarily overwritten (to deal with GUI
         # frameworks).
         self.sys_excepthook = sys.excepthook
 
 
     def set_custom_exc(self,exc_tuple,handler):
         """set_custom_exc(exc_tuple,handler)
 
         Set a custom exception handler, which will be called if any of the
         exceptions in exc_tuple occur in the mainloop (specifically, in the
         runcode() method.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - exc_tuple: a *tuple* of valid exceptions to call the defined
           handler for.  It is very important that you use a tuple, and NOT A
           LIST here, because of the way Python's except statement works.  If
           you only want to trap a single exception, use a singleton tuple:
 
             exc_tuple == (MyCustomException,)
 
           - handler: this must be defined as a function with the following
           basic interface: def my_handler(self,etype,value,tb).
 
           This will be made into an instance method (via new.instancemethod)
           of IPython itself, and it will be called if any of the exceptions
           listed in the exc_tuple are caught.  If the handler is None, an
           internal basic one is used, which just prints basic info.
 
         WARNING: by putting in your own exception handler into IPython's main
         execution loop, you run a very good chance of nasty crashes.  This
         facility should only be used if you really know what you are doing."""
 
         assert type(exc_tuple)==type(()) , \
                "The custom exceptions must be given AS A TUPLE."
 
         def dummy_handler(self,etype,value,tb):
             print '*** Simple custom exception handler ***'
             print 'Exception type :',etype
             print 'Exception value:',value
             print 'Traceback      :',tb
             print 'Source code    :','\n'.join(self.buffer)
 
         if handler is None: handler = dummy_handler
 
         self.CustomTB = new.instancemethod(handler,self,self.__class__)
         self.custom_exceptions = exc_tuple
 
     def set_custom_completer(self,completer,pos=0):
         """set_custom_completer(completer,pos=0)
 
         Adds a new custom completer function.
 
         The position argument (defaults to 0) is the index in the completers
         list where you want the completer to be inserted."""
 
         newcomp = new.instancemethod(completer,self.Completer,
                                      self.Completer.__class__)
         self.Completer.matchers.insert(pos,newcomp)
 
     def set_completer(self):
         """reset readline's completer to be our own."""
         self.readline.set_completer(self.Completer.complete)
         
     def _get_call_pdb(self):
         return self._call_pdb
 
     def _set_call_pdb(self,val):
 
         if val not in (0,1,False,True):
             raise ValueError,'new call_pdb value must be boolean'
 
         # store value in instance
         self._call_pdb = val
 
         # notify the actual exception handlers
         self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb = val
         if self.isthreaded:
             try:
                 self.sys_excepthook.call_pdb = val
             except:
                 warn('Failed to activate pdb for threaded exception handler')
 
     call_pdb = property(_get_call_pdb,_set_call_pdb,None,
                         'Control auto-activation of pdb at exceptions')
  
 
     # These special functions get installed in the builtin namespace, to
     # provide programmatic (pure python) access to magics, aliases and system
     # calls.  This is important for logging, user scripting, and more.
 
     # We are basically exposing, via normal python functions, the three
     # mechanisms in which ipython offers special call modes (magics for
     # internal control, aliases for direct system access via pre-selected
     # names, and !cmd for calling arbitrary system commands).
 
     def ipmagic(self,arg_s):
         """Call a magic function by name.
 
         Input: a string containing the name of the magic function to call and any
         additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
 
         ipmagic('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
         prompt:
 
         In[1]: %name -opt foo bar
 
         To call a magic without arguments, simply use ipmagic('name').
 
         This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's magics in any
         valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
         compound statements.  It is added by IPython to the Python builtin
         namespace upon initialization."""
 
         args = arg_s.split(' ',1)
         magic_name = args[0]
         magic_name = magic_name.lstrip(self.ESC_MAGIC)
 
         try:
             magic_args = args[1]
         except IndexError:
             magic_args = ''
         fn = getattr(self,'magic_'+magic_name,None)
         if fn is None:
             error("Magic function `%s` not found." % magic_name)
         else:
             magic_args = self.var_expand(magic_args,1)
             return fn(magic_args)
 
     def ipalias(self,arg_s):
         """Call an alias by name.
 
         Input: a string containing the name of the alias to call and any
         additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
 
         ipalias('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
         prompt:
 
         In[1]: name -opt foo bar
 
         To call an alias without arguments, simply use ipalias('name').
 
         This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's aliases in any
         valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
         compound statements.  It is added by IPython to the Python builtin
         namespace upon initialization."""
 
         args = arg_s.split(' ',1)
         alias_name = args[0]
         try:
             alias_args = args[1]
         except IndexError:
             alias_args = ''
         if alias_name in self.alias_table:
             self.call_alias(alias_name,alias_args)
         else:
             error("Alias `%s` not found." % alias_name)
 
     def ipsystem(self,arg_s):
         """Make a system call, using IPython."""
 
         self.system(arg_s)
 
     def complete(self,text):
         """Return a sorted list of all possible completions on text.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - text: a string of text to be completed on.
 
         This is a wrapper around the completion mechanism, similar to what
         readline does at the command line when the TAB key is hit.  By
         exposing it as a method, it can be used by other non-readline
         environments (such as GUIs) for text completion.
 
         Simple usage example:
 
         In [1]: x = 'hello'
 
         In [2]: __IP.complete('x.l')
         Out[2]: ['x.ljust', 'x.lower', 'x.lstrip']"""
         
         complete = self.Completer.complete
         state = 0
         # use a dict so we get unique keys, since ipyhton's multiple
         # completers can return duplicates.  When we make 2.4 a requirement,
         # start using sets instead, which are faster.
         comps = {}
         while True:
             newcomp = complete(text,state,line_buffer=text)
             if newcomp is None:
                 break
             comps[newcomp] = 1
             state += 1
         outcomps = comps.keys()
         outcomps.sort()
         return outcomps
         
     def set_completer_frame(self, frame=None):
         if frame:
             self.Completer.namespace = frame.f_locals
             self.Completer.global_namespace = frame.f_globals
         else:
             self.Completer.namespace = self.user_ns
             self.Completer.global_namespace = self.user_global_ns
 
     def init_auto_alias(self):
         """Define some aliases automatically.
 
         These are ALL parameter-less aliases"""
 
         for alias,cmd in self.auto_alias:
             self.alias_table[alias] = (0,cmd)
 
     def alias_table_validate(self,verbose=0):
         """Update information about the alias table.
 
         In particular, make sure no Python keywords/builtins are in it."""
 
         no_alias = self.no_alias
         for k in self.alias_table.keys():
             if k in no_alias:
                 del self.alias_table[k]
                 if verbose:
                     print ("Deleting alias <%s>, it's a Python "
                            "keyword or builtin." % k)
     
     def set_autoindent(self,value=None):
         """Set the autoindent flag, checking for readline support.
 
         If called with no arguments, it acts as a toggle."""
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             if os.name == 'posix':
                 warn("The auto-indent feature requires the readline library")
             self.autoindent = 0
             return
         if value is None:
             self.autoindent = not self.autoindent
         else:
             self.autoindent = value
 
     def rc_set_toggle(self,rc_field,value=None):
         """Set or toggle a field in IPython's rc config. structure.
 
         If called with no arguments, it acts as a toggle.
 
         If called with a non-existent field, the resulting AttributeError
         exception will propagate out."""
 
         rc_val = getattr(self.rc,rc_field)
         if value is None:
             value = not rc_val
         setattr(self.rc,rc_field,value)
 
     def user_setup(self,ipythondir,rc_suffix,mode='install'):
         """Install the user configuration directory.
 
         Can be called when running for the first time or to upgrade the user's
         .ipython/ directory with the mode parameter. Valid modes are 'install'
         and 'upgrade'."""
 
         def wait():
             try:
                 raw_input("Please press <RETURN> to start IPython.")
             except EOFError:
                 print >> Term.cout
             print '*'*70
 
         cwd = os.getcwd()  # remember where we started
         glb = glob.glob
         print '*'*70
         if mode == 'install':
             print \
 """Welcome to IPython. I will try to create a personal configuration directory
 where you can customize many aspects of IPython's functionality in:\n"""
         else:
             print 'I am going to upgrade your configuration in:'
 
         print ipythondir
 
         rcdirend = os.path.join('IPython','UserConfig')
         cfg = lambda d: os.path.join(d,rcdirend)
         try:
             rcdir = filter(os.path.isdir,map(cfg,sys.path))[0]
         except IOError:
             warning = """
 Installation error. IPython's directory was not found.
 
 Check the following:
 
 The ipython/IPython directory should be in a directory belonging to your
 PYTHONPATH environment variable (that is, it should be in a directory
 belonging to sys.path). You can copy it explicitly there or just link to it.
 
 IPython will proceed with builtin defaults.
 """
             warn(warning)
             wait()
             return
 
         if mode == 'install':
             try:
                 shutil.copytree(rcdir,ipythondir)
                 os.chdir(ipythondir)
                 rc_files = glb("ipythonrc*")
                 for rc_file in rc_files:
                     os.rename(rc_file,rc_file+rc_suffix)
             except:
                 warning = """
 
 There was a problem with the installation:
 %s
 Try to correct it or contact the developers if you think it's a bug.
 IPython will proceed with builtin defaults.""" % sys.exc_info()[1]
                 warn(warning)
                 wait()
                 return
 
         elif mode == 'upgrade':
             try:
                 os.chdir(ipythondir)
             except:
                 print """
 Can not upgrade: changing to directory %s failed. Details:
 %s
 """ % (ipythondir,sys.exc_info()[1])
                 wait()
                 return
             else:
                 sources = glb(os.path.join(rcdir,'[A-Za-z]*'))
                 for new_full_path in sources:
                     new_filename = os.path.basename(new_full_path)
                     if new_filename.startswith('ipythonrc'):
                         new_filename = new_filename + rc_suffix
                     # The config directory should only contain files, skip any
                     # directories which may be there (like CVS)
                     if os.path.isdir(new_full_path):
                         continue
                     if os.path.exists(new_filename):
                         old_file = new_filename+'.old'
                         if os.path.exists(old_file):
                             os.remove(old_file)
                         os.rename(new_filename,old_file)
                     shutil.copy(new_full_path,new_filename)
         else:
             raise ValueError,'unrecognized mode for install:',`mode`
 
         # Fix line-endings to those native to each platform in the config
         # directory.
         try:
             os.chdir(ipythondir)
         except:
             print """
 Problem: changing to directory %s failed.
 Details:
 %s
 
 Some configuration files may have incorrect line endings.  This should not
 cause any problems during execution.  """ % (ipythondir,sys.exc_info()[1])
             wait()
         else:
             for fname in glb('ipythonrc*'):
                 try:
                     native_line_ends(fname,backup=0)
                 except IOError:
                     pass
 
         if mode == 'install':
             print """
 Successful installation!
 
 Please read the sections 'Initial Configuration' and 'Quick Tips' in the
 IPython manual (there are both HTML and PDF versions supplied with the
 distribution) to make sure that your system environment is properly configured
 to take advantage of IPython's features.
 
 Important note: the configuration system has changed! The old system is
 still in place, but its setting may be partly overridden by the settings in 
 "~/.ipython/ipy_user_conf.py" config file. Please take a look at the file 
 if some of the new settings bother you. 
 
 """
         else:
             print """
 Successful upgrade!
 
 All files in your directory:
 %(ipythondir)s
 which would have been overwritten by the upgrade were backed up with a .old
 extension.  If you had made particular customizations in those files you may
 want to merge them back into the new files.""" % locals()
         wait()
         os.chdir(cwd)
         # end user_setup()
 
     def atexit_operations(self):
         """This will be executed at the time of exit.
 
         Saving of persistent data should be performed here. """
 
         #print '*** IPython exit cleanup ***' # dbg
         # input history
         self.savehist()
 
         # Cleanup all tempfiles left around
         for tfile in self.tempfiles:
             try:
                 os.unlink(tfile)
             except OSError:
                 pass
 
         # save the "persistent data" catch-all dictionary
         self.hooks.shutdown_hook()
         
     def savehist(self):
         """Save input history to a file (via readline library)."""
         try:
             self.readline.write_history_file(self.histfile)
         except:
             print 'Unable to save IPython command history to file: ' + \
                   `self.histfile`
 
+    def reloadhist(self):
+        """Reload the input history from disk file."""
+
+        if self.has_readline:
+            self.readline.clear_history()
+            self.readline.read_history_file(self.shell.histfile)
+
     def history_saving_wrapper(self, func):
         """ Wrap func for readline history saving
         
         Convert func into callable that saves & restores
         history around the call """
         
         if not self.has_readline:
             return func
         
         def wrapper():
             self.savehist()
             try:
                 func()
             finally:
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
         return wrapper
                 
             
     def pre_readline(self):
         """readline hook to be used at the start of each line.
 
         Currently it handles auto-indent only."""
 
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp','pre_readline:')
         self.readline.insert_text(self.indent_current_str())
 
     def init_readline(self):
         """Command history completion/saving/reloading."""
 
         import IPython.rlineimpl as readline
         if not readline.have_readline:
             self.has_readline = 0
             self.readline = None
             # no point in bugging windows users with this every time:
             warn('Readline services not available on this platform.')
         else:
             sys.modules['readline'] = readline
             import atexit
             from IPython.completer import IPCompleter
             self.Completer = IPCompleter(self,
                                             self.user_ns,
                                             self.user_global_ns,
                                             self.rc.readline_omit__names,
                                             self.alias_table)
             sdisp = self.strdispatchers.get('complete_command', StrDispatch())
             self.strdispatchers['complete_command'] = sdisp
             self.Completer.custom_completers = sdisp
             # Platform-specific configuration
             if os.name == 'nt':
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_pre_input_hook
             else:
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_startup_hook
 
             # Load user's initrc file (readline config)
             inputrc_name = os.environ.get('INPUTRC')
             if inputrc_name is None:
                 home_dir = get_home_dir()
                 if home_dir is not None:
                     inputrc_name = os.path.join(home_dir,'.inputrc')
             if os.path.isfile(inputrc_name):
                 try:
                     readline.read_init_file(inputrc_name)
                 except:
                     warn('Problems reading readline initialization file <%s>'
                          % inputrc_name)
             
             self.has_readline = 1
             self.readline = readline
             # save this in sys so embedded copies can restore it properly
             sys.ipcompleter = self.Completer.complete
             self.set_completer()
 
             # Configure readline according to user's prefs
             for rlcommand in self.rc.readline_parse_and_bind:
                 readline.parse_and_bind(rlcommand)
 
             # remove some chars from the delimiters list
             delims = readline.get_completer_delims()
             delims = delims.translate(string._idmap,
                                       self.rc.readline_remove_delims)
             readline.set_completer_delims(delims)
             # otherwise we end up with a monster history after a while:
             readline.set_history_length(1000)
             try:
                 #print '*** Reading readline history'  # dbg
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
             except IOError:
                 pass  # It doesn't exist yet.
 
             atexit.register(self.atexit_operations)
             del atexit
 
         # Configure auto-indent for all platforms
         self.set_autoindent(self.rc.autoindent)
 
     def ask_yes_no(self,prompt,default=True):
         if self.rc.quiet:
             return True
         return ask_yes_no(prompt,default)
     
     def _should_recompile(self,e):
         """Utility routine for edit_syntax_error"""
 
         if e.filename in ('<ipython console>','<input>','<string>',
                           '<console>','<BackgroundJob compilation>',
                           None):
                               
             return False
         try:
             if (self.rc.autoedit_syntax and 
                 not self.ask_yes_no('Return to editor to correct syntax error? '
                               '[Y/n] ','y')):
                 return False
         except EOFError:
             return False
 
         def int0(x):
             try:
                 return int(x)
             except TypeError:
                 return 0
         # always pass integer line and offset values to editor hook
         self.hooks.fix_error_editor(e.filename,
             int0(e.lineno),int0(e.offset),e.msg)
         return True
         
     def edit_syntax_error(self):
         """The bottom half of the syntax error handler called in the main loop.
 
         Loop until syntax error is fixed or user cancels.
         """
 
         while self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error:
             # copy and clear last_syntax_error
             err = self.SyntaxTB.clear_err_state()
             if not self._should_recompile(err):
                 return
             try:
                 # may set last_syntax_error again if a SyntaxError is raised
                 self.safe_execfile(err.filename,self.user_ns)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 try:
                     f = file(err.filename)
                     try:
                         sys.displayhook(f.read())
                     finally:
                         f.close()
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
 
     def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None):
         """Display the syntax error that just occurred.
 
         This doesn't display a stack trace because there isn't one.
 
         If a filename is given, it is stuffed in the exception instead
         of what was there before (because Python's parser always uses
         "<string>" when reading from a string).
         """
         etype, value, last_traceback = sys.exc_info()
 
         # See note about these variables in showtraceback() below
         sys.last_type = etype
         sys.last_value = value
         sys.last_traceback = last_traceback
         
         if filename and etype is SyntaxError:
             # Work hard to stuff the correct filename in the exception
             try:
                 msg, (dummy_filename, lineno, offset, line) = value
             except:
                 # Not the format we expect; leave it alone
                 pass
             else:
                 # Stuff in the right filename
                 try:
                     # Assume SyntaxError is a class exception
                     value = SyntaxError(msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line))
                 except:
                     # If that failed, assume SyntaxError is a string
                     value = msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line)
         self.SyntaxTB(etype,value,[])
 
     def debugger(self,force=False):
         """Call the pydb/pdb debugger.
 
         Keywords:
 
           - force(False): by default, this routine checks the instance call_pdb
           flag and does not actually invoke the debugger if the flag is false.
           The 'force' option forces the debugger to activate even if the flag
           is false.
         """
 
         if not (force or self.call_pdb):
             return
 
         if not hasattr(sys,'last_traceback'):
             error('No traceback has been produced, nothing to debug.')
             return
 
         # use pydb if available
         if Debugger.has_pydb:
             from pydb import pm
         else:
             # fallback to our internal debugger
             pm = lambda : self.InteractiveTB.debugger(force=True)
         self.history_saving_wrapper(pm)()
 
     def showtraceback(self,exc_tuple = None,filename=None,tb_offset=None):
         """Display the exception that just occurred.
 
         If nothing is known about the exception, this is the method which
         should be used throughout the code for presenting user tracebacks,
         rather than directly invoking the InteractiveTB object.
 
         A specific showsyntaxerror() also exists, but this method can take
         care of calling it if needed, so unless you are explicitly catching a
         SyntaxError exception, don't try to analyze the stack manually and
         simply call this method."""
 
         # Though this won't be called by syntax errors in the input line,
         # there may be SyntaxError cases whith imported code.
         if exc_tuple is None:
             etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
         else:
             etype, value, tb = exc_tuple
 
         if etype is SyntaxError:
             self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
         else:
             # WARNING: these variables are somewhat deprecated and not
             # necessarily safe to use in a threaded environment, but tools
             # like pdb depend on their existence, so let's set them.  If we
             # find problems in the field, we'll need to revisit their use.
             sys.last_type = etype
             sys.last_value = value
             sys.last_traceback = tb
 
             if etype in self.custom_exceptions:
                 self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
             else:
                 self.InteractiveTB(etype,value,tb,tb_offset=tb_offset)
                 if self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb and self.has_readline:
                     # pdb mucks up readline, fix it back
                     self.set_completer()
 
     def mainloop(self,banner=None):
         """Creates the local namespace and starts the mainloop.
 
         If an optional banner argument is given, it will override the
         internally created default banner."""
 
         if self.rc.c:  # Emulate Python's -c option
             self.exec_init_cmd()
         if banner is None:
             if not self.rc.banner:
                 banner = ''
             # banner is string? Use it directly!
             elif isinstance(self.rc.banner,basestring):
                 banner = self.rc.banner
             else:                
                 banner = self.BANNER+self.banner2
 
         self.interact(banner)
 
     def exec_init_cmd(self):
         """Execute a command given at the command line.
 
         This emulates Python's -c option."""
 
         #sys.argv = ['-c']
         self.push(self.rc.c)
 
     def embed_mainloop(self,header='',local_ns=None,global_ns=None,stack_depth=0):
         """Embeds IPython into a running python program.
 
         Input:
 
           - header: An optional header message can be specified.
 
           - local_ns, global_ns: working namespaces. If given as None, the
           IPython-initialized one is updated with __main__.__dict__, so that
           program variables become visible but user-specific configuration
           remains possible.
 
           - stack_depth: specifies how many levels in the stack to go to
           looking for namespaces (when local_ns and global_ns are None).  This
           allows an intermediate caller to make sure that this function gets
           the namespace from the intended level in the stack.  By default (0)
           it will get its locals and globals from the immediate caller.
 
         Warning: it's possible to use this in a program which is being run by
         IPython itself (via %run), but some funny things will happen (a few
         globals get overwritten). In the future this will be cleaned up, as
         there is no fundamental reason why it can't work perfectly."""
 
         # Get locals and globals from caller
         if local_ns is None or global_ns is None:
             call_frame = sys._getframe(stack_depth).f_back
 
             if local_ns is None:
                 local_ns = call_frame.f_locals
             if global_ns is None:
                 global_ns = call_frame.f_globals
 
         # Update namespaces and fire up interpreter
 
         # The global one is easy, we can just throw it in
         self.user_global_ns = global_ns
 
         # but the user/local one is tricky: ipython needs it to store internal
         # data, but we also need the locals.  We'll copy locals in the user
         # one, but will track what got copied so we can delete them at exit.
         # This is so that a later embedded call doesn't see locals from a
         # previous call (which most likely existed in a separate scope).
         local_varnames = local_ns.keys()
         self.user_ns.update(local_ns)
 
         # Patch for global embedding to make sure that things don't overwrite
         # user globals accidentally. Thanks to Richard <[e-mail]>
         # FIXME. Test this a bit more carefully (the if.. is new)
         if local_ns is None and global_ns is None:
             self.user_global_ns.update(__main__.__dict__)
 
         # make sure the tab-completer has the correct frame information, so it
         # actually completes using the frame's locals/globals
         self.set_completer_frame()
 
         # before activating the interactive mode, we need to make sure that
         # all names in the builtin namespace needed by ipython point to
         # ourselves, and not to other instances.
         self.add_builtins()
         
         self.interact(header)
         
         # now, purge out the user namespace from anything we might have added
         # from the caller's local namespace
         delvar = self.user_ns.pop
         for var in local_varnames:
             delvar(var,None)
         # and clean builtins we may have overridden
         self.clean_builtins()
 
     def interact(self, banner=None):
         """Closely emulate the interactive Python console.
 
         The optional banner argument specify the banner to print
         before the first interaction; by default it prints a banner
         similar to the one printed by the real Python interpreter,
         followed by the current class name in parentheses (so as not
         to confuse this with the real interpreter -- since it's so
         close!).
 
         """
         
         if self.exit_now:
             # batch run -> do not interact
             return
         cprt = 'Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.'
         if banner is None:
             self.write("Python %s on %s\n%s\n(%s)\n" %
                        (sys.version, sys.platform, cprt,
                         self.__class__.__name__))
         else:
             self.write(banner)
 
         more = 0
         
         # Mark activity in the builtins
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] += 1
 
         # exit_now is set by a call to %Exit or %Quit
         while not self.exit_now:
             if more:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
             else:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
             try:
                 line = self.raw_input(prompt,more)
                 if self.exit_now:
                     # quick exit on sys.std[in|out] close
                     break
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.readline_startup_hook(None)
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 self.write('\nKeyboardInterrupt\n')
                 self.resetbuffer()
                 # keep cache in sync with the prompt counter:
                 self.outputcache.prompt_count -= 1
 
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.indent_current_nsp = 0
                 more = 0
             except EOFError:
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.readline_startup_hook(None)
                 self.write('\n')
                 self.exit()
             except bdb.BdbQuit:
                 warn('The Python debugger has exited with a BdbQuit exception.\n'
                      'Because of how pdb handles the stack, it is impossible\n'
                      'for IPython to properly format this particular exception.\n'
                      'IPython will resume normal operation.')
             except:
                 # exceptions here are VERY RARE, but they can be triggered
                 # asynchronously by signal handlers, for example.
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 more = self.push(line)
                 if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
                     self.rc.autoedit_syntax):
                     self.edit_syntax_error()
             
         # We are off again...
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] -= 1
 
     def excepthook(self, etype, value, tb):
       """One more defense for GUI apps that call sys.excepthook.
 
       GUI frameworks like wxPython trap exceptions and call
       sys.excepthook themselves.  I guess this is a feature that
       enables them to keep running after exceptions that would
       otherwise kill their mainloop. This is a bother for IPython
       which excepts to catch all of the program exceptions with a try:
       except: statement.
 
       Normally, IPython sets sys.excepthook to a CrashHandler instance, so if
       any app directly invokes sys.excepthook, it will look to the user like
       IPython crashed.  In order to work around this, we can disable the
       CrashHandler and replace it with this excepthook instead, which prints a
       regular traceback using our InteractiveTB.  In this fashion, apps which
       call sys.excepthook will generate a regular-looking exception from
       IPython, and the CrashHandler will only be triggered by real IPython
       crashes.
 
       This hook should be used sparingly, only in places which are not likely
       to be true IPython errors.
       """
       self.showtraceback((etype,value,tb),tb_offset=0)
 
     def expand_aliases(self,fn,rest):
         """ Expand multiple levels of aliases:
         
         if:
         
         alias foo bar /tmp
         alias baz foo
         
         then:
         
         baz huhhahhei -> bar /tmp huhhahhei
         
         """
         line = fn + " " + rest
         
         done = Set()
         while 1:
             pre,fn,rest = self.split_user_input(line, pattern = self.shell_line_split)
             # print "!",fn,"!",rest # dbg
             if fn in self.alias_table:
                 if fn in done:
                     warn("Cyclic alias definition, repeated '%s'" % fn)
                     return ""
                 done.add(fn)
 
                 l2 = self.transform_alias(fn,rest)
                 # dir -> dir 
                 # print "alias",line, "->",l2  #dbg
                 if l2 == line:
                     break
                 # ls -> ls -F should not recurse forever
                 if l2.split(None,1)[0] == line.split(None,1)[0]:
                     line = l2
                     break
                 
                 line=l2
                 
                 
                 # print "al expand to",line #dbg
             else:
                 break
                 
         return line
 
     def transform_alias(self, alias,rest=''):
         """ Transform alias to system command string.
         """
         nargs,cmd = self.alias_table[alias]
         if ' ' in cmd and os.path.isfile(cmd):
             cmd = '"%s"' % cmd
 
         # Expand the %l special to be the user's input line
         if cmd.find('%l') >= 0:
             cmd = cmd.replace('%l',rest)
             rest = ''
         if nargs==0:
             # Simple, argument-less aliases
             cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd,rest)
         else:
             # Handle aliases with positional arguments
             args = rest.split(None,nargs)
             if len(args)< nargs:
                 error('Alias <%s> requires %s arguments, %s given.' %
                       (alias,nargs,len(args)))
                 return None
             cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd % tuple(args[:nargs]),' '.join(args[nargs:]))
         # Now call the macro, evaluating in the user's namespace
         #print 'new command: <%r>' % cmd  # dbg
         return cmd
         
     def call_alias(self,alias,rest=''):
         """Call an alias given its name and the rest of the line.
 
         This is only used to provide backwards compatibility for users of
         ipalias(), use of which is not recommended for anymore."""
 
         # Now call the macro, evaluating in the user's namespace
         cmd = self.transform_alias(alias, rest)
         try:
             self.system(cmd)
         except:
             self.showtraceback()
 
     def indent_current_str(self):
         """return the current level of indentation as a string"""
         return self.indent_current_nsp * ' '
 
     def autoindent_update(self,line):
         """Keep track of the indent level."""
 
         #debugx('line')
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp')
         if self.autoindent:
             if line:
                 inisp = num_ini_spaces(line)
                 if inisp < self.indent_current_nsp:
                     self.indent_current_nsp = inisp
 
                 if line[-1] == ':':
                     self.indent_current_nsp += 4
                 elif dedent_re.match(line):
                     self.indent_current_nsp -= 4
             else:
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
     def runlines(self,lines):
         """Run a string of one or more lines of source.
 
         This method is capable of running a string containing multiple source
         lines, as if they had been entered at the IPython prompt.  Since it
         exposes IPython's processing machinery, the given strings can contain
         magic calls (%magic), special shell access (!cmd), etc."""
 
         # We must start with a clean buffer, in case this is run from an
         # interactive IPython session (via a magic, for example).
         self.resetbuffer()
         lines = lines.split('\n')
         more = 0
         for line in lines:
             # skip blank lines so we don't mess up the prompt counter, but do
             # NOT skip even a blank line if we are in a code block (more is
             # true)
             if line or more:
                 more = self.push(self.prefilter(line,more))
                 # IPython's runsource returns None if there was an error
                 # compiling the code.  This allows us to stop processing right
                 # away, so the user gets the error message at the right place.
                 if more is None:
                     break
         # final newline in case the input didn't have it, so that the code
         # actually does get executed
         if more:
             self.push('\n')
 
     def runsource(self, source, filename='<input>', symbol='single'):
         """Compile and run some source in the interpreter.
 
         Arguments are as for compile_command().
 
         One several things can happen:
 
         1) The input is incorrect; compile_command() raised an
         exception (SyntaxError or OverflowError).  A syntax traceback
         will be printed by calling the showsyntaxerror() method.
 
         2) The input is incomplete, and more input is required;
         compile_command() returned None.  Nothing happens.
 
         3) The input is complete; compile_command() returned a code
         object.  The code is executed by calling self.runcode() (which
         also handles run-time exceptions, except for SystemExit).
 
         The return value is:
 
           - True in case 2
 
           - False in the other cases, unless an exception is raised, where
           None is returned instead.  This can be used by external callers to
           know whether to continue feeding input or not.
 
         The return value can be used to decide whether to use sys.ps1 or
         sys.ps2 to prompt the next line."""
 
         # if the source code has leading blanks, add 'if 1:\n' to it
         # this allows execution of indented pasted code. It is tempting
         # to add '\n' at the end of source to run commands like ' a=1'
         # directly, but this fails for more complicated scenarios
         if source[:1] in [' ', '\t']:
             source = 'if 1:\n%s' % source
 
         try:
             code = self.compile(source,filename,symbol)
         except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError):
             # Case 1
             self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             return None
 
         if code is None:
             # Case 2
             return True
 
         # Case 3
         # We store the code object so that threaded shells and
         # custom exception handlers can access all this info if needed.
         # The source corresponding to this can be obtained from the
         # buffer attribute as '\n'.join(self.buffer).
         self.code_to_run = code
         # now actually execute the code object
         if self.runcode(code) == 0:
             return False
         else:
             return None
 
     def runcode(self,code_obj):
         """Execute a code object.
 
         When an exception occurs, self.showtraceback() is called to display a
         traceback.
 
         Return value: a flag indicating whether the code to be run completed
         successfully:
 
           - 0: successful execution.
           - 1: an error occurred.
         """
 
         # Set our own excepthook in case the user code tries to call it
         # directly, so that the IPython crash handler doesn't get triggered
         old_excepthook,sys.excepthook = sys.excepthook, self.excepthook
 
         # we save the original sys.excepthook in the instance, in case config
         # code (such as magics) needs access to it.
         self.sys_excepthook = old_excepthook
         outflag = 1  # happens in more places, so it's easier as default
         try:
             try:
                 # Embedded instances require separate global/local namespaces
                 # so they can see both the surrounding (local) namespace and
                 # the module-level globals when called inside another function.
                 if self.embedded:
                     exec code_obj in self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns
                 # Normal (non-embedded) instances should only have a single
                 # namespace for user code execution, otherwise functions won't
                 # see interactive top-level globals.
                 else:
                     exec code_obj in self.user_ns
             finally:
                 # Reset our crash handler in place
                 sys.excepthook = old_excepthook
         except SystemExit:
             self.resetbuffer()
             self.showtraceback()
             warn("Type %exit or %quit to exit IPython "
                  "(%Exit or %Quit do so unconditionally).",level=1)
         except self.custom_exceptions:
             etype,value,tb = sys.exc_info()
             self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
         except:
             self.showtraceback()
         else:
             outflag = 0
             if softspace(sys.stdout, 0):
                 print
         # Flush out code object which has been run (and source)
         self.code_to_run = None
         return outflag
         
     def push(self, line):
         """Push a line to the interpreter.
 
         The line should not have a trailing newline; it may have
         internal newlines.  The line is appended to a buffer and the
         interpreter's runsource() method is called with the
         concatenated contents of the buffer as source.  If this
         indicates that the command was executed or invalid, the buffer
         is reset; otherwise, the command is incomplete, and the buffer
         is left as it was after the line was appended.  The return
         value is 1 if more input is required, 0 if the line was dealt
         with in some way (this is the same as runsource()).
         """
 
         # autoindent management should be done here, and not in the
         # interactive loop, since that one is only seen by keyboard input.  We
         # need this done correctly even for code run via runlines (which uses
         # push).
 
         #print 'push line: <%s>' % line  # dbg
         for subline in line.splitlines():
             self.autoindent_update(subline)
         self.buffer.append(line)
         more = self.runsource('\n'.join(self.buffer), self.filename)
         if not more:
             self.resetbuffer()
         return more
 
     def resetbuffer(self):
         """Reset the input buffer."""
         self.buffer[:] = []
         
     def raw_input(self,prompt='',continue_prompt=False):
         """Write a prompt and read a line.
 
         The returned line does not include the trailing newline.
         When the user enters the EOF key sequence, EOFError is raised.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - prompt(''): a string to be printed to prompt the user.
 
           - continue_prompt(False): whether this line is the first one or a
           continuation in a sequence of inputs.
         """
 
         # Code run by the user may have modified the readline completer state.
         # We must ensure that our completer is back in place.
         self.set_completer()
         
         try:
-            line = raw_input_original(prompt).decode(sys.stdin.encoding)
+            line = raw_input_original(prompt).decode(self.stdin_encoding)
         except ValueError:
             warn("\n********\nYou or a %run:ed script called sys.stdin.close()"
                  " or sys.stdout.close()!\nExiting IPython!")
             self.exit_now = True
             return ""
 
         # Try to be reasonably smart about not re-indenting pasted input more
         # than necessary.  We do this by trimming out the auto-indent initial
         # spaces, if the user's actual input started itself with whitespace.
         #debugx('self.buffer[-1]')
 
         if self.autoindent:
             if num_ini_spaces(line) > self.indent_current_nsp:
                 line = line[self.indent_current_nsp:]
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
             
         # store the unfiltered input before the user has any chance to modify
         # it.
         if line.strip():
             if continue_prompt:
                 self.input_hist_raw[-1] += '%s\n' % line
                 if self.has_readline: # and some config option is set?
                     try:
                         histlen = self.readline.get_current_history_length()
                         newhist = self.input_hist_raw[-1].rstrip()
                         self.readline.remove_history_item(histlen-1)
                         self.readline.replace_history_item(histlen-2,newhist)
                     except AttributeError:
                         pass # re{move,place}_history_item are new in 2.4.                
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)
 
         try:
             lineout = self.prefilter(line,continue_prompt)
         except:
             # blanket except, in case a user-defined prefilter crashes, so it
             # can't take all of ipython with it.
             self.showtraceback()
             return ''
         else:
             return lineout
 
     def split_user_input(self,line, pattern = None):
         """Split user input into pre-char, function part and rest."""
 
         if pattern is None:
             pattern = self.line_split
             
         lsplit = pattern.match(line)
         if lsplit is None:  # no regexp match returns None
             #print "match failed for line '%s'" % line  # dbg
             try:
                 iFun,theRest = line.split(None,1)
             except ValueError:
                 #print "split failed for line '%s'" % line  # dbg
                 iFun,theRest = line,''
             pre = re.match('^(\s*)(.*)',line).groups()[0]
         else:
             pre,iFun,theRest = lsplit.groups()
 
         # iFun has to be a valid python identifier, so it better be only pure
         #ascii, no unicode:
         try:
             iFun = iFun.encode('ascii')
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             theRest = iFun+u' '+theRest
             iFun = u''
             
         #print 'line:<%s>' % line # dbg
         #print 'pre <%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun.strip(),theRest) # dbg
         return pre,iFun.strip(),theRest
 
     # THIS VERSION IS BROKEN!!!  It was intended to prevent spurious attribute
     # accesses with a more stringent check of inputs, but it introduced other
     # bugs.  Disable it for now until I can properly fix it.
     def split_user_inputBROKEN(self,line):
         """Split user input into pre-char, function part and rest."""
 
         lsplit = self.line_split.match(line)
         if lsplit is None:  # no regexp match returns None
             lsplit = self.line_split_fallback.match(line)
 
         #pre,iFun,theRest = lsplit.groups()  # dbg
         #print 'line:<%s>' % line # dbg
         #print 'pre <%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun.strip(),theRest) # dbg
         #return pre,iFun.strip(),theRest  # dbg
 
         return lsplit.groups()
 
     def _prefilter(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """Calls different preprocessors, depending on the form of line."""
 
         # All handlers *must* return a value, even if it's blank ('').
 
         # Lines are NOT logged here. Handlers should process the line as
         # needed, update the cache AND log it (so that the input cache array
         # stays synced).
 
         # This function is _very_ delicate, and since it's also the one which
         # determines IPython's response to user input, it must be as efficient
         # as possible.  For this reason it has _many_ returns in it, trying
         # always to exit as quickly as it can figure out what it needs to do.
 
         # This function is the main responsible for maintaining IPython's
         # behavior respectful of Python's semantics.  So be _very_ careful if
         # making changes to anything here.
 
         #.....................................................................
         # Code begins
 
         #if line.startswith('%crash'): raise RuntimeError,'Crash now!'  # dbg
 
         # save the line away in case we crash, so the post-mortem handler can
         # record it
         self._last_input_line = line
 
         #print '***line: <%s>' % line # dbg
         
         # the input history needs to track even empty lines
         stripped = line.strip()
         
         if not stripped:
             if not continue_prompt:
                 self.outputcache.prompt_count -= 1
             return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
             #return self.handle_normal('',continue_prompt)
 
         # print '***cont',continue_prompt  # dbg
         # special handlers are only allowed for single line statements
         if continue_prompt and not self.rc.multi_line_specials:
             return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
 
 
         # For the rest, we need the structure of the input
         pre,iFun,theRest = self.split_user_input(line)
 
         # See whether any pre-existing handler can take care of it
         
         rewritten = self.hooks.input_prefilter(stripped)
         if rewritten != stripped: # ok, some prefilter did something
             rewritten = pre + rewritten  # add indentation
             return self.handle_normal(rewritten)
             
         #print 'pre <%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun,theRest)  # dbg
         
         # Next, check if we can automatically execute this thing
 
         # Allow ! in multi-line statements if multi_line_specials is on:
         if continue_prompt and self.rc.multi_line_specials and \
                iFun.startswith(self.ESC_SHELL):
             return self.handle_shell_escape(line,continue_prompt,
                                             pre=pre,iFun=iFun,
                                             theRest=theRest)        
 
         # First check for explicit escapes in the last/first character
         handler = None
         if line[-1] == self.ESC_HELP and line[0] != self.ESC_SHELL:
             handler = self.esc_handlers.get(line[-1])  # the ? can be at the end
         if handler is None:
             # look at the first character of iFun, NOT of line, so we skip
             # leading whitespace in multiline input
             handler = self.esc_handlers.get(iFun[0:1])
         if handler is not None:
             return handler(line,continue_prompt,pre,iFun,theRest)
         # Emacs ipython-mode tags certain input lines
         if line.endswith('# PYTHON-MODE'):
             return self.handle_emacs(line,continue_prompt)
 
         # Let's try to find if the input line is a magic fn
         oinfo = None
         if hasattr(self,'magic_'+iFun):
             # WARNING: _ofind uses getattr(), so it can consume generators and
             # cause other side effects.
             oinfo = self._ofind(iFun) # FIXME - _ofind is part of Magic
             if oinfo['ismagic']:
                 # Be careful not to call magics when a variable assignment is
                 # being made (ls='hi', for example)
                 if self.rc.automagic and \
                        (len(theRest)==0 or theRest[0] not in '!=()<>,') and \
                        (self.rc.multi_line_specials or not continue_prompt):
                     return self.handle_magic(line,continue_prompt,
                                              pre,iFun,theRest)
                 else:
                     return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
 
         # If the rest of the line begins with an (in)equality, assginment or
         # function call, we should not call _ofind but simply execute it.
         # This avoids spurious geattr() accesses on objects upon assignment.
         #
         # It also allows users to assign to either alias or magic names true
         # python variables (the magic/alias systems always take second seat to
         # true python code).
         if theRest and theRest[0] in '!=()':
             return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
         
         if oinfo is None:
             # let's try to ensure that _oinfo is ONLY called when autocall is
             # on.  Since it has inevitable potential side effects, at least
             # having autocall off should be a guarantee to the user that no
             # weird things will happen.
 
             if self.rc.autocall:
                 oinfo = self._ofind(iFun) # FIXME - _ofind is part of Magic
             else:
                 # in this case, all that's left is either an alias or
                 # processing the line normally.
                 if iFun in self.alias_table:
                     # if autocall is off, by not running _ofind we won't know
                     # whether the given name may also exist in one of the
                     # user's namespace.  At this point, it's best to do a
                     # quick check just to be sure that we don't let aliases
                     # shadow variables.
                     head = iFun.split('.',1)[0]
                     if head in self.user_ns or head in self.internal_ns \
                        or head in __builtin__.__dict__:
                         return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
                     else:
                         return self.handle_alias(line,continue_prompt,
                                                  pre,iFun,theRest)
                  
                 else:
                     return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
         
         if not oinfo['found']:
             return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
         else:
             #print 'pre<%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun,theRest) # dbg
             if oinfo['isalias']:
                 return self.handle_alias(line,continue_prompt,
                                              pre,iFun,theRest)
 
             if (self.rc.autocall 
                  and
                    (
                    #only consider exclusion re if not "," or ";" autoquoting
                    (pre == self.ESC_QUOTE or pre == self.ESC_QUOTE2
                      or pre == self.ESC_PAREN) or 
                    (not self.re_exclude_auto.match(theRest)))
                  and 
                    self.re_fun_name.match(iFun) and 
                    callable(oinfo['obj'])) :
                 #print 'going auto'  # dbg
                 return self.handle_auto(line,continue_prompt,
                                         pre,iFun,theRest,oinfo['obj'])
             else:
                 #print 'was callable?', callable(oinfo['obj'])  # dbg
                 return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
 
         # If we get here, we have a normal Python line. Log and return.
         return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
 
     def _prefilter_dumb(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """simple prefilter function, for debugging"""
         return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
 
     
     def multiline_prefilter(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """ Run _prefilter for each line of input
         
         Covers cases where there are multiple lines in the user entry,
         which is the case when the user goes back to a multiline history
         entry and presses enter.
         
         """
         out = []
         for l in line.rstrip('\n').split('\n'):
             out.append(self._prefilter(l, continue_prompt))
         return '\n'.join(out)
     
     # Set the default prefilter() function (this can be user-overridden)
     prefilter = multiline_prefilter
 
     def handle_normal(self,line,continue_prompt=None,
                       pre=None,iFun=None,theRest=None):
         """Handle normal input lines. Use as a template for handlers."""
 
         # With autoindent on, we need some way to exit the input loop, and I
         # don't want to force the user to have to backspace all the way to
         # clear the line.  The rule will be in this case, that either two
         # lines of pure whitespace in a row, or a line of pure whitespace but
         # of a size different to the indent level, will exit the input loop.
         
         if (continue_prompt and self.autoindent and line.isspace() and
             (0 < abs(len(line) - self.indent_current_nsp) <= 2 or
              (self.buffer[-1]).isspace() )):
             line = ''
 
         self.log(line,line,continue_prompt)
         return line
 
     def handle_alias(self,line,continue_prompt=None,
                      pre=None,iFun=None,theRest=None):
         """Handle alias input lines. """
 
         # pre is needed, because it carries the leading whitespace.  Otherwise
         # aliases won't work in indented sections.
         transformed = self.expand_aliases(iFun, theRest)        
         line_out = '%s_ip.system(%s)' % (pre, make_quoted_expr( transformed ))        
         self.log(line,line_out,continue_prompt)
         #print 'line out:',line_out # dbg
         return line_out
 
     def handle_shell_escape(self, line, continue_prompt=None,
                             pre=None,iFun=None,theRest=None):
         """Execute the line in a shell, empty return value"""
 
         #print 'line in :', `line` # dbg
         # Example of a special handler. Others follow a similar pattern.
         if line.lstrip().startswith('!!'):
             # rewrite iFun/theRest to properly hold the call to %sx and
             # the actual command to be executed, so handle_magic can work
             # correctly
             theRest = '%s %s' % (iFun[2:],theRest)
             iFun = 'sx'
             return self.handle_magic('%ssx %s' % (self.ESC_MAGIC,
                                      line.lstrip()[2:]),
                                      continue_prompt,pre,iFun,theRest)
         else:
             cmd=line.lstrip().lstrip('!')
             line_out = '%s_ip.system(%s)' % (pre,make_quoted_expr(cmd))
         # update cache/log and return
         self.log(line,line_out,continue_prompt)
         return line_out
 
     def handle_magic(self, line, continue_prompt=None,
                      pre=None,iFun=None,theRest=None):
         """Execute magic functions."""
 
 
         cmd = '%s_ip.magic(%s)' % (pre,make_quoted_expr(iFun + " " + theRest))
         self.log(line,cmd,continue_prompt)
         #print 'in handle_magic, cmd=<%s>' % cmd  # dbg
         return cmd
 
     def handle_auto(self, line, continue_prompt=None,
                     pre=None,iFun=None,theRest=None,obj=None):
         """Hande lines which can be auto-executed, quoting if requested."""
 
         #print 'pre <%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun,theRest)  # dbg
         
         # This should only be active for single-line input!
         if continue_prompt:
             self.log(line,line,continue_prompt)
             return line
 
         auto_rewrite = True
         
         if pre == self.ESC_QUOTE:
             # Auto-quote splitting on whitespace
             newcmd = '%s("%s")' % (iFun,'", "'.join(theRest.split()) )
         elif pre == self.ESC_QUOTE2:
             # Auto-quote whole string
             newcmd = '%s("%s")' % (iFun,theRest)
         elif pre == self.ESC_PAREN:
             newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun,",".join(theRest.split()))
         else:
             # Auto-paren.
             # We only apply it to argument-less calls if the autocall
             # parameter is set to 2.  We only need to check that autocall is <
             # 2, since this function isn't called unless it's at least 1.
             if not theRest and (self.rc.autocall < 2):
                 newcmd = '%s %s' % (iFun,theRest)
                 auto_rewrite = False
             else:
                 if theRest.startswith('['):
                     if hasattr(obj,'__getitem__'):
                         # Don't autocall in this case: item access for an object
                         # which is BOTH callable and implements __getitem__.
                         newcmd = '%s %s' % (iFun,theRest)
                         auto_rewrite = False
                     else:
                         # if the object doesn't support [] access, go ahead and
                         # autocall
                         newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun.rstrip(),theRest)
                 elif theRest.endswith(';'):
                     newcmd = '%s(%s);' % (iFun.rstrip(),theRest[:-1])
                 else:
                     newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun.rstrip(), theRest)
 
         if auto_rewrite:
             print >>Term.cout, self.outputcache.prompt1.auto_rewrite() + newcmd
         # log what is now valid Python, not the actual user input (without the
         # final newline)
         self.log(line,newcmd,continue_prompt)
         return newcmd
 
     def handle_help(self, line, continue_prompt=None,
                     pre=None,iFun=None,theRest=None):
         """Try to get some help for the object.
 
         obj? or ?obj   -> basic information.
         obj?? or ??obj -> more details.
         """
 
         # We need to make sure that we don't process lines which would be
         # otherwise valid python, such as "x=1 # what?"
         try:
             codeop.compile_command(line)
         except SyntaxError:
             # We should only handle as help stuff which is NOT valid syntax
             if line[0]==self.ESC_HELP:
                 line = line[1:]
             elif line[-1]==self.ESC_HELP:
                 line = line[:-1]
             self.log(line,'#?'+line,continue_prompt)
             if line:
                 #print 'line:<%r>' % line  # dbg
                 self.magic_pinfo(line)
             else:
                 page(self.usage,screen_lines=self.rc.screen_length)
             return '' # Empty string is needed here!
         except:
             # Pass any other exceptions through to the normal handler
             return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
         else:
             # If the code compiles ok, we should handle it normally
             return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
 
     def getapi(self):
         """ Get an IPApi object for this shell instance
         
         Getting an IPApi object is always preferable to accessing the shell
         directly, but this holds true especially for extensions.
         
         It should always be possible to implement an extension with IPApi
         alone. If not, contact maintainer to request an addition.
         
         """
         return self.api
     
     def handle_emacs(self,line,continue_prompt=None,
                     pre=None,iFun=None,theRest=None):
         """Handle input lines marked by python-mode."""
 
         # Currently, nothing is done.  Later more functionality can be added
         # here if needed.
 
         # The input cache shouldn't be updated
 
         return line
 
     def mktempfile(self,data=None):
         """Make a new tempfile and return its filename.
 
         This makes a call to tempfile.mktemp, but it registers the created
         filename internally so ipython cleans it up at exit time.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - data(None): if data is given, it gets written out to the temp file
           immediately, and the file is closed again."""
 
         filename = tempfile.mktemp('.py','ipython_edit_')
         self.tempfiles.append(filename)
         
         if data:
             tmp_file = open(filename,'w')
             tmp_file.write(data)
             tmp_file.close()
         return filename
 
     def write(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default output"""
         Term.cout.write(data)
 
     def write_err(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default error output"""
         Term.cerr.write(data)
 
     def exit(self):
         """Handle interactive exit.
 
         This method sets the exit_now attribute."""
 
         if self.rc.confirm_exit:
             if self.ask_yes_no('Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)?','y'):
                 self.exit_now = True
         else:
             self.exit_now = True
 
     def safe_execfile(self,fname,*where,**kw):
         """A safe version of the builtin execfile().
 
         This version will never throw an exception, and knows how to handle
         ipython logs as well."""
 
         def syspath_cleanup():
             """Internal cleanup routine for sys.path."""
             if add_dname:
                 try:
                     sys.path.remove(dname)
                 except ValueError:
                     # For some reason the user has already removed it, ignore.
                     pass
         
         fname = os.path.expanduser(fname)
 
         # Find things also in current directory.  This is needed to mimic the
         # behavior of running a script from the system command line, where
         # Python inserts the script's directory into sys.path
         dname = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(fname))
         add_dname = False
         if dname not in sys.path:
             sys.path.insert(0,dname)
             add_dname = True
 
         try:
             xfile = open(fname)
         except:
             print >> Term.cerr, \
                   'Could not open file <%s> for safe execution.' % fname
             syspath_cleanup()
             return None
 
         kw.setdefault('islog',0)
         kw.setdefault('quiet',1)
         kw.setdefault('exit_ignore',0)
         first = xfile.readline()
         loghead = str(self.loghead_tpl).split('\n',1)[0].strip()
         xfile.close()
         # line by line execution
         if first.startswith(loghead) or kw['islog']:
             print 'Loading log file <%s> one line at a time...' % fname
             if kw['quiet']:
                 stdout_save = sys.stdout
                 sys.stdout = StringIO.StringIO()
             try:
                 globs,locs = where[0:2]
             except:
                 try:
                     globs = locs = where[0]
                 except:
                     globs = locs = globals()
             badblocks = []
 
             # we also need to identify indented blocks of code when replaying
             # logs and put them together before passing them to an exec
             # statement. This takes a bit of regexp and look-ahead work in the
             # file. It's easiest if we swallow the whole thing in memory
             # first, and manually walk through the lines list moving the
             # counter ourselves.
             indent_re = re.compile('\s+\S')
             xfile = open(fname)
             filelines = xfile.readlines()
             xfile.close()
             nlines = len(filelines)
             lnum = 0
             while lnum < nlines:
                 line = filelines[lnum]
                 lnum += 1
                 # don't re-insert logger status info into cache
                 if line.startswith('#log#'):
                     continue
                 else:
                     # build a block of code (maybe a single line) for execution
                     block = line
                     try:
                         next = filelines[lnum] # lnum has already incremented
                     except:
                         next = None
                     while next and indent_re.match(next):
                         block += next
                         lnum += 1
                         try:
                             next = filelines[lnum]
                         except:
                             next = None
                     # now execute the block of one or more lines
                     try:
                         exec block in globs,locs
                     except SystemExit:
                         pass
                     except:
                         badblocks.append(block.rstrip())
             if kw['quiet']:  # restore stdout
                 sys.stdout.close()
                 sys.stdout = stdout_save
             print 'Finished replaying log file <%s>' % fname
             if badblocks:
                 print >> sys.stderr, ('\nThe following lines/blocks in file '
                                       '<%s> reported errors:' % fname)
                     
                 for badline in badblocks:
                     print >> sys.stderr, badline
         else:  # regular file execution
             try:
                 if sys.platform == 'win32':
                     # Work around a bug in Python for Windows.  The bug was
                     # fixed in in Python 2.5 r54159 and 54158, but that's still
                     # SVN Python as of March/07.  For details, see:
                     # http://projects.scipy.org/ipython/ipython/ticket/123
                     exec file(fname) in where[0],where[1]
                 else:
                     execfile(fname,*where)
             except SyntaxError:
                 self.showsyntaxerror()
                 warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
             except SystemExit,status:
                 if not kw['exit_ignore']:
                     self.showtraceback()
                     warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
                 warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
 
         syspath_cleanup()
 
 #************************* end of file <iplib.py> *****************************

doc/ChangeLog

@@ -1,6513 +1,6525 b''
[phone]  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
+
+	* Tag 0.8.0 for release.
+	
+	* IPython/iplib.py (reloadhist): add API function to cleanly
+	reload the readline history, which was growing inappropriately on
+	every %run call.
+
+	* win32_manual_post_install.py (run): apply last part of Nicolas
+	Pernetty's patch (I'd accidentally applied it in a different
+	directory and this particular file didn't get patched).
+
 2007-04-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MAIN_THREAD_ID): get rid of my stupid hack to
 	find the main thread id and use the proper API call.  Thanks to
 	Stefan for the fix.
 
 	* test/test_prefilter.py (esc_handler_tests): udpate one of Dan's
 	unit tests to reflect fixed ticket #52, and add more tests sent by
 	him.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (raw_input): restore the readline completer
 	state on every input, in case third-party code messed it up.
 	(_prefilter): revert recent addition of early-escape checks which
 	prevent many valid alias calls from working.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MTInteractiveShell.runcode): add a tracking
 	flag for sigint handler so we don't run a full signal() call on
 	each runcode access.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_whos): small improvement to diagnostic
 	message.
 
 2007-04-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (sigint_handler): I *THINK* I finally got
 	asynchronous exceptions working, i.e., Ctrl-C can actually
 	interrupt long-running code in the multithreaded shells.
 
 	This is using Tomer Filiba's great ctypes-based trick:
 	http://sebulba.wikispaces.com/recipe+thread2.  I'd already tried
 	this in the past, but hadn't been able to make it work before.  So
 	far it looks like it's actually running, but this needs more
 	testing.  If it really works, I'll be *very* happy, and we'll owe
 	a huge thank you to Tomer.  My current implementation is ugly,
 	hackish and uses nasty globals, but I don't want to try and clean
 	anything up until we know if it actually works.
 
 	NOTE: this feature needs ctypes to work.  ctypes is included in
 	Python2.5, but 2.4 users will need to manually install it.  This
 	feature makes multi-threaded shells so much more usable that it's
 	a minor price to pay (ctypes is very easy to install, already a
 	requirement for win32 and available in major linux distros).
 
 2007-04-04  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Extensions/ipy_completers.py, ipy_stock_completers.py:
 	Moved implementations of 'bundled' completers to ipy_completers.py,
 	they are only enabled in ipy_stock_completers.py.
 
 2007-04-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/PyColorize.py (Parser.format2): Fix identation of
 	colorzied output and return early if color scheme is NoColor, to
 	avoid unnecessary and expensive tokenization.  Closes #131.
 
 2007-04-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Debugger.py: disable the use of pydb version 1.17.  It
 	has a critical bug (a missing import that makes post-mortem not
 	work at all).  Unfortunately as of this time, this is the version
 	shipped with Ubuntu Edgy, so quite a few people have this one.  I
 	hope Edgy will update to a more recent package.
 
 2007-04-02  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (_prefilter): close #52, second part of a patch
 	set by Stefan (only the first part had been applied before).
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipy_stock_completers.py (module_completer):
 	remove usage of the dangerous pkgutil.walk_packages().  See
 	details in comments left in the code.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_whos): add support for numpy arrays
 	similar to what we had for Numeric.
 
 	* IPython/completer.py (IPCompleter.complete): extend the
 	complete() call API to support completions by other mechanisms
 	than readline.  Closes #109.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (safe_execfile): add a safeguard under Win32 to
 	protect against a bug in Python's execfile().  Closes #123.
 
 2007-04-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (split_user_input): ensure that when splitting
 	user input, the part that can be treated as a python name is pure
 	ascii (Python identifiers MUST be pure ascii).  Part of the
 	ongoing Unicode support work.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (prompt_specials_color): Add \N for the
 	actual prompt number, without any coloring.  This allows users to
 	produce numbered prompts with their own colors.  Added after a
 	report/request by Thorsten Kampe <thorsten-AT-thorstenkampe.de>.
 
 2007-03-31  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/igrid.py: Map the return key
 	to enter() and shift-return to enterattr().
 
 2007-03-30  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_psearch): add unicode support by
 	encoding to ascii the input, since this routine also only deals
 	with valid Python names.  Fixes a bug reported by Stefan.
 
 2007-03-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (_inspect): convert unicode input into ascii
 	before trying to evaluate it as a Python identifier.  This fixes a
 	problem that the new unicode support had introduced when analyzing
 	long definition lines for functions.
 
 2007-03-24  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/igrid.py: Fix picking. Using
 	igrid with wxPython 2.6 and -wthread should work now.
 	igrid.display() simply tries to create a frame without
 	an application. Only if this fails an application is created.
 
 2007-03-23  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/path.py: Updated to version 2.2.
 
 2007-03-23  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py: recursive alias expansion now works better, so that
 	cases like 'top' -> 'd:/cygwin/top' -> 'ls :/cygwin/top'
 	doesn't trip up the process, if 'd' has been aliased to 'ls'.
 	
 	* Extensions/ipy_gnuglobal.py added, provides %global magic
 	for users of http://www.gnu.org/software/global
 	
 	* iplib.py: '!command /?' now doesn't invoke IPython's help system.
 	Closes #52. Patch by Stefan van der Walt.
 
 2007-03-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/FakeModule.py (FakeModule.__init__): Small fix to
 	respect the __file__ attribute when using %run.  Thanks to a bug
 	report by Sebastian Rooks <sebastian.rooks-AT-free.fr>.
 
 2007-03-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (raw_input): Fix mishandling of unicode at
 	input.  Patch sent by Stefan.
 
 2007-03-20  J�rgen Stenarson  <[e-mail]>
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipy_stock_completer.py
 	shlex_split, fix bug in shlex_split. len function
 	call was missing an if statement. Caused shlex_split to
 	sometimes return "" as last element.
 
 2007-03-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/completer.py
 	(IPCompleter.file_matches.single_dir_expand): fix a problem
 	reported by Stefan, where directories containign a single subdir
 	would be completed too early.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (_load_pylab): Make the execution of 'from
 	pylab import *' when -pylab is given be optional.  A new flag,
 	pylab_import_all controls this behavior, the default is True for
 	backwards compatibility.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (_formatTracebackLines): Added (slightly
 	modified) R. Bernstein's patch for fully syntax highlighted
 	tracebacks.  The functionality is also available under ultraTB for
 	non-ipython users (someone using ultraTB but outside an ipython
 	session).  They can select the color scheme by setting the
 	module-level global DEFAULT_SCHEME.  The highlight functionality
 	also works when debugging.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (IOStream.close): small patch by
 	R. Bernstein for improved pydb support.
 
 	* IPython/Debugger.py (Pdb.format_stack_entry): Added patch by
 	DaveS <[e-mail]> to improve support of debugging under
 	NTEmacs, including improved pydb behavior.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_prun): Fix saving of profile info for
 	Python 2.5, where the stats object API changed a little.  Thanks
 	to a bug report by Paul Smith <paul.smith-AT-catugmt.com>.
 	
 	* IPython/ColorANSI.py (InputTermColors.Normal): applied Nicolas
 	Pernetty's patch to improve support for (X)Emacs under Win32.
 
 2007-03-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (hijack_wx): ipmort WX with current semantics
 	to quiet a deprecation warning that fires with Wx 2.8.  Thanks to
 	a report by Nik Tautenhahn.
 
 2007-03-16  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py: Add the igrid help files to the list of data files
 	to be installed alongside igrid.
 	* IPython/Extensions/igrid.py: (Patch by Nik Tautenhahn)
 	Show the input object of the igrid browser as the window tile.
 	Show the object the cursor is on in the statusbar.
 
 2007-03-15  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Extensions/ipy_stock_completers.py: Fixed exception
         on mismatching quotes in %run completer. Patch by
         J�rgen Stenarson. Closes #127.
 
 2007-03-14  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Extensions/ext_rehashdir.py: Do not do auto_alias
         in %rehashdir, it clobbers %store'd aliases.
         
         * UserConfig/ipy_profile_sh.py: envpersist.py extension
         (beefed up %env) imported for sh profile.
 
 2007-03-10  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py: Prefer ibrowse over igrid
 	as the default browser.
 	* IPython/Extensions/igrid.py: Make a few igrid attributes private.
 	As igrid displays all attributes it ever encounters, fetch() (which has
 	been renamed to _fetch()) doesn't have to recalculate the display attributes
 	every time a new item is fetched. This should speed up scrolling.
 
 2007-03-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): fix for Alex
 	Schmolck's recently reported tab-completion bug (my previous one
 	had a problem).  Patch by Dan Milstein <danmil-AT-comcast.net>.
 
 2007-03-09  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/igrid.py: Patch by Nik Tautenhahn:
 	Close help window if exiting igrid.
 
 2007-03-02  J�rgen Stenarson  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipy_defaults.py: Check if readline is available
 	before calling functions from readline.
 
 2007-03-02  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/igrid.py: Add Nik Tautenhahns igrid extension.
 	igrid is a wxPython-based display object for ipipe. If your system has
 	wx installed igrid will be the default display. Without wx ipipe falls
 	back to ibrowse (which needs curses). If no curses is installed ipipe
 	falls back to idump.
 
 2007-03-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (split_user_inputBROKEN): temporarily disable
 	my changes from yesterday, they introduced bugs.  Will reactivate
 	once I get a correct solution, which will be much easier thanks to
 	Dan Milstein's new prefilter test suite.
 
 2007-02-28  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (split_user_input): fix input splitting so we
 	don't attempt attribute accesses on things that can't possibly be
 	valid Python attributes.  After a bug report by Alex Schmolck.
 	(InteractiveShell.__init__): brown-paper bag fix; regexp broke
 	%magic with explicit % prefix.
 
 2007-02-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellGTK.mainloop): update threads calls to
 	avoid a DeprecationWarning from GTK.
 
 2007-02-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (clock): I modified clock() to return total
 	time, user+system.  This is a more commonly needed metric.  I also
 	introduced the new clocku/clocks to get only user/system time if
 	one wants those instead.
 	
 	***WARNING: API CHANGE*** clock() used to return only user time,
 	so if you want exactly the same results as before, use clocku
 	instead.
 
 2007-02-22  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipy_p4.py: Extension for improved
         p4 (perforce version control system) experience.
         Adds %p4 magic with p4 command completion and
         automatic -G argument (marshall output as python dict)
 
 2007-02-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/demo.py (Demo.re_stop): make dashes optional in demo
 	stop marks. 
 	(ClearingMixin): a simple mixin to easily make a Demo class clear
 	the screen in between blocks and have empty marquees. The
 	ClearDemo and ClearIPDemo classes that use it are included.
 
 2007-02-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/irunner.py (pexpect_monkeypatch): patch pexpect to
 	protect against exceptions at Python shutdown time.  Patch
 	sumbmitted to upstream.
 
 2007-02-14  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: If entering the first object level
 	(i.e. the object for which the browser has been started) fails,
 	now the error is raised directly (aborting the browser) instead of
 	running into an empty levels list later.
 
 2007-02-03  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py: Add an xrepr implementation
 	for the noitem object.
 
 2007-01-31  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/completer.py (Completer.attr_matches): Fix small
 	tab-completion bug with Enthought Traits objects with units.
 	Thanks to a bug report by Tom Denniston
 	<tom.denniston-AT-alum.dartmouth.org>.
 
 2007-01-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipy_stock_completers.py (runlistpy): fix a
 	bug where only .ipy or .py would be completed.  Once the first
 	argument to %run has been given, all completions are valid because
 	they are the arguments to the script, which may well be non-python
 	filenames.
 
 	* IPython/irunner.py (InteractiveRunner.run_source): major updates
 	to irunner to allow it to correctly support real doctesting of
 	out-of-process ipython code.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_cd): Make the setting of the terminal
 	title an option (-noterm_title) because it completely breaks
 	doctesting.
 
 	* IPython/demo.py: fix IPythonDemo class that was not actually working.
 
 2007-01-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/irunner.py (main): fix small bug where extensions were
 	not being correctly recognized.
 
 2007-01-23  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py (xiter): Make sure that iterating
 	a string containing a single line yields the string itself as the
 	only item.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py (ibrowse): Avoid entering an
 	object if it's the same as the one on the last level (This avoids
 	infinite recursion for one line strings).
 
 2007-01-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (AutoFormattedTB.__call__): properly flush
 	all output streams before printing tracebacks.  This ensures that
 	user output doesn't end up interleaved with traceback output.
 
 2007-01-10  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Extensions/envpersist.py: Turbocharged %env that remembers
 	env vars across sessions; e.g. "%env PATH+=;/opt/scripts" or
 	"%env VISUAL=jed".
 
 2007-01-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (showtraceback): ensure that we correctly call
 	custom handlers in all cases (some with pdb were slipping through,
 	but I'm not exactly sure why).
 
 	* IPython/Debugger.py (Tracer.__init__): added new class to
 	support set_trace-like usage of IPython's enhanced debugger.
 
 2006-12-24  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipmaker.py: more informative message when ipy_user_conf
 	import fails (suggest running %upgrade).
 	
 	* tools/run_ipy_in_profiler.py: Utility to see where
 	the time during IPython startup is spent.
 	
 2006-12-20  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* 0.7.3 is out - merge all from 0.7.3 branch to trunk
 
 	* ipapi.py: Add new ipapi method, expand_alias.
 	
 	* Release.py: Bump up version to 0.7.4.svn
 
 2006-12-17  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Extensions/jobctrl.py: Fixed &cmd arg arg... 
 	to work properly on posix too
 	
 	* Release.py: Update revnum (version is still just 0.7.3).
 
 2006-12-15  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* scripts/ipython_win_post_install: create ipython.py in
 	prefix + "/scripts".
 	
 	* Release.py: Update version to 0.7.3.
     
 2006-12-14  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* scripts/ipython_win_post_install: Overwrite old shortcuts
 	if they already exist
 
 	* Release.py: release 0.7.3rc2
     
 2006-12-13  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Branch and update Release.py for 0.7.3rc1
 
 2006-12-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellWX): update for current WX naming
 	conventions, to avoid a deprecation warning with current WX
 	versions.  Thanks to a report by Danny Shevitz.
 
 2006-12-12  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipmaker.py: apply david cournapeau's patch to make
 	import_some work properly even when ipythonrc does 
 	import_some on empty list (it was an old bug!).
 
 	* UserConfig/ipy_user_conf.py, UserConfig/ipythonrc:
 	Add deprecation note to ipythonrc and a url to wiki
 	in ipy_user_conf.py
 
 		 
 	* Magic.py (%run): %run myscript.ipy now runs myscript.ipy
 	as if it was typed on IPython command prompt, i.e.
 	as IPython script.
 	
 	* example-magic.py, magic_grepl.py: remove outdated examples
 
 2006-12-11  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
         * IPython/iplib.py (debugger): prevent a nasty traceback if %debug
         is called before any exception has occurred.
 	
 2006-12-08  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Extensions/ipy_stock_completers.py: fix cd completer 
 	to translate /'s to \'s again.
 	
 	* completer.py: prevent traceback on file completions w/ 
 	backslash.
 	
 	* Release.py: Update release number to 0.7.3b3 for release
 
 2006-12-07  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Extensions/ipy_signals.py: Ignore ctrl+C in IPython process
 	while executing external code. Provides more shell-like behaviour
 	and overall better response to ctrl + C / ctrl + break.
 
 	* tools/make_tarball.py: new script to create tarball straight from svn
 	(setup.py sdist doesn't work on win32).
 
 	* Extensions/ipy_stock_completers.py: fix cd completer to give up
 	on dirnames with spaces and use the default completer instead.
 
 	* Revision.py: Change version to 0.7.3b2 for release.
 
 2006-12-05  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Magic.py, iplib.py, completer.py: Apply R. Bernstein's
 	pydb patch 4 (rm debug printing, py 2.5 checking)
 
 2006-11-30  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: Add two new commands to ibrowse:
 	"refresh" (mapped to "r") refreshes the screen by restarting the iterator.
 	"refreshfind" (mapped to "R") does the same but tries to go back to the same
 	object the cursor was on before the refresh. The command "markrange" is
 	mapped to "%" now.
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: Make igrpentry and ipwdentry comparable.
 
 2006-11-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_debug): new %debug magic to activate the
 	interactive debugger on the last traceback, without having to call
 	%pdb and rerun your code.  Made minor changes in various modules,
 	should automatically recognize pydb if available.
 
 2006-11-28  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* completer.py: If the text start with !, show file completions
 	properly. This helps when trying to complete command name
 	for shell escapes.
 
 2006-11-27  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipy_stock_completers.py: bzr completer submitted by Stefan van 
 	der Walt. Clean up svn and hg completers by using a common 
 	vcs_completer. 
 	
 2006-11-26  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Remove ipconfig and %config; you should use _ip.options structure
 	directly instead!
 	
 	* genutils.py: add wrap_deprecated function for deprecating callables
 	
 	* iplib.py: deprecate ipmagic, ipsystem, ipalias. Use _ip.magic and
 	_ip.system instead. ipalias is redundant.
 	
 	* Magic.py: %rehashdir no longer aliases 'cmdname' to 'cmdname.exe' on 
 	win32, but just 'cmdname'. Other extensions (non-'exe') are still made 
 	explicit.
 
 	* ipy_stock_completers.py: 'hg' (mercurial VCS) now has a custom 
 	completer. Try it by entering 'hg ' and pressing tab.
 
 	* macro.py: Give Macro a useful __repr__ method
 	
 	* Magic.py: %whos abbreviates the typename of Macro for brevity.
 	
 2006-11-24  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 	* IPython/Extensions/astyle.py: Do a relative import of ipipe, so that
 	we don't get a duplicate ipipe module, where registration of the xrepr
 	implementation for Text is useless.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py: Fix __xrepr__() implementation for ils.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: Fix keymapping for the enter command.
 
 2006-11-24  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Magic.py, manual_base.lyx: Kirill Smelkov patch: 
 	try to use "cProfile" instead of the slower pure python
 	"profile"
 
 2006-11-23  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* manual_base.lyx: Kirill Smelkov patch: Fix wrong 
 	Qt+IPython+Designer link in documentation.
 	
 	* Extensions/ipy_pydb.py: R. Bernstein's patch for passing 
 	correct Pdb object to %pydb.
 
 
 2006-11-22  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 	* IPython/Extensions/astyle.py: Text needs it's own implemenation of the
 	generic xrepr(), otherwise the list implementation would kick in.
 
 2006-11-21  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* upgrade_dir.py: Now actually overwrites a nonmodified user file
 	with one from UserConfig.
 	
 	* ipy_profile_sh.py: Add dummy "depth" to var_expand lambda, 
 	it was missing which broke the sh profile.
 	
 	* completer.py: file completer now uses explicit '/' instead
 	of os.path.join, expansion of 'foo' was broken on win32 
 	if there was one directory with name 'foobar'. 
 
 	* A bunch of patches from Kirill Smelkov:
 	
 	* [patch 9/9] doc: point bug-tracker URL to IPythons trac-tickets.
 
 	* [patch 7/9] Implement %page -r (page in raw mode) - 
 
 	* [patch 5/9] ScientificPython webpage has moved
 
 	* [patch 4/9] The manual mentions %ds, should be %dhist
 
 	* [patch 3/9] Kill old bits from %prun doc.
 
 	* [patch 1/9] Fix typos here and there.
 
 2006-11-08  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* completer.py (attr_matches): catch all exceptions raised 
 	by eval of expr with dots.
 
 2006-11-07  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (runsource): Prepend an 'if 1:' to the user
 	input if it starts with whitespace.  This allows you to paste
 	indented input from any editor without manually having to type in
 	the 'if 1:', which is convenient when working interactively.
 	Slightly modifed version of a patch by Bo Peng
 	<bpeng-AT-rice.edu>.
 
 2006-11-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/irunner.py (main): modified irunner so it automatically
 	recognizes the right runner to use based on the extension (.py for
 	python, .ipy for ipython and .sage for sage).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.ipconfig): new builtin, also
 	visible in ipapi as ip.config(), to programatically control the
 	internal rc object.  There's an accompanying %config magic for
 	interactive use, which has been enhanced to match the
 	funtionality in ipconfig.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_system_verbose): Change %system_verbose
 	so it's not just a toggle, it now takes an argument.  Add support
 	for a customizable header when making system calls, as the new
 	system_header variable in the ipythonrc file.
 
 2006-11-03  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py: xrepr(), xiter() and xattrs() are now
 	generic functions (using Philip J. Eby's simplegeneric package).
 	This makes it possible to customize the display of third-party classes
 	without having to monkeypatch them. xiter() no longer supports a mode
 	argument and the XMode class has been removed. The same functionality can
 	be implemented via IterAttributeDescriptor and IterMethodDescriptor.
 	One consequence of the switch to generic functions is that xrepr() and
 	xattrs() implementation must define the default value for the mode
 	argument themselves and xattrs() implementations must return real
 	descriptors.
 
 	* IPython/external: This new subpackage will contain all third-party
 	packages that are bundled with IPython. (The first one is simplegeneric).
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py (ifile/ils): Readd output of the parent
 	directory which as been dropped in r1703.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py (iless): Fixed.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse: Fixed sorting under Python 2.3.
 
 2006-11-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.var_expand): fix stack
 	handling in variable expansion so that shells and magics recognize
 	function local scopes correctly.  Bug reported by Brian.
 
 	* scripts/ipython: remove the very first entry in sys.path which
 	Python auto-inserts for scripts, so that sys.path under IPython is
 	as similar as possible to that under plain Python.
 
 	* IPython/completer.py (IPCompleter.file_matches): Fix
 	tab-completion so that quotes are not closed unless the completion
 	is unambiguous.  After a request by Stefan.  Minor cleanups in
 	ipy_stock_completers.
 
 2006-11-02  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipy_stock_completers.py: Add %run and %cd completers.
 	
 	* completer.py: Try running custom completer for both 
 	"foo" and "%foo" if the command is just "foo". Ignore case
 	when filtering possible completions.
 	
 	* UserConfig/ipy_user_conf.py: install stock completers as default	
 	
 	* iplib.py (history_saving_wrapper), debugger(), ipy_pydb.py:
 	simplified readline history save / restore through a wrapper 
 	function
 	
 	
 2006-10-31  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* strdispatch.py, completer.py, ipy_stock_completers.py:
 	Allow str_key ("command") in completer hooks. Implement 
 	trivial completer for 'import' (stdlib modules only). Rename 
 	ipy_linux_package_managers.py to ipy_stock_completers.py.
 	SVN completer.
 	
 	* Extensions/ledit.py: %magic line editor for easily and
 	incrementally manipulating lists of strings. The magic command
 	name is %led.
 
 2006-10-30  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Debugger.py, iplib.py (debugger()): Add last set of Rocky 
 	Bernsteins's patches for pydb integration.
 	http://bashdb.sourceforge.net/pydb/
 	
 	* strdispatch.py, iplib.py, completer.py, IPython/__init__.py,
 	Extensions/ipy_linux_package_managers.py, hooks.py: Implement 
 	custom completer hook to allow the users to implement their own 
 	completers. See ipy_linux_package_managers.py for example. The 
 	hook name is 'complete_command'. 
 
 2006-10-28  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc-scipy: minor cleanups to remove old
 	Numeric leftovers.
 
 	* ipython.el (py-execute-region): apply Stefan's patch to fix
 	garbled results if the python shell hasn't been previously started.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (arg_split): moved to genutils, since it's a
 	pretty generic function and useful for other things.
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (getsource): Add customizable source
 	extractor.  After a request/patch form W. Stein (SAGE).
 
 	* IPython/irunner.py (InteractiveRunner.run_source): reset tty
 	window size to a more reasonable value from what pexpect does,
 	since their choice causes wrapping bugs with long input lines.
 
 2006-10-28  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Magic.py (%run): Save and restore the readline history from 
 	file around %run commands to prevent side effects from 
 	%runned programs that might use readline (e.g. pydb).
 
 	* extensions/ipy_pydb.py: Adds %pydb magic when imported, for 
 	invoking the pydb enhanced debugger.
 
 2006-10-23  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py (ifile): Remove all methods that
 	call the base class method and propagate the return value to
 	ifile. This is now done by path itself.
 
 2006-10-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipapi.py (IPApi.__init__): Added new entry to public
 	api: set_crash_handler(), to expose the ability to change the
 	internal crash handler.
 
 	* IPython/CrashHandler.py (CrashHandler.__init__): abstract out
 	the various parameters of the crash handler so that apps using
 	IPython as their engine can customize crash handling.  Ipmlemented
 	at the request of SAGE.
 
 2006-10-14  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Magic.py, ipython.el: applied first "safe" part of Rocky 
 	Bernstein's patch set for pydb integration.
 
 	* Magic.py (%unalias, %alias): %store'd aliases can now be
 	removed with '%unalias'. %alias w/o args now shows most 
 	interesting (stored / manually defined) aliases last
 	where they catch the eye w/o scrolling.
 
 	* Magic.py (%rehashx), ext_rehashdir.py: files with
 	'py' extension are always considered executable, even
 	when not in PATHEXT environment variable.
 
 2006-10-12  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* jobctrl.py: Add new "jobctrl" extension for spawning background
 	processes with "&find /". 'import jobctrl' to try it out. Requires
 	'subprocess' module, standard in python 2.4+.
 	
 	* iplib.py (expand_aliases, handle_alias): Aliases expand transitively, 
 	so if foo -> bar and bar -> baz, then foo -> baz.
 
 2006-10-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.parse_options): add a new posix option
 	to allow parsing of input args in magics that doesn't strip quotes
 	(if posix=False).  This also closes %timeit bug reported by
 	Stefan.
 
 2006-10-03  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py (raw_input, interact): Return ValueError catching for 
 	raw_input. Fixes infinite loop for sys.stdin.close() or 
 	sys.stdout.close().
 
 2006-09-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/irunner.py (InteractiveRunner.run_source): small fixes
 	to help in handling doctests.  irunner is now pretty useful for
 	running standalone scripts and simulate a full interactive session
 	in a format that can be then pasted as a doctest.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): Install exit/quit
 	on top of the default (useless) ones.  This also fixes the nasty
 	way in which 2.5's Quitter() exits (reverted [1785]).
 
 	* IPython/Debugger.py (Pdb.__init__): Fix ipdb to work with python
 	2.5.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (TBTools.set_colors): Make sure that ipdb
 	color scheme is updated as well when color scheme is changed
 	interactively. 
 
 2006-09-27  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py (raw_input): python 2.5 closes stdin on quit -> avoid
     infinite loop and just exit. It's a hack, but will do for a while.
 
 2006-08-25  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py (ils): Add arguments dirs and files to
 	the constructor, this makes it possible to get a list of only directories
 	or only files.
 
 2006-08-12  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Fakemodule.py, OInspect.py: Reverted 2006-08-11 mods,
 	they broke unittest 
 
 2006-08-11  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Fakemodule.py, OInspect.py: remove 2006-08-09 monkepatch
 	by resolving issue properly, i.e. by inheriting FakeModule
 	from types.ModuleType. Pickling ipython interactive data
 	should still work as usual (testing appreciated).
 
 2006-08-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py: monkeypatch inspect from the stdlib if
 	running under python 2.3 with code from 2.4 to fix a bug with
 	help().  Reported by the Debian maintainers, Norbert Tretkowski
 	<norbert-AT-tretkowski.de> and Alexandre Fayolle
 	<afayolle-AT-debian.org>.
 
 2006-08-04  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: Fixed the help message in the footer
 	(which was displaying "quit" twice).
 
 2006-07-28  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py: Fix isort.__iter__() (was still using
 	the mode argument).
 
 2006-07-27  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py: Fix getglobals() if we're
 	not running under IPython.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py: Rename XAttr to AttributeDetail
 	and make it iterable (iterating over the attribute itself). Add two new
 	magic strings for __xattrs__(): If the string starts with "-", the attribute
 	will not be displayed in ibrowse's detail view (but it can still be
 	iterated over). This makes it possible to add attributes that are large
 	lists or generator methods to the detail view. Replace magic attribute names
 	and _attrname() and _getattr() with "descriptors": For each type of magic
 	attribute name there's a subclass of Descriptor: None -> SelfDescriptor();
 	"foo" -> AttributeDescriptor("foo"); "foo()" -> MethodDescriptor("foo");
 	"-foo" -> IterAttributeDescriptor("foo"); "-foo()" -> IterMethodDescriptor("foo");
 	foo() -> FunctionDescriptor(foo). Magic strings returned from __xattrs__()
 	are still supported.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: If fetching the next row from the input
 	fails in ibrowse.fetch(), the exception object is added as the last item
 	and item fetching is canceled. This prevents ibrowse from aborting if e.g.
 	a generator throws an exception midway through execution.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py: Turn ifile's properties mimetype and
 	encoding into methods.
 
 2006-07-26  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py: history now stores multiline input as single
 	history entries. Patch by Jorgen Cederlof.
 
 2006-07-18  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: Make cursor visible over
 	non existing attributes.
 
 2006-07-14  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py (ix): Use os.popen4() so that the
 	error output of the running command doesn't mess up the screen.
 
 2006-07-13  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py (isort): Make isort usable without
 	argument. This sorts the items themselves.
 
 2006-07-12  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ipipe.py (eval, ifilter, isort, ieval):
 	Compile expression strings into code objects. This should speed
 	up ifilter and friends somewhat.
 
 2006-07-08  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Magic.py: %cpaste now strips > from the beginning of lines
 	to ease pasting quoted code from emails. Contributed by 
 	Stefan van der Walt.
 
 2006-06-29  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipmaker.py, Shell.py: qt4agg matplotlib backend support for pylab
 	mode, patch contributed by Darren Dale. NEEDS TESTING! 
 
 2006-06-28  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: Give the ibrowse cursor row
 	a blue background. Fix fetching new display rows when the browser
 	scrolls more than a screenful (e.g. by using the goto command).
 
 2006-06-27  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Magic.py (_inspect, _ofind) Apply David Huard's 
 	patch for displaying the correct docstring for 'property' 
 	attributes.
 
 2006-06-23  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: Put the documentation of the keyboard
 	commands into the methods implementing them.
 
 2006-06-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipython.el (ipython-indentation-hook): cleanup patch, submitted
 	by Kov Chai <tchaikov-AT-gmail.com>.  He notes that the original
 	autoindent support was authored by Jin Liu.
 
 2006-06-22  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: Replace the plain dictionaries used
 	for keymaps with a custom class that simplifies handling.
 
 2006-06-19  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: ibrowse now properly handles terminal
 	resizing. This requires Python 2.5 to work.
 
 2006-06-16  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: Add two new commands to
 	ibrowse: "hideattr" (mapped to "h") hides the attribute under
 	the cursor. "unhiderattrs" (mapped to "H") reveals all hidden
 	attributes again. Remapped the help command to "?". Display
 	keycodes in the range 0x01-0x1F as CTRL-xx. Add CTRL-a and CTRL-e
 	as keys for the "home" and "end" commands. Add three new commands
 	to the input mode for "find" and friends: "delend" (CTRL-K)
 	deletes to the end of line. "incsearchup" searches upwards in the
 	command history for an input that starts with the text before the cursor.
 	"incsearchdown" does the same downwards. Removed a bogus mapping of
 	the x key to "delete".
 
 2006-06-15  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py, hooks.py: Added new generate_prompt hook that can be
 	used to create prompts dynamically, instead of the "old" way of
 	assigning "magic" strings to prompt_in1 and prompt_in2. The old
 	way still works (it's invoked by the default hook), of course.
 	
 	* Prompts.py: added generate_output_prompt hook for altering output
 	prompt
 
 	* Release.py: Changed version string to 0.7.3.svn.
 	
 2006-06-15  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: Change _BrowserLevel.moveto() so that
 	the call to fetch() always tries to fetch enough data for at least one
 	full screen. This makes it possible to simply call moveto(0,0,True) in
 	the constructor. Fix typos and removed the obsolete goto attribute.
 
 2006-06-12  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipy_profile_sh.py: applied Krisha Mohan Gundu's patch for
 	allowing $variable interpolation within multiline statements,
 	though so far only with "sh" profile for a testing period.
 	The patch also enables splitting long commands with \ but it
 	doesn't work properly yet.
 
 2006-06-12  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py (_dodisplay): Display the length of the
 	input history and the position of the cursor in the input history for
 	the find, findbackwards and goto command.
 
 2006-06-10  Walter Doerwald  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/ibrowse.py: Add a class _CommandInput that
 	implements the basic functionality of browser commands that require
 	input. Reimplement the goto, find and findbackwards commands as
 	subclasses of _CommandInput. Add an input history and keymaps to those
 	commands. Add "\r" as a keyboard shortcut for the enterdefault and
 	execute commands.
 
 2006-06-07  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py: ipython mybatch.ipy exits ipython immediately after
 	running the batch files instead of leaving the session open.
 
 2006-06-07  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): update BSD fix, as
 	the original fix was incomplete.  Patch submitted by W. Maier.
 
 2006-06-07  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py,Magic.py, ipmaker.py (magic_rehashx):
 	Confirmation prompts can be supressed by 'quiet' option.
 	_ip.options.quiet = 1 means "assume yes for all yes/no queries".
 
 2006-06-06  *** Released version 0.7.2
 
 2006-06-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Release.py (version): Made 0.7.2 final for release.
 	Repo tagged and release cut.
 
 2006-06-05  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Magic.py (magic_rehashx): Honor no_alias list earlier in
 	%rehashx, to avoid clobbering builtins in ipy_profile_sh.py
 	
 	* upgrade_dir.py: try import 'path' module a bit harder
 	(for %upgrade)
 
 2006-06-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (ask_yes_no): treat EOF as a default answer
 	instead of looping 20 times.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): honor -ipythondir flag
 	correctly at initialization time.  Bug reported by Krishna Mohan
 	Gundu <gkmohan-AT-gmail.com> on the user list.
 
 	* IPython/Release.py (version): Mark 0.7.2 version to start
 	testing for release on 06/06.
 
 2006-05-31  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* scripts/irunner: thin script interface so users don't have to
 	find the module and call it as an executable, since modules rarely
 	live in people's PATH.
 
 	* IPython/irunner.py (InteractiveRunner.__init__): added
 	delaybeforesend attribute to control delays with newer versions of
 	pexpect.  Thanks to detailed help from pexpect's author, Noah
 	Spurrier <noah-AT-noah.org>.  Noted how to use the SAGE runner
 	correctly (it works in NoColor mode).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_normal): fix nasty crash reported on
 	SAGE list, from improper log() calls.
 
 2006-05-31  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* upgrade_dir.py, Magic.py (magic_upgrade): call upgrade_dir
 	with args in parens to work correctly with dirs that have spaces.
 
 2006-05-30  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.logstart): add option to log raw input
 	instead of the processed one.  A -r flag was added to the
 	%logstart magic used for controlling logging.
 
 2006-05-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): add check for the
 	*BSDs to omit --color from all 'ls' aliases, since *BSD ls doesn't
 	recognize the option.  After a bug report by Will Maier.  This
 	closes #64 (will do it after confirmation from W. Maier).
 
 	* IPython/irunner.py: New module to run scripts as if manually
 	typed into an interactive environment, based on pexpect.  After a
 	submission by Ken Schutte <kschutte-AT-csail.mit.edu> on the
 	ipython-user list.  Simple unittests in the tests/ directory.
 
 	* tools/release: add Will Maier, OpenBSD port maintainer, to
 	recepients list.  We are now officially part of the OpenBSD ports:
 	http://www.openbsd.org/ports.html !  Many thanks to Will for the
 	work.
 
 2006-05-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): modify sys.argv fix (below)
 	so that it doesn't break tkinter apps.
 	
 	* IPython/iplib.py (_prefilter): fix bug where aliases would
 	shadow variables when autocall was fully off.  Reported by SAGE
 	author William Stein.
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (Inspector.__init__): add a flag to control
 	at what detail level strings are computed when foo? is requested.
 	This allows users to ask for example that the string form of an
 	object is only computed when foo?? is called, or even never, by
 	setting the object_info_string_level >= 2 in the configuration
 	file.  This new option has been added and documented.  After a
 	request by SAGE to be able to control the printing of very large
 	objects more easily.
 
 2006-05-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): remove the ipython call path
 	from sys.argv, to be 100% consistent with how Python itself works
 	(as seen for example with python -i file.py).  After a bug report
 	by Jeffrey Collins.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MatplotlibShellBase._matplotlib_config): Fix
 	nasty bug which was preventing custom namespaces with -pylab,
 	reported by M. Foord.  Minor cleanup, remove old matplotlib.matlab
 	compatibility (long gone from mpl).
 
 	* IPython/ipapi.py (make_session): name change: create->make.  We
 	use make in other places (ipmaker,...), it's shorter and easier to
 	type and say, etc.  I'm trying to clean things before 0.7.2 so
 	that I can keep things stable wrt to ipapi in the chainsaw branch.
 
 	* ipython.el: fix the py-pdbtrack-input-prompt variable so that
 	python-mode recognizes our debugger mode.  Add support for
 	autoindent inside (X)emacs.  After a patch sent in by Jin Liu
 	<m.liu.jin-AT-gmail.com> originally written by
 	doxgen-AT-newsmth.net (with minor modifications for xemacs
 	compatibility)
 
 	* IPython/Debugger.py (Pdb.format_stack_entry): fix formatting of
 	tracebacks when walking the stack so that the stack tracking system
 	in emacs' python-mode can identify the frames correctly.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): make the internal (and
 	default config) autoedit_syntax value false by default.  Too many
 	users have complained to me (both on and off-list) about problems
 	with this option being on by default, so I'm making it default to
 	off.  It can still be enabled by anyone via the usual mechanisms.
 
 	* IPython/completer.py (Completer.attr_matches): add support for
 	PyCrust-style _getAttributeNames magic method.  Patch contributed
 	by <mscott-AT-goldenspud.com>.  Closes #50.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): remove the
 	deletion of exit/quit from __builtin__, which can break
 	third-party tools like the Zope debugging console.  The
 	%exit/%quit magics remain.  In general, it's probably a good idea
 	not to delete anything from __builtin__, since we never know what
 	that will break.  In any case, python now (for 2.5) will support
 	'real' exit/quit, so this issue is moot.  Closes #55.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (with_obj): rename the 'with' function to
 	'withobj' to avoid incompatibilities with Python 2.5, where 'with'
 	becomes a language keyword.  Closes #53.
 
 	* IPython/FakeModule.py (FakeModule.__init__): add a proper
 	__file__ attribute to this so it fools more things into thinking
 	it is a real module.  Closes #59.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_edit): add -n option to open the editor
 	at a specific line number.  After a patch by Stefan van der Walt.
 
 2006-05-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (edit_syntax_error): fix crash when for some
 	reason the file could not be opened.  After automatic crash
 	reports sent by James Graham <jgraham-AT-ast.cam.ac.uk> and
 	Charles Dolan <charlespatrickdolan-AT-yahoo.com>.
 	(_should_recompile): Don't fire editor if using %bg, since there
 	is no file in the first place.  From the same report as above.
 	(raw_input): protect against faulty third-party prefilters.  After
 	an automatic crash report sent by Dirk Laurie <dirk-AT-sun.ac.za>
 	while running under SAGE.
 
 2006-05-23  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipapi.py: Stripped down ip.to_user_ns() to work only as
 	ip.to_user_ns("x1 y1"), which exposes vars x1 and y1. ipapi.get()
 	now returns None (again), unless dummy is specifically allowed by
 	ipapi.get(allow_dummy=True).
 
 2006-05-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython: remove all 2.2-compatibility objects and hacks from
 	everywhere, since we only support 2.3 at this point.  Docs
 	updated.
 
 	* IPython/ipapi.py (IPApi.__init__): Cleanup of all getters.
 	Anything requiring extra validation can be turned into a Python
 	property in the future.  I used a property for the db one b/c
 	there was a nasty circularity problem with the initialization
 	order, which right now I don't have time to clean up.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MTInteractiveShell.runcode): Fix, I think,
 	another locking bug reported by Jorgen.  I'm not 100% sure though,
 	so more testing is needed...
 
 2006-05-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipapi.py (IPApi.to_user_ns): New function to inject
 	local variables from any routine in user code (typically executed
 	with %run) directly into the interactive namespace.  Very useful
 	when doing complex debugging.
 	(IPythonNotRunning): Changed the default None object to a dummy
 	whose attributes can be queried as well as called without
 	exploding, to ease writing code which works transparently both in
 	and out of ipython and uses some of this API.
 
 2006-05-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/hooks.py (result_display): Fix the fact that our display
 	hook was using str() instead of repr(), as the default python
 	console does.  This had gone unnoticed b/c it only happened if
 	%Pprint was off, but the inconsistency was there.
 
 2006-05-15  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Oinspect.py: Only show docstring for nonexisting/binary files
 	when doing object??, closing ticket #62
 
 2006-05-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MTInteractiveShell.runsource): Fix threading
 	bug, closes http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue55.  A lock
 	was being released in a routine which hadn't checked if it had
 	been the one to acquire it.
 
 2006-05-07  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Release.py (version): put out 0.7.2.rc1 for testing.
 
 2006-04-11  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py, ipmaker.py: .ipy extension now means "ipython batch file"
 	in command line. E.g. "ipython test.ipy" runs test.ipy with ipython
 	prefilters, allowing stuff like magics and aliases in the file.
 	
 	* Prompts.py, Extensions/clearcmd.py, ipy_system_conf.py: %clear magic
 	added. Supported now are "%clear in" and "%clear out" (clear input and
 	output history, respectively). Also fixed CachedOutput.flush to
 	properly flush the output cache.
 	
 	* Extensions/pspersistence.py: Fix %store to avoid "%store obj.attr"
 	half-success (and fail explicitly).
 
 2006-03-28  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py: Fix quoting of aliases so that only argless ones
 	are quoted
 
 2006-03-28  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py: Quote aliases with spaces in the name.
 	"c:\program files\blah\bin" is now legal alias target.
 	
 	* ext_rehashdir.py: Space no longer allowed as arg
 	separator, since space is legal in path names.
 	
 2006-03-16  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* upgrade_dir.py: Take path.py from Extensions, correcting
 	%upgrade magic
 	
 	* ipmaker.py: Suggest using %upgrade if ipy_user_conf.py isn't found.
 	
 	* hooks.py: Only enclose editor binary in quotes if legal and
 	necessary (space in the name, and is an existing file). Fixes a bug
 	reported by Zachary Pincus.
 
 2006-03-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Manual: thanks to a tip on proper color handling for Emacs, by
 	Eric J Haywiser <ejh1-AT-MIT.EDU>.
 	
 	* ipython.el: close http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue57
 	by applying the provided patch.  Thanks to Liu Jin
 	<m.liu.jin-AT-gmail.com> for the contribution.  No problems under
 	XEmacs/Linux, I'm trusting the submitter that it actually helps
 	under win32/GNU Emacs.  Will revisit if any problems are reported.
 
 2006-03-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (_FileClass): update for current Gnuplot.py
 	from SVN, thanks to a patch by Ryan Woodard <[e-mail]>.
 
 2006-03-12  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Magic.py (magic_timeit): Added %timeit magic, contributed by
 	Torsten Marek.
 
 2006-03-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_macro): fix so that the n1-n2 syntax for
 	line ranges works again.
 
 2006-03-11  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (showtraceback): add back sys.last_traceback
 	and friends, after a discussion with Zach Pincus on ipython-user.
 	I'm not 100% sure, but after thinking about it quite a bit, it may
 	be OK.  Testing with the multithreaded shells didn't reveal any
 	problems, but let's keep an eye out.
 
 	In the process, I fixed a few things which were calling
 	self.InteractiveTB() directly (like safe_execfile), which is a
 	mistake: ALL exception reporting should be done by calling
 	self.showtraceback(), which handles state and tab-completion and
 	more.
 
 2006-03-01  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Extensions/ipipe.py: Added Walter Doerwald's "ipipe" module.
 	To use, do "from ipipe import *".
 
 2006-02-24  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Magic.py, upgrade_dir.py: %upgrade magic added. Does things more
 	"cleanly" and safely than the older upgrade mechanism.
 
 2006-02-21  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Magic.py: %save works again.
 
 2006-02-15  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Magic.py: %Pprint works again
 	
 	* Extensions/ipy_sane_defaults.py: Provide everything provided
 	in default ipythonrc, to make it possible to have a completely empty
 	ipythonrc (and thus completely rc-file free configuration)
 
 2006-02-11  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/hooks.py (editor): quote the call to the editor command,
 	to allow commands with spaces in them.  Problem noted by watching
 	Ian Oswald's video about textpad under win32 at
 	http://showmedo.com/videoListPage?listKey=PythonIPythonSeries
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc: Replace @ signs with % when
 	describing magics (we haven't used @ for a loong time).
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.text.text_repr): Added patch
 	contributed by marienz to close
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue53.
 
 2006-02-10  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* genutils.py: getoutput now works in win32 too
 	
 	* completer.py: alias and magic completion only invoked
 	at the first "item" in the line, to avoid "cd %store"
 	nonsense.
 	
 2006-02-09  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* test/*: Added a unit testing framework (finally).
 	'%run runtests.py' to run test_*.
 	
 	* ipapi.py: Exposed runlines and set_custom_exc
 
 2006-02-07  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py: don't split "f 1 2" to "f(1,2)" in autocall,
 	instead use "f(1 2)" as before.
 
 2006-02-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/demo.py (IPythonDemo): Add new classes to the demo
 	facilities, for demos processed by the IPython input filter
 	(IPythonDemo), and for running a script one-line-at-a-time as a
 	demo, both for pure Python (LineDemo) and for IPython-processed
 	input (IPythonLineDemo).  After a request by Dave Kohel, from the
 	SAGE team.
 	(Demo.edit): added an edit() method to the demo objects, to edit
 	the in-memory copy of the last executed block.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_edit): add '-r' option for 'raw'
 	processing to %edit, %macro and %save.  These commands can now be
 	invoked on the unprocessed input as it was typed by the user
 	(without any prefilters applied).  After requests by the SAGE team
 	at SAGE days 2006: http://modular.ucsd.edu/sage/days1/schedule.html.
 
 2006-02-01  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py, eggsetup.py: easy_install ipython==dev works
 	correctly now (on Linux)
 	
 	* ipy_user_conf,ipmaker: user config changes, removed spurious
 	warnings
 	
 	* iplib: if rc.banner is string, use it as is.
 	
 	* Magic: %pycat accepts a string argument and pages it's contents.
 
 
 2006-01-30  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* pickleshare,pspersistence,ipapi,Magic: persistence overhaul.
 	Now %store and bookmarks work through PickleShare, meaning that
 	concurrent access is possible and all ipython sessions see the
 	same database situation all the time, instead of snapshot of
 	the situation when the session was started. Hence, %bookmark
 	results are immediately accessible from othes sessions. The database
 	is also available for use by user extensions. See:
 	http://www.python.org/pypi/pickleshare
 	
 	* hooks.py: Two new hooks, 'shutdown_hook' and 'late_startup_hook'.
 	
 	* aliases can now be %store'd
 	
 	* path.py moved to Extensions so that pickleshare does not need
 	IPython-specific import. Extensions added to pythonpath right
 	at __init__.
 	
 	* iplib.py: ipalias deprecated/redundant; aliases are converted and
 	called with _ip.system and the pre-transformed command string.
 
 2006-01-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (interact): Fix that we were not catching
 	KeyboardInterrupt exceptions properly.  I'm not quite sure why the
 	logic here had to change, but it's fixed now.
 
 2006-01-29  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py: Try to import pyreadline on Windows.
 
 2006-01-27  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py: Expose ipapi as _ip in builtin namespace.
 	Makes ipmagic (-> _ip.magic), ipsystem (-> _ip.system)
 	and ip_set_hook (-> _ip.set_hook) redundant. % and !
 	syntax now produce _ip.* variant of the commands.
 	
 	* "_ip.options().autoedit_syntax = 2" automatically throws
 	user to editor for syntax error correction without prompting.
 
 2006-01-27  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipmaker.py: Give "realistic" sys.argv for scripts (without
 	'ipython' at argv[0]) executed through command line.
 	NOTE: this DEPRECATES calling ipython with multiple scripts
 	("ipython a.py b.py c.py")
 	
 	* iplib.py, hooks.py: Added configurable input prefilter,
 	named 'input_prefilter'. See ext_rescapture.py for example
 	usage.
 	
 	* ext_rescapture.py, Magic.py: Better system command output capture
 	through 'var = !ls' (deprecates user-visible %sc). Same notation
 	applies for magics, 'var = %alias' assigns alias list to var.
 	
 	* ipapi.py: added meta() for accessing extension-usable data store.
 	
 	* iplib.py: added InteractiveShell.getapi(). New magics should be
 	written doing self.getapi() instead of using the shell directly.
 	
 	* Magic.py: %store now allows doing %store foo > ~/myfoo.txt and
 	%store foo >> ~/myfoo.txt to store variables to files (in clean
 	textual form, not a restorable pickle).
 	
 	* ipmaker.py: now import ipy_profile_PROFILENAME automatically
 	
 	* usage.py, Magic.py: added %quickref
 	
 	* iplib.py: ESC_PAREN fixes: /f 1 2 -> f(1,2), not f(1 2).
 	
 	* GetoptErrors when invoking magics etc. with wrong args
 	are now more helpful:
 	GetoptError: option -l not recognized (allowed: "qb" )
 
 2006-01-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/demo.py (Demo.show): Flush stdout after each block, so
 	computationally intensive blocks don't appear to stall the demo.
 
 2006-01-24  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* iplib.py, hooks.py: 'result_display' hook can return a non-None
 	value to manipulate resulting history entry.
 	
 	* ipapi.py: Moved TryNext here from hooks.py. Moved functions
 	to instance methods of IPApi class, to make extending an embedded
 	IPython feasible. See ext_rehashdir.py for example usage.
 	
 	* Merged 1071-1076 from branches/0.7.1
 
 
 2006-01-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* tools/release (daystamp): Fix build tools to use the new
 	eggsetup.py script to build lightweight eggs.
 
 	* Applied changesets 1062 and 1064 before 0.7.1 release.
 	
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_history): Add '-r' option to %hist, to
 	see the raw input history (without conversions like %ls ->
 	ipmagic("ls")).  After a request from W. Stein, SAGE
 	(http://modular.ucsd.edu/sage) developer.  This information is
 	stored in the input_hist_raw attribute of the IPython instance, so
 	developers can access it if needed (it's an InputList instance).
 	
 	* Versionstring = 0.7.2.svn
 	
 	* eggsetup.py: A separate script for constructing eggs, creates
 	proper launch scripts even on Windows (an .exe file in
 	\python24\scripts).
 	
 	* ipapi.py: launch_new_instance, launch entry point needed for the
 	egg.
 
 2006-01-23  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Added %cpaste magic for pasting python code
 
 2006-01-22  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Merge from branches/0.7.1 into trunk, revs 1052-1057
 	
 	* Versionstring = 0.7.2.svn
 	
 	* eggsetup.py: A separate script for constructing eggs, creates
 	proper launch scripts even on Windows (an .exe file in
 	\python24\scripts).
 	
 	* ipapi.py: launch_new_instance, launch entry point needed for the
 	egg.
 
 2006-01-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (Inspector.pinfo): fix bug where foo?? or
 	%pfile foo would print the file for foo even if it was a binary.
 	Now, extensions '.so' and '.dll' are skipped.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MTInteractiveShell.__init__): Fix threading
 	bug, where macros would fail in all threaded modes.  I'm not 100%
 	sure, so I'm going to put out an rc instead of making a release
 	today, and wait for feedback for at least a few days.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_normal): fix (finally? somehow I doubt
 	it...) the handling of pasting external code with autoindent on.
 	To get out of a multiline input, the rule will appear for most
 	users unchanged: two blank lines or change the indent level
 	proposed by IPython.  But there is a twist now: you can
 	add/subtract only *one or two spaces*.  If you add/subtract three
 	or more (unless you completely delete the line), IPython will
 	accept that line, and you'll need to enter a second one of pure
 	whitespace.  I know it sounds complicated, but I can't find a
 	different solution that covers all the cases, with the right
 	heuristics.  Hopefully in actual use, nobody will really notice
 	all these strange rules and things will 'just work'.
 
 2006-01-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (interact): catch exceptions which can be
 	triggered asynchronously by signal handlers.  Thanks to an
 	automatic crash report, submitted by Colin Kingsley
 	<tercel-AT-gentoo.org>.
 	
 2006-01-20  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Ipython/Extensions/ext_rehashdir.py: Created a usable example
 	(%rehashdir, very useful, try it out) of how to extend ipython
 	with new magics. Also added Extensions dir to pythonpath to make
 	importing extensions easy.
 	
 	* %store now complains when trying to store interactively declared
 	classes / instances of those classes.
 	
 	* Extensions/ipy_system_conf.py, UserConfig/ipy_user_conf.py,
 	ipmaker.py: Config rehaul. Now ipy_..._conf.py are always imported
 	if they exist, and ipy_user_conf.py with some defaults is created for
 	the user.
 	
 	* Startup rehashing done by the config file, not InterpreterExec.
 	This means system commands are available even without selecting the
 	pysh profile. It's the sensible default after all.
 
 2006-01-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (raw_input): I _think_ I got the pasting of
 	multiline code with autoindent on working.  But I am really not
 	sure, so this needs more testing.  Will commit a debug-enabled
 	version for now, while I test it some more, so that Ville and
 	others may also catch any problems.  Also made
 	self.indent_current_str() a method, to ensure that there's no
 	chance of the indent space count and the corresponding string
 	falling out of sync.  All code needing the string should just call
 	the method.
 
 2006-01-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_edit): fix check for when users don't
 	save their output files, the try/except was in the wrong section.
 
 2006-01-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_run): fix __file__ global missing from
 	script's namespace when executed via %run.  After a report by
 	Vivian.
 
 	* IPython/Debugger.py (Pdb.__init__): Fix breakage with '%run -d'
 	when using python 2.4.  The parent constructor changed in 2.4, and
 	we need to track it directly (we can't call it, as it messes up
 	readline and tab-completion inside our pdb would stop working).
 	After a bug report by R. Bernstein <rocky-AT-panix.com>.
 
 2006-01-16  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Ipython/magic.py: Reverted back to old %edit functionality
 	that returns file contents on exit.
 	
 	* IPython/path.py: Added Jason Orendorff's "path" module to
 	IPython tree, http://www.jorendorff.com/articles/python/path/.
 	You can get path objects conveniently through %sc, and !!, e.g.:
 	 sc files=ls
 	 for p in files.paths: # or files.p
 	     print p,p.mtime
 	
 	* Ipython/iplib.py:"," and ";" autoquoting-upon-autocall
 	now work again without considering the exclusion regexp -
 	hence, things like ',foo my/path' turn to 'foo("my/path")'
 	instead of syntax error.
 	
 
 2006-01-14  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipapi.py (ashook, asmagic, options): Added convenience
 	ipapi decorators for python 2.4 users, options() provides access to rc
 	data.
 	
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_cd): %cd now accepts backslashes
 	as path separators (even on Linux ;-). Space character after
 	backslash (as yielded by tab completer) is still space;
 	"%cd long\ name" works as expected.
 
 	* IPython/ipapi.py,hooks.py,iplib.py: Hooks now implemented
 	as "chain of command", with priority. API stays the same,
 	TryNext exception raised by a hook function signals that
 	current hook failed and next hook should try handling it, as
 	suggested by Walter Dörwald <[e-mail]>. Walter also
 	requested configurable display hook, which is now implemented.
 
 2006-01-13  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/platutils*.py: platform specific utility functions,
 	so far only set_term_title is implemented (change terminal
 	label in windowing systems). %cd now changes the title to
 	current dir.
 
 	* IPython/Release.py: Added myself to "authors" list,
 	had to create new files.
 	
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_shell_escape): fixed logical flaw in
 	shell escape; not a known bug but had potential to be one in the
 	future.
 
 	* IPython/ipapi.py (added),OInspect.py,iplib.py: "Public"
 	extension API for IPython! See the module for usage example. Fix
 	OInspect for docstring-less magic functions.
 	
 
 2006-01-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (raw_input): temporarily deactivate all
 	attempts at allowing pasting of code with autoindent on.  It
 	introduced bugs (reported by Prabhu) and I can't seem to find a
 	robust combination which works in all cases.  Will have to revisit
 	later.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py: remove isspace() function.  We've dropped
 	2.2 compatibility, so it's OK to use the string method.
 
 2006-01-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): fix regexp
 	matching what NOT to autocall on, to include all python binary
 	operators (including things like 'and', 'or', 'is' and 'in').
 	Prompted by a bug report on 'foo & bar', but I realized we had
 	many more potential bug cases with other operators.  The regexp is
 	self.re_exclude_auto, it's fairly commented.
 
 2006-01-12  Ville Vainio  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (make_quoted_expr,handle_shell_escape):
 	Prettified and hardened string/backslash quoting with ipsystem(),
 	ipalias() and ipmagic(). Now even \ characters are passed to
 	%magics, !shell escapes and aliases exactly as they are in the
 	ipython command line. Should improve backslash experience,
 	particularly in Windows (path delimiter for some commands that
 	won't understand '/'), but Unix benefits as well (regexps). %cd
 	magic still doesn't support backslash path delimiters, though. Also
 	deleted all pretense of supporting multiline command strings in
 	!system or %magic commands. Thanks to Jerry McRae for suggestions.
 	
 	* doc/build_doc_instructions.txt added. Documentation on how to
 	use doc/update_manual.py, added yesterday. Both files contributed
 	by Jörgen Stenarson <jorgen.stenarson-AT-bostream.nu>. This slates
 	doc/*.sh for deprecation at a later date.
 	
 	* /ipython.py Added ipython.py to root directory for
 	zero-installation (tar xzvf ipython.tgz; cd ipython; python
 	ipython.py) and development convenience (no need to keep doing
 	"setup.py install" between changes).
 	
 	* Made ! and !! shell escapes work (again) in multiline expressions:
 	  if 1:
 	      !ls
 	      !!ls
 
 2006-01-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipstruct.py (Struct): Rename IPython.Struct to
 	IPython.ipstruct, to avoid local shadowing of the stdlib 'struct'
 	module in case-insensitive installation.  Was causing crashes
 	under win32.  Closes http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue49.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_pycat): Fix pycat, patch by Marien Zwart
 	<marienz-AT-gentoo.org>, closes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue51.
 
 2006-01-11  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellGTK.on_timer): Finally fix the
 	problem of excessive CPU usage under *nix and keyboard lag under
 	win32.
 
 2006-01-10  *** Released version 0.7.0
 
 2006-01-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Release.py (revision): tag version number to 0.7.0,
 	ready for release.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_edit): Add print statement to %edit so
 	it informs the user of the name of the temp. file used.  This can
 	help if you decide later to reuse that same file, so you know
 	where to copy the info from.
 
 2006-01-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup_bdist_egg.py: little script to build an egg.  Added
 	support in the release tools as well.
 
 2006-01-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellWX.__init__): add support for WXPython
 	version selection (new -wxversion command line and ipythonrc
 	parameter).  Patch contributed by Arnd Baecker
 	<arnd.baecker-AT-web.de>.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (embed_mainloop): fix tab-completion in
 	embedded instances, for variables defined at the interactive
 	prompt of the embedded ipython.  Reported by Arnd.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_autocall): Fix %autocall magic.  Now
 	it can be used as a (stateful) toggle, or with a direct parameter.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (_fixed_getinnerframes): remove debug assert which
 	could be triggered in certain cases and cause the traceback
 	printer not to work.
 
 2006-01-07  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (_should_recompile): Small fix, closes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue48.  Patch by Scott.
 
 2006-01-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellGTK.mainloop): fix bug in the GTK
 	backend for matplotlib (100% cpu utiliziation).  Thanks to Charlie
 	Moad for help with tracking it down.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_auto): fix autocall handling for
 	objects which support BOTH __getitem__ and __call__ (so that f [x]
 	is left alone, instead of becoming f([x]) automatically).
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_cd): fix crash when cd -b was used.
 	Ville's patch.
 
 2006-01-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_auto): changed autocall semantics to
 	include 'smart' mode, where the autocall transformation is NOT
 	applied if there are no arguments on the line.  This allows you to
 	just type 'foo' if foo is a callable to see its internal form,
 	instead of having it called with no arguments (typically a
 	mistake).  The old 'full' autocall still exists: for that, you
 	need to set the 'autocall' parameter to 2 in your ipythonrc file.
 
 	* IPython/completer.py (Completer.attr_matches): add
 	tab-completion support for Enthoughts' traits.  After a report by
 	Arnd and a patch by Prabhu.
 
 2006-01-02  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (_fixed_getinnerframes): added Alex
 	Schmolck's patch to fix inspect.getinnerframes().
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): significant fixes
 	for embedded instances, regarding handling of namespaces and items
 	added to the __builtin__ one.  Multiple embedded instances and
 	recursive embeddings should work better now (though I'm not sure
 	I've got all the corner cases fixed, that code is a bit of a brain
 	twister).
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_edit): added support to edit in-memory
 	macros (automatically creates the necessary temp files).  %edit
 	also doesn't return the file contents anymore, it's just noise.
 
 	* IPython/completer.py (Completer.attr_matches): revert change to
 	complete only on attributes listed in __all__.  I realized it
 	cripples the tab-completion system as a tool for exploring the
 	internals of unknown libraries (it renders any non-__all__
 	attribute off-limits).  I got bit by this when trying to see
 	something inside the dis module.
 
 2005-12-31  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): add .meta
 	namespace for users and extension writers to hold data in.  This
 	follows the discussion in
 	http://projects.scipy.org/ipython/ipython/wiki/RefactoringIPython.
 
 	* IPython/completer.py (IPCompleter.complete): small patch to help
 	tab-completion under Emacs, after a suggestion by John Barnard
 	<barnarj-AT-ccf.org>.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.extract_input_slices): added support for
 	the slice notation in magics to use N-M to represent numbers N...M
 	(closed endpoints).  This is used by %macro and %save.
 
 	* IPython/completer.py (Completer.attr_matches): for modules which
 	define __all__, complete only on those.  After a patch by Jeffrey
 	Collins <jcollins_boulder-AT-earthlink.net>.  Also, clean up and
 	speed up this routine.
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.log): fix a history handling bug.  I
 	don't know if this is the end of it, but the behavior now is
 	certainly much more correct.  Note that coupled with macros,
 	slightly surprising (at first) behavior may occur: a macro will in
 	general expand to multiple lines of input, so upon exiting, the
 	in/out counters will both be bumped by the corresponding amount
 	(as if the macro's contents had been typed interactively).  Typing
 	%hist will reveal the intermediate (silently processed) lines.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_run): fix a subtle bug which could cause
 	pickle to fail (%run was overwriting __main__ and not restoring
 	it, but pickle relies on __main__ to operate).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell): fix pdb calling: I'm now
 	using properties, but forgot to make the main InteractiveShell
 	class a new-style class.  Properties fail silently, and
 	mysteriously, with old-style class (getters work, but
 	setters don't do anything).
 
 2005-12-30  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_history): fix history reporting bug (I
 	know some nasties are still there, I just can't seem to find a
 	reproducible test case to track them down; the input history is
 	falling out of sync...)
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_shell_escape): fix bug where both
 	aliases and system accesses where broken for indented code (such
 	as loops).
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (shell): fix small but critical bug for
 	win32 system access.
 
 2005-12-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (showtraceback): remove use of the
 	sys.last_{type/value/traceback} structures, which are non
 	thread-safe.
 	(_prefilter): change control flow to ensure that we NEVER
 	introspect objects when autocall is off.  This will guarantee that
 	having an input line of the form 'x.y', where access to attribute
 	'y' has side effects, doesn't trigger the side effect TWICE.  It
 	is important to note that, with autocall on, these side effects
 	can still happen.
 	(ipsystem): new builtin, to complete the ip{magic/alias/system}
 	trio.  IPython offers these three kinds of special calls which are
 	not python code, and it's a good thing to have their call method
 	be accessible as pure python functions (not just special syntax at
 	the command line).  It gives us a better internal implementation
 	structure, as well as exposing these for user scripting more
 	cleanly.
 
 	* IPython/macro.py (Macro.__init__): moved macros to a standalone
 	file.  Now that they'll be more likely to be used with the
 	persistance system (%store), I want to make sure their module path
 	doesn't change in the future, so that we don't break things for
 	users' persisted data.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (autoindent_update): move indentation
 	management into the _text_ processing loop, not the keyboard
 	interactive one.  This is necessary to correctly process non-typed
 	multiline input (such as macros).
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.format_latex): patch by Stefan van der
 	Walt <stefan-AT-sun.ac.za> to fix latex formatting of docstrings,
 	which was producing problems in the resulting manual.
 	(magic_whos): improve reporting of instances (show their class,
 	instead of simply printing 'instance' which isn't terribly
 	informative).
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (shell): commit Jorgen Stenarson's patch
 	(minor mods) to support network shares under win32.
 
 	* IPython/winconsole.py (get_console_size): add new winconsole
 	module and fixes to page_dumb() to improve its behavior under
 	win32.  Contributed by Alexander Belchenko <bialix-AT-ukr.net>.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Macro): simplified Macro class to just
 	subclass list.  We've had only 2.2 compatibility for a very long
 	time, yet I was still avoiding subclassing the builtin types.  No
 	more (I'm also starting to use properties, though I won't shift to
 	2.3-specific features quite yet).
 	(magic_store): added Ville's patch for lightweight variable
 	persistence, after a request on the user list by Matt Wilkie
 	<maphew-AT-gmail.com>.  The new %store magic's docstring has full
 	details.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.post_config_initialization):
 	changed the default logfile name from 'ipython.log' to
 	'ipython_log.py'.  These logs are real python files, and now that
 	we have much better multiline support, people are more likely to
 	want to use them as such.  Might as well name them correctly.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py: substantial cleanup.  While we can't stop
 	using magics as mixins, due to the existing customizations 'out
 	there' which rely on the mixin naming conventions, at least I
 	cleaned out all cross-class name usage.  So once we are OK with
 	breaking compatibility, the two systems can be separated.
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py: major cleanup.  This one is NOT a mixin
 	anymore, and the class is a fair bit less hideous as well.  New
 	features were also introduced: timestamping of input, and logging
 	of output results.  These are user-visible with the -t and -o
 	options to %logstart.  Closes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue11 and a request by
 	William Stein (SAGE developer - http://modular.ucsd.edu/sage).
 
 2005-12-28  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_shell_escape): add Ville's patch to
 	better handle backslashes in paths.  See the thread 'More Windows
 	questions part 2 - \/ characters revisited' on the iypthon user
 	list:
 	http://scipy.net/pipermail/ipython-user/2005-June/000907.html
 
 	(InteractiveShell.__init__): fix tab-completion bug in threaded shells.
 
 	(InteractiveShell.__init__): change threaded shells to not use the
 	ipython crash handler.  This was causing more problems than not,
 	as exceptions in the main thread (GUI code, typically) would
 	always show up as a 'crash', when they really weren't.
 
 	The colors and exception mode commands (%colors/%xmode) have been
 	synchronized to also take this into account, so users can get
 	verbose exceptions for their threaded code as well.  I also added
 	support for activating pdb inside this exception handler as well,
 	so now GUI authors can use IPython's enhanced pdb at runtime.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): make the autoedit_syntax flag
 	true by default, and add it to the shipped ipythonrc file.  Since
 	this asks the user before proceeding, I think it's OK to make it
 	true by default.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_exit): make new exit/quit magics instead
 	of the previous special-casing of input in the eval loop.  I think
 	this is cleaner, as they really are commands and shouldn't have
 	a special role in the middle of the core code.
 
 2005-12-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (edit_syntax_error): added support for
 	automatically reopening the editor if the file had a syntax error
 	in it.  Thanks to scottt who provided the patch at:
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue36 (slightly modified
 	version committed).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_normal): add suport for multi-line
 	input with emtpy lines.  This fixes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue43 and a similar
 	discussion on the user list.
 
 	WARNING: a behavior change is necessarily introduced to support
 	blank lines: now a single blank line with whitespace does NOT
 	break the input loop, which means that when autoindent is on, by
 	default hitting return on the next (indented) line does NOT exit.
 
 	Instead, to exit a multiline input you can either have:
 
 	  - TWO whitespace lines (just hit return again), or
 	  - a single whitespace line of a different length than provided
 	by the autoindent (add or remove a space).
 
 	* IPython/completer.py (MagicCompleter.__init__): new 'completer'
 	module to better organize all readline-related functionality.
 	I've deleted FlexCompleter and put all completion clases here.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (raw_input): improve indentation management.
 	It is now possible to paste indented code with autoindent on, and
 	the code is interpreted correctly (though it still looks bad on
 	screen, due to the line-oriented nature of ipython).
 	(MagicCompleter.complete): change behavior so that a TAB key on an
 	otherwise empty line actually inserts a tab, instead of completing
 	on the entire global namespace.  This makes it easier to use the
 	TAB key for indentation.  After a request by Hans Meine
 	<hans_meine-AT-gmx.net>
 	(_prefilter): add support so that typing plain 'exit' or 'quit'
 	does a sensible thing.  Originally I tried to deviate as little as
 	possible from the default python behavior, but even that one may
 	change in this direction (thread on python-dev to that effect).
 	Regardless, ipython should do the right thing even if CPython's
 	'>>>' prompt doesn't.
 	(InteractiveShell): removed subclassing code.InteractiveConsole
 	class.  By now we'd overridden just about all of its methods: I've
 	copied the remaining two over, and now ipython is a standalone
 	class.  This will provide a clearer picture for the chainsaw
 	branch refactoring.
 
 2005-12-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.text): harden reporting against
 	failures for objects which break when dir() is called on them.
 
 	* IPython/FlexCompleter.py (Completer.__init__): Added support for
 	distinct local and global namespaces in the completer API.  This
 	change allows us to properly handle completion with distinct
 	scopes, including in embedded instances (this had never really
 	worked correctly).
 
 	Note: this introduces a change in the constructor for
 	MagicCompleter, as a new global_namespace parameter is now the
 	second argument (the others were bumped one position).
 
 2005-12-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (embed_mainloop): fix tab-completion in
 	embedded instances (which can be done now thanks to Vivian's
 	frame-handling fixes for pdb).
 	(InteractiveShell.__init__): Fix namespace handling problem in
 	embedded instances.  We were overwriting __main__ unconditionally,
 	and this should only be done for 'full' (non-embedded) IPython;
 	embedded instances must respect the caller's __main__.  Thanks to
 	a bug report by Yaroslav Bulatov <yaroslavvb-AT-gmail.com>
 
 2005-12-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py: added download_url to setup().  This registers the
 	download address at PyPI, which is not only useful to humans
 	browsing the site, but is also picked up by setuptools (the Eggs
 	machinery).  Thanks to Ville and R. Kern for the info/discussion
 	on this.
 
 2005-12-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Debugger.py (Pdb.__init__): Major pdb mode enhancements.
 	This brings a lot of nice functionality to the pdb mode, which now
 	has tab-completion, syntax highlighting, and better stack handling
 	than before.  Many thanks to Vivian De Smedt
 	<vivian-AT-vdesmedt.com> for the original patches.
 
 2005-12-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellGTK.mainloop): fix mainloop() calling
 	sequence to consistently accept the banner argument.  The
 	inconsistency was tripping SAGE, thanks to Gary Zablackis
 	<gzabl-AT-yahoo.com> for the report.
 
 2005-11-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.post_config_initialization):
 	Fix bug where a naked 'alias' call in the ipythonrc file would
 	cause a crash.  Bug reported by Jorgen Stenarson.
 
 2005-11-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): cleanups which should improve
 	startup time.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (runcode): my globals 'fix' for embedded
 	instances had introduced a bug with globals in normal code.  Now
 	it's working in all cases.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_psearch): Finish wildcard cleanup and
 	API changes.  A new ipytonrc option, 'wildcards_case_sensitive'
 	has been introduced to set the default case sensitivity of the
 	searches.  Users can still select either mode at runtime on a
 	per-search basis.
 
 2005-11-13 Fernando Perez   <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/wildcard.py (NameSpace.__init__): fix resolution of
 	attributes in wildcard searches for subclasses.  Modified version
 	of a patch by Jorgen.
 
 2005-11-12 Fernando Perez   <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (embed_mainloop): Fix handling of globals for
 	embedded instances.  I added a user_global_ns attribute to the
 	InteractiveShell class to handle this.
 
 2005-10-31  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellGTK.mainloop): Change timeout_add to
 	idle_add, which fixes horrible keyboard lag problems under gtk 2.6
 	(reported under win32, but may happen also in other platforms).
 	Bug report and fix courtesy of Sean Moore <smm-AT-logic.bm>
 
 2005-10-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_psearch): new support for wildcard
 	patterns.  Now, typing ?a*b will list all names which begin with a
 	and end in b, for example.  The %psearch magic has full
 	docstrings.  Many thanks to Jörgen Stenarson
 	<jorgen.stenarson-AT-bostream.nu>, author of the patches
 	implementing this functionality.
 
 2005-09-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Manual: fixed long-standing annoyance of double-dashes (as in
 	--prefix=~, for example) being stripped in the HTML version.  This
 	is a latex2html bug, but a workaround was provided.  Many thanks
 	to George K. Thiruvathukal <gthiruv-AT-luc.edu> for the detailed
 	help, and Michael Tobis <mtobis-AT-gmail.com> for getting the ball
 	rolling.  This seemingly small issue had tripped a number of users
 	when first installing, so I'm glad to see it gone.
 	
 2005-09-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/numeric_formats.py: fix missing import,
 	reported by Stephen Walton.
 
 2005-09-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/demo.py: finish demo module, fully documented now.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (file_read): simple little utility to read a
 	file and ensure it's closed afterwards.
 
 2005-09-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/demo.py (Demo.__init__): added support for individually
 	tagging blocks for automatic execution.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_pycat): new %pycat magic for showing
 	syntax-highlighted python sources, requested by John.
 
 2005-09-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/demo.py (Demo.again): fix bug where again() blocks after
 	finishing.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (shlex_split): moved from Magic to here,
 	where all 2.2 compatibility stuff lives.  I needed it for demo.py.
 
 	* IPython/demo.py (Demo.__init__): added support for silent
 	blocks, improved marks as regexps, docstrings written.
 	(Demo.__init__): better docstring, added support for sys.argv.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (marquee): little utility used by the demo
 	code, handy in general.
 
 	* IPython/demo.py (Demo.__init__): new class for interactive
 	demos.  Not documented yet, I just wrote it in a hurry for
 	scipy'05.  Will docstring later.
 
 2005-09-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (sigint_handler): Drastic simplification which
 	also seems to make Ctrl-C work correctly across threads!  This is
 	so simple, that I can't beleive I'd missed it before.  Needs more
 	testing, though.
 	(KBINT): Never mind, revert changes.  I'm sure I'd tried something
 	like this before...
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (get_home_dir): add protection against
 	non-dirs in win32 registry.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.alias_table_validate): fix
 	bug where dict was mutated while iterating (pysh crash).
 
 2005-09-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_auto): Fix inconsistency arising from
 	spurious newlines added by this routine.  After a report by
 	F. Mantegazza.
 
 2005-09-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (hijack_gtk): remove pygtk.require("2.0")
 	calls.  These were a leftover from the GTK 1.x days, and can cause
 	problems in certain cases (after a report by John Hunter).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): Trap exception if
 	os.getcwd() fails at init time.  Thanks to patch from David Remahl
 	<chmod007-AT-mac.com>.
 	(InteractiveShell.__init__): prevent certain special magics from
 	being shadowed by aliases.  Closes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue41.
 
 2005-08-31  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.complete): Added new
 	top-level completion method to expose the completion mechanism
 	beyond readline-based environments.
 
 2005-08-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* tools/ipsvnc (svnversion): fix svnversion capture.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): Add has_readline
 	attribute to self, which was missing.  Before, it was set by a
 	routine which in certain cases wasn't being called, so the
 	instance could end up missing the attribute.  This caused a crash.
 	Closes http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue40.
 
 2005-08-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.text): don't crash if object
 	contains non-string attribute.  Closes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue38.
 
 2005-08-14  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* tools/ipsvnc: Minor improvements, to add changeset info.
 
 2005-08-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (runsource): remove self.code_to_run_src
 	attribute.  I realized this is nothing more than
 	'\n'.join(self.buffer), and having the same data in two different
 	places is just asking for synchronization bugs.  This may impact
 	people who have custom exception handlers, so I need to warn
 	ipython-dev about it (F. Mantegazza may use them).
 
 2005-07-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py: fix 2.2 compatibility (generators)
 
 2005-07-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (get_home_dir): fix to help users with
 	invalid $HOME under win32.
 
 2005-07-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (str_safe): Make unicode-safe.  Also remove
 	some old hacks and clean up a bit other routines; code should be
 	simpler and a bit faster.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (interact): removed some last-resort attempts
 	to survive broken stdout/stderr.  That code was only making it
 	harder to abstract out the i/o (necessary for gui integration),
 	and the crashes it could prevent were extremely rare in practice
 	(besides being fully user-induced in a pretty violent manner).
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (IOStream.__init__): Simplify the i/o stuff.
 	Nothing major yet, but the code is simpler to read; this should
 	make it easier to do more serious modifications in the future.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/InterpreterExec.py: Fix auto-quoting in pysh,
 	which broke in .15 (thanks to a report by Ville).
 
 	* IPython/Itpl.py (Itpl.__init__): add unicode support (it may not
 	be quite correct, I know next to nothing about unicode).  This
 	will allow unicode strings to be used in prompts, amongst other
 	cases.  It also will prevent ipython from crashing when unicode
 	shows up unexpectedly in many places.  If ascii encoding fails, we
 	assume utf_8.  Currently the encoding is not a user-visible
 	setting, though it could be made so if there is demand for it.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): remove old 2.1-specific hack.
 
 	* IPython/Struct.py (Struct.merge): switch keys() to iterator.
 
 	* IPython/background_jobs.py: moved 2.2 compatibility to genutils.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py: Add 2.2 compatibility here, so all other
 	code can work transparently for 2.2/2.3.
 
 2005-07-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (ExceptionColors): Make a global variable
 	out of the color scheme table used for coloring exception
 	tracebacks.  This allows user code to add new schemes at runtime.
 	This is a minimally modified version of the patch at
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue35, many thanks to pabw
 	for the contribution.
 
 	* IPython/FlexCompleter.py (Completer.attr_matches): Add a
 	slightly modified version of the patch in
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue34, which also allows me
 	to remove the previous try/except solution (which was costlier).
 	Thanks to Gaetan Lehmann <gaetan.lehmann-AT-jouy.inra.fr> for the fix.
 
 2005-06-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (write/write_err): Add methods to abstract all
 	I/O a bit more.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellGTK.mainloop): Fix GTK deprecation
 	warning, reported by Aric Hagberg, fix by JD Hunter.
 
 2005-06-02  *** Released version 0.6.15
 
 2005-06-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (MagicCompleter.file_matches): Fix
 	tab-completion of filenames within open-quoted strings.  Note that
 	this requires that in ~/.ipython/ipythonrc, users change the
 	readline delimiters configuration to read:
 
 	readline_remove_delims -/~
 	
 
 2005-05-31  *** Released version 0.6.14
 
 2005-05-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.text): Fix crash for tracebacks
 	with files not on the filesystem.  Reported by Eliyahu Sandler
 	<[e-mail]>
 
 2005-05-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py: Fix a few crashes in the --upgrade option.
 	After an initial report by LUK ShunTim <[e-mail]>.
 
 2005-05-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (safe_execfile): close a file which could be
 	left open (causing problems in win32, which locks open files).
 	Thanks to a bug report by D Brown <[e-mail]>.
 
 2005-05-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MatplotlibShellBase.mplot_exec): pass all
 	keyword arguments correctly to safe_execfile().
 
 2005-05-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipython.1: Added info about Qt to manpage, and threads warning
 	to usage page (invoked with --help).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (MagicCompleter.python_func_kw_matches): Added
 	new matcher (it goes at the end of the priority list) to do
 	tab-completion on named function arguments.  Submitted by George
 	Sakkis <gsakkis-AT-eden.rutgers.edu>.  See the thread at
 	http://www.scipy.net/pipermail/ipython-dev/2005-April/000436.html
 	for more details.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_run): Added new -e flag to ignore
 	SystemExit exceptions in the script being run.  Thanks to a report
 	by danny shevitz <danny_shevitz-AT-yahoo.com>, about this
 	producing very annoying behavior when running unit tests.
 
 2005-05-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_auto): fixed auto-quoting and parens,
 	which I'd broken (again) due to a changed regexp.  In the process,
 	added ';' as an escape to auto-quote the whole line without
 	splitting its arguments.  Thanks to a report by Jerry McRae
 	<qrs0xyc02-AT-sneakemail.com>.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.text): protect against rare but
 	possible crashes caused by a TokenError.  Reported by Ed Schofield
 	<schofield-AT-ftw.at>.
 	
 2005-05-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (hijack_wx): Fix to work with WX v.2.6.
 
 2005-04-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellQt): Thanks to Denis Rivière
 	<nudz-AT-free.fr>, Yann Cointepas <yann-AT-sapetnioc.org> and Benjamin
 	Thyreau <Benji2-AT-decideur.info>, we now have a -qthread option
 	which provides support for Qt interactive usage (similar to the
 	existing one for WX and GTK).  This had been often requested.
 
 2005-04-14  *** Released version 0.6.13
 
 2005-04-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic._ofind): remove docstring evaluation
 	from _ofind, which gets called on almost every input line.  Now,
 	we only try to get docstrings if they are actually going to be
 	used (the overhead of fetching unnecessary docstrings can be
 	noticeable for certain objects, such as Pyro proxies).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (MagicCompleter.python_matches): Change the API
 	for completers.  For some reason I had been passing them the state
 	variable, which completers never actually need, and was in
 	conflict with the rlcompleter API.  Custom completers ONLY need to
 	take the text parameter.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/InterpreterExec.py: Fix regexp so that magics
 	work correctly in pysh.  I've also moved all the logic which used
 	to be in pysh.py here, which will prevent problems with future
 	upgrades.  However, this time I must warn users to update their
 	pysh profile to include the line
 
 	import_all IPython.Extensions.InterpreterExec
 
 	because otherwise things won't work for them.  They MUST also
 	delete pysh.py and the line
 
 	execfile pysh.py
 
 	from their ipythonrc-pysh.
 
 	* IPython/FlexCompleter.py (Completer.attr_matches): Make more
 	robust in the face of objects whose dir() returns non-strings
 	(which it shouldn't, but some broken libs like ITK do).  Thanks to
 	a patch by John Hunter (implemented differently, though).  Also
 	minor improvements by using .extend instead of + on lists.
 
 	* pysh.py: 
 
 2005-04-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): Make multi_line_specials on
 	by default, so that all users benefit from it.  Those who don't
 	want it can still turn it off.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc: Add multi_line_specials to the
 	config file, I'd forgotten about this, so users were getting it
 	off by default.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (ipmagic): big overhaul of the magic system for
 	consistency.  Now magics can be called in multiline statements,
 	and python variables can be expanded in magic calls via $var.
 	This makes the magic system behave just like aliases or !system
 	calls.
 
 2005-03-28  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_auto): cleanup to use %s instead of
 	expensive string additions for building command.  Add support for
 	trailing ';' when autocall is used.
 
 2005-03-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipython.el: Fix http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue31.
 	Bugfix by A. Schmolck, the ipython.el maintainer.  Also make
 	ipython.el robust against prompts with any number of spaces
 	(including 0) after the ':' character.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (Prompt2.set_p_str): Fix spurious space in
 	continuation prompt, which misled users to think the line was
 	already indented.  Closes debian Bug#300847, reported to me by
 	Norbert Tretkowski <tretkowski-AT-inittab.de>.
 
 2005-03-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (Prompt1.__str__): Make sure that prompts are
 	properly aligned if they have embedded newlines.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (runlines): Add a public method to expose
 	IPython's code execution machinery, so that users can run strings
 	as if they had been typed at the prompt interactively.
 	(InteractiveShell.__init__): Added getoutput() to the __IPYTHON__
 	methods which can call the system shell, but with python variable
 	expansion.  The three such methods are: __IPYTHON__.system,
 	.getoutput and .getoutputerror.  These need to be documented in a
 	'public API' section (to be written) of the manual.
 
 2005-03-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.set_custom_exc): new system
 	for custom exception handling.  This is quite powerful, and it
 	allows for user-installable exception handlers which can trap
 	custom exceptions at runtime and treat them separately from
 	IPython's default mechanisms.  At the request of Frédéric
 	Mantegazza <mantegazza-AT-ill.fr>.
 	(InteractiveShell.set_custom_completer): public API function to
 	add new completers at runtime.
 
 2005-03-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (getdoc): Add a call to obj.getdoc(), to
 	allow objects which provide their docstrings via non-standard
 	mechanisms (like Pyro proxies) to still be inspected by ipython's
 	? system.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): back off the _o/_e
 	automatic capture system.  I tried quite hard to make it work
 	reliably, and simply failed.  I tried many combinations with the
 	subprocess module, but eventually nothing worked in all needed
 	cases (not blocking stdin for the child, duplicating stdout
 	without blocking, etc).  The new %sc/%sx still do capture to these
 	magical list/string objects which make shell use much more
 	conveninent, so not all is lost.
 
 	XXX - FIX MANUAL for the change above!
 
 	(runsource): I copied code.py's runsource() into ipython to modify
 	it a bit.  Now the code object and source to be executed are
 	stored in ipython.  This makes this info accessible to third-party
 	tools, like custom exception handlers.  After a request by Frédéric
 	Mantegazza <mantegazza-AT-ill.fr>.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc: Add up/down arrow keys to
 	history-search via readline (like C-p/C-n).  I'd wanted this for a
 	long time, but only recently found out how to do it.  For users
 	who already have their ipythonrc files made and want this, just
 	add:
 
 	readline_parse_and_bind "\e[A": history-search-backward
 	readline_parse_and_bind "\e[B": history-search-forward
 
 2005-03-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_sc): %sc and %sx now use the fancy
 	LSString and SList classes which allow transparent conversions
 	between list mode and whitespace-separated string.
 	(magic_r): Fix recursion problem in %r.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (LSString): New class to be used for
 	automatic storage of the results of all alias/system calls in _o
 	and _e (stdout/err).  These provide a .l/.list attribute which
 	does automatic splitting on newlines.  This means that for most
 	uses, you'll never need to do capturing of output with %sc/%sx
 	anymore, since ipython keeps this always done for you.  Note that
 	only the LAST results are stored, the _o/e variables are
 	overwritten on each call.  If you need to save their contents
 	further, simply bind them to any other name.
 
 2005-03-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (BasePrompt.cwd_filt): a few more fixes for
 	prompt namespace handling.
 
 2005-03-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (CachedOutput.__init__): Fix default and
 	classic prompts to be '>>> ' (final space was missing, and it
 	trips the emacs python mode).
 	(BasePrompt.__str__): Added safe support for dynamic prompt
 	strings.  Now you can set your prompt string to be '$x', and the
 	value of x will be printed from your interactive namespace.  The
 	interpolation syntax includes the full Itpl support, so
 	${foo()+x+bar()} is a valid prompt string now, and the function
 	calls will be made at runtime.
 
 2005-03-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_history): renamed %hist to %history, to
 	avoid name clashes in pylab.  %hist still works, it just forwards
 	the call to %history.
 
 2005-03-02  *** Released version 0.6.12
 
 2005-03-02  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_magic): log magic calls properly as
 	ipmagic() function calls.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_time): Improved %time to support
 	statements and provide wall-clock as well as CPU time.
 
 2005-02-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/hooks.py: New hooks module, to expose user-modifiable
 	IPython functionality in a clean manner.  For now only the editor
 	hook is actually written, and other thigns which I intend to turn
 	into proper hooks aren't yet there.  The display and prefilter
 	stuff, for example, should be hooks.  But at least now the
 	framework is in place, and the rest can be moved here with more
 	time later.  IPython had had a .hooks variable for a long time for
 	this purpose, but I'd never actually used it for anything.
 
 2005-02-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): make the default ipython
 	directory be called _ipython under win32, to follow more the
 	naming peculiarities of that platform (where buggy software like
 	Visual Sourcesafe breaks with .named directories).  Reported by
 	Ville Vainio.
 
 2005-02-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): removed a few
 	auto_aliases for win32 which were causing problems.  Users can
 	define the ones they personally like.
 
 2005-02-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_time): new magic to time execution of
 	expressions.  After a request by Charles Moad <cmoad-AT-indiana.edu>.
 
 2005-02-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ConfigLoader.py (ConfigLoader.load): Allow empty strings
 	into keys (for prompts, for example).
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (BasePrompt.set_p_str): Fix to allow empty
 	prompts in case users want them.  This introduces a small behavior
 	change: ipython does not automatically add a space to all prompts
 	anymore.  To get the old prompts with a space, users should add it
 	manually to their ipythonrc file, so for example prompt_in1 should
 	now read 'In [\#]: ' instead of 'In [\#]:'.
 	(BasePrompt.__init__): New option prompts_pad_left (only in rc
 	file) to control left-padding of secondary prompts.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.profile_missing_notice): Don't crash if
 	the profiler can't be imported.  Fix for Debian, which removed
 	profile.py because of License issues.  I applied a slightly
 	modified version of the original Debian patch at
 	http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=294500.
 
 2005-02-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (native_line_ends): Fix bug which would
 	cause improper line-ends under win32 b/c I was not opening files
 	in binary mode.  Bug report and fix thanks to Ville.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (handle_auto): Fix bug which I introduced when
 	trying to catch spurious foo[1] autocalls.  My fix actually broke
 	',/' autoquote/call with explicit escape (bad regexp).
 
 2005-02-15  *** Released version 0.6.11
 
 2005-02-14  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/background_jobs.py: New background job management
 	subsystem.  This is implemented via a new set of classes, and
 	IPython now provides a builtin 'jobs' object for background job
 	execution.  A convenience %bg magic serves as a lightweight
 	frontend for starting the more common type of calls.  This was
 	inspired by discussions with B. Granger and the BackgroundCommand
 	class described in the book Python Scripting for Computational
 	Science, by H. P. Langtangen: http://folk.uio.no/hpl/scripting
 	(although ultimately no code from this text was used, as IPython's
 	system is a separate implementation).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (MagicCompleter.python_matches): add new option
 	to control the completion of single/double underscore names
 	separately.  As documented in the example ipytonrc file, the
 	readline_omit__names variable can now be set to 2, to omit even
 	single underscore names.  Thanks to a patch by Brian Wong
 	<BrianWong-AT-AirgoNetworks.Com>.
 	(InteractiveShell.__init__): Fix bug which would cause foo[1] to
 	be autocalled as foo([1]) if foo were callable.  A problem for
 	things which are both callable and implement __getitem__.
 	(init_readline): Fix autoindentation for win32.  Thanks to a patch
 	by Vivian De Smedt <vivian-AT-vdesmedt.com>.
 
 2005-02-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): Disabled the stout traps
 	which I had written long ago to sort out user error messages which
 	may occur during startup.  This seemed like a good idea initially,
 	but it has proven a disaster in retrospect.  I don't want to
 	change much code for now, so my fix is to set the internal 'debug'
 	flag to true everywhere, whose only job was precisely to control
 	this subsystem.  This closes issue 28 (as well as avoiding all
 	sorts of strange hangups which occur from time to time).
 
 2005-02-07  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_edit): Fix 'ed -p' not working when the
 	previous call produced a syntax error.
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (Inspector.pinfo): Fix crash when inspecting
 	classes without constructor.
 
 2005-02-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (MagicCompleter.complete): Extend the list of
 	completions with the results of each matcher, so we return results
 	to the user from all namespaces.  This breaks with ipython
 	tradition, but I think it's a nicer behavior.  Now you get all
 	possible completions listed, from all possible namespaces (python,
 	filesystem, magics...)  After a request by John Hunter
 	<jdhunter-AT-nitace.bsd.uchicago.edu>.
 
 2005-02-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_prun): Fix bug where prun would fail if
 	the call had quote characters in it (the quotes were stripped).
 
 2005-01-31  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): reduce reliance on
 	Itpl.itpl() to make the code more robust against psyco
 	optimizations.
 
 	* IPython/Itpl.py (Itpl.__str__): Use a _getframe() call instead
 	of causing an exception.  Quicker, cleaner.
 
 2005-01-28  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* scripts/ipython_win_post_install.py (install): hardcode
 	sys.prefix+'python.exe' as the executable path.  It turns out that
 	during the post-installation run, sys.executable resolves to the
 	name of the binary installer!  I should report this as a distutils
 	bug, I think.  I updated the .10 release with this tiny fix, to
 	avoid annoying the lists further.
 
 2005-01-27  *** Released version 0.6.10
 
 2005-01-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py (norm): Added 'inf' as optional name for
 	L-infinity norm, included references to mathworld.com for vector
 	norm definitions.
 	(amin/amax): added amin/amax for array min/max.  Similar to what
 	pylab ships with after the recent reorganization of names.
 	(spike/spike_odd): removed deprecated spike/spike_odd functions.
 
 	* ipython.el: committed Alex's recent fixes and improvements.
 	Tested with python-mode from CVS, and it looks excellent.  Since
 	python-mode hasn't released anything in a while, I'm temporarily
 	putting a copy of today's CVS (v 4.70) of python-mode in:
 	  http://ipython.scipy.org/tmp/python-mode.el
 
 	* scripts/ipython_win_post_install.py (install): Win32 fix to use
 	sys.executable for the executable name, instead of assuming it's
 	called 'python.exe' (the post-installer would have produced broken
 	setups on systems with a differently named python binary).
 
 	* IPython/PyColorize.py (Parser.__call__): change explicit '\n'
 	references to os.linesep, to make the code more
 	platform-independent.  This is also part of the win32 coloring
 	fixes.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (page_dumb): Remove attempts to chop long
 	lines, which actually cause coloring bugs because the length of
 	the line is very difficult to correctly compute with embedded
 	escapes.  This was the source of all the coloring problems under
 	Win32.  I think that _finally_, Win32 users have a properly
 	working ipython in all respects.  This would never have happened
 	if not for Gary Bishop and Viktor Ransmayr's great help and work.
 
 2005-01-26  *** Released version 0.6.9
 
 2005-01-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py: finally, we have a true Windows installer, thanks to
 	the excellent work of Viktor Ransmayr
 	<viktor.ransmayr-AT-t-online.de>.  The docs have been updated for
 	Windows users.  The setup routine is quite a bit cleaner thanks to
 	this, and the post-install script uses the proper functions to
 	allow a clean de-installation using the standard Windows Control
 	Panel.
 	
 	* IPython/genutils.py (get_home_dir): changed to use the $HOME
 	environment variable under all OSes (including win32) if
 	available.  This will give consistency to win32 users who have set
 	this variable for any reason.  If os.environ['HOME'] fails, the
 	previous policy of using HOMEDRIVE\HOMEPATH kicks in.
 
 2005-01-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py (empty_like): add empty_like(), similar to
 	zeros_like() but taking advantage of the new empty() Numeric routine.
 
 2005-01-23  *** Released version 0.6.8
 
 2005-01-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MatplotlibShellBase.mplot_exec): I removed the
 	automatic show() calls.  After discussing things with JDH, it
 	turns out there are too many corner cases where this can go wrong.
 	It's best not to try to be 'too smart', and simply have ipython
 	reproduce as much as possible the default behavior of a normal
 	python shell.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): Modified the
 	line-splitting regexp and _prefilter() to avoid calling getattr()
 	on assignments.  This closes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue24.  Note that Python's
 	readline uses getattr(), so a simple <TAB> keypress is still
 	enough to trigger getattr() calls on an object.
 
 2005-01-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MatplotlibShellBase.magic_run): Fix the %run
 	docstring under pylab so it doesn't mask the original.
 
 2005-01-21  *** Released version 0.6.7
 
 2005-01-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MTInteractiveShell.runcode): Trap a crash with
 	signal handling for win32 users in multithreaded mode.
 
 2005-01-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (Inspector.pinfo): Fix crash when inspecting
 	instances with no __init__.  After a crash report by Norbert Nemec
 	<Norbert-AT-nemec-online.de>.
 
 2005-01-14  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.text): Fix bug in reporting of
 	names for verbose exceptions, when multiple dotted names and the
 	'parent' object were present on the same line.
 
 2005-01-11  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (flag_calls): new utility to trap and flag
 	calls in functions.  I need it to clean up matplotlib support.
 	Also removed some deprecated code in genutils.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MatplotlibShellBase.mplot_exec): small fix so
 	that matplotlib scripts called with %run, which don't call show()
 	themselves, still have their plotting windows open.
 
 2005-01-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellGTK.__init__): Patch by Andrew Straw
 	<astraw-AT-caltech.edu>, to fix gtk deprecation warnings.
 
 2004-12-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MTInteractiveShell.runcode): Get rid of
 	parent_runcode, which was an eyesore.  The same result can be
 	obtained with Python's regular superclass mechanisms.
 
 2004-12-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_sc): Fix quote stripping problem
 	reported by Prabhu.
 	(Magic.magic_sx): direct all errors to Term.cerr (defaults to
 	sys.stderr) instead of explicitly calling sys.stderr.  This helps
 	maintain our I/O abstractions clean, for future GUI embeddings.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (info): added new utility for sys.stderr
 	unified info message handling (thin wrapper around warn()).
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.text): Fix misreported global
 	composite (dotted) names on verbose exceptions.
 	(VerboseTB.nullrepr): harden against another kind of errors which
 	Python's inspect module can trigger, and which were crashing
 	IPython.  Thanks to a report by Marco Lombardi
 	<mlombard-AT-ma010192.hq.eso.org>.
 
 2004-12-13  *** Released version 0.6.6
 
 2004-12-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellGTK.mainloop): catch RuntimeErrors
 	generated by pygtk upon initialization if it was built without
 	threads (for matplotlib users).  After a crash reported by
 	Leguijt, Jaap J SIEP-EPT-RES <Jaap.Leguijt-AT-shell.com>.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): fix small bug in the
 	import_some parameter for multiple imports.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (ipmagic): simplified the interface of
 	ipmagic() to take a single string argument, just as it would be
 	typed at the IPython cmd line.
 	(ipalias): Added new ipalias() with an interface identical to
 	ipmagic().  This completes exposing a pure python interface to the
 	alias and magic system, which can be used in loops or more complex
 	code where IPython's automatic line mangling is not active.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (timing): changed interface of timing to
 	simply run code once, which is the most common case.  timings()
 	remains unchanged, for the cases where you want multiple runs.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MatplotlibShellBase._matplotlib_config): Fix a
 	bug where Python2.2 crashes with exec'ing code which does not end
 	in a single newline.  Python 2.3 is OK, so I hadn't noticed this
 	before.
 
 2004-12-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_prun): changed name of option from
 	-t to -T, to accomodate the new -t flag in %run (the %run and
 	%prun options are kind of intermixed, and it's not easy to change
 	this with the limitations of python's getopt).
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_run): Added new -t option to time
 	the execution of scripts.  It's not as fine-tuned as timeit.py,
 	but it works from inside ipython (and under 2.2, which lacks
 	timeit.py).  Optionally a number of runs > 1 can be given for
 	timing very short-running code.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (uniq_stable): new routine which returns a
 	list of unique elements in any iterable, but in stable order of
 	appearance.  I needed this for the ultraTB fixes, and it's a handy
 	utility.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.text): Fix proper reporting of
 	dotted names in Verbose exceptions.  This had been broken since
 	the very start, now x.y will properly be printed in a Verbose
 	traceback, instead of x being shown and y appearing always as an
 	'undefined global'.  Getting this to work was a bit tricky,
 	because by default python tokenizers are stateless.  Saved by
 	python's ability to easily add a bit of state to an arbitrary
 	function (without needing to build a full-blown callable object).
 
 	Also big cleanup of this code, which had horrendous runtime
 	lookups of zillions of attributes for colorization.  Moved all
 	this code into a few templates, which make it cleaner and quicker.
 
 	Printout quality was also improved for Verbose exceptions: one
 	variable per line, and memory addresses are printed (this can be
 	quite handy in nasty debugging situations, which is what Verbose
 	is for).
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): Do NOT execute files named in
 	the command line as scripts to be loaded by embedded instances.
 	Doing so has the potential for an infinite recursion if there are
 	exceptions thrown in the process.  This fixes a strange crash
 	reported by Philippe MULLER <muller-AT-irit.fr>.
 
 2004-12-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MatplotlibShellBase.use): Change pylab support
 	to reflect new names in matplotlib, which now expose the
 	matlab-compatible interface via a pylab module instead of the
 	'matlab' name.  The new code is backwards compatible, so users of
 	all matplotlib versions are OK.  Patch by J. Hunter.
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (Inspector.pinfo): Add to object? printing
 	of __init__ docstrings for instances (class docstrings are already
 	automatically printed).  Instances with customized docstrings
 	(indep. of the class) are also recognized and all 3 separate
 	docstrings are printed (instance, class, constructor).  After some
 	comments/suggestions by J. Hunter.
 
 2004-12-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (MagicCompleter.complete): Remove annoying
 	warnings when tab-completion fails and triggers an exception.
 
 2004-12-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_prun): Fix bug where an exception would
 	be triggered when using 'run -p'.  An incorrect option flag was
 	being set ('d' instead of 'D').
 	(manpage): fix missing escaped \- sign.
 
 2004-11-30  *** Released version 0.6.5
 
 2004-11-30  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_run): Fix bug in breakpoint
 	setting with -d option.
 
 	* setup.py (docfiles): Fix problem where the doc glob I was using
 	was COMPLETELY BROKEN.  It was giving the right files by pure
 	accident, but failed once I tried to include ipython.el.  Note:
 	glob() does NOT allow you to do exclusion on multiple endings!
 
 2004-11-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/usage.py (__doc__): cleaned up usage docstring, by using
 	the manpage as the source.  Better formatting & consistency.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (magic_run): Added new -d option, to run
 	scripts under the control of the python pdb debugger.  Note that
 	this required changing the %prun option -d to -D, to avoid a clash
 	(since %run must pass options to %prun, and getopt is too dumb to
 	handle options with string values with embedded spaces).  Thanks
 	to a suggestion by Matthew Arnison <maffew-AT-cat.org.au>.
 	(magic_who_ls): added type matching to %who and %whos, so that one
 	can filter their output to only include variables of certain
 	types.  Another suggestion by Matthew.
 	(magic_whos): Added memory summaries in kb and Mb for arrays.
 	(magic_who): Improve formatting (break lines every 9 vars).
 
 2004-11-28  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.log): Fix bug in syncing the input
 	cache when empty lines were present.
 
 2004-11-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/usage.py (__doc__): document the re-activated threading
 	options for WX and GTK.
 
 2004-11-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (start): Added Prabhu's big patch to reactivate
 	the -wthread and -gthread options, along with a new -tk one to try
 	and coordinate Tk threading with wx/gtk.  The tk support is very
 	platform dependent, since it seems to require Tcl and Tk to be
 	built with threads (Fedora1/2 appears NOT to have it, but in
 	Prabhu's Debian boxes it works OK).  But even with some Tk
 	limitations, this is a great improvement.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (prompt_specials_color): Added \t for time
 	info in user prompts.  Patch by Prabhu.
 
 2004-11-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (ask_yes_no): Add check for a max of 20
 	EOFErrors and bail, to avoid infinite loops if a non-terminating
 	file is fed into ipython.  Patch submitted in issue 19 by user,
 	many thanks.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.handle_auto): do NOT trigger
 	autoquote/parens in continuation prompts, which can cause lots of
 	problems.  Closes roundup issue 20.
 
 2004-11-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* debian/control (Build-Depends-Indep): Fix dpatch dependency,
 	reported as debian bug #280505.  I'm not sure my local changelog
 	entry has the proper debian format (Jack?).
 
 2004-11-08  *** Released version 0.6.4
 
 2004-11-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (init_readline): Fix exit message for Windows
 	when readline is active.  Thanks to a report by Eric Jones
 	<eric-AT-enthought.com>.
 
 2004-11-07  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (page): Add a trap for OSError exceptions,
 	sometimes seen by win2k/cygwin users.
 
 2004-11-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (interact): Change the handling of %Exit from
 	trying to propagate a SystemExit to an internal ipython flag.
 	This is less elegant than using Python's exception mechanism, but
 	I can't get that to work reliably with threads, so under -pylab
 	%Exit was hanging IPython.  Cross-thread exception handling is
 	really a bitch.  Thaks to a bug report by Stephen Walton
 	<stephen.walton-AT-csun.edu>.
 
 2004-11-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (raw_input_original): store a pointer to the
 	true raw_input to harden against code which can modify it
 	(wx.py.PyShell does this and would otherwise crash ipython).
 	Thanks to a bug report by Jim Flowers <james.flowers-AT-lgx.com>.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MTInteractiveShell.runsource): Cleaner fix for
 	Ctrl-C problem, which does not mess up the input line.
 
 2004-11-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Release.py: Changed licensing to BSD, in all files.
 	(name): lowercase name for tarball/RPM release.
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (getdoc): wrap inspect.getdoc() safely for
 	use throughout ipython.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic._ofind): Switch to using the new
 	OInspect.getdoc() function.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (sigint_handler): Hack to ignore the execution
 	of the line currently being canceled via Ctrl-C.  It's extremely
 	ugly, but I don't know how to do it better (the problem is one of
 	handling cross-thread exceptions).
 
 2004-10-28  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (signal_handler): add signal handlers to trap
 	SIGINT and SIGSEGV in threaded code properly.  Thanks to a bug
 	report by Francesc Alted.
 
 2004-10-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/InterpreterExec.py (prefilter_shell): Fix @
 	to % for pysh syntax extensions.
 
 2004-10-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_whos): modify output of Numeric
 	arrays to print a more useful summary, without calling str(arr).
 	This avoids the problem of extremely lengthy computations which
 	occur if arr is large, and appear to the user as a system lockup
 	with 100% cpu activity.  After a suggestion by Kristian Sandberg
 	<[e-mail]>.
 	(Magic.__init__): fix bug in global magic escapes not being
 	correctly set.
 
 2004-10-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (__license__): change to absolute imports of
 	ipython's own internal packages, to start adapting to the absolute
 	import requirement of PEP-328.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (__author__): Fix coding to utf-8 on all
 	files, and standardize author/license marks through the Release
 	module instead of having per/file stuff (except for files with
 	particular licenses, like the MIT/PSF-licensed codes).
 
 	* IPython/Debugger.py: remove dead code for python 2.1
 
 2004-10-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (ipmagic): New function for accessing magics
 	via a normal python function call.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_magic): Change the magic escape
 	from '@' to '%', to accomodate the new @decorator syntax of python
 	2.4.
 
 2004-09-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MatplotlibShellBase.use): Added a wrapper to
 	matplotlib.use to prevent running scripts which try to switch
 	interactive backends from within ipython.  This will just crash
 	the python interpreter, so we can't allow it (but a detailed error
 	is given to the user).
 	
 2004-09-28  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MatplotlibShellBase.mplot_exec):
 	matplotlib-related fixes so that using @run with non-matplotlib
 	scripts doesn't pop up spurious plot windows.  This requires
 	matplotlib >= 0.63, where I had to make some changes as well.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): update version requirement to
 	python 2.2.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.mainloop): Add an optional
 	banner arg for embedded customization.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.__init__): big cleanup to remove all
 	explicit uses of __IP as the IPython's instance name.  Now things
 	are properly handled via the shell.name value.  The actual code
 	is a bit ugly b/c I'm doing it via a global in Magic.py, but this
 	is much better than before.  I'll clean things completely when the
 	magic stuff gets a real overhaul.
 
 	* ipython.1: small fixes, sent in by Jack Moffit.  He also sent in
 	minor changes to debian dir.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): Fix adding a
 	pointer to the shell itself in the interactive namespace even when
 	a user-supplied dict is provided.  This is needed for embedding
 	purposes (found by tests with Michel Sanner).
 
 2004-09-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc: remove []{} from
 	readline_remove_delims, so that things like [modname.<TAB> do
 	proper completion.  This disables [].TAB, but that's a less common
 	case than module names in list comprehensions, for example.
 	Thanks to a report by Andrea Riciputi.
 
 2004-09-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellGTK.mainloop): reorder to avoid
 	blocking problems in win32 and osx.  Fix by John.
 
 2004-09-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellWX.OnInit): Fix output redirection bug
 	for Win32 and OSX.  Fix by John Hunter.
 
 2004-08-30  *** Released version 0.6.3
 
 2004-08-30  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py (isfile): Add manpages to list of dependent files to be
 	updated.
 
 2004-08-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (start): I've disabled -wthread and -gthread
 	for now.  They don't really work with standalone WX/GTK code
 	(though matplotlib IS working fine with both of those backends).
 	This will neeed much more testing.  I disabled most things with
 	comments, so turning it back on later should be pretty easy.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): Fix accidental
 	autocalling of expressions like r'foo', by modifying the line
 	split regexp.  Closes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue18, reported by Nicholas
 	Riley <ipythonbugs-AT-sabi.net>.
 	(InteractiveShell.mainloop): honor --nobanner with banner
 	extensions.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py: Significant refactoring of all classes, so
 	that we can really support ALL matplotlib backends and threading
 	models (John spotted a bug with Tk which required this).  Now we
 	should support single-threaded, WX-threads and GTK-threads, both
 	for generic code and for matplotlib.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (__call__): Changed -mpthread option to
 	-pylab, to simplify things for users.  Will also remove the pylab
 	profile, since now all of matplotlib configuration is directly
 	handled here.  This also reduces startup time.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellGTK.run): Fixed bug where mainloop() of
 	shell wasn't being correctly called.  Also in IPShellWX.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): Added option to
 	fine-tune banner.
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py (spike): Deprecate these spike functions,
 	delete (long deprecated) gnuplot_exec handler.
 
 2004-08-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipython.1: Update for threading options, plus some others which
 	were missing.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (__call__): Added -wthread option for
 	wxpython thread handling.  Make sure threading options are only
 	valid at the command line.
 
 	* scripts/ipython: moved shell selection into a factory function
 	in Shell.py, to keep the starter script to a minimum.
 
 2004-08-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellWX.wxexit): fixes to WX threading, by
 	John.  Along with some recent changes he made to matplotlib, the
 	next versions of both systems should work very well together.
 
 2004-08-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_prun): cleanup some dead code.  I
 	tried to switch the profiling to using hotshot, but I'm getting
 	strange errors from prof.runctx() there.  I may be misreading the
 	docs, but it looks weird.  For now the profiling code will
 	continue to use the standard profiler.
 
 2004-08-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellWX.__init__): Improvements to the WX
 	threaded shell, by John Hunter.  It's not quite ready yet, but
 	close.
 
 2004-08-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.interact): tab cleanups, also
 	in Magic and ultraTB.
 
 	* ipython.1: document threading options in manpage.
 
 	* scripts/ipython: Changed name of -thread option to -gthread,
 	since this is GTK specific.  I want to leave the door open for a
 	-wthread option for WX, which will most likely be necessary.  This
 	change affects usage and ipmaker as well.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (matplotlib_shell): Add a factory function to
 	handle the matplotlib shell issues.  Code by John Hunter
 	<jdhunter-AT-nitace.bsd.uchicago.edu>.
 	(IPShellMatplotlibWX.__init__): Rudimentary WX support.  It's
 	broken (and disabled for end users) for now, but it puts the
 	infrastructure in place.
 
 2004-08-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipythonrc-pylab: Add matplotlib support.
 
 	* matplotlib_config.py: new files for matplotlib support, part of
 	the pylab profile.
 
 	* IPython/usage.py (__doc__): documented the threading options.
 
 2004-08-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipython: Modified the main calling routine to handle the -thread
 	and -mpthread options.  This needs to be done as a top-level hack,
 	because it determines which class to instantiate for IPython
 	itself.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (MTInteractiveShell.__init__): New set of
 	classes to support multithreaded GTK operation without blocking,
 	and matplotlib with all backends.  This is a lot of still very
 	experimental code, and threads are tricky.  So it may still have a
 	few rough edges...  This code owes a lot to
 	http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/65109, by
 	Brian # McErlean and John Finlay, to Antoon Pardon for fixes, and
 	to John Hunter for all the matplotlib work.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (__call__): Added -thread and -mpthread
 	options for gtk thread and matplotlib support.
 
 2004-08-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): don't trigger
 	autocall for things like p*q,p/q,p+q,p-q, when p is callable.  Bug
 	reported by Stephen Walton <stephen.walton-AT-csun.edu>.
 
 2004-08-11  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py (isfile): Fix build so documentation gets updated for
 	rpms (it was only done for .tgz builds).
 
 2004-08-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* genutils.py (Term): Fix misspell of stdin stream (sin->cin).
 
 	* iplib.py : Silence syntax error exceptions in tab-completion.
 	
 2004-08-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (Prompt2.set_colors): Fix incorrectly set
 	'color off' mark for continuation prompts.  This was causing long
 	continuation lines to mis-wrap.
 
 2004-08-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): Allow the shell class used
 	for building ipython to be a parameter.  All this is necessary
 	right now to have a multithreaded version, but this insane
 	non-design will be cleaned up soon.  For now, it's a hack that
 	works.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShell.__init__): Stop using mutable default
 	args in various places.  No bugs so far, but it's a dangerous
 	practice.
 
 2004-07-31  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (complete): ignore SyntaxError exceptions to
 	fix completion of files with dots in their names under most
 	profiles (pysh was OK because the completion order is different).
 
 2004-07-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): build dict of
 	keywords manually, b/c the one in keyword.py was removed in python
 	2.4.  Patch by Anakim Border <aborder-AT-users.sourceforge.net>.
 	This is NOT a bug under python 2.3 and earlier.
 
 2004-07-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.text): Add another
 	linecache.checkcache() call to try to prevent inspect.py from
 	crashing under python 2.3.  I think this fixes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue17.
 
 2004-07-26  *** Released version 0.6.2
 
 2004-07-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_cd): Fix bug where 'cd -N' would
 	fail for any number.
 	(Magic.magic_bookmark): Fix bug where 'bookmark -l' would fail for
 	empty bookmarks.
 
 2004-07-26  *** Released version 0.6.1
 
 2004-07-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* ipython_win_post_install.py (run): Added pysh shortcut for Windows.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (protect_filename): Applied Ville's patch for
 	escaping '()[]{}' in filenames.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (shlex_split): Fix handling of '*' and '?' for
 	Python 2.2 users who lack a proper shlex.split.
 
 2004-07-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.init_readline): Add support
 	for reading readline's init file.  I follow the normal chain:
 	$INPUTRC is honored, otherwise ~/.inputrc is used.  Thanks to a
 	report by Mike Heeter.  This closes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue16.
 
 2004-07-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (__init__): Add better handling of '\' under
 	Win32 for filenames.  After a patch by Ville.
 
 2004-07-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell._prefilter): fix bug where
 	autocalling would be triggered for 'foo is bar' if foo is
 	callable.  I also cleaned up the autocall detection code to use a
 	regexp, which is faster.  Bug reported by Alexander Schmolck.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_pinfo): Fix bug where strings with
 	'?' in them would confuse the help system.  Reported by Alex
 	Schmolck.
 
 2004-07-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/GnuplotInteractive.py (__all__): added plot2.
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (Gnuplot.plot2): added new function for
 	plotting dictionaries, lists or tuples of 1d arrays.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_hist): small clenaups and
 	optimizations.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py:Remove old Changelog info for cleanup.  This is
 	the information which was there from Janko's original IPP code:
 
 	03.05.99 20:53 porto.ifm.uni-kiel.de
 	--Started changelog.
 	--make clear do what it say it does
 	--added pretty output of lines from inputcache
 	--Made Logger a mixin class, simplifies handling of switches
 	--Added own completer class. .string<TAB> expands to last history
 	line which starts with string.  The new expansion is also present
 	with Ctrl-r from the readline library.  But this shows, who this
 	can be done for other cases.
 	--Added convention that all shell functions should accept a
 	parameter_string This opens the door for different behaviour for
 	each function. @cd is a good example of this.
 
 	04.05.99 12:12 porto.ifm.uni-kiel.de
 	--added logfile rotation
 	--added new mainloop method which freezes first the namespace
 
 	07.05.99 21:24 porto.ifm.uni-kiel.de
 	--added the docreader classes. Now there is a help system.
 	-This is only a first try. Currently it's not easy to put new
 	stuff in the indices. But this is the way to go. Info would be
 	better, but HTML is every where and not everybody has an info
 	system installed and it's not so easy to change html-docs to info.
 	--added global logfile option
 	--there is now a hook for object inspection method pinfo needs to
 	be provided for this. Can be reached by two '??'.
 
 	08.05.99 20:51 porto.ifm.uni-kiel.de
 	--added a README
 	--bug in rc file. Something has changed so functions in the rc
 	file need to reference the shell and not self. Not clear if it's a
 	bug or feature.
 	--changed rc file for new behavior
 
 2004-07-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.log): fixed recent bug where the input
 	cache was falling out of sync in bizarre manners when multi-line
 	input was present.  Minor optimizations and cleanup.
 
 	(Logger): Remove old Changelog info for cleanup.  This is the
 	information which was there from Janko's original code:
 
 	Changes to Logger: - made the default log filename a parameter
 
 	- put a check for lines beginning with !@? in log(). Needed
 	(even if the handlers properly log their lines) for mid-session
 	logging activation to work properly. Without this, lines logged
 	in mid session, which get read from the cache, would end up
 	'bare' (with !@? in the open) in the log. Now they are caught
 	and prepended with a #.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.init_readline): added check
 	in case MagicCompleter fails to be defined, so we don't crash.
 
 2004-07-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (Gnuplot.hardcopy): add automatic generation
 	of EPS if the requested filename ends in '.eps'.
 
 2004-07-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.handle_shell_escape): Fix
 	escaping of quotes when calling the shell.
 
 2004-07-02  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (CachedOutput.update): Fix problem with
 	gettext not working because we were clobbering '_'.  Fixes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue6.
 
 2004-07-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_cd): integrated bookmark handling
 	into @cd.  Patch by Ville.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.post_config_initialization):
 	new function to store things after ipmaker runs.  Patch by Ville.
 	Eventually this will go away once ipmaker is removed and the class
 	gets cleaned up, but for now it's ok.  Key functionality here is
 	the addition of the persistent storage mechanism, a dict for
 	keeping data across sessions (for now just bookmarks, but more can
 	be implemented later).
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_bookmark): New bookmark system,
 	persistent across sections.  Patch by Ville, I modified it
 	soemwhat to allow bookmarking arbitrary dirs other than CWD.  Also
 	added a '-l' option to list all bookmarks.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.atexit_operations): new
 	center for cleanup.  Registered with atexit.register().  I moved
 	here the old exit_cleanup().  After a patch by Ville.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (get_py_filename): added '~' to the accepted
 	characters in the hacked shlex_split for python 2.2.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (file_matches): more fixes to filenames with
 	whitespace in them.  It's not perfect, but limitations in python's
 	readline make it impossible to go further.
 
 2004-06-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (file_matches): escape whitespace correctly in
 	filename completions.  Bug reported by Ville.
 
 2004-06-28  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (__call__): Added per-profile histories.  Now
 	the history file will be called 'history-PROFNAME' (or just
 	'history' if no profile is loaded).  I was getting annoyed at
 	getting my Numerical work history clobbered by pysh sessions.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): Internal
 	getoutputerror() function so that we can honor the system_verbose
 	flag for _all_ system calls.  I also added escaping of #
 	characters here to avoid confusing Itpl.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (shlex_split): removed call to shell in
 	parse_options and replaced it with shlex.split().  The annoying
 	part was that in Python 2.2, shlex.split() doesn't exist, so I had
 	to backport it from 2.3, with several frail hacks (the shlex
 	module is rather limited in 2.2).  Thanks to a suggestion by Ville
 	Vainio <[e-mail]>.  For Python 2.3 there should be no
 	problem.
 	
 	(Magic.magic_system_verbose): new toggle to print the actual
 	system calls made by ipython.  Mainly for debugging purposes.
 
 	* IPython/GnuplotRuntime.py (gnu_out): fix bug for cygwin, which
 	doesn't support persistence.  Reported (and fix suggested) by
 	Travis Caldwell <[e-mail]>.
 
 2004-06-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.log): fix to handle correctly empty
 	continue prompts.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/InterpreterExec.py (pysh): moved the pysh()
 	function (basically a big docstring) and a few more things here to
 	speedup startup. pysh.py is now very lightweight.  We want because
 	it gets execfile'd, while InterpreterExec gets imported, so
 	byte-compilation saves time.
 
 2004-06-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_cd): Fixed to restore usage of 'cd
 	-NUM', which was recently broken.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.handle_shell_escape): allow !
 	in multi-line input (but not !!, which doesn't make sense there).
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc: made autoindent on by default.
 	It's just too useful, and people can turn it off in the less
 	common cases where it's a problem.
 
 2004-06-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell._prefilter): big change -
 	special syntaxes (like alias calling) is now allied in multi-line
 	input.  This is still _very_ experimental, but it's necessary for
 	efficient shell usage combining python looping syntax with system
 	calls.  For now it's restricted to aliases, I don't think it
 	really even makes sense to have this for magics.
 
 2004-06-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/InterpreterExec.py (prefilter_shell): Added
 	$var=cmd <=> @sc var=cmd and  $$var=cmd <=> @sc -l var=cmd.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_rehashx): modified to handle
 	extensions under Windows (after code sent by Gary Bishop).  The
 	extensions considered 'executable' are stored in IPython's rc
 	structure as win_exec_ext.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (shell): new function, like system() but
 	without return value.  Very useful for interactive shell work.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_unalias): New @unalias function to
 	delete aliases.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.alias_table_update): make
 	sure that the alias table doesn't contain python keywords.
 
 2004-06-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_rehash): Fix crash when
 	non-existent items are found in $PATH.  Reported by Thorsten.
 
 2004-06-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (complete): modified the completer so that the
 	order of priorities can be easily changed at runtime.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/InterpreterExec.py (prefilter_shell):
 	Modified to auto-execute all lines beginning with '~', '/' or '.'.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_sx): modified @sc and @sx to
 	expand Python variables prepended with $ in all system calls.  The
 	same was done to InteractiveShell.handle_shell_escape.  Now all
 	system access mechanisms (!, !!, @sc, @sx and aliases) allow the
 	expansion of python variables and expressions according to the
 	syntax of PEP-215 - http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0215.html.
 
 	Though PEP-215 has been rejected, a similar (but simpler) one
 	seems like it will go into Python 2.4, PEP-292 -
 	http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0292.html.
 
 	I'll keep the full syntax of PEP-215, since IPython has since the
 	start used Ka-Ping Yee's reference implementation discussed there
 	(Itpl), and I actually like the powerful semantics it offers.
 
 	In order to access normal shell variables, the $ has to be escaped
 	via an extra $.  For example:
 
 	In [7]: PATH='a python variable'
 
 	In [8]: !echo $PATH
 	a python variable
 
 	In [9]: !echo $$PATH
 	/usr/local/lf9560/bin:/usr/local/intel/compiler70/ia32/bin:...
 
 	(Magic.parse_options): escape $ so the shell doesn't evaluate
 	things prematurely.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.call_alias): added the
 	ability for aliases to expand python variables via $.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_rehash): based on the new alias
 	system, now there's a @rehash/@rehashx pair of magics.  These work
 	like the csh rehash command, and can be invoked at any time.  They
 	build a table of aliases to everything in the user's $PATH
 	(@rehash uses everything, @rehashx is slower but only adds
 	executable files).  With this, the pysh.py-based shell profile can
 	now simply call rehash upon startup, and full access to all
 	programs in the user's path is obtained.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.call_alias): The new alias
 	functionality is now fully in place.  I removed the old dynamic
 	code generation based approach, in favor of a much lighter one
 	based on a simple dict.  The advantage is that this allows me to
 	now have thousands of aliases with negligible cost (unthinkable
 	with the old system).
 
 2004-06-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (__init__): extended MagicCompleter class to
 	also complete (last in priority) on user aliases.
 
 	* IPython/Itpl.py (Itpl.__str__): fixed order of globals/locals in
 	call to eval.
 	(ItplNS.__init__): Added a new class which functions like Itpl,
 	but allows configuring the namespace for the evaluation to occur
 	in.
 
 2004-06-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.runcode): modify to print a
 	better message when 'exit' or 'quit' are typed (a common newbie
 	confusion).
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_colors): Added the runtime color
 	check for Windows users.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.user_setup): removed
 	disabling of colors for Windows.  I'll test at runtime and issue a
 	warning if Gary's readline isn't found, as to nudge users to
 	download it.
 
 2004-06-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (Stream.__init__): changed to print errors
 	to sys.stderr.  I had a circular dependency here.  Now it's
 	possible to run ipython as IDLE's shell (consider this pre-alpha,
 	since true stdout things end up in the starting terminal instead
 	of IDLE's out).
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (Prompt2.set_colors): prevent crashes for
 	users who haven't # updated their prompt_in2 definitions.  Remove
 	eventually.
 	(multiple_replace): added credit to original ASPN recipe.
 
 2004-06-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): add 'cp' to the
 	list of auto-defined aliases.
 
 2004-06-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py (scriptfiles): Don't trigger win_post_install unless an
 	install was really requested (so setup.py can be used for other
 	things under Windows).
 
 2004-06-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.create_log): Manually remove any old
 	backup, since os.remove may fail under Windows.  Fixes bug
 	reported by Thorsten.
 
 2004-06-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* examples/example-embed.py: fixed all references to %n (replaced
 	with \\# for ps1/out prompts and with \\D for ps2 prompts).  Done
 	for all examples and the manual as well.
 
 2004-06-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (Prompt2.set_p_str): fixed all prompt
 	alignment and color management.  All 3 prompt subsystems now
 	inherit from BasePrompt.
 
 	* tools/release: updates for windows installer build and tag rpms
 	with python version (since paths are fixed).
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc: modified to use \# instead of %n,
 	which will become eventually obsolete.  Also fixed the default
 	prompt_in2 to use \D, so at least new users start with the correct
 	defaults.
 	WARNING: Users with existing ipythonrc files will need to apply
 	this fix manually!
 
 	* setup.py: make windows installer (.exe).  This is finally the
 	integration of an old patch by Cory Dodt <dodt-AT-fcoe.k12.ca.us>,
 	which I hadn't included because it required Python 2.3 (or recent
 	distutils).
 
 	* IPython/usage.py (__doc__): update docs (and manpage) to reflect
 	usage of new '\D' escape.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (ROOT_SYMBOL): Small fix for Windows (which
 	lacks os.getuid())
 	(CachedOutput.set_colors): Added the ability to turn coloring
 	on/off with @colors even for manually defined prompt colors.  It
 	uses a nasty global, but it works safely and via the generic color
 	handling mechanism.
 	(Prompt2.__init__): Introduced new escape '\D' for continuation
 	prompts. It represents the counter ('\#') as dots.
 	*** NOTE *** THIS IS A BACKWARDS-INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE.  Users will
 	need to update their ipythonrc files and replace '%n' with '\D' in
 	their prompt_in2 settings everywhere.  Sorry, but there's
 	otherwise no clean way to get all prompts to properly align.  The
 	ipythonrc shipped with IPython has been updated.
 
 2004-06-07  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py (isfile): Pass local_icons option to latex2html, so the
 	resulting HTML file is self-contained.  Thanks to
 	dryice-AT-liu.com.cn for the tip.
 
 	* pysh.py: I created a new profile 'shell', which implements a
 	_rudimentary_ IPython-based shell.  This is in NO WAY a realy
 	system shell, nor will it become one anytime soon.  It's mainly
 	meant to illustrate the use of the new flexible bash-like prompts.
 	I guess it could be used by hardy souls for true shell management,
 	but it's no tcsh/bash...  pysh.py is loaded by the 'shell'
 	profile.  This uses the InterpreterExec extension provided by
 	W.J. van der Laan <gnufnork-AT-hetdigitalegat.nl>
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (PromptOut.__str__): now it will correctly
 	auto-align itself with the length of the previous input prompt
 	(taking into account the invisible color escapes).
 	(CachedOutput.__init__): Large restructuring of this class.  Now
 	all three prompts (primary1, primary2, output) are proper objects,
 	managed by the 'parent' CachedOutput class.  The code is still a
 	bit hackish (all prompts share state via a pointer to the cache),
 	but it's overall far cleaner than before.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (getoutputerror): modified to add verbose,
 	debug and header options.  This makes the interface of all getout*
 	functions uniform.
 	(SystemExec.getoutputerror): added getoutputerror to SystemExec.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.default_option): added a function to
 	allow registering default options for any magic command.  This
 	makes it easy to have profiles which customize the magics globally
 	for a certain use.  The values set through this function are
 	picked up by the parse_options() method, which all magics should
 	use to parse their options.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (warn): modified the warnings framework to
 	use the Term I/O class.  I'm trying to slowly unify all of
 	IPython's I/O operations to pass through Term.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (Prompt2._str_other): Added functionality in
 	the secondary prompt to correctly match the length of the primary
 	one for any prompt.  Now multi-line code will properly line up
 	even for path dependent prompts, such as the new ones available
 	via the prompt_specials.
 
 2004-06-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (prompt_specials): Added the ability to have
 	bash-like special sequences in the prompts, which get
 	automatically expanded.  Things like hostname, current working
 	directory and username are implemented already, but it's easy to
 	add more in the future.  Thanks to a patch by W.J. van der Laan
 	<gnufnork-AT-hetdigitalegat.nl>
 	(prompt_specials): Added color support for prompt strings, so
 	users can define arbitrary color setups for their prompts.
 
 2004-06-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (Term.reopen_all): Added Windows-specific
 	code to load Gary Bishop's readline and configure it
 	automatically.  Thanks to Gary for help on this.
 
 2004-06-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.create_log): fix bug for logging
 	with no filename (previous fix was incomplete).
 
 2004-05-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.parse_options): fix bug where naked
 	parens would get passed to the shell.
 
 2004-05-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_prun): changed default profile
 	sort order to 'time' (the more common profiling need).
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (Inspector.pinfo): flush the inspect cache
 	so that source code shown is guaranteed in sync with the file on
 	disk (also changed in psource).  Similar fix to the one for
 	ultraTB on 2004-05-06.  Thanks to a bug report by Yann Le Du
 	<yann.ledu-AT-noos.fr>.
 	
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.parse_options): Fixed bug where commands
 	with a single option would not be correctly parsed. Closes
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue14.  This bug had been
 	introduced in 0.6.0 (on 2004-05-06).
 
 2004-05-13  *** Released version 0.6.0
 
 2004-05-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* debian/: Added debian/ directory to CVS, so that debian support
 	is publicly accessible.  The debian package is maintained by Jack
 	Moffit <jack-AT-xiph.org>.
 
 	* Documentation: included the notes about an ipython-based system
 	shell (the hypothetical 'pysh') into the new_design.pdf document,
 	so that these ideas get distributed to users along with the
 	official documentation.
 
 2004-05-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.create_log): fix recently introduced
 	bug (misindented line) where logstart would fail when not given an
 	explicit filename.
 
 2004-05-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.parse_options): skip system call when
 	there are no options to look for.  Faster, cleaner for the common
 	case.
 
 	* Documentation: many updates to the manual: describing Windows
 	support better, Gnuplot updates, credits, misc small stuff.  Also
 	updated the new_design doc a bit.
 
 2004-05-06  *** Released version 0.6.0.rc1
 
 2004-05-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (ListTB.text): modified a ton of string +=
 	operations to use the vastly more efficient list/''.join() method.
 	(FormattedTB.text): Fix
 	http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue12 - exception source
 	extract not updated after reload.  Thanks to Mike Salib
 	<msalib-AT-mit.edu> for pinning the source of the problem.
 	Fortunately, the solution works inside ipython and doesn't require
 	any changes to python proper.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.parse_options): Improved to process the
 	argument list as a true shell would (by actually using the
 	underlying system shell).  This way, all @magics automatically get
 	shell expansion for variables.  Thanks to a comment by Alex
 	Schmolck.
 
 2004-04-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.interact): Added a special
 	trap for a debugger quit exception, which is basically impossible
 	to handle by normal mechanisms, given what pdb does to the stack.
 	This fixes a crash reported by <fgibbons-AT-llama.med.harvard.edu>.
 
 2004-04-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (Term): Standardized the names of the Term
 	class streams to cin/cout/cerr, following C++ naming conventions
 	(I can't use in/out/err because 'in' is not a valid attribute
 	name).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.interact): don't increment
 	the prompt if there's no user input.  By Daniel 'Dang' Griffith
 	<pythondev-dang-AT-lazytwinacres.net>, after a suggestion from
 	Francois Pinard.
 
 2004-04-02  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (Stream.__init__): Modified to survive at
 	least importing in contexts where stdin/out/err aren't true file
 	objects, such as PyCrust (they lack fileno() and mode).  However,
 	the recovery facilities which rely on these things existing will
 	not work.
 
 2004-04-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_sx): modified (as well as @sc) to
 	use the new getoutputerror() function, so it properly
 	distinguishes stdout/err.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (getoutputerror): added a function to
 	capture separately the standard output and error of a command.
 	After a comment from dang on the mailing lists.  This code is
 	basically a modified version of commands.getstatusoutput(), from
 	the standard library.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.handle_shell_escape): added
 	'!!' as a special syntax (shorthand) to access @sx.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_sx): new magic, to execute a shell
 	command and return its output as a list split on '\n'.
 
 2004-03-31  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/FakeModule.py (FakeModule.__init__): added __nonzero__
 	method to dictionaries used as FakeModule instances if they lack
 	it.  At least pydoc in python2.3 breaks for runtime-defined
 	functions without this hack.  At some point I need to _really_
 	understand what FakeModule is doing, because it's a gross hack.
 	But it solves Arnd's problem for now...
 
 2004-02-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.create_log): Fix bug where 'rotate'
 	mode would behave erratically.  Also increased the number of
 	possible logs in rotate mod to 999.  Thanks to Rod Holland
 	<[e-mail]> for the report and fixes.
 	
 2004-02-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (page): Check that the curses module really
 	has the initscr attribute before trying to use it.  For some
 	reason, the Solaris curses module is missing this.  I think this
 	should be considered a Solaris python bug, but I'm not sure.
 
 2004-01-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (Stream.__init__): Changes to try to make
 	ipython robust against stdin/out/err being closed by the user.
 	This is 'user error' (and blocks a normal python session, at least
 	the stdout case).  However, Ipython should be able to survive such
 	instances of abuse as gracefully as possible.  To simplify the
 	coding and maintain compatibility with Gary Bishop's Term
 	contributions, I've made use of classmethods for this.  I think
 	this introduces a dependency on python 2.2.
 
 2004-01-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py (exp_safe): simplified the code a bit and
 	removed the need for importing the kinds module altogether.
 
 2004-01-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_sc): Made the shell capture system
 	a magic function instead, after some community feedback.  No
 	special syntax will exist for it, but its name is deliberately
 	very short.
 
 2003-12-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.handle_shell_assign): Added
 	new functionality, to automagically assign the result of a shell
 	command to a variable.  I'll solicit some community feedback on
 	this before making it permanent.
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (Inspector.pinfo): Fix crash when info was
 	requested about callables for which inspect couldn't obtain a
 	proper argspec.  Thanks to a crash report sent by Etienne
 	Posthumus <etienne-AT-apple01.cs.vu.nl>.
 
 2003-12-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (page): patch for the pager to work across
 	various versions of Windows.  By Gary Bishop.
 
 2003-12-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (PlotItems): Fixes for working with
 	Gnuplot.py version 1.7, whose internal names changed quite a bit.
 	While I tested this and it looks ok, there may still be corner
 	cases I've missed.
 
 2003-12-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell._prefilter): Fixed a bug
 	where a line like 'p,q=1,2' would fail because the automagic
 	system would be triggered for @p.
 
 	* IPython/DPyGetOpt.py (DPyGetOpt.processArguments): Tab-related
 	cleanups, code unmodified.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (Term): added a class for IPython to handle
 	output.  In most cases it will just be a proxy for stdout/err, but
 	having this allows modifications to be made for some platforms,
 	such as handling color escapes under Windows.  All of this code
 	was contributed by Gary Bishop, with minor modifications by me.
 	The actual changes affect many files.
 
 2003-11-30  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (file_matches): new completion code, courtesy
 	of Jeff Collins.  This enables filename completion again under
 	python 2.3, which disabled it at the C level.
 
 2003-11-11  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py (amap): Added amap() fn.  Simple shorthand
 	for Numeric.array(map(...)), but often convenient.
 
 2003-11-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py (frange): Changed a call from int() to
 	int(round()) to prevent a problem reported with arange() in the
 	numpy list.
 
 2003-10-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/DPyGetOpt.py (DPyGetOpt.processArguments): changed to
 	prevent crashes if sys lacks an argv attribute (it happens with
 	embedded interpreters which build a bare-bones sys module).
 	Thanks to a report/bugfix by Adam Hupp <hupp-AT-cs.wisc.edu>.
 
 2003-09-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic._ofind): blanket except around getattr()
 	to protect against poorly written user objects where __getattr__
 	raises exceptions other than AttributeError.  Thanks to a bug
 	report by Oliver Sander <osander-AT-gmx.de>.
 
 	* IPython/FakeModule.py (FakeModule.__repr__): this method was
 	missing.  Thanks to bug report by Ralf Schmitt <ralf-AT-brainbot.com>.
 
 2003-09-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell._prefilter): fix bug where
 	unpacking a list whith a callable as first element would
 	mistakenly trigger autocalling.  Thanks to a bug report by Jeffery
 	Collins.
 
 2003-08-25  *** Released version 0.5.0
 
 2003-08-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.linereader): Improved handling of
 	improperly defined user exceptions.  Thanks to feedback from Mark
 	Russell <mrussell-AT-verio.net>.
 	
 2003-08-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (Inspector.pinfo): changed String Form
 	printing so that it would print multi-line string forms starting
 	with a new line.  This way the formatting is better respected for
 	objects which work hard to make nice string forms.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.handle_auto): Fix bug where
 	autocall would overtake data access for objects with both
 	__getitem__ and __call__.
 
 2003-08-19  *** Released version 0.5.0-rc1
 
 2003-08-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/deep_reload.py (load_tail): single tiny change here
 	seems to fix the long-standing bug of dreload() failing to work
 	for dotted names.  But this module is pretty tricky, so I may have
 	missed some subtlety.  Needs more testing!.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.linereader): harden against user
 	exceptions which have badly implemented __str__ methods.
 	(VerboseTB.text): harden against inspect.getinnerframes crashing,
 	which I've been getting reports about from Python 2.3 users.  I
 	wish I had a simple test case to reproduce the problem, so I could
 	either write a cleaner workaround or file a bug report if
 	necessary.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_edit): fixed bug where after
 	making a class 'foo', file 'foo.py' couldn't be edited.  Thanks to
 	a bug report by Tjabo Kloppenburg.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.debugger): hardened against pdb
 	crashes.  Wrapped the pdb call in a blanket try/except, since pdb
 	seems rather unstable.  Thanks to a bug report by Tjabo
 	Kloppenburg <tjabo.kloppenburg-AT-unix-ag.uni-siegen.de>.
 
 	* IPython/Release.py (version): release 0.5.0-rc1.  I want to put
 	this out soon because of the critical fixes in the inner loop for
 	generators.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.getargspec): removed.  This (and
 	_get_def) have been obsoleted by OInspect for a long time, I
 	hadn't noticed that they were dead code.
 	(Magic._ofind): restored _ofind functionality for a few literals
 	(those in ["''",'""','[]','{}','()']).  But it won't work anymore
 	for things like "hello".capitalize?, since that would require a
 	potentially dangerous eval() again.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell._prefilter): reorganized the
 	logic a bit more to clean up the escapes handling and minimize the
 	use of _ofind to only necessary cases.  The interactive 'feel' of
 	IPython should have improved quite a bit with the changes in
 	_prefilter and _ofind (besides being far safer than before).
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_edit): Fixed old bug (but rather
 	obscure, never reported).  Edit would fail to find the object to
 	edit under some circumstances.
 	(Magic._ofind): CRITICAL FIX.  Finally removed the eval() calls
 	which were causing double-calling of generators.  Those eval calls
 	were _very_ dangerous, since code with side effects could be
 	triggered.  As they say, 'eval is evil'...  These were the
 	nastiest evals in IPython.  Besides, _ofind is now far simpler,
 	and it should also be quite a bit faster.  Its use of inspect is
 	also safer, so perhaps some of the inspect-related crashes I've
 	seen lately with Python 2.3 might be taken care of.  That will
 	need more testing.
 
 2003-08-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell._prefilter): significant
 	simplifications to the logic for handling user escapes.  Faster
 	and simpler code.
 
 2003-08-14  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
         * IPython/numutils.py (sum_flat): rewrote to be non-recursive.
         Now it requires O(N) storage (N=size(a)) for non-contiguous input,
         but it should be quite a bit faster.  And the recursive version
         generated O(log N) intermediate storage for all rank>1 arrays,
         even if they were contiguous.
         (l1norm): Added this function.
         (norm):  Added this function for arbitrary norms (including
         l-infinity).  l1 and l2 are still special cases for convenience
         and speed.
 	
 2003-08-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_edit): Removed all remaining string
 	exceptions, which now raise PendingDeprecationWarnings in Python
 	2.3.  There were some in Magic and some in Gnuplot2.
 
 2003-06-30  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (page): modified to call curses only for
 	terminals where TERM=='xterm'.  After problems under many other
 	terminals were reported by Keith Beattie <KSBeattie-AT-lbl.gov>.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (complete): removed spurious 'print "IE"' which
 	would be triggered when readline was absent.  This was just an old
 	debugging statement I'd forgotten to take out.
 
 2003-06-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (clock): modified to return only user time
 	(not counting system time), after a discussion on scipy.  While
 	system time may be a useful quantity occasionally, it may much
 	more easily be skewed by occasional swapping or other similar
 	activity.
 
 2003-06-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py (identity): new function, for building
 	arbitrary rank Kronecker deltas (mostly backwards compatible with
 	Numeric.identity)
 
 2003-06-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.handle_magic): protect
 	arguments passed to magics with spaces, to allow trailing '\' to
 	work normally (mainly for Windows users).
 
 2003-05-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): Load site._Helper() as help
 	instead of pydoc.help.  This fixes a bizarre behavior where
 	printing '%s' % locals() would trigger the help system.  Now
 	ipython behaves like normal python does.  
 
 	Note that if one does 'from pydoc import help', the bizarre
 	behavior returns, but this will also happen in normal python, so
 	it's not an ipython bug anymore (it has to do with how pydoc.help
 	is implemented).
 
 2003-05-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/FlexCompleter.py (Completer.attr_matches): fixed to
 	return [] instead of None when nothing matches, also match to end
 	of line.  Patch by Gary Bishop.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): Added same sys.excepthook
 	protection as before, for files passed on the command line.  This
 	prevents the CrashHandler from kicking in if user files call into
 	sys.excepthook (such as PyQt and WxWindows have a nasty habit of
 	doing).  After a report by Kasper Souren <Kasper.Souren-AT-ircam.fr>
 
 2003-05-20  *** Released version 0.4.0
 
 2003-05-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py: added support for manpages.  It's a bit hackish b/c of
 	a bug in the way the bdist_rpm distutils target handles gzipped
 	manpages, but it works.  After a patch by Jack.
 
 2003-05-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py: added a mockup of the kinds module, since
 	it was recently removed from Numeric.  This way, numutils will
 	work for all users even if they are missing kinds.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic._ofind): Harden against an inspect
 	failure, which can occur with SWIG-wrapped extensions.  After a
 	crash report from Prabhu.
 
 2003-05-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.excepthook): New method to
 	protect ipython from user code which may call directly
 	sys.excepthook (this looks like an ipython crash to the user, even
 	when it isn't).  After a patch by Gary Bishop <gb-AT-cs.unc.edu>.
 	This is especially important to help users of WxWindows, but may
 	also be useful in other cases.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (AutoFormattedTB.__call__): Changed to allow
 	an optional tb_offset to be specified, and to preserve exception
 	info if given.  After a patch by Gary Bishop <gb-AT-cs.unc.edu>.
 
 	* ipython.1 (Default): Thanks to Jack's work, we now have manpages!
 
 2003-05-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.user_setup): Fix crash when
 	installing for a new user under Windows.
 
 2003-05-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.handle_emacs): New line
 	handler for Emacs comint-based lines.  Currently it doesn't do
 	much (but importantly, it doesn't update the history cache).  In
 	the future it may be expanded if Alex needs more functionality
 	there.
 
 	* IPython/CrashHandler.py (CrashHandler.__call__): Added platform
 	info to crash reports.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.mainloop): Added -c option,
 	just like Python's -c.  Also fixed crash with invalid -color
 	option value at startup. Thanks to Will French
 	<wfrench-AT-bestweb.net> for the bug report.
 
 2003-05-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (EvalDict.__getitem__): Renamed EvalString
 	to EvalDict (it's a mapping, after all) and simplified its code
 	quite a bit, after a nice discussion on c.l.py where Gustavo
 	Córdova <gcordova-AT-sismex.com> suggested the new version.
 
 2003-04-30  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (timings_out): modified it to reduce its
 	overhead in the common reps==1 case.
 
 2003-04-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (timings_out): Modified to use the resource
 	module, which avoids the wraparound problems of time.clock().
 
 2003-04-17  *** Released version 0.2.15pre4
 
 2003-04-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py (scriptfiles): Split windows-specific stuff over to a
 	separate file, in an attempt to have a Windows GUI installer.
 	That didn't work, but part of the groundwork is done.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc: Added M-i, M-o and M-I for
 	indent/unindent with 4 spaces.  Particularly useful in combination
 	with the new auto-indent option.
 
 2003-04-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py: various replacements of self.rc for
 	self.shell.rc.  A lot more remains to be done to fully disentangle
 	this class from the main Shell class.
 
 	* IPython/GnuplotRuntime.py: added checks for mouse support so
 	that we don't try to enable it if the current gnuplot doesn't
 	really support it.  Also added checks so that we don't try to
 	enable persist under Windows (where Gnuplot doesn't recognize the
 	option).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.interact): Added optional
 	auto-indenting code, after a patch by King C. Shu
 	<kingshu-AT-myrealbox.com>. It's off by default because it doesn't
 	get along well with pasting indented code.  If I ever figure out
 	how to make that part go well, it will become on by default.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (Prompt1.auto_rewrite): Fixed bug which would
 	crash ipython if there was an unmatched '%' in the user's prompt
 	string.  Reported by Thorsten Kampe <thorsten-AT-thorstenkampe.de>.
 	
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.interact): removed the
 	ability to ask the user whether he wants to crash or not at the
 	'last line' exception handler.  Calling functions at that point
 	changes the stack, and the error reports would have incorrect
 	tracebacks.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_page): Added new @page magic, to
 	pass through a peger a pretty-printed form of any object.  After a
 	contribution by Olivier Aubert <oaubert-AT-bat710.univ-lyon1.fr>
 
 2003-04-14  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.user_setup): Fixed bug where
 	all files in ~ would be modified at first install (instead of
 	~/.ipython).  This could be potentially disastrous, as the
 	modification (make line-endings native) could damage binary files.
 	
 2003-04-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.handle_help): Modified to
 	handle only lines which are invalid python.  This now means that
 	lines like 'x=1 #?' execute properly.  Thanks to Jeffery Collins
 	for the bug report.
 
 2003-04-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.showtraceback): Fixed bug
 	where failing to set sys.last_traceback would crash pdb.pm().
 	Thanks to Jeffery D. Collins <Jeff.Collins-AT-vexcel.com> for the bug
 	report.
 
 2003-03-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_prun): rstrip() output of profiler
 	before printing it (it had a lot of spurious blank lines at the
 	end).
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (Gnuplot.hardcopy): fixed bug where lpr
 	output would be sent 21 times!  Obviously people don't use this
 	too often, or I would have heard about it.
 
 2003-03-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py (scriptfiles): renamed the data_files parameter from
 	'base' to 'data' to fix rpm build issues.  Thanks to Ralf Ahlbrink
 	for the patch.
 
 2003-03-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (error): added error() and fatal()
 	functions.
 
 2003-03-18  *** Released version 0.2.15pre3
 
 2003-03-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setupext/install_data_ext.py
 	(install_data_ext.initialize_options): Class contributed by Jack
 	Moffit for fixing the old distutils hack.  He is sending this to
 	the distutils folks so in the future we may not need it as a
 	private fix.
 
 	* MANIFEST.in: Extensive reorganization, based on Jack Moffit's
 	changes for Debian packaging.  See his patch for full details.
 	The old distutils hack of making the ipythonrc* files carry a
 	bogus .py extension is gone, at last.  Examples were moved to a
 	separate subdir under doc/, and the separate executable scripts
 	now live in their own directory.  Overall a great cleanup.  The
 	manual was updated to use the new files, and setup.py has been
 	fixed for this setup.
 
 	* IPython/PyColorize.py (Parser.usage): made non-executable and
 	created a pycolor wrapper around it to be included as a script.
 
 2003-03-12  *** Released version 0.2.15pre2
 
 2003-03-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ColorANSI.py (make_color_table): Finally fixed the
 	long-standing problem with garbage characters in some terminals.
 	The issue was really that the \001 and \002 escapes must _only_ be
 	passed to input prompts (which call readline), but _never_ to
 	normal text to be printed on screen.  I changed ColorANSI to have
 	two classes: TermColors and InputTermColors, each with the
 	appropriate escapes for input prompts or normal text.  The code in
 	Prompts.py got slightly more complicated, but this very old and
 	annoying bug is finally fixed.  
 
 	All the credit for nailing down the real origin of this problem
 	and the correct solution goes to Jack Moffit <jack-AT-xiph.org>.
 	*Many* thanks to him for spending quite a bit of effort on this.
 
 2003-03-05  *** Released version 0.2.15pre1
 
 2003-03-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/FakeModule.py: Moved the former _FakeModule to a
 	separate file, because it's also needed by Magic (to fix a similar
 	pickle-related issue in @run).
 
 2003-03-02  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_autocall): new magic to control
 	the autocall option at runtime.
 	(Magic.magic_dhist): changed self.user_ns to self.shell.user_ns
 	across Magic.py to start separating Magic from InteractiveShell.
 	(Magic._ofind): Fixed to return proper namespace for dotted
 	names. Before, a dotted name would always return 'not currently
 	defined', because it would find the 'parent'. s.x would be found,
 	but since 'x' isn't defined by itself, it would get confused.
 	(Magic.magic_run): Fixed pickling problems reported by Ralf
 	Ahlbrink <RAhlbrink-AT-RosenInspection.net>.  The fix was similar to
 	that I'd used when Mike Heeter reported similar issues at the
 	top-level, but now for @run.  It boils down to injecting the
 	namespace where code is being executed with something that looks
 	enough like a module to fool pickle.dump().  Since a pickle stores
 	a named reference to the importing module, we need this for
 	pickles to save something sensible.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): added an autocall option.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell._prefilter): reordered all of
 	the auto-eval code.  Now autocalling is an option, and the code is
 	also vastly safer.  There is no more eval() involved at all.
 
 2003-03-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic._ofind): Changed interface to return a
 	dict with named keys instead of a tuple.
 
 	* IPython: Started using CVS for IPython as of 0.2.15pre1.
 
 	* setup.py (make_shortcut): Fixed message about directories
 	created during Windows installation (the directories were ok, just
 	the printed message was misleading).  Thanks to Chris Liechti
 	<cliechti-AT-gmx.net> for the heads up.
 
 2003-02-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell._prefilter): Fixed catching
 	of ValueError exception when checking for auto-execution.  This
 	one is raised by things like Numeric arrays arr.flat when the
 	array is non-contiguous.
 
 2003-01-31  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (SystemExec.bq): Fixed bug where bq would
 	not return any value at all (even though the command would get
 	executed).
 	(xsys): Flush stdout right after printing the command to ensure
 	proper ordering of commands and command output in the total
 	output.
 	(SystemExec/xsys/bq): Switched the names of xsys/bq and
 	system/getoutput as defaults.  The old ones are kept for
 	compatibility reasons, so no code which uses this library needs
 	changing.
 
 2003-01-27  *** Released version 0.2.14
 
 2003-01-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_edit): Fixed problem where
 	functions defined in previous edit sessions could not be re-edited
 	(because the temp files were immediately removed).  Now temp files
 	are removed only at IPython's exit.
 	(Magic.magic_run): Improved @run to perform shell-like expansions
 	on its arguments (~users and $VARS).  With this, @run becomes more
 	like a normal command-line.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellEmbed.__call__): Fixed a bunch of small
 	bugs related to embedding and cleaned up that code.  A fairly
 	important one was the impossibility to access the global namespace
 	through the embedded IPython (only local variables were visible).
 
 2003-01-14  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell._prefilter): Fixed
 	auto-calling to be a bit more conservative.  Now it doesn't get
 	triggered if any of '!=()<>' are in the rest of the input line, to
 	allow comparing callables.  Thanks to Alex for the heads up.
 
 2003-01-07  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (page): fixed estimation of the number of
 	lines in a string to be paged to simply count newlines. This
 	prevents over-guessing due to embedded escape sequences. A better
 	long-term solution would involve stripping out the control chars
 	for the count, but it's potentially so expensive I just don't
 	think it's worth doing.
 
 2002-12-19  *** Released version 0.2.14pre50
 
 2002-12-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* tools/release (version): Changed release scripts to inform
 	Andrea and build a NEWS file with a list of recent changes.
 
 	* IPython/ColorANSI.py (__all__): changed terminal detection
 	code. Seems to work better for xterms without breaking
 	konsole. Will need more testing to determine if WinXP and Mac OSX
 	also work ok.
 
 2002-12-18  *** Released version 0.2.14pre49
 
 2002-12-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Docs: added new info about Mac OSX, from Andrea.
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (String): Added a String PlotItem class to
 	allow direct plotting of python strings whose format is the same
 	of gnuplot data files.
 
 2002-12-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.interact): fixed default (y)
 	value of exit question to be acknowledged.
 
 2002-12-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py: removed generators, which had been added
 	by mistake in an earlier debugging run. This was causing trouble
 	to users of python 2.1.x. Thanks to Abel Daniel <abli-AT-freemail.hu>
 	for pointing this out.
 
 2002-11-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Manual: updated the Gnuplot section.
 
 	* IPython/GnuplotRuntime.py: refactored a lot all this code, with
 	a much better split of what goes in Runtime and what goes in
 	Interactive.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py: fixed bug where import_fail_info wasn't
 	being imported from iplib.
 
 	* IPython/GnuplotInteractive.py (magic_gpc): renamed @gp to @gpc
 	for command-passing. Now the global Gnuplot instance is called
 	'gp' instead of 'g', which was really a far too fragile and
 	common name.
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (eps_fix_bbox): added this to fix broken
 	bounding boxes generated by Gnuplot for square plots.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (popkey): new function added. I should
 	suggest this on c.l.py as a dict method, it seems useful.
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (Gnuplot.plot): Overhauled plot and replot
 	to transparently handle PostScript generation. MUCH better than
 	the previous plot_eps/replot_eps (which I removed now). The code
 	is also fairly clean and well documented now (including
 	docstrings).
 
 2002-11-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_edit): fixed docstring
 	(inconsistent with options).
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (Gnuplot.hardcopy): hardcopy had been
 	manually disabled, I don't know why. Fixed it.
 	(Gnuplot._plot_eps): added new plot_eps/replot_eps to get directly
 	eps output.
 
 2002-11-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (ask_yes_no): trap EOF and ^C so that they
 	don't propagate up to caller. Fixes crash reported by François
 	Pinard.
 
 2002-11-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): fixed problem with writing
 	history file for new users.
 	(make_IPython): fixed bug where initial install would leave the
 	user running in the .ipython dir.
 	(make_IPython): fixed bug where config dir .ipython would be
 	created regardless of the given -ipythondir option. Thanks to Cory
 	Dodt <cdodt-AT-fcoe.k12.ca.us> for the bug report.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (ask_yes_no): new function for asking yes/no
 	type confirmations. Will need to use it in all of IPython's code
 	consistently.
 	
 	* IPython/CrashHandler.py (CrashHandler.__call__): changed the
 	context to print 31 lines instead of the default 5. This will make
 	the crash reports extremely detailed in case the problem is in
 	libraries I don't have access to.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.interact): changed the 'last
 	line of defense' code to still crash, but giving users fair
 	warning. I don't want internal errors to go unreported: if there's
 	an internal problem, IPython should crash and generate a full
 	report.
 
 2002-11-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.interact): added code to trap
 	otherwise uncaught exceptions which can appear if people set
 	sys.stdout to something badly broken. Thanks to a crash report
 	from henni-AT-mail.brainbot.com.
 
 2002-11-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.interact): added
 	__IPYTHON__active to the builtins. It's a flag which goes on when
 	the interaction starts and goes off again when it stops. This
 	allows embedding code to detect being inside IPython. Before this
 	was done via __IPYTHON__, but that only shows that an IPython
 	instance has been created.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_env): I realized that in a
 	UserDict, instance.data holds the data as a normal dict. So I
 	modified @env to return os.environ.data instead of rebuilding a
 	dict by hand.
 
 2002-11-02  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (warn): changed so that level 1 prints no
 	header. Level 2 is now the default (with 'WARNING' header, as
 	before). I think I tracked all places where changes were needed in
 	IPython, but outside code using the old level numbering may have
 	broken.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.runcode): added this to
 	handle the tracebacks in SystemExit traps correctly. The previous
 	code (through interact) was printing more of the stack than
 	necessary, showing IPython internal code to the user.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc.py: Made confirm_exit 1 by
 	default. Now that the default at the confirmation prompt is yes,
 	it's not so intrusive. François' argument that ipython sessions
 	tend to be complex enough not to lose them from an accidental C-d,
 	is a valid one.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.interact): added a
 	showtraceback() call to the SystemExit trap, and modified the exit
 	confirmation to have yes as the default.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc.py: removed 'session' option from
 	this file. It's been gone from the code for a long time, this was
 	simply leftover junk.
 
 2002-11-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc.py: new confirm_exit option
 	added. If set, IPython now traps EOF and asks for
 	confirmation. After a request by François Pinard.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_Exit): New @Exit and @Quit instead
 	of @abort, and with a new (better) mechanism for handling the
 	exceptions.
 
 2002-10-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/usage.py (__doc__): updated the --help information and
 	the ipythonrc file to indicate that -log generates
 	./ipython.log. Also fixed the corresponding info in @logstart.
 	This and several other fixes in the manuals thanks to reports by
 	François Pinard <pinard-AT-iro.umontreal.ca>.
 	
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.switch_log): Fixed error message to
 	refer to @logstart (instead of @log, which doesn't exist).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell._prefilter): fixed
 	AttributeError crash. Thanks to Christopher Armstrong
 	<radix-AT-twistedmatrix.com> for the report/fix. This bug had been
 	introduced recently (in 0.2.14pre37) with the fix to the eval
 	problem mentioned below.
 	
 2002-10-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ConfigLoader.py (ConfigLoader.load): Fixes for Windows
 	installation. Thanks to Leonardo Santagada <retype-AT-terra.com.br>.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell._prefilter): Many changes to
 	this function to fix a problem reported by Alex Schmolck. He saw
 	it with list comprehensions and generators, which were getting
 	called twice. The real problem was an 'eval' call in testing for
 	automagic which was evaluating the input line silently. 
 
 	This is a potentially very nasty bug, if the input has side
 	effects which must not be repeated. The code is much cleaner now,
 	without any blanket 'except' left and with a regexp test for
 	actual function names. 
 
 	But an eval remains, which I'm not fully comfortable with. I just
 	don't know how to find out if an expression could be a callable in
 	the user's namespace without doing an eval on the string. However
 	that string is now much more strictly checked so that no code
 	slips by, so the eval should only happen for things that can
 	really be only function/method names.
 
 2002-10-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Updated LyX to 1.2.1 so I can work on the docs again. Added Mac
 	OSX information to main manual, removed README_Mac_OSX file from
 	distribution. Also updated credits for recent additions.
 
 2002-10-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* README_Mac_OSX: Added a README for Mac OSX users for fixing
 	terminal-related issues. Many thanks to Andrea Riciputi
 	<andrea.riciputi-AT-libero.it> for writing it.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc.py: Fixes to various small issues,
 	thanks to Thorsten Kampe <thorsten-AT-thorstenkampe.de>.
 
 	* setup.py (make_shortcut): Fixes for Windows installation. Thanks
 	to Fredrik Kant <fredrik.kant-AT-front.com> and Syver Enstad
 	<syver-en-AT-online.no> who both submitted patches for this problem.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.embed_mainloop): Patch for
 	global embedding to make sure that things don't overwrite user
 	globals accidentally. Thanks to Richard <rxe-AT-renre-europe.com>
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (gp): Patch for Gnuplot.py 1.6
 	compatibility. Thanks to Hayden Callow
 	<h.callow-AT-elec.canterbury.ac.nz>
 
 2002-10-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (PlotItem): Added 'index' option for
 	Gnuplot.File objects.
 	      
 2002-07-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (timing): Added timings() and timing() for
 	quick access to the most commonly needed data, the execution
 	times. Old timing() renamed to timings_out().
 
 2002-07-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShellEmbed.restore_system_completer): fixed
 	bug with nested instances disrupting the parent's tab completion.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (all_completions): Added Alex Schmolck's
 	all_completions code to begin the emacs integration.
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (zip_items): Added optional 'titles'
 	argument to allow titling individual arrays when plotting.
 
 2002-07-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py (make_shortcut): changed to retrieve the value of
 	'Program Files' directory from the registry (this value changes in
 	non-english versions of Windows). Thanks to Thomas Fanslau
 	<tfanslau-AT-gmx.de> for the report.
 
 2002-07-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.debugger): enabled workaround for
 	a bug in pdb, which crashes if a line with only whitespace is
 	entered. Bug report submitted to sourceforge.
 
 2002-07-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.nullrepr): fixed rare crash when
 	reporting exceptions (it's a bug in inspect.py, I just set a
 	workaround).
 
 2002-07-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): fixed reference to
 	__IPYTHON__ in __builtins__ to show up in user_ns.
 
 2002-07-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/GnuplotInteractive.py (magic_gp_set_default): changed
 	name from @gp_set_instance to @gp_set_default.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): default editor value set to
 	'0' (a string), to match the rc file. Otherwise will crash when
 	.strip() is called on it.
 	
 
 2002-06-28  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.safe_execfile): fix importing
 	of files in current directory when a file is executed via
 	@run. Patch also by RA <ralf_ahlbrink-AT-web.de>.
 
 	* setup.py (manfiles): fix for rpm builds, submitted by RA
 	<ralf_ahlbrink-AT-web.de>. Now we have RPMs!
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): fixed lookup of default
 	editor when set to '0'. Problem was, '0' evaluates to True (it's a
 	string!). A. Schmolck caught this one.
 
 2002-06-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): fixed bug when running user
 	defined files at the cmd line. __name__ wasn't being set to
 	__main__.
 
 	* IPython/Gnuplot2.py (zip_items): improved it so it can plot also
 	regular lists and tuples besides Numeric arrays.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (CachedOutput.__call__): Added output
 	supression for input ending with ';'. Similar to Mathematica and
 	Matlab. The _* vars and Out[] list are still updated, just like
 	Mathematica behaves.
 
 2002-06-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ConfigLoader.py (ConfigLoader.load): fixed checking of
 	.ini extensions for profiels under Windows.
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (Inspector.pinfo): improved alignment of
 	string form. Fix contributed by Alexander Schmolck
 	<a.schmolck-AT-gmx.net>
 
 	* IPython/GnuplotRuntime.py (gp_new): new function. Returns a
 	pre-configured Gnuplot instance.
 
 2002-06-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py (exp_safe): new function, works around the
 	underflow problems in Numeric.
 	(log2): New fn. Safe log in base 2: returns exact integer answer
 	for exact integer powers of 2.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (get_py_filename): fixed it not expanding '~'
 	properly.
 
 2002-06-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (timing): new function like
 	Mathematica's. Similar to time_test, but returns more info.
 
 2002-06-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_save): modified @save and @r
 	according to Mike Heeter's suggestions.
 
 2002-06-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/GnuplotRuntime.py: Massive overhaul to the Gnuplot
 	system. GnuplotMagic is gone as a user-directory option. New files
 	make it easier to use all the gnuplot stuff both from external
 	programs as well as from IPython. Had to rewrite part of
 	hardcopy() b/c of a strange bug: often the ps files simply don't
 	get created, and require a repeat of the command (often several
 	times).
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (AutoFormattedTB.__call__): changed to
 	resolve output channel at call time, so that if sys.stderr has
 	been redirected by user this gets honored.
 
 2002-06-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPShell.__init__): Changed IPythonShell to
 	IPShell. Kept a copy with the old names to avoid breaking people's
 	embedded code.
 
 	* IPython/ipython: simplified it to the bare minimum after
 	Holger's suggestions. Added info about how to use it in
 	PYTHONSTARTUP.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPythonShell): changed the options passing
 	from a string with funky %s replacements to a straight list. Maybe
 	a bit more typing, but it follows sys.argv conventions, so there's
 	less special-casing to remember.
 
 2002-06-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_r): new magic auto-repeat
 	command. Thanks to a suggestion by Mike Heeter.
 	(Magic.magic_pfile): added behavior to look at filenames if given
 	arg is not a defined object.
 	(Magic.magic_save): New @save function to save code snippets. Also
 	a Mike Heeter idea.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/GnuplotMagic.py (plot): Improvements to
 	plot() and replot(). Much more convenient now, especially for
 	interactive use.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_run): Added .py automatically to
 	filenames.
 
 2002-06-02  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Struct.py (Struct.__init__): modified to admit
 	initialization via another struct.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (SystemExec.__init__): New stateful
 	interface to xsys and bq. Useful for writing system scripts.
 
 2002-05-30  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* MANIFEST.in: Changed docfile selection to exclude all the lyx
 	documents. This will make the user download smaller (it's getting
 	too big).
 
 2002-05-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (_FakeModule.__init__): New class introduced to
 	fix problems with shelve and pickle. Seems to work, but I don't
 	know if corner cases break it. Thanks to Mike Heeter
 	<korora-AT-SDF.LONESTAR.ORG> for the bug reports and test cases.
 
 2002-05-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Macro.__init__): fixed magics embedded in
 	macros having broken.
 
 2002-05-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_logstart): fixed recently
 	introduced logging bug: all history before logging started was
 	being written one character per line! This came from the redesign
 	of the input history as a special list which slices to strings,
 	not to lists.
 
 2002-05-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (CachedOutput.__init__): made the color table
 	be an attribute of all classes in this module. The design of these
 	classes needs some serious overhauling.
 
 	* IPython/DPyGetOpt.py (DPyGetOpt.setPosixCompliance): fixed bug
 	which was ignoring '_' in option names.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (FormattedTB.__init__): Changed
 	'Verbose_novars' to 'Context' and made it the new default. It's a
 	bit more readable and also safer than verbose.
 
 	* IPython/PyColorize.py (Parser.__call__): Fixed coloring of
 	triple-quoted strings.
 
 	* IPython/OInspect.py (__all__): new module exposing the object
 	introspection facilities. Now the corresponding magics are dummy
 	wrappers around this. Having this module will make it much easier
 	to put these functions into our modified pdb.
 	This new object inspector system uses the new colorizing module,
 	so source code and other things are nicely syntax highlighted.
 
 2002-05-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ColorANSI.py: Split the coloring tools into a separate
 	module so I can use them in other code easier (they were part of
 	ultraTB).
 
 2002-05-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/GnuplotMagic.py (magic_gp_set_instance):
 	fixed it to set the global 'g' also to the called instance, as
 	long as 'g' was still a gnuplot instance (so it doesn't overwrite
 	user's 'g' variables).
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): Added In/Out
 	global variables (aliases to _ih,_oh) so that users which expect
 	In[5] or Out[7] to work aren't unpleasantly surprised.
 	(InputList.__getslice__): new class to allow executing slices of
 	input history directly. Very simple class, complements the use of
 	macros.
 
 2002-05-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py (docdirbase): make doc directory be just doc/IPython
 	without version numbers, it will reduce clutter for users.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_run): Add explicit local dict to
 	execfile call to prevent possible memory leak. See for details:
 	http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2002-February/088476.html
 
 2002-05-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_psource): made the object
 	introspection names be more standard: pdoc, pdef, pfile and
 	psource. They all print/page their output, and it makes
 	remembering them easier. Kept old names for compatibility as
 	aliases.
 
 2002-05-14  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/GnuplotMagic.py: I think I finally understood
 	what the mouse problem was. The trick is to use gnuplot with temp
 	files and NOT with pipes (for data communication), because having
 	both pipes and the mouse on is bad news.
 
 2002-05-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic._ofind): fixed namespace order search
 	bug. Information would be reported about builtins even when
 	user-defined functions overrode them.
 
 2002-05-11  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/__init__.py (__all__): removed FlexCompleter from
 	__all__ so that things don't fail in platforms without readline.
 
 2002-05-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/__init__.py (__all__): removed numutils from __all__ b/c
 	it requires Numeric, effectively making Numeric a dependency for
 	IPython.
 
 	* Released 0.2.13
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_prun): big overhaul to the
 	profiler interface. Now all the major options from the profiler
 	module are directly supported in IPython, both for single
 	expressions (@prun) and for full programs (@run -p).
 
 2002-05-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_doc): fixed to show docstrings of
 	magic properly formatted for screen.
 
 	* setup.py (make_shortcut): Changed things to put pdf version in
 	doc/ instead of doc/manual (had to change lyxport a bit).
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Profile.string_stats): made profile runs go
 	through pager (they are long and a pager allows searching, saving,
 	etc.)
 
 2002-05-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.12
 
 2002-05-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_hist): small bug fixed (recently
 	introduced); 'hist n1 n2' was broken.
 	(Magic.magic_pdb): added optional on/off arguments to @pdb
 	(Magic.magic_run): added option -i to @run, which executes code in
 	the IPython namespace instead of a clean one. Also added @irun as
 	an alias to @run -i.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/GnuplotMagic.py (magic_gp_set_instance):
 	fixed (it didn't really do anything, the namespaces were wrong).
 
 	* IPython/Debugger.py (__init__): Added workaround for python 2.1
 
 	* IPython/__init__.py (__all__): Fixed package namespace, now
 	'import IPython' does give access to IPython.<all> as
 	expected. Also renamed __release__ to Release.
 
 	* IPython/Debugger.py (__license__): created new Pdb class which
 	functions like a drop-in for the normal pdb.Pdb but does NOT
 	import readline by default. This way it doesn't muck up IPython's
 	readline handling, and now tab-completion finally works in the
 	debugger -- sort of. It completes things globally visible, but the
 	completer doesn't track the stack as pdb walks it. That's a bit
 	tricky, and I'll have to implement it later.
 
 2002-05-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_oinfo): fixed formatting bug for
 	magic docstrings when printed via ? (explicit \'s were being
 	printed).
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): fixed namespace
 	identification bug. Now variables loaded via logs or command-line
 	files are recognized in the interactive namespace by @who.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.safe_execfile): Fixed bug in
 	log replay system stemming from the string form of Structs.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Macro.__init__): improved macros to properly
 	handle magic commands in them.
 	(Magic.magic_logstart): usernames are now expanded so 'logstart
 	~/mylog' now works.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (complete): fixed bug where paths starting with
 	'/' would be completed as magic names.
 
 2002-05-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_run): added options -p and -f to
 	allow running full programs under the profiler's control.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (FormattedTB.__init__): Added Verbose_novars
 	mode to report exceptions verbosely but without formatting
 	variables. This addresses the issue of ipython 'freezing' (it's
 	not frozen, but caught in an expensive formatting loop) when huge
 	variables are in the context of an exception.
 	(VerboseTB.text): Added '--->' markers at line where exception was
 	triggered. Much clearer to read, especially in NoColor modes.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_run): bugfix: -n option had been
 	implemented in reverse when changing to the new parse_options().
 
 2002-05-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.parse_options): new function so that
 	magics can parse options easier.
 	(Magic.magic_prun): new function similar to profile.run(),
 	suggested by Chris Hart.
 	(Magic.magic_cd): fixed behavior so that it only changes if
 	directory actually is in history.
 
 	* IPython/usage.py (__doc__): added information about potential
 	slowness of Verbose exception mode when there are huge data
 	structures to be formatted (thanks to Archie Paulson).
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): Changed default logging
 	(when simply called with -log) to use curr_dir/ipython.log in
 	rotate mode. Fixed crash which was occuring with -log before
 	(thanks to Jim Boyle).
 
 2002-05-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.11 for these fixes (mainly the ultraTB one which
 	was nasty -- though somewhat of a corner case).
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (AutoFormattedTB.text): renamed __text to
 	text (was a bug).
 
 2002-04-30  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/GnuplotMagic.py (magic_gp): Minor fix to add
 	a print after ^D or ^C from the user so that the In[] prompt
 	doesn't over-run the gnuplot one.
 
 2002-04-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.10
 
 	* IPython/__release__.py (version): get date dynamically.
 
 	* Misc. documentation updates thanks to Arnd's comments. Also ran
 	a full spellcheck on the manual (hadn't been done in a while).
 
 2002-04-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_logstart): Fixed bug where
 	starting a log in mid-session would reset the input history list.
 
 2002-04-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.wait): Fixed bug where not
 	all files were being included in an update. Now anything in
 	UserConfig that matches [A-Za-z]*.py will go (this excludes
 	__init__.py)
 
 2002-04-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.__init__): Added __IPYTHON__
 	to __builtins__ so that any form of embedded or imported code can
 	test for being inside IPython.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/GnuplotMagic.py: (magic_gp_set_instance):
 	changed to GnuplotMagic because it's now an importable module,
 	this makes the name follow that of the standard Gnuplot module.
 	GnuplotMagic can now be loaded at any time in mid-session.
 
 2002-04-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py: removed SIUnits. It doesn't properly set
 	the globals (IPython has its own namespace) and the
 	PhysicalQuantity stuff is much better anyway.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/example-gnuplot.py (g2): Added gnuplot
 	embedding example to standard user directory for
 	distribution. Also put it in the manual.
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py (gnuplot_exec): Changed to take a gnuplot
 	instance as first argument (so it doesn't rely on some obscure
 	hidden global).
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc.py: put () back in accepted
 	delimiters. While it prevents ().TAB from working, it allows
 	completions in open (... expressions. This is by far a more common
 	case.
 
 2002-04-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/InterpreterPasteInput.py: new
 	syntax-processing module for pasting lines with >>> or ... at the
 	start.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/PhysicalQ_Interactive.py
 	(PhysicalQuantityInteractive.__int__): fixed to work with either
 	Numeric or math.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc-numeric.py: reorganized the
 	provided profiles. Now we have:
 	-math -> math module as * and cmath with its own namespace.
 	-numeric -> Numeric as *, plus gnuplot & grace
 	-physics -> same as before
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_magic): Fixed bug where
 	user-defined magics wouldn't be found by @magic if they were
 	defined as class methods. Also cleaned up the namespace search
 	logic and the string building (to use %s instead of many repeated
 	string adds).
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/example-magic.py (magic_foo): updated example
 	of user-defined magics to operate with class methods (cleaner, in
 	line with the gnuplot code).
 
 2002-04-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py: updated dependency list so that manual is updated when
 	all included files change.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): Fixed bug which was ignoring
 	the delimiter removal option (the fix is ugly right now).
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc-physics.py: simplified not to load
 	all of the math profile (quicker loading, no conflict between
 	g-9.8 and g-gnuplot).
 
 	* IPython/CrashHandler.py (CrashHandler.__call__): changed default
 	name of post-mortem files to IPython_crash_report.txt.
 
 	* Cleanup/update of the docs. Added all the new readline info and
 	formatted all lists as 'real lists'.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): removed now-obsolete
 	tab-completion options, since the full readline parse_and_bind is
 	now accessible.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.init_readline): Changed
 	handling of readline options. Now users can specify any string to
 	be passed to parse_and_bind(), as well as the delimiters to be
 	removed.
 	(InteractiveShell.__init__): Added __name__ to the global
 	namespace so that things like Itpl which rely on its existence
 	don't crash.
 	(InteractiveShell._prefilter): Defined the default with a _ so
 	that prefilter() is easier to override, while the default one
 	remains available.
 
 2002-04-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Added information about pdb in the docs.
 
 2002-04-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): added rc_override option to
 	allow passing config options at creation time which may override
 	anything set in the config files or command line. This is
 	particularly useful for configuring embedded instances.
 
 2002-04-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.log): Fixed a nasty bug which could
 	crash embedded instances because of the input cache falling out of
 	sync with the output counter.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPythonShellEmbed.__init__): added a debug
 	mode which calls pdb after an uncaught exception in IPython itself.
 
 2002-04-14  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.showtraceback): pdb mucks up
 	readline, fix it back after each call.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (AutoFormattedTB.__text): made text a private
 	method to force all access via __call__(), which guarantees that
 	traceback references are properly deleted.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (CachedOutput._display): minor fixes to
 	improve printing when pprint is in use.
 
 2002-04-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPythonShellEmbed.__call__): SystemExit
 	exceptions aren't caught anymore. If the user triggers one, he
 	should know why he's doing it and it should go all the way up,
 	just like any other exception. So now @abort will fully kill the
 	embedded interpreter and the embedding code (unless that happens
 	to catch SystemExit).
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.__init__): added a call_pdb flag
 	and a debugger() method to invoke the interactive pdb debugger
 	after printing exception information. Also added the corresponding
 	-pdb option and @pdb magic to control this feature, and updated
 	the docs. After a suggestion from Christopher Hart
 	(hart-AT-caltech.edu).
 
 2002-04-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPythonShellEmbed.__init__): modified to use
 	the exception handlers defined by the user (not the CrashHandler)
 	so that user exceptions don't trigger an ipython bug report.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (ColorTB.__init__): made the color scheme
 	configurable (it should have always been so).
 
 2002-03-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPythonShellEmbed.__call__): many changes here
 	and there to fix embedding namespace issues. This should all be
 	done in a more elegant way.
 
 2002-03-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (get_home_dir): Try to make it work under
 	win9x also.
 
 2002-03-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPythonShellEmbed.__init__): leave
 	sys.displayhook untouched upon __init__.
 
 2002-03-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.9 (for embedding bug, basically).
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPythonShellEmbed.__call__): Trap SystemExit
 	exceptions so that enclosing shell's state can be restored.
 
 	* Changed magic_gnuplot.py to magic-gnuplot.py to standardize
 	naming conventions in the .ipython/ dir.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.init_readline): removed '-'
 	from delimiters list so filenames with - in them get expanded.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPythonShellEmbed.__call__): fixed bug with
 	sys.displayhook not being properly restored after an embedded call.
 
  2002-03-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.8
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.user_setup): fixed bug where
 	some files weren't being included in a -upgrade.
 	(InteractiveShell.init_readline): Added 'set show-all-if-ambiguous
 	on' so that the first tab completes.
 	(InteractiveShell.handle_magic): fixed bug with spaces around
 	quotes breaking many magic commands.
 
 	* setup.py: added note about ignoring the syntax error messages at
 	installation.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/magic_gnuplot.py (magic_gp): finished
 	streamlining the gnuplot interface, now there's only one magic @gp.
 
 2002-03-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/magic_gnuplot.py: new name for the
 	example-magic_pm.py file. Much enhanced system, now with a shell
 	for communicating directly with gnuplot, one command at a time.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_run): added option -n to prevent
 	setting __name__=='__main__'.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/example-magic_pm.py (magic_pm): Added
 	mini-shell for accessing gnuplot from inside ipython. Should
 	extend it later for grace access too. Inspired by Arnd's
 	suggestion.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.handle_magic): fixed bug when
 	calling magic functions with () in their arguments. Thanks to Arnd
 	Baecker for pointing this to me.
 
 	* IPython/numutils.py (sum_flat): fixed bug. Would recurse
 	infinitely for integer or complex arrays (only worked with floats).
 
 2002-03-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py: Merged setup and setup_windows into a single script
 	which properly handles things for windows users.
 
 2002-03-15  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Big change to the manual: now the magics are all automatically
 	documented. This information is generated from their docstrings
 	and put in a latex file included by the manual lyx file. This way
 	we get always up to date information for the magics. The manual
 	now also has proper version information, also auto-synced.
 
 	For this to work, an undocumented --magic_docstrings option was added.
 
 2002-03-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (TermColors): fixed problem with dark colors
 	under CDE terminals. An explicit ;2 color reset is needed in the escapes.
 
 2002-03-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (TermColors): changed color escapes again to
 	fix the (old, reintroduced) line-wrapping bug. Basically, if
 	\001..\002 aren't given in the color escapes, lines get wrapped
 	weirdly. But giving those screws up old xterms and emacs terms. So
 	I added some logic for emacs terms to be ok, but I can't identify old
 	xterms separately ($TERM=='xterm' for many terminals, like konsole).
 
 2002-03-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/usage.py (__doc__): Various documentation cleanups and
 	updates, both in usage docstrings and in the manual.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (CachedOutput.set_colors): cleanups for
 	handling of caching. Set minimum acceptabe value for having a
 	cache at 20 values.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.user_setup): moved the
 	install_first_time function to a method, renamed it and added an
 	'upgrade' mode. Now people can update their config directory with
 	a simple command line switch (-upgrade, also new).
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_pfile): Made @pfile an alias to
 	@file (convenient for automagic users under Python >= 2.2). 
 	Removed @files (it seemed more like a plural than an abbrev. of
 	'file show').
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (install_first_time): Fixed crash if there were
 	backup files ('~') in .ipython/ install directory.
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): fixes for new prompt
 	system. Things look fine, but these changes are fairly
 	intrusive. Test them for a few days.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (CachedOutput.__init__): Massive rewrite of
 	the prompts system. Now all in/out prompt strings are user
 	controllable. This is particularly useful for embedding, as one
 	can tag embedded instances with particular prompts. 
 
 	Also removed global use of sys.ps1/2, which now allows nested
 	embeddings without any problems. Added command-line options for
 	the prompt strings.
 
 2002-03-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/example-embed-short.py (ipshell): added
 	example file with the bare minimum code for embedding.
 
 	* IPython/Shell.py (IPythonShellEmbed.set_dummy_mode): added
 	functionality for the embeddable shell to be activated/deactivated
 	either globally or at each call.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (Prompt1.auto_rewrite): Fixes the problem of
 	rewriting the prompt with '--->' for auto-inputs with proper
 	coloring. Now the previous UGLY hack in handle_auto() is gone, and
 	this is handled by the prompts class itself, as it should.
 
 2002-03-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_logstart): Changed @log to
 	@logstart to avoid name clashes with the math log function.
 
 	* Big updates to X/Emacs section of the manual.
 
 	* Removed ipython_emacs. Milan explained to me how to pass
 	arguments to ipython through Emacs. Some day I'm going to end up
 	learning some lisp...
 
 2002-03-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipython_emacs: Created script to be used as the
 	py-python-command Emacs variable so we can pass IPython
 	parameters. I can't figure out how to tell Emacs directly to pass
 	parameters to IPython, so a dummy shell script will do it.
 
 	Other enhancements made for things to work better under Emacs'
 	various types of terminals. Many thanks to Milan Zamazal
 	<pdm-AT-zamazal.org> for all the suggestions and pointers.
 
 2002-03-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): added a --readline! option so
 	that loading of readline is now optional. This gives better
 	control to emacs users.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (__date__): Modified color escape sequences
 	and now things work fine under xterm and in Emacs' term buffers
 	(though not shell ones). Well,  in emacs you get colors, but all
 	seem to be 'light' colors (no difference between dark and light
 	ones). But the garbage chars are gone, and also in xterms. It
 	seems that now I'm using 'cleaner' ansi sequences.
 
 2002-02-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.7 (mainly to publish the scoping fix).
 	
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.logstate): added. A corresponding
 	@logstate magic was created.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py: fixed nested scoping problem under Python
 	2.1.x (automagic wasn't working).
 
 2002-02-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.6.
 
 	* IPython/OutputTrap.py (OutputTrap.__init__): added a 'quiet'
 	option so that logs can come out without any headers at all.
 
 	* IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc-scipy.py: created a profile for
 	SciPy.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.embed_mainloop): Changed so
 	that embedded IPython calls don't require vars() to be explicitly
 	passed. Now they are extracted from the caller's frame (code
 	snatched from Eric Jones' weave). Added better documentation to
 	the section on embedding and the example file.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (page): Changed so that under emacs, it just
 	prints the string. You can then page up and down in the emacs
 	buffer itself. This is how the builtin help() works.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (CachedOutput.__call__): Fixed issue with
 	macro scoping: macros need to be executed in the user's namespace
 	to work as if they had been typed by the user.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_macro): Changed macros so they
 	execute automatically (no need to type 'exec...'). They then
 	behave like 'true macros'. The printing system was also modified
 	for this to work.
 
 2002-02-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (page_file): new function for paging files
 	in an OS-independent way. Also necessary for file viewing to work
 	well inside Emacs buffers.
 	(page): Added checks for being in an emacs buffer.
 	(page): fixed bug for Windows ($TERM isn't set in Windows). Fixed
 	same bug in iplib.
 
 2002-02-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.init_readline): modified use
 	of readline so that IPython can work inside an Emacs buffer.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (AutoFormattedTB.__call__): some fixes to
 	method signatures (they weren't really bugs, but it looks cleaner
 	and keeps PyChecker happy).
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): added hooks Struct to __IP
 	for implementing various user-defined hooks. Currently only
 	display is done.
 
 	* IPython/Prompts.py (CachedOutput._display): changed display
 	functions so that they can be dynamically changed by users easily.
 
 	* IPython/Extensions/numeric_formats.py (num_display): added an
 	extension for printing NumPy arrays in flexible manners. It
 	doesn't do anything yet, but all the structure is in
 	place. Ultimately the plan is to implement output format control
 	like in Octave.
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.lsmagic): changed so that bound magic
 	methods are found at run-time by all the automatic machinery.
 
 2002-02-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup_Windows.py (make_shortcut): documented. Cleaned up the
 	whole file a little.
 
 	* ToDo: closed this document. Now there's a new_design.lyx
 	document for all new ideas. Added making a pdf of it for the
 	end-user distro.
 
 	* IPython/Logger.py (Logger.switch_log): Created this to replace
 	logon() and logoff(). It also fixes a nasty crash reported by 
 	Philip Hisley <compsys-AT-starpower.net>. Many thanks to him.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (complete): got auto-completion to work with
 	automagic (I had wanted this for a long time).
 
 	* IPython/Magic.py (Magic.magic_files): Added @files as an alias
 	to @file, since file() is now a builtin and clashes with automagic
 	for @file.
 
 	* Made some new files: Prompts, CrashHandler, Magic, Logger. All
 	of this was previously in iplib, which had grown to more than 2000
 	lines, way too long. No new functionality, but it makes managing
 	the code a bit easier.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (IPythonCrashHandler.__call__): Added version
 	information to crash reports.
 
 2002-02-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.5.
 
 2002-02-11  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Wrote a relatively complete Windows installer. It puts
 	everything in place, creates Start Menu entries and fixes the
 	color issues. Nothing fancy, but it works.
 
 2002-02-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.safe_execfile): added an
 	os.path.expanduser() call so that we can type @run ~/myfile.py and
 	have thigs work as expected.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (page): fixed exception handling so things
 	work both in Unix and Windows correctly. Quitting a pager triggers
 	an IOError/broken pipe in Unix, and in windows not finding a pager
 	is also an IOError, so I had to actually look at the return value
 	of the exception, not just the exception itself. Should be ok now.
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (ColorSchemeTable.set_active_scheme):
 	modified to allow case-insensitive color scheme changes.
 
 2002-02-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (native_line_ends): new function to leave
 	user config files with os-native line-endings.
 
 	* README and manual updates.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py: fixed unicode bug: use types.StringTypes
 	instead of StringType to catch Unicode strings.
 
 	* IPython/genutils.py (filefind): fixed bug for paths with
 	embedded spaces (very common in Windows).
 
 	* IPython/ipmaker.py (make_IPython): added a '.ini' to the rc
 	files under Windows, so that they get automatically associated
 	with a text editor. Windows makes it a pain to handle
 	extension-less files.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.init_readline): Made the
 	warning about readline only occur for Posix. In Windows there's no
 	way to get readline, so why bother with the warning.
 
 	* IPython/Struct.py (Struct.__str__): fixed to use self.__dict__
 	for __str__ instead of dir(self), since dir() changed in 2.2.
 
 	* Ported to Windows! Tested on XP, I suspect it should work fine
 	on NT/2000, but I don't think it will work on 98 et al. That
 	series of Windows is such a piece of junk anyway that I won't try
 	porting it there. The XP port was straightforward, showed a few
 	bugs here and there (fixed all), in particular some string
 	handling stuff which required considering Unicode strings (which
 	Windows uses). This is good, but hasn't been too tested :) No
 	fancy installer yet, I'll put a note in the manual so people at
 	least make manually a shortcut.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (Magic.magic_colors): Unified the color options
 	into a single one, "colors". This now controls both prompt and
 	exception color schemes, and can be changed both at startup
 	(either via command-line switches or via ipythonrc files) and at
 	runtime, with @colors.
 	(Magic.magic_run): renamed @prun to @run and removed the old
 	@run. The two were too similar to warrant keeping both.
 
 2002-02-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (install_first_time): Added comment on how to
 	configure the color options for first-time users. Put a <return>
 	request at the end so that small-terminal users get a chance to
 	read the startup info.
 
 2002-01-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (CachedOutput.update): Changed output memory
 	variable names from _o,_oo,_ooo,_o<n> to simply _,__,___,_<n>. For
 	input history we still use _i. Did this b/c these variable are
 	very commonly used in interactive work, so the less we need to
 	type the better off we are.
 	(Magic.magic_prun): updated @prun to better handle the namespaces
 	the file will run in, including a fix for __name__ not being set
 	before.
 
 2002-01-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/ultraTB.py (VerboseTB.linereader): Fixed printing of
 	extra garbage for Python 2.2. Need to look more carefully into
 	this later.
 
 2002-01-19  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.showtraceback): fixed to
 	display SyntaxError exceptions properly formatted when they occur
 	(they can be triggered by imported code).
 
 2002-01-18  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.safe_execfile): now
 	SyntaxError exceptions are reported nicely formatted, instead of
 	spitting out only offset information as before.
 	(Magic.magic_prun): Added the @prun function for executing
 	programs with command line args inside IPython.
 
 2002-01-16  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (Magic.magic_hist): Changed @hist and @dhist
 	to *not* include the last item given in a range. This brings their
 	behavior in line with Python's slicing: 
 	  a[n1:n2] -> a[n1]...a[n2-1]
 	It may be a bit less convenient, but I prefer to stick to Python's
 	conventions *everywhere*, so users never have to wonder.
 	(Magic.magic_macro): Added @macro function to ease the creation of
 	macros.
 
 2002-01-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.4.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (Magic.magic_pdef): 
 	(InteractiveShell.safe_execfile): report magic lines and error
 	lines without line numbers so one can easily copy/paste them for
 	re-execution.
 
 	* Updated manual with recent changes.
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (Magic.magic_oinfo): added constructor
 	docstring printing when class? is called. Very handy for knowing
 	how to create class instances (as long as __init__ is well
 	documented, of course :)
 	(Magic.magic_doc): print both class and constructor docstrings.
 	(Magic.magic_pdef): give constructor info if passed a class and
 	__call__ info for callable object instances.
 
 2002-01-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Made deep_reload() off by default. It doesn't always work
 	exactly as intended, so it's probably safer to have it off. It's
 	still available as dreload() anyway, so nothing is lost.
 
 2002-01-02  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.3 (contacted R.Singh at CU about biopython course,
 	so I wanted an updated release).
 
 2001-12-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython/iplib.py (InteractiveShell.interact): Added the original
 	code from 'code.py' for this module in order to change the
 	handling of a KeyboardInterrupt. This was necessary b/c otherwise
 	the history cache would break when the user hit Ctrl-C, and
 	interact() offers no way to add any hooks to it.
 
 2001-12-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* setup.py: added check for 'MANIFEST' before trying to remove
 	it. Thanks to Sean Reifschneider.
 
 2001-12-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.2.
 
 	* Finished (reasonably) writing the manual. Later will add the
 	python-standard navigation stylesheets, but for the time being
 	it's fairly complete. Distribution will include html and pdf
 	versions.
 
 	* Bugfix: '.' wasn't being added to sys.path. Thanks to Prabhu
 	(MayaVi author).
 
 2001-12-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.1. Barring any nasty bugs, this is it as far as a
 	good public release, I think (with the manual and the distutils
 	installer). The manual can use some work, but that can go
 	slowly. Otherwise I think it's quite nice for end users. Next
 	summer, rewrite the guts of it...
 
 	* Changed format of ipythonrc files to use whitespace as the
 	separator instead of an explicit '='. Cleaner.
 
 2001-12-20  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Started a manual in LyX. For now it's just a quick merge of the
 	various internal docstrings and READMEs. Later it may grow into a
 	nice, full-blown manual.
 
 	* Set up a distutils based installer. Installation should now be
 	trivially simple for end-users.
 
 2001-12-11  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.2.0. First public release, announced it at
 	comp.lang.python. From now on, just bugfixes...
 
 	* Went through all the files, set copyright/license notices and
 	cleaned up things. Ready for release.
 
 2001-12-10  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Changed the first-time installer not to use tarfiles. It's more
 	robust now and less unix-dependent. Also makes it easier for
 	people to later upgrade versions.
 
 	* Changed @exit to @abort to reflect the fact that it's pretty
 	brutal (a sys.exit()). The difference between @abort and Ctrl-D
 	becomes significant only when IPyhton is embedded: in that case,
 	C-D closes IPython only, but @abort kills the enclosing program
 	too (unless it had called IPython inside a try catching
 	SystemExit).
 
 	* Created Shell module which exposes the actuall IPython Shell
 	classes, currently the normal and the embeddable one. This at
 	least offers a stable interface we won't need to change when
 	(later) the internals are rewritten. That rewrite will be confined
 	to iplib and ipmaker, but the Shell interface should remain as is.
 
 	* Added embed module which offers an embeddable IPShell object,
 	useful to fire up IPython *inside* a running program. Great for
 	debugging or dynamical data analysis.
 
 2001-12-08  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Fixed small bug preventing seeing info from methods of defined
 	objects (incorrect namespace in _ofind()).
 
 	* Documentation cleanup. Moved the main usage docstrings to a
 	separate file, usage.py (cleaner to maintain, and hopefully in the
 	future some perlpod-like way of producing interactive, man and
 	html docs out of it will be found).
 
 	* Added @profile to see your profile at any time.
 
 	* Added @p as an alias for 'print'. It's especially convenient if
 	using automagic ('p x' prints x).
 
 	* Small cleanups and fixes after a pychecker run.
 
 	* Changed the @cd command to handle @cd - and @cd -<n> for
 	visiting any directory in _dh.
 
 	* Introduced _dh, a history of visited directories. @dhist prints
 	it out with numbers.
 
 2001-12-07  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.1.22
 
 	* Made initialization a bit more robust against invalid color
 	options in user input (exit, not traceback-crash).
 
 	* Changed the bug crash reporter to write the report only in the
 	user's .ipython directory. That way IPython won't litter people's
 	hard disks with crash files all over the place. Also print on
 	screen the necessary mail command.
 
 	* With the new ultraTB, implemented LightBG color scheme for light
 	background terminals. A lot of people like white backgrounds, so I
 	guess we should at least give them something readable.
 
 2001-12-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Modified the structure of ultraTB. Now there's a proper class
 	for tables of color schemes which allow adding schemes easily and
 	switching the active scheme without creating a new instance every
 	time (which was ridiculous). The syntax for creating new schemes
 	is also cleaner. I think ultraTB is finally done, with a clean
 	class structure. Names are also much cleaner (now there's proper
 	color tables, no need for every variable to also have 'color' in
 	its name).
 
 	* Broke down genutils into separate files. Now genutils only
 	contains utility functions, and classes have been moved to their
 	own files (they had enough independent functionality to warrant
 	it): ConfigLoader, OutputTrap, Struct.
 
 2001-12-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* IPython turns 21! Released version 0.1.21, as a candidate for
 	public consumption. If all goes well, release in a few days.
 
 	* Fixed path bug (files in Extensions/ directory wouldn't be found
 	unless IPython/ was explicitly in sys.path).
 
 	* Extended the FlexCompleter class as MagicCompleter to allow
 	completion of @-starting lines.
 
 	* Created __release__.py file as a central repository for release
 	info that other files can read from.
 
 	* Fixed small bug in logging: when logging was turned on in
 	mid-session, old lines with special meanings (!@?) were being
 	logged without the prepended comment, which is necessary since
 	they are not truly valid python syntax. This should make session
 	restores produce less errors.
 
 	* The namespace cleanup forced me to make a FlexCompleter class
 	which is nothing but a ripoff of rlcompleter, but with selectable
 	namespace (rlcompleter only works in __main__.__dict__). I'll try
 	to submit a note to the authors to see if this change can be
 	incorporated in future rlcompleter releases (Dec.6: done)
 
 	* More fixes to namespace handling. It was a mess! Now all
 	explicit references to __main__.__dict__ are gone (except when
 	really needed) and everything is handled through the namespace
 	dicts in the IPython instance. We seem to be getting somewhere
 	with this, finally...
 
 	* Small documentation updates.
 
 	* Created the Extensions directory under IPython (with an
 	__init__.py). Put the PhysicalQ stuff there. This directory should
 	be used for all special-purpose extensions.
 
 	* File renaming:
 	  ipythonlib --> ipmaker
 	  ipplib     --> iplib
 	This makes a bit more sense in terms of what these files actually do.
 
 	* Moved all the classes and functions in ipythonlib to ipplib, so
 	now ipythonlib only has make_IPython(). This will ease up its
 	splitting in smaller functional chunks later.
 
 	* Cleaned up (done, I think) output of @whos. Better column
 	formatting, and now shows str(var) for as much as it can, which is
 	typically what one gets with a 'print var'.
 
 2001-12-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Fixed namespace problems. Now builtin/IPyhton/user names get
 	properly reported in their namespace. Internal namespace handling
 	is finally getting decent (not perfect yet, but much better than
 	the ad-hoc mess we had).
 
 	* Removed -exit option. If people just want to run a python
 	script, that's what the normal interpreter is for. Less
 	unnecessary options, less chances for bugs.
 
 	* Added a crash handler which generates a complete post-mortem if
 	IPython crashes. This will help a lot in tracking bugs down the
 	road.
 
 	* Fixed nasty bug in auto-evaluation part of prefilter(). Names
 	which were boud to functions being reassigned would bypass the
 	logger, breaking the sync of _il with the prompt counter. This
 	would then crash IPython later when a new line was logged.
 
 2001-12-02  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Made IPython a package. This means people don't have to clutter
 	their sys.path with yet another directory. Changed the INSTALL
 	file accordingly.
 
 	* Cleaned up the output of @who_ls, @who and @whos. @who_ls now
 	sorts its output (so @who shows it sorted) and @whos formats the
 	table according to the width of the first column. Nicer, easier to
 	read. Todo: write a generic table_format() which takes a list of
 	lists and prints it nicely formatted, with optional row/column
 	separators and proper padding and justification. 
 
 	* Released 0.1.20
 
 	* Fixed bug in @log which would reverse the inputcache list (a
 	copy operation was missing).
 
 	* Code cleanup. @config was changed to use page(). Better, since
 	its output is always quite long.
 
 	* Itpl is back as a dependency. I was having too many problems
 	getting the parametric aliases to work reliably, and it's just
 	easier to code weird string operations with it than playing %()s
 	games. It's only ~6k, so I don't think it's too big a deal.
 
 	* Found (and fixed) a very nasty bug with history. !lines weren't
 	getting cached, and the out of sync caches would crash
 	IPython. Fixed it by reorganizing the prefilter/handlers/logger
 	division of labor a bit better. Bug fixed, cleaner structure.
 
 2001-12-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Released 0.1.19
 
 	* Added option -n to @hist to prevent line number printing. Much
 	easier to copy/paste code this way.
 
 	* Created global _il to hold the input list. Allows easy
 	re-execution of blocks of code by slicing it (inspired by Janko's
 	comment on 'macros').
 
 	* Small fixes and doc updates.
 
 	* Rewrote @history function (was @h). Renamed it to @hist, @h is
 	much too fragile with automagic. Handles properly multi-line
 	statements and takes parameters.
 
 2001-11-30  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Version 0.1.18 released.
 
 	* Fixed nasty namespace bug in initial module imports.
 
 	* Added copyright/license notes to all code files (except
 	DPyGetOpt). For the time being, LGPL. That could change.
 
 	* Rewrote a much nicer README, updated INSTALL, cleaned up
 	ipythonrc-* samples.
 
 	* Overall code/documentation cleanup. Basically ready for
 	release. Only remaining thing: licence decision (LGPL?).
 
 	* Converted load_config to a class, ConfigLoader. Now recursion
 	control is better organized. Doesn't include the same file twice.
 
 2001-11-29  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Got input history working. Changed output history variables from
 	_p to _o so that _i is for input and _o for output. Just cleaner
 	convention.
 
 	* Implemented parametric aliases. This pretty much allows the
 	alias system to offer full-blown shell convenience, I think.
 
 	* Version 0.1.17 released, 0.1.18 opened.
 
 	* dot_ipython/ipythonrc (alias): added documentation.
 	(xcolor): Fixed small bug (xcolors -> xcolor)
 
 	* Changed the alias system. Now alias is a magic command to define
 	aliases just like the shell. Rationale: the builtin magics should
 	be there for things deeply connected to IPython's
 	architecture. And this is a much lighter system for what I think
 	is the really important feature: allowing users to define quickly
 	magics that will do shell things for them, so they can customize
 	IPython easily to match their work habits. If someone is really
 	desperate to have another name for a builtin alias, they can
 	always use __IP.magic_newname = __IP.magic_oldname. Hackish but
 	works.
 
 2001-11-28  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Changed @file so that it opens the source file at the proper
 	line. Since it uses less, if your EDITOR environment is
 	configured, typing v will immediately open your editor of choice
 	right at the line where the object is defined. Not as quick as
 	having a direct @edit command, but for all intents and purposes it
 	works. And I don't have to worry about writing @edit to deal with
 	all the editors, less does that.
 
 	* Version 0.1.16 released, 0.1.17 opened.
 
 	* Fixed some nasty bugs in the page/page_dumb combo that could
 	crash IPython.
 
 2001-11-27  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Version 0.1.15 released, 0.1.16 opened.
 
 	* Finally got ? and ?? to work for undefined things: now it's
 	possible to type {}.get? and get information about the get method
 	of dicts, or os.path? even if only os is defined (so technically
 	os.path isn't). Works at any level. For example, after import os,
 	os?, os.path?, os.path.abspath? all work. This is great, took some
 	work in _ofind.
 
 	* Fixed more bugs with logging. The sanest way to do it was to add
 	to @log a 'mode' parameter. Killed two in one shot (this mode
 	option was a request of Janko's). I think it's finally clean
 	(famous last words).
 
 	* Added a page_dumb() pager which does a decent job of paging on
 	screen, if better things (like less) aren't available. One less
 	unix dependency (someday maybe somebody will port this to
 	windows).
 
 	* Fixed problem in magic_log: would lock of logging out if log
 	creation failed (because it would still think it had succeeded).
 
 	* Improved the page() function using curses to auto-detect screen
 	size. Now it can make a much better decision on whether to print
 	or page a string. Option screen_length was modified: a value 0
 	means auto-detect, and that's the default now.
 
 	* Version 0.1.14 released, 0.1.15 opened. I think this is ready to
 	go out. I'll test it for a few days, then talk to Janko about
 	licences and announce it.
 
 	* Fixed the length of the auto-generated ---> prompt which appears
 	for auto-parens and auto-quotes. Getting this right isn't trivial,
 	with all the color escapes, different prompt types and optional
 	separators. But it seems to be working in all the combinations.
 
 2001-11-26  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Wrote a regexp filter to get option types from the option names
 	string. This eliminates the need to manually keep two duplicate
 	lists.
 
 	* Removed the unneeded check_option_names. Now options are handled
 	in a much saner manner and it's easy to visually check that things
 	are ok.
 
 	* Updated version numbers on all files I modified to carry a
 	notice so Janko and Nathan have clear version markers.
 
 	* Updated docstring for ultraTB with my changes. I should send
 	this to Nathan.
 
 	* Lots of small fixes. Ran everything through pychecker again.
 
 	* Made loading of deep_reload an cmd line option. If it's not too
 	kosher, now people can just disable it. With -nodeep_reload it's
 	still available as dreload(), it just won't overwrite reload().
 
 	* Moved many options to the no| form (-opt and -noopt
 	accepted). Cleaner.
 
 	* Changed magic_log so that if called with no parameters, it uses
 	'rotate' mode. That way auto-generated logs aren't automatically
 	over-written. For normal logs, now a backup is made if it exists
 	(only 1 level of backups). A new 'backup' mode was added to the
 	Logger class to support this. This was a request by Janko.
 
 	* Added @logoff/@logon to stop/restart an active log.
 
 	* Fixed a lot of bugs in log saving/replay. It was pretty
 	broken. Now special lines (!@,/) appear properly in the command
 	history after a log replay.
 
 	* Tried and failed to implement full session saving via pickle. My
 	idea was to pickle __main__.__dict__, but modules can't be
 	pickled. This would be a better alternative to replaying logs, but
 	seems quite tricky to get to work. Changed -session to be called
 	-logplay, which more accurately reflects what it does. And if we
 	ever get real session saving working, -session is now available.
 
 	* Implemented color schemes for prompts also. As for tracebacks,
 	currently only NoColor and Linux are supported. But now the
 	infrastructure is in place, based on a generic ColorScheme
 	class. So writing and activating new schemes both for the prompts
 	and the tracebacks should be straightforward.
 
 	* Version 0.1.13 released, 0.1.14 opened.
 
 	* Changed handling of options for output cache. Now counter is
 	hardwired starting at 1 and one specifies the maximum number of
 	entries *in the outcache* (not the max prompt counter). This is
 	much better, since many statements won't increase the cache
 	count. It also eliminated some confusing options, now there's only
 	one: cache_size.
 
 	* Added 'alias' magic function and magic_alias option in the
 	ipythonrc file. Now the user can easily define whatever names he
 	wants for the magic functions without having to play weird
 	namespace games. This gives IPython a real shell-like feel.
 
 	* Fixed doc/?/?? for magics. Now all work, in all forms (explicit
 	@ or not).
 
 	This was one of the last remaining 'visible' bugs (that I know
 	of). I think if I can clean up the session loading so it works
 	100% I'll release a 0.2.0 version on c.p.l (talk to Janko first
 	about licensing).	
 
 2001-11-25  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Rewrote somewhat oinfo (?/??). Nicer, now uses page() and
 	there's a cleaner distinction between what ? and ?? show.
 
 	* Added screen_length option. Now the user can define his own
 	screen size for page() operations.
 
 	* Implemented magic shell-like functions with automatic code
 	generation. Now adding another function is just a matter of adding
 	an entry to a dict, and the function is dynamically generated at
 	run-time. Python has some really cool features!
 
 	* Renamed many options to cleanup conventions a little. Now all
 	are lowercase, and only underscores where needed. Also in the code
 	option name tables are clearer.
 
 	* Changed prompts a little. Now input is 'In [n]:' instead of
 	'In[n]:='. This allows it the numbers to be aligned with the
 	Out[n] numbers, and removes usage of ':=' which doesn't exist in
 	Python (it was a Mathematica thing). The '...' continuation prompt
 	was also changed a little to align better.
 
 	* Fixed bug when flushing output cache. Not all _p<n> variables
 	exist, so their deletion needs to be wrapped in a try:
 
 	* Figured out how to properly use inspect.formatargspec() (it
 	requires the args preceded by *). So I removed all the code from
 	_get_pdef in Magic, which was just replicating that.
 
 	* Added test to prefilter to allow redefining magic function names
 	as variables. This is ok, since the @ form is always available,
 	but whe should allow the user to define a variable called 'ls' if
 	he needs it.
 
 	* Moved the ToDo information from README into a separate ToDo.
 
 	* General code cleanup and small bugfixes. I think it's close to a
 	state where it can be released, obviously with a big 'beta'
 	warning on it.
 
 	* Got the magic function split to work. Now all magics are defined
 	in a separate class. It just organizes things a bit, and now
 	Xemacs behaves nicer (it was choking on InteractiveShell b/c it
 	was too long).
 
 	* Changed @clear to @reset to avoid potential confusions with
 	the shell command clear. Also renamed @cl to @clear, which does
 	exactly what people expect it to from their shell experience.
 
 	Added a check to the @reset command (since it's so
 	destructive, it's probably a good idea to ask for confirmation).
 	But now reset only works for full namespace resetting. Since the
 	del keyword is already there for deleting a few specific
 	variables, I don't see the point of having a redundant magic
 	function for the same task.
 
 2001-11-24  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Updated the builtin docs (esp. the ? ones).
 
 	* Ran all the code through pychecker. Not terribly impressed with
 	it: lots of spurious warnings and didn't really find anything of
 	substance (just a few modules being imported and not used).
 
 	* Implemented the new ultraTB functionality into IPython. New
 	option: xcolors. This chooses color scheme. xmode now only selects
 	between Plain and Verbose. Better orthogonality.
 
 	* Large rewrite of ultraTB. Much cleaner now, with a separation of
 	mode and color scheme for the exception handlers. Now it's
 	possible to have the verbose traceback with no coloring.
 
 2001-11-23  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Version 0.1.12 released, 0.1.13 opened.
 
 	* Removed option to set auto-quote and auto-paren escapes by
 	user. The chances of breaking valid syntax are just too high. If
 	someone *really* wants, they can always dig into the code.
 
 	* Made prompt separators configurable.
 
 2001-11-22  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Small bugfixes in many places.
 
 	* Removed the MyCompleter class from ipplib. It seemed redundant
 	with the C-p,C-n history search functionality. Less code to
 	maintain.
 
 	* Moved all the original ipython.py code into ipythonlib.py. Right
 	now it's just one big dump into a function called make_IPython, so
 	no real modularity has been gained. But at least it makes the
 	wrapper script tiny, and since ipythonlib is a module, it gets
 	compiled and startup is much faster.
 
 	This is a reasobably 'deep' change, so we should test it for a
 	while without messing too much more with the code.
 
 2001-11-21  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Version 0.1.11 released, 0.1.12 opened for further work.
 
 	* Removed dependency on Itpl. It was only needed in one place. It
 	would be nice if this became part of python, though. It makes life
 	*a lot* easier in some cases.
 
 	* Simplified the prefilter code a bit. Now all handlers are
 	expected to explicitly return a value (at least a blank string).
 
 	* Heavy edits in ipplib. Removed the help system altogether. Now
 	obj?/?? is used for inspecting objects, a magic @doc prints
 	docstrings, and full-blown Python help is accessed via the 'help'
 	keyword. This cleans up a lot of code (less to maintain) and does
 	the job. Since 'help' is now a standard Python component, might as
 	well use it and remove duplicate functionality.
 
 	Also removed the option to use ipplib as a standalone program. By
 	now it's too dependent on other parts of IPython to function alone.
 
 	* Fixed bug in genutils.pager. It would crash if the pager was
 	exited immediately after opening (broken pipe).
 
 	* Trimmed down the VerboseTB reporting a little. The header is
 	much shorter now and the repeated exception arguments at the end
 	have been removed. For interactive use the old header seemed a bit
 	excessive.
 
 	* Fixed small bug in output of @whos for variables with multi-word
 	types (only first word was displayed).
 
 2001-11-17  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Version 0.1.10 released, 0.1.11 opened for further work.
 
 	* Modified dirs and friends. dirs now *returns* the stack (not
 	prints), so one can manipulate it as a variable. Convenient to
 	travel along many directories.
 
 	* Fixed bug in magic_pdef: would only work with functions with
 	arguments with default values.
 
 2001-11-14  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Added the PhysicsInput stuff to dot_ipython so it ships as an
 	example with IPython. Various other minor fixes and cleanups.
 
 	* Version 0.1.9 released, 0.1.10 opened for further work.
 
 	* Added sys.path to the list of directories searched in the
 	execfile= option. It used to be the current directory and the
 	user's IPYTHONDIR only.
 
 2001-11-13  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Reinstated the raw_input/prefilter separation that Janko had
 	initially. This gives a more convenient setup for extending the
 	pre-processor from the outside: raw_input always gets a string,
 	and prefilter has to process it. We can then redefine prefilter
 	from the outside and implement extensions for special
 	purposes.
 
 	Today I got one for inputting PhysicalQuantity objects
 	(from Scientific) without needing any function calls at
 	all. Extremely convenient, and it's all done as a user-level
 	extension (no IPython code was touched). Now instead of:
 		a = PhysicalQuantity(4.2,'m/s**2')
 	one can simply say
 		a = 4.2 m/s**2
 	or even
 		a = 4.2 m/s^2
 	
 	I use this, but it's also a proof of concept: IPython really is
 	fully user-extensible, even at the level of the parsing of the
 	command line. It's not trivial, but it's perfectly doable.
 
 	* Added 'add_flip' method to inclusion conflict resolver. Fixes
 	the problem of modules being loaded in the inverse order in which
 	they were defined in 
 
 	* Version 0.1.8 released, 0.1.9 opened for further work.
 
 	* Added magics pdef, source and file. They respectively show the
 	definition line ('prototype' in C), source code and full python
 	file for any callable object. The object inspector oinfo uses
 	these to show the same information.
 
 	* Version 0.1.7 released, 0.1.8 opened for further work.
 
 	* Separated all the magic functions into a class called Magic. The
 	InteractiveShell class was becoming too big for Xemacs to handle
 	(de-indenting a line would lock it up for 10 seconds while it
 	backtracked on the whole class!)
 
 	FIXME: didn't work. It can be done, but right now namespaces are
 	all messed up. Do it later (reverted it for now, so at least
 	everything works as before).
 
 	* Got the object introspection system (magic_oinfo) working! I
 	think this is pretty much ready for release to Janko, so he can
 	test it for a while and then announce it. Pretty much 100% of what
 	I wanted for the 'phase 1' release is ready. Happy, tired.
 
 2001-11-12  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Version 0.1.6 released, 0.1.7 opened for further work.
 
 	* Fixed bug in printing: it used to test for truth before
 	printing, so 0 wouldn't print. Now checks for None.
 
 	* Fixed bug where auto-execs increase the prompt counter by 2 (b/c
 	they have to call len(str(sys.ps1)) ). But the fix is ugly, it
 	reaches by hand into the outputcache. Think of a better way to do
 	this later.
 
 	* Various small fixes thanks to Nathan's comments.
 
 	* Changed magic_pprint to magic_Pprint. This way it doesn't
 	collide with pprint() and the name is consistent with the command
 	line option.
 
 	* Changed prompt counter behavior to be fully like
 	Mathematica's. That is, even input that doesn't return a result
 	raises the prompt counter. The old behavior was kind of confusing
 	(getting the same prompt number several times if the operation
 	didn't return a result).
 
 	* Fixed Nathan's last name in a couple of places (Gray, not Graham).
 
 	* Fixed -Classic mode (wasn't working anymore).
 
 	* Added colored prompts using Nathan's new code. Colors are
 	currently hardwired, they can be user-configurable. For
 	developers, they can be chosen in file ipythonlib.py, at the
 	beginning of the CachedOutput class def.
 
 2001-11-11  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Version 0.1.5 released, 0.1.6 opened for further work.
 
 	* Changed magic_env to *return* the environment as a dict (not to
 	print it). This way it prints, but it can also be processed.
 
 	* Added Verbose exception reporting to interactive
 	exceptions. Very nice, now even 1/0 at the prompt gives a verbose
 	traceback. Had to make some changes to the ultraTB file. This is
 	probably the last 'big' thing in my mental todo list.  This ties
 	in with the next entry:
 
 	* Changed -Xi and -Xf to a single -xmode option. Now all the user
 	has to specify is Plain, Color or Verbose for all exception
 	handling.
 
 	* Removed ShellServices option. All this can really be done via
 	the magic system. It's easier to extend, cleaner and has automatic
 	namespace protection and documentation.
 
 2001-11-09  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Fixed bug in output cache flushing (missing parameter to
 	__init__). Other small bugs fixed (found using pychecker).
 
 	* Version 0.1.4 opened for bugfixing.
 
 2001-11-07  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Version 0.1.3 released, mainly because of the raw_input bug.
 
 	* Fixed NASTY bug in raw_input: input line wasn't properly parsed
 	and when testing for whether things were callable, a call could
 	actually be made to certain functions. They would get called again
 	once 'really' executed, with a resulting double call. A disaster
 	in many cases (list.reverse() would never work!).
 
 	* Removed prefilter() function, moved its code to raw_input (which
 	after all was just a near-empty caller for prefilter). This saves
 	a function call on every prompt, and simplifies the class a tiny bit.
 
 	* Fix _ip to __ip name in magic example file.
 
 	* Changed 'tar -x -f' to 'tar xvf' in auto-installer. This should
 	work with non-gnu versions of tar.
 
 2001-11-06  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Version 0.1.2. Just to keep track of the recent changes.
 
 	* Fixed nasty bug in output prompt routine. It used to check 'if
 	arg != None...'. Problem is, this fails if arg implements a
 	special comparison (__cmp__) which disallows comparing to
 	None. Found it when trying to use the PhysicalQuantity module from
 	ScientificPython.
 
 2001-11-05  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Also added dirs. Now the pushd/popd/dirs family functions
 	basically like the shell, with the added convenience of going home
 	when called with no args.
 
 	* pushd/popd slightly modified to mimic shell behavior more
 	closely.
 
 	* Added env,pushd,popd from ShellServices as magic functions. I
 	think the cleanest will be to port all desired functions from
 	ShellServices as magics and remove ShellServices altogether. This
 	will provide a single, clean way of adding functionality
 	(shell-type or otherwise) to IP.
 
 2001-11-04  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Added .ipython/ directory to sys.path. This way users can keep
 	customizations there and access them via import.
 
 2001-11-03  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Opened version 0.1.1 for new changes.
 
 	* Changed version number to 0.1.0: first 'public' release, sent to
 	Nathan and Janko.
 
 	* Lots of small fixes and tweaks.
 
 	* Minor changes to whos format. Now strings are shown, snipped if
 	too long.
 
 	* Changed ShellServices to work on __main__ so they show up in @who
 
 	* Help also works with ? at the end of a line:
 		?sin and sin?
 	both produce the same effect. This is nice, as often I use the
 	tab-complete to find the name of a method, but I used to then have
 	to go to the beginning of the line to put a ? if I wanted more
 	info. Now I can just add the ? and hit return. Convenient.
 
 2001-11-02  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Python version check (>=2.1) added.
 
 	* Added LazyPython documentation. At this point the docs are quite
 	a mess. A cleanup is in order.
 
 	* Auto-installer created. For some bizarre reason, the zipfiles
 	module isn't working on my system. So I made a tar version
 	(hopefully the command line options in various systems won't kill
 	me).
 
 	* Fixes to Struct in genutils. Now all dictionary-like methods are
 	protected (reasonably).
 
 	* Added pager function to genutils and changed ? to print usage
 	note through it (it was too long).
 
 	* Added the LazyPython functionality. Works great! I changed the
 	auto-quote escape to ';', it's on home row and next to '. But
 	both auto-quote and auto-paren (still /) escapes are command-line
 	parameters.
 	
 
 2001-11-01  Fernando Perez  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* Version changed to 0.0.7. Fairly large change: configuration now
 	is all stored in a directory, by default .ipython. There, all
 	config files have normal looking names (not .names)
 
 	* Version 0.0.6 Released first to Lucas and Archie as a test
 	run. Since it's the first 'semi-public' release, change version to
 	> 0.0.6 for any changes now.
 
 	* Stuff I had put in the ipplib.py changelog:
 	
 	Changes to InteractiveShell:
 	
 	- Made the usage message a parameter.
 	
 	- Require the name of the shell variable to be given. It's a bit
 	of a hack, but allows the name 'shell' not to be hardwired in the
 	magic (@) handler, which is problematic b/c it requires
 	polluting the global namespace with 'shell'. This in turn is
 	fragile: if a user redefines a variable called shell, things
 	break.
 
 	- magic @: all functions available through @ need to be defined
 	as magic_<name>, even though they can be called simply as
 	@<name>. This allows the special command @magic to gather
 	information automatically about all existing magic functions,
 	even if they are run-time user extensions, by parsing the shell
 	instance __dict__ looking for special magic_ names.
 
 	- mainloop: added *two* local namespace parameters. This allows
 	the class to differentiate between parameters which were there
 	before and after command line initialization was processed. This
 	way, later @who can show things loaded at startup by the
 	user. This trick was necessary to make session saving/reloading
 	really work: ideally after saving/exiting/reloading a session,
 	*everything* should look the same, including the output of @who. I
 	was only able to make this work with this double namespace
 	trick.
 
 	- added a header to the logfile which allows (almost) full
 	session restoring.
 
 	- prepend lines beginning with @ or !, with a and log
 	them. Why?  !lines: may be useful to know what you did @lines:
 	they may affect session state. So when restoring a session, at
 	least inform the user of their presence. I couldn't quite get
 	them to properly re-execute, but at least the user is warned.
 
 	* Started ChangeLog.

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 \begin_body
 
 \begin_layout Title
 IPython
 \newline
 
 \size larger
 An enhanced Interactive Python
 \size large
 
 \newline
 User Manual, v.
  __version__
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Author
 Fernando P�rez
 \begin_inset Foot
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \size scriptsize
 Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado at Boulder.
  
 \family typewriter
 <[e-mail]>
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 \begin_layout Section
 Overview
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 One of Python's most useful features is its interactive interpreter.
  This system allows very fast testing of ideas without the overhead of creating
  test files as is typical in most programming languages.
  However, the interpreter supplied with the standard Python distribution
  is somewhat limited for extended interactive use.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython is a free software project (released under the BSD license) which
  tries to:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 Provide an interactive shell superior to Python's default.
  IPython has many features for object introspection, system shell access,
  and its own special command system for adding functionality when working
  interactively.
  It tries to be a very efficient environment both for Python code development
  and for exploration of problems using Python objects (in situations like
  data analysis).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 Serve as an embeddable, ready to use interpreter for your own programs.
  IPython can be started with a single call from inside another program,
  providing access to the current namespace.
  This can be very useful both for debugging purposes and for situations
  where a blend of batch-processing and interactive exploration are needed.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 Offer a flexible framework which can be used as the base environment for
  other systems with Python as the underlying language.
  Specifically scientific environments like Mathematica, IDL and Matlab inspired
  its design, but similar ideas can be useful in many fields.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 Allow interactive testing of threaded graphical toolkits.
  IPython has support for interactive, non-blocking control of GTK, Qt and
  WX applications via special threading flags.
  The normal Python shell can only do this for Tkinter applications.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Main features
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Dynamic object introspection.
  One can access docstrings, function definition prototypes, source code,
  source files and other details of any object accessible to the interpreter
  with a single keystroke (`
 \family typewriter
 ?
 \family default
 ', and using `
 \family typewriter
 ??
 \family default
 ' provides additional detail).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Searching through modules and namespaces with `
 \family typewriter
 *
 \family default
 ' wildcards, both when using the `
 \family typewriter
 ?
 \family default
 ' system and via the 
 \family typewriter
 %psearch
 \family default
  command.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Completion in the local namespace, by typing TAB at the prompt.
  This works for keywords, methods, variables and files in the current directory.
  This is supported via the readline library, and full access to configuring
  readline's behavior is provided.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Numbered input/output prompts with command history (persistent across sessions
  and tied to each profile), full searching in this history and caching of
  all input and output.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 User-extensible `magic' commands.
  A set of commands prefixed with 
 \family typewriter
 %
 \family default
  is available for controlling IPython itself and provides directory control,
  namespace information and many aliases to common system shell commands.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Alias facility for defining your own system aliases.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Complete system shell access.
  Lines starting with ! are passed directly to the system shell, and using
  !! captures shell output into python variables for further use.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Background execution of Python commands in a separate thread.
  IPython has an internal job manager called 
 \family typewriter
 jobs
 \family default
 , and a conveninence backgrounding magic function called 
 \family typewriter
 %bg
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 The ability to expand python variables when calling the system shell.
  In a shell command, any python variable prefixed with 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
  is expanded.
  A double 
 \family typewriter
 $$
 \family default
  allows passing a literal 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
  to the shell (for access to shell and environment variables like 
 \family typewriter
 $PATH
 \family default
 ).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Filesystem navigation, via a magic 
 \family typewriter
 %cd
 \family default
  command, along with a persistent bookmark system (using 
 \family typewriter
 %bookmark
 \family default
 ) for fast access to frequently visited directories.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 A lightweight persistence framework via the 
 \family typewriter
 %store
 \family default
  command, which allows you to save arbitrary Python variables.
  These get restored automatically when your session restarts.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Automatic indentation (optional) of code as you type (through the readline
  library).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Macro system for quickly re-executing multiple lines of previous input with
  a single name.
  Macros can be stored persistently via 
 \family typewriter
 %store
 \family default
  and edited via 
 \family typewriter
 %edit
 \family default
 .
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Session logging (you can then later use these logs as code in your programs).
  Logs can optionally timestamp all input, and also store session output
  (marked as comments, so the log remains valid Python source code).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Session restoring: logs can be replayed to restore a previous session to
  the state where you left it.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Verbose and colored exception traceback printouts.
  Easier to parse visually, and in verbose mode they produce a lot of useful
  debugging information (basically a terminal version of the cgitb module).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Auto-parentheses: callable objects can be executed without parentheses:
  
 \family typewriter
 `sin 3'
 \family default
  is automatically converted to 
 \family typewriter
 `sin(3)
 \family default
 '.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Auto-quoting: using `
 \family typewriter
 ,
 \family default
 ' or `
 \family typewriter
 ;
 \family default
 ' as the first character forces auto-quoting of the rest of the line: 
 \family typewriter
 `,my_function a\InsetSpace ~
 b'
 \family default
  becomes automatically 
 \family typewriter
 `my_function("a","b")'
 \family default
 , while 
 \family typewriter
 `;my_function a\InsetSpace ~
 b'
 \family default
  becomes 
 \family typewriter
 `my_function("a b")'
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Extensible input syntax.
  You can define filters that pre-process user input to simplify input in
  special situations.
  This allows for example pasting multi-line code fragments which start with
  
 \family typewriter
 `>>>'
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 `...'
 \family default
  such as those from other python sessions or the standard Python documentation.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Flexible configuration system.
  It uses a configuration file which allows permanent setting of all command-line
  options, module loading, code and file execution.
  The system allows recursive file inclusion, so you can have a base file
  with defaults and layers which load other customizations for particular
  projects.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Embeddable.
  You can call IPython as a python shell inside your own python programs.
  This can be used both for debugging code or for providing interactive abilities
  to your programs with knowledge about the local namespaces (very useful
  in debugging and data analysis situations).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Easy debugger access.
  You can set IPython to call up an enhanced version of the Python debugger
  (
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
 ) every time there is an uncaught exception.
  This drops you inside the code which triggered the exception with all the
  data live and it is possible to navigate the stack to rapidly isolate the
  source of a bug.
  The 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  magic command --with the 
 \family typewriter
 -d
 \family default
  option-- can run any script under 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
 's control, automatically setting initial breakpoints for you.
  This version of 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
  has IPython-specific improvements, including tab-completion and traceback
  coloring support.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Profiler support.
  You can run single statements (similar to 
 \family typewriter
 profile.run()
 \family default
 ) or complete programs under the profiler's control.
  While this is possible with standard 
 \family typewriter
 cProfile
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 profile
 \family default
  modules, IPython wraps this functionality with magic commands (see 
 \family typewriter
 `%prun'
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 `%run -p
 \family default
 ') convenient for rapid interactive work.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Portability and Python requirements
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \series bold
 Python requirements: 
 \series default
 IPython requires with Python version 2.3 or newer.
  If you are still using Python 2.2 and can not upgrade, the last version
  of IPython which worked with Python 2.2 was 0.6.15, so you will have to use
  that.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython is developed under 
 \series bold
 Linux
 \series default
 , but it should work in any reasonable Unix-type system (tested OK under
  Solaris and the *BSD family, for which a port exists thanks to Dryice Liu).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \series bold
 Mac OS X
 \series default
 : it works, apparently without any problems (thanks to Jim Boyle at Lawrence
  Livermore for the information).
  Thanks to Andrea Riciputi, Fink support is available.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \series bold
 CygWin
 \series default
 : it works mostly OK, though some users have reported problems with prompt
  coloring.
  No satisfactory solution to this has been found so far, you may want to
  disable colors permanently in the 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  configuration file if you experience problems.
  If you have proper color support under cygwin, please post to the IPython
  mailing list so this issue can be resolved for all users.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \series bold
 Windows
 \series default
 : it works well under Windows XP/2k, and I suspect NT should behave similarly.
  Section\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Under-Windows}
 
 \end_inset
 
  describes installation details for Windows, including some additional tools
  needed on this platform.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Windows 9x support is present, and has been reported to work fine (at least
  on WinME).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Note, that I have very little access to and experience with Windows development.
  However, an excellent group of Win32 users (led by Ville Vainio), consistently
  contribute bugfixes and platform-specific enhancements, so they more than
  make up for my deficiencies on that front.
  In fact, Win32 users report using IPython as a system shell (see Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:IPython-as-shell}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for details), as it offers a level of control and features which the default
  
 \family typewriter
 cmd.exe
 \family default
  doesn't provide.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Location
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython is generously hosted at 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://ipython.scipy.org}
 
 \end_inset
 
  by the Enthought, Inc and the SciPy project.
  This site offers downloads, subversion access, mailing lists and a bug
  tracking system.
  I am very grateful to Enthought (
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://www.enthought.com}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ) and all of the SciPy team for their contribution.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:install}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Installation
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Instant instructions
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you are of the impatient kind, under Linux/Unix simply untar/unzip the
  download, then install with 
 \family typewriter
 `python setup.py install'
 \family default
 .
  Under Windows, double-click on the provided 
 \family typewriter
 .exe
 \family default
  binary installer.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Then, take a look at Sections 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:good_config}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for configuring things optimally and 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:quick_tips}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for quick tips on efficient use of IPython.
  You can later refer to the rest of the manual for all the gory details.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 See the notes in sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:upgrade}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for upgrading IPython versions.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Detailed Unix instructions (Linux, Mac OS X, etc.)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 For RPM based systems, simply install the supplied package in the usual
  manner.
  If you download the tar archive, the process is:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 Unzip/untar the 
 \family typewriter
 ipython-XXX.tar.gz
 \family default
  file wherever you want (
 \family typewriter
 XXX
 \family default
  is the version number).
  It will make a directory called 
 \family typewriter
 ipython-XXX.
  
 \family default
 Change into that directory where you will find the files 
 \family typewriter
 README
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 setup.py
 \family default
 .
 
 \family typewriter
  O
 \family default
 nce you've completed the installation, you can safely remove this directory.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 If you are installing over a previous installation of version 0.2.0 or earlier,
  first remove your 
 \family typewriter
 $HOME/.ipython
 \family default
  directory, since the configuration file format has changed somewhat (the
  '=' were removed from all option specifications).
  Or you can call ipython with the 
 \family typewriter
 -upgrade
 \family default
  option and it will do this automatically for you.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 IPython uses distutils, so you can install it by simply typing at the system
  prompt (don't type the 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
 )
 \newline
 
 \family typewriter
 $ python setup.py install
 \family default
 
 \newline
 Note that this assumes you have root access to your machine.
  If you don't have root access or don't want IPython to go in the default
  python directories, you'll need to use the 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 verb|--home|
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
  option (or 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 verb|--prefix|
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 ).
  For example:
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 verb|$ python setup.py install --home $HOME/local|
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \newline
 will install IPython into 
 \family typewriter
 $HOME/local 
 \family default
 and its subdirectories (creating them if necessary).
 \newline
 You can type
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 verb|$ python setup.py --help|
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
  
 \newline
 for more details.
 \newline
 Note that if you change the default location for 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 verb|--home|
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
  at installation, IPython may end up installed at a location which is not
  part of your 
 \family typewriter
 $PYTHONPATH
 \family default
  environment variable.
  In this case, you'll need to configure this variable to include the actual
  directory where the 
 \family typewriter
 IPython/
 \family default
  directory ended (typically the value you give to 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 verb|--home|
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
  plus 
 \family typewriter
 /lib/python
 \family default
 ).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Mac OSX information
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Under OSX, there is a choice you need to make.
  Apple ships its own build of Python, which lives in the core OSX filesystem
  hierarchy.
  You can also manually install a separate Python, either purely by hand
  (typically in 
 \family typewriter
 /usr/local
 \family default
 ) or by using Fink, which puts everything under 
 \family typewriter
 /sw
 \family default
 .
  Which route to follow is a matter of personal preference, as I've seen
  users who favor each of the approaches.
  Here I will simply list the known installation issues under OSX, along
  with their solutions.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This page: 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://geosci.uchicago.edu/~tobis/pylab.html}
 
 \end_inset
 
  contains information on this topic, with additional details on how to make
  IPython and matplotlib play nicely under OSX.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
 GUI problems
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following instructions apply to an install of IPython under OSX from
  unpacking the 
 \family typewriter
 .tar.gz
 \family default
  distribution and installing it for the default Python interpreter shipped
  by Apple.
  If you are using a fink install, fink will take care of these details for
  you, by installing IPython against fink's Python.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython offers various forms of support for interacting with graphical applicati
 ons from the command line, from simple Tk apps (which are in principle always
  supported by Python) to interactive control of WX, Qt and GTK apps.
  Under OSX, however, this requires that ipython is installed by calling
  the special 
 \family typewriter
 pythonw
 \family default
  script at installation time, which takes care of coordinating things with
  Apple's graphical environment.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 So when installing under OSX, it is best to use the following command:
 \family typewriter
 
 \newline
 
 \family default
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 verb|  $ sudo pythonw setup.py install --install-scripts=/usr/local/bin|
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \newline
  or
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 verb|  $ sudo pythonw setup.py install --install-scripts=/usr/bin|
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \newline
 depending on where you like to keep hand-installed executables.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The resulting script will have an appropriate shebang line (the first line
  in the script whic begins with 
 \family typewriter
 #!...
 \family default
 ) such that the ipython interpreter can interact with the OS X GUI.
  If the installed version does not work and has a shebang line that points
  to, for example, just 
 \family typewriter
 /usr/bin/python
 \family default
 , then you might have a stale, cached version in your 
 \family typewriter
 build/scripts-<python-version>
 \family default
  directory.
  Delete that directory and rerun the 
 \family typewriter
 setup.py
 \family default
 .
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 It is also a good idea to use the special flag 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 verb|--install-scripts|
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
  as indicated above, to ensure that the ipython scripts end up in a location
  which is part of your 
 \family typewriter
 $PATH
 \family default
 .
  Otherwise Apple's Python will put the scripts in an internal directory
  not available by default at the command line (if you use 
 \family typewriter
 /usr/local/bin
 \family default
 , you need to make sure this is in your 
 \family typewriter
 $PATH
 \family default
 , which may not be true by default).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
 Readline problems
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 By default, the Python version shipped by Apple does 
 \emph on
 not
 \emph default
  include the readline library, so central to IPython's behavior.
  If you install IPython against Apple's Python, you will not have arrow
  keys, tab completion, etc.
  For Mac OSX 10.3 (Panther), you can find a prebuilt readline library here:
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://pythonmac.org/packages/readline-5.0-py2.3-macosx10.3.zip}
 
 \end_inset
 
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you are using OSX 10.4 (Tiger), after installing this package you need
  to either: 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 move 
 \family typewriter
 readline.so
 \family default
  from 
 \family typewriter
 /Library/Python/2.3
 \family default
  to 
 \family typewriter
 /Library/Python/2.3/site-packages
 \family default
 , or
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 install 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://pythonmac.org/packages/TigerPython23Compat.pkg.zip}
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Users installing against Fink's Python or a properly hand-built one should
  not have this problem.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
 DarwinPorts
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 I report here a message from an OSX user, who suggests an alternative means
  of using IPython under this operating system with good results.
  Please let me know of any updates that may be useful for this section.
  His message is reproduced verbatim below:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 From: Markus Banfi 
 \family typewriter
 <markus.banfi-AT-mospheira.net>
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 As a MacOS X (10.4.2) user I prefer to install software using DawinPorts instead
  of Fink.
  I had no problems installing ipython with DarwinPorts.
  It's just:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 
 \family typewriter
 sudo port install py-ipython
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 It automatically resolved all dependencies (python24, readline, py-readline).
  So far I did not encounter any problems with the DarwinPorts port of ipython.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Under-Windows}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Windows instructions
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Some of IPython's very useful features are:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Integrated readline support (Tab-based file, object and attribute completion,
  input history across sessions, editable command line, etc.)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Coloring of prompts, code and tracebacks.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 These, by default, are only available under Unix-like operating systems.
  However, thanks to Gary Bishop's work, Windows XP/2k users can also benefit
  from them.
  His readline library originally implemented both GNU readline functionality
  and color support, so that IPython under Windows XP/2k can be as friendly
  and powerful as under Unix-like environments.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This library, now named 
 \family typewriter
 PyReadline
 \family default
 , has been absorbed by the IPython team (J�rgen Stenarson, in particular),
  and it continues to be developed with new features, as well as being distribute
 d directly from the IPython site.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The
 \family typewriter
  PyReadline
 \family default
  extension requires 
 \family typewriter
 CTypes
 \family default
  and the windows IPython installer needs 
 \family typewriter
 PyWin32
 \family default
 , so in all you need:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 
 \family typewriter
 PyWin32
 \family default
  from 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 
 \family typewriter
 PyReadline
 \family default
  for Windows from 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://ipython.scipy.org/moin/PyReadline/Intro}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
  That page contains further details on using and configuring the system
  to your liking.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 Finally, 
 \emph on
 only 
 \emph default
 if you are using Python 2.3 or 2.4, you need 
 \family typewriter
 CTypes
 \family default
  from 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/ctypes}
 
 \end_inset
 
  (you 
 \emph on
 must
 \emph default
  use version 0.9.1 or newer).
  This package is included in Python 2.5, so you don't need to manually get
  it if your Python version is 2.5 or newer.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \series bold
 Warning about a broken readline-like library:
 \series default
  several users have reported problems stemming from using the pseudo-readline
  library at 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://newcenturycomputers.net/projects/readline.html}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
  This is a broken library which, while called readline, only implements
  an incomplete subset of the readline API.
  Since it is still called readline, it fools IPython's detection mechanisms
  and causes unpredictable crashes later.
  If you wish to use IPython under Windows, you must NOT use this library,
  which for all purposes is (at least as of version 1.6) terminally broken.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Installation procedure
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Once you have the above installed, from the IPython download directory grab
  the 
 \family typewriter
 ipython-XXX.win32.exe
 \family default
  file, where 
 \family typewriter
 XXX
 \family default
  represents the version number.
  This is a regular windows executable installer, which you can simply double-cli
 ck to install.
  It will add an entry for IPython to your Start Menu, as well as registering
  IPython in the Windows list of applications, so you can later uninstall
  it from the Control Panel.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython tries to install the configuration information in a directory named
  
 \family typewriter
 .ipython
 \family default
  (
 \family typewriter
 _ipython
 \family default
  under Windows) located in your `home' directory.
  IPython sets this directory by looking for a 
 \family typewriter
 HOME
 \family default
  environment variable; if such a variable does not exist, it uses 
 \family typewriter
 HOMEDRIVE
 \backslash
 HOMEPATH 
 \family default
 (these are always defined by Windows).
  This typically gives something like 
 \family typewriter
 C:
 \backslash
 Documents and Settings
 \backslash
 YourUserName
 \family default
 , but your local details may vary.
  In this directory you will find all the files that configure IPython's
  defaults, and you can put there your profiles and extensions.
  This directory is automatically added by IPython to 
 \family typewriter
 sys.path
 \family default
 , so anything you place there can be found by 
 \family typewriter
 import
 \family default
  statements.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Paragraph
 Upgrading
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 For an IPython upgrade, you should first uninstall the previous version.
  This will ensure that all files and directories (such as the documentation)
  which carry embedded version strings in their names are properly removed.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Paragraph
 Manual installation under Win32
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 In case the automatic installer does not work for some reason, you can download
  the 
 \family typewriter
 ipython-XXX.tar.gz
 \family default
  file, which contains the full IPython source distribution (the popular
  WinZip can read 
 \family typewriter
 .tar.gz
 \family default
  files).
  After uncompressing the archive, you can install it at a command terminal
  just like any other Python module, by using 
 \family typewriter
 `python setup.py install'
 \family default
 .
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 After the installation, run the supplied 
 \family typewriter
 win32_manual_post_install.py 
 \family default
 script, which creates the necessary Start Menu shortcuts for you.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:upgrade}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Upgrading from a previous version
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you are upgrading from a previous version of IPython, after doing the
  routine installation described above, you should call IPython with the
  
 \family typewriter
 -upgrade
 \family default
  option the first time you run your new copy.
  This will automatically update your configuration directory while preserving
  copies of your old files.
  You can then later merge back any personal customizations you may have
  made into the new files.
  It is a good idea to do this as there may be new options available in the
  new configuration files which you will not have.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Under Windows, if you don't know how to call python scripts with arguments
  from a command line, simply delete the old config directory and IPython
  will make a new one.
  Win2k and WinXP users will find it in 
 \family typewriter
 C:
 \backslash
 Documents and Settings
 \backslash
 YourUserName
 \backslash
 _ipython
 \family default
 , and Win 9x users under 
 \family typewriter
 C:
 \backslash
 Program Files
 \backslash
 IPython
 \backslash
 _ipython.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:good_config}
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \begin_inset OptArg
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Initial configuration
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 ldots
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 Initial configuration of your environment
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This section will help you set various things in your environment for your
  IPython sessions to be as efficient as possible.
  All of IPython's configuration information, along with several example
  files, is stored in a directory named by default 
 \family typewriter
 $HOME/.ipython
 \family default
 .
  You can change this by defining the environment variable 
 \family typewriter
 IPYTHONDIR
 \family default
 , or at runtime with the command line option 
 \family typewriter
 -ipythondir
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If all goes well, the first time you run IPython it should automatically
  create a user copy of the config directory for you, based on its builtin
  defaults.
  You can look at the files it creates to learn more about configuring the
  system.
  The main file you will modify to configure IPython's behavior is called
  
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  (with a 
 \family typewriter
 .ini
 \family default
  extension under Windows), included for reference in Sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:ipytonrc-sample}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
  This file is very commented and has many variables you can change to suit
  your taste, you can find more details in Sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:customization}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
  Here we discuss the basic things you will want to make sure things are
  working properly from the beginning.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:help-access}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Access to the Python help system
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This is true for Python in general (not just for IPython): you should have
  an environment variable called 
 \family typewriter
 PYTHONDOCS
 \family default
  pointing to the directory where your HTML Python documentation lives.
  In my system it's 
 \family typewriter
 /usr/share/doc/python-docs-2.3.4/html
 \family default
 , check your local details or ask your systems administrator.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This is the directory which holds the HTML version of the Python manuals.
  Unfortunately it seems that different Linux distributions package these
  files differently, so you may have to look around a bit.
  Below I show the contents of this directory on my system for reference:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 [html]> ls
 \newline
 about.dat acks.html dist/ ext/ index.html lib/ modindex.html stdabout.dat
  tut/ about.html api/ doc/ icons/ inst/ mac/ ref/ style.css
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You should really make sure this variable is correctly set so that Python's
  pydoc-based help system works.
  It is a powerful and convenient system with full access to the Python manuals
  and all modules accessible to you.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Under Windows it seems that pydoc finds the documentation automatically,
  so no extra setup appears necessary.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Editor
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 %edit
 \family default
  command (and its alias 
 \family typewriter
 %ed
 \family default
 ) will invoke the editor set in your environment as 
 \family typewriter
 EDITOR
 \family default
 .
  If this variable is not set, it will default to 
 \family typewriter
 vi
 \family default
  under Linux/Unix and to 
 \family typewriter
 notepad
 \family default
  under Windows.
  You may want to set this variable properly and to a lightweight editor
  which doesn't take too long to start (that is, something other than a new
  instance of 
 \family typewriter
 Emacs
 \family default
 ).
  This way you can edit multi-line code quickly and with the power of a real
  editor right inside IPython.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you are a dedicated 
 \family typewriter
 Emacs
 \family default
  user, you should set up the 
 \family typewriter
 Emacs
 \family default
  server so that new requests are handled by the original process.
  This means that almost no time is spent in handling the request (assuming
  an 
 \family typewriter
 Emacs
 \family default
  process is already running).
  For this to work, you need to set your 
 \family typewriter
 EDITOR 
 \family default
 environment variable to 
 \family typewriter
 'emacsclient'
 \family default
 .
 
 \family typewriter
  
 \family default
 The code below, supplied by Francois Pinard, can then be used in your 
 \family typewriter
 .emacs
 \family default
  file to enable the server:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 (defvar server-buffer-clients)
 \newline
 (when (and (fboundp 'server-start) (string-equal
  (getenv "TERM") 'xterm))
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 (server-start)
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 (defun fp-kill-server-with-buffer-routine ()
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 (and server-buffer-clients (server-done)))
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 (add-hook 'kill-buffer-hook 'fp-kill-server-with-buffer-routine))
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can also set the value of this editor via the commmand-line option '-
 \family typewriter
 editor'
 \family default
  or in your 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  file.
  This is useful if you wish to use specifically for IPython an editor different
  from your typical default (and for Windows users who tend to use fewer
  environment variables).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Color 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The default IPython configuration has most bells and whistles turned on
  (they're pretty safe).
  But there's one that 
 \emph on
 may
 \emph default
  cause problems on some systems: the use of color on screen for displaying
  information.
  This is very useful, since IPython can show prompts and exception tracebacks
  with various colors, display syntax-highlighted source code, and in general
  make it easier to visually parse information.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following terminals seem to handle the color sequences fine:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Linux main text console, KDE Konsole, Gnome Terminal, E-term, rxvt, xterm.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 CDE terminal (tested under Solaris).
  This one boldfaces light colors.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 (X)Emacs buffers.
  See sec.
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:emacs}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more details on using IPython with (X)Emacs.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 A Windows (XP/2k) command prompt 
 \emph on
 with Gary Bishop's support extensions
 \emph default
 .
  Gary's extensions are discussed in Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Under-Windows}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 A Windows (XP/2k) CygWin shell.
  Although some users have reported problems; it is not clear whether there
  is an issue for everyone or only under specific configurations.
  If you have full color support under cygwin, please post to the IPython
  mailing list so this issue can be resolved for all users.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 These have shown problems:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Windows command prompt in WinXP/2k logged into a Linux machine via telnet
  or ssh.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Windows native command prompt in WinXP/2k, 
 \emph on
 without 
 \emph default
 Gary Bishop's extensions.
  Once Gary's readline library is installed, the normal WinXP/2k command
  prompt works perfectly.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Currently the following color schemes are available:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 
 \family typewriter
 NoColor
 \family default
 : uses no color escapes at all (all escapes are empty 
 \begin_inset Quotes eld
 \end_inset
 
  
 \begin_inset Quotes eld
 \end_inset
 
  strings).
  This 'scheme' is thus fully safe to use in any terminal.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 
 \family typewriter
 Linux
 \family default
 : works well in Linux console type environments: dark background with light
  fonts.
  It uses bright colors for information, so it is difficult to read if you
  have a light colored background.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 
 \family typewriter
 LightBG
 \family default
 : the basic colors are similar to those in the 
 \family typewriter
 Linux
 \family default
  scheme but darker.
  It is easy to read in terminals with light backgrounds.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython uses colors for two main groups of things: prompts and tracebacks
  which are directly printed to the terminal, and the object introspection
  system which passes large sets of data through a pager.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Input/Output prompts and exception tracebacks
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can test whether the colored prompts and tracebacks work on your system
  interactively by typing 
 \family typewriter
 '%colors Linux'
 \family default
  at the prompt (use '
 \family typewriter
 %colors LightBG'
 \family default
  if your terminal has a light background).
  If the input prompt shows garbage like:
 \newline
 
 \family typewriter
 [0;32mIn [[1;32m1[0;32m]: [0;00m
 \family default
 
 \newline
 instead of (in color) something like:
 \newline
 
 \family typewriter
 In [1]:
 \family default
  
 \newline
 this means that your terminal doesn't properly handle color escape sequences.
  You can go to a 'no color' mode by typing '
 \family typewriter
 %colors NoColor
 \family default
 '.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can try using a different terminal emulator program (Emacs users, see
  below).
  To permanently set your color preferences, edit the file
 \family typewriter
  $HOME/.ipython/ipythonrc 
 \family default
 and set the 
 \family typewriter
 colors
 \family default
  option to the desired value.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Object details (types, docstrings, source code, etc.)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython has a set of special functions for studying the objects you are
  working with, discussed in detail in Sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:dyn-object-info}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
  But this system relies on passing information which is longer than your
  screen through a data pager, such as the common Unix 
 \family typewriter
 less
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 more
 \family default
  programs.
  In order to be able to see this information in color, your pager needs
  to be properly configured.
  I strongly recommend using 
 \family typewriter
 less
 \family default
  instead of 
 \family typewriter
 more
 \family default
 , as it seems that 
 \family typewriter
 more
 \family default
  simply can not understand colored text correctly.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 In order to configure 
 \family typewriter
 less
 \family default
  as your default pager, do the following:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 Set the environment 
 \family typewriter
 PAGER
 \family default
  variable to 
 \family typewriter
 less
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 Set the environment 
 \family typewriter
 LESS
 \family default
  variable to 
 \family typewriter
 -r
 \family default
  (plus any other options you always want to pass to 
 \family typewriter
 less
 \family default
  by default).
  This tells 
 \family typewriter
 less
 \family default
  to properly interpret control sequences, which is how color information
  is given to your terminal.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 For the 
 \family typewriter
 csh
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 tcsh
 \family default
  shells, add to your 
 \family typewriter
 ~/.cshrc
 \family default
  file the lines:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 setenv PAGER less
 \newline
 setenv LESS -r
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 There is similar syntax for other Unix shells, look at your system documentation
  for details.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you are on a system which lacks proper data pagers (such as Windows),
  IPython will use a very limited builtin pager.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:emacs}
 
 \end_inset
 
 (X)Emacs configuration
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Thanks to the work of Alexander Schmolck and Prabhu Ramachandran, currently
  (X)Emacs and IPython get along very well.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \series bold
 Important note:
 \series default
  You will need to use a recent enough version of 
 \family typewriter
 python-mode.el
 \family default
 , along with the file 
 \family typewriter
 ipython.el
 \family default
 .
  You can check that the version you have of 
 \family typewriter
 python-mode.el
 \family default
  is new enough by either looking at the revision number in the file itself,
  or asking for it in (X)Emacs via 
 \family typewriter
 M-x py-version
 \family default
 .
  Versions 4.68 and newer contain the necessary fixes for proper IPython support.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The file 
 \family typewriter
 ipython.el
 \family default
  is included with the IPython distribution, in the documentation directory
  (where this manual resides in PDF and HTML formats).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Once you put these files in your Emacs path, all you need in your 
 \family typewriter
 .emacs
 \family default
  file is:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 (require 'ipython)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This should give you full support for executing code snippets via IPython,
  opening IPython as your Python shell via 
 \family typewriter
 C-c\InsetSpace ~
 !
 \family default
 , etc.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you happen to get garbage instead of colored prompts as described in
  the previous section, you may need to set also in your 
 \family typewriter
 .emacs
 \family default
  file:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 (setq ansi-color-for-comint-mode t)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
 Notes
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 There is one caveat you should be aware of: you must start the IPython shell
  
 \emph on
 before
 \emph default
  attempting to execute any code regions via 
 \family typewriter
 C-c\InsetSpace ~
 |
 \family default
 .
  Simply type 
 \family typewriter
 C-c\InsetSpace ~
 !
 \family default
  to start IPython before passing any code regions to the interpreter, and
  you shouldn't experience any problems.
 \newline
 This is due to a bug in Python itself,
  which has been fixed for Python 2.3, but exists as of Python 2.2.2 (reported
  as SF bug [ 737947 ]).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 The (X)Emacs support is maintained by Alexander Schmolck, so all comments/reques
 ts should be directed to him through the IPython mailing lists.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 This code is still somewhat experimental so it's a bit rough around the
  edges (although in practice, it works quite well).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Be aware that if you customize 
 \family typewriter
 py-python-command
 \family default
  previously, this value will override what 
 \family typewriter
 ipython.el
 \family default
  does (because loading the customization variables comes later).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:quick_tips}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Quick tips
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython can be used as an improved replacement for the Python prompt, and
  for that you don't really need to read any more of this manual.
  But in this section we'll try to summarize a few tips on how to make the
  most effective use of it for everyday Python development, highlighting
  things you might miss in the rest of the manual (which is getting long).
  We'll give references to parts in the manual which provide more detail
  when appropriate.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following article by Jeremy Jones provides an introductory tutorial
  about IPython:
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/python/2005/01/27/ipython.html}
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 The TAB key.
  TAB-completion, especially for attributes, is a convenient way to explore
  the structure of any object you're dealing with.
  Simply type 
 \family typewriter
 object_name.<TAB>
 \family default
  and a list of the object's attributes will be printed (see sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:readline}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more).
  Tab completion also works on file and directory names, which combined with
  IPython's alias system allows you to do from within IPython many of the
  things you normally would need the system shell for.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Explore your objects.
  Typing 
 \family typewriter
 object_name?
 \family default
  will print all sorts of details about any object, including docstrings,
  function definition lines (for call arguments) and constructor details
  for classes.
  The magic commands 
 \family typewriter
 %pdoc
 \family default
 , 
 \family typewriter
 %pdef
 \family default
 , 
 \family typewriter
 %psource
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 %pfile
 \family default
  will respectively print the docstring, function definition line, full source
  code and the complete file for any object (when they can be found).
  If automagic is on (it is by default), you don't need to type the '
 \family typewriter
 %
 \family default
 ' explicitly.
  See sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:dyn-object-info}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 The 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  magic command allows you to run any python script and load all of its data
  directly into the interactive namespace.
  Since the file is re-read from disk each time, changes you make to it are
  reflected immediately (in contrast to the behavior of 
 \family typewriter
 import
 \family default
 ).
  I rarely use 
 \family typewriter
 import
 \family default
  for code I am testing, relying on 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  instead.
  See sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:magic}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more on this and other magic commands, or type the name of any magic
  command and ? to get details on it.
  See also sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:dreload}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for a recursive reload command.
 \newline
 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  also has special flags for timing the execution of your scripts (
 \family typewriter
 -t
 \family default
 ) and for executing them under the control of either Python's 
 \family typewriter
 pdb 
 \family default
 debugger (
 \family typewriter
 -d
 \family default
 ) or profiler (
 \family typewriter
 -p
 \family default
 ).
  With all of these, 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  can be used as the main tool for efficient interactive development of code
  which you write in your editor of choice.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Use the Python debugger, 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
 
 \begin_inset Foot
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Thanks to Christian Hart and Matthew Arnison for the suggestions leading
  to IPython's improved debugger and profiler support.
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
  The 
 \family typewriter
 %pdb
 \family default
  command allows you to toggle on and off the automatic invocation of an
  IPython-enhanced 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
  debugger (with coloring, tab completion and more) at any uncaught exception.
  The advantage of this is that 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
  starts 
 \emph on
 inside
 \emph default
  the function where the exception occurred, with all data still available.
  You can print variables, see code, execute statements and even walk up
  and down the call stack to track down the true source of the problem (which
  often is many layers in the stack above where the exception gets triggered).
 \newline
 Runn
 ing programs with 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  and pdb active can be an efficient to develop and debug code, in many cases
  eliminating the need for 
 \family typewriter
 print
 \family default
  statements or external debugging tools.
  I often simply put a 
 \family typewriter
 1/0
 \family default
  in a place where I want to take a look so that pdb gets called, quickly
  view whatever variables I need to or test various pieces of code and then
  remove the 
 \family typewriter
 1/0
 \family default
 .
 \newline
 Note also that `
 \family typewriter
 %run -d
 \family default
 ' activates 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
  and automatically sets initial breakpoints for you to step through your
  code, watch variables, etc.
  See Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:cache_output}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for details.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Use the output cache.
  All output results are automatically stored in a global dictionary named
  
 \family typewriter
 Out
 \family default
  and variables named 
 \family typewriter
 _1
 \family default
 , 
 \family typewriter
 _2
 \family default
 , etc.
  alias them.
  For example, the result of input line 4 is available either as 
 \family typewriter
 Out[4]
 \family default
  or as 
 \family typewriter
 _4
 \family default
 .
  Additionally, three variables named 
 \family typewriter
 _
 \family default
 , 
 \family typewriter
 __
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 ___
 \family default
  are always kept updated with the for the last three results.
  This allows you to recall any previous result and further use it for new
  calculations.
  See Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:cache_output}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Put a '
 \family typewriter
 ;
 \family default
 ' at the end of a line to supress the printing of output.
  This is useful when doing calculations which generate long output you are
  not interested in seeing.
  The 
 \family typewriter
 _*
 \family default
  variables and the 
 \family typewriter
 Out[]
 \family default
  list do get updated with the contents of the output, even if it is not
  printed.
  You can thus still access the generated results this way for further processing.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 A similar system exists for caching input.
  All input is stored in a global list called 
 \family typewriter
 In
 \family default
  , so you can re-execute lines 22 through 28 plus line 34 by typing 
 \family typewriter
 'exec In[22:29]+In[34]'
 \family default
  (using Python slicing notation).
  If you need to execute the same set of lines often, you can assign them
  to a macro with the 
 \family typewriter
 %macro
 \family default
  
 \family typewriter
 function.
  
 \family default
 See sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:cache_input}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Use your input history.
  The 
 \family typewriter
 %hist
 \family default
  command can show you all previous input, without line numbers if desired
  (option 
 \family typewriter
 -n
 \family default
 ) so you can directly copy and paste code either back in IPython or in a
  text editor.
  You can also save all your history by turning on logging via 
 \family typewriter
 %logstart
 \family default
 ; these logs can later be either reloaded as IPython sessions or used as
  code for your programs.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Define your own system aliases.
  Even though IPython gives you access to your system shell via the 
 \family typewriter
 !
 \family default
  prefix, it is convenient to have aliases to the system commands you use
  most often.
  This allows you to work seamlessly from inside IPython with the same commands
  you are used to in your system shell.
 \newline
 IPython comes with some pre-defined
  aliases and a complete system for changing directories, both via a stack
  (see 
 \family typewriter
 %pushd
 \family default
 , 
 \family typewriter
 %popd
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 %dhist
 \family default
 ) and via direct 
 \family typewriter
 %cd
 \family default
 .
  The latter keeps a history of visited directories and allows you to go
  to any previously visited one.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Use Python to manipulate the results of system commands.
  The `
 \family typewriter
 !!
 \family default
 ' special syntax, and the 
 \family typewriter
 %sc
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 %sx
 \family default
  magic commands allow you to capture system output into Python variables.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Expand python variables when calling the shell (either via 
 \family typewriter
 `!'
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 `!!'
 \family default
  or via aliases) by prepending a 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
  in front of them.
  You can also expand complete python expressions.
  See sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:System-shell-access}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Use profiles to maintain different configurations (modules to load, function
  definitions, option settings) for particular tasks.
  You can then have customized versions of IPython for specific purposes.
  See sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:profiles}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Embed IPython in your programs.
  A few lines of code are enough to load a complete IPython inside your own
  programs, giving you the ability to work with your data interactively after
  automatic processing has been completed.
  See sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:embed}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Use the Python profiler.
  When dealing with performance issues, the 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  command with a 
 \family typewriter
 -p
 \family default
  option allows you to run complete programs under the control of the Python
  profiler.
  The 
 \family typewriter
 %prun
 \family default
  command does a similar job for single Python expressions (like function
  calls).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 Use the IPython.demo.Demo class to load any Python script as an interactive
  demo.
  With a minimal amount of simple markup, you can control the execution of
  the script, stopping as needed.
  See sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:interactive-demos}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Source code handling tips
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython is a line-oriented program, without full control of the terminal.
  Therefore, it doesn't support true multiline editing.
  However, it has a number of useful tools to help you in dealing effectively
  with more complex editing.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 %edit
 \family default
  command gives a reasonable approximation of multiline editing, by invoking
  your favorite editor on the spot.
  IPython will execute the code you type in there as if it were typed interactive
 ly.
  Type 
 \family typewriter
 %edit?
 \family default
  for the full details on the edit command.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you have typed various commands during a session, which you'd like to
  reuse, IPython provides you with a number of tools.
  Start by using 
 \family typewriter
 %hist
 \family default
  to see your input history, so you can see the line numbers of all input.
  Let us say that you'd like to reuse lines 10 through 20, plus lines 24
  and 28.
  All the commands below can operate on these with the syntax
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 %command 10-20 24 28
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 where the command given can be:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 
 \family typewriter
 %macro <macroname>
 \family default
 : this stores the lines into a variable which, when called at the prompt,
  re-executes the input.
  Macros can be edited later using 
 \family typewriter
 `%edit macroname
 \family default
 ', and they can be stored persistently across sessions with `
 \family typewriter
 %store macroname
 \family default
 ' (the storage system is per-profile).
  The combination of quick macros, persistent storage and editing, allows
  you to easily refine quick-and-dirty interactive input into permanent utilities
 , always available both in IPython and as files for general reuse.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 
 \family typewriter
 %edit
 \family default
 : this will open a text editor with those lines pre-loaded for further modificat
 ion.
  It will then execute the resulting file's contents as if you had typed
  it at the prompt.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
 
 \family typewriter
 %save <filename>
 \family default
 : this saves the lines directly to a named file on disk.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 While 
 \family typewriter
 %macro
 \family default
  saves input lines into memory for interactive re-execution, sometimes you'd
  like to save your input directly to a file.
  The 
 \family typewriter
 %save
 \family default
  magic does this: its input sytnax is the same as 
 \family typewriter
 %macro
 \family default
 , but it saves your input directly to a Python file.
  Note that the 
 \family typewriter
 %logstart
 \family default
  command also saves input, but it logs 
 \emph on
 all
 \emph default
  input to disk (though you can temporarily suspend it and reactivate it
  with 
 \family typewriter
 %logoff/%logon
 \family default
 ); 
 \family typewriter
 %save
 \family default
  allows you to select which lines of input you need to save.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
 Lightweight 'version control'
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 When you call 
 \family typewriter
 %edit
 \family default
  with no arguments, IPython opens an empty editor with a temporary file,
  and it returns the contents of your editing session as a string variable.
  Thanks to IPython's output caching mechanism, this is automatically stored:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 In [1]: %edit
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 IPython will make a temporary file named: /tmp/ipython_edit_yR-HCN.py
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 Editing...
  done.
  Executing edited code...
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 hello - this is a temporary file
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 Out[1]: "print 'hello - this is a temporary file'
 \backslash
 n"
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Now, if you call 
 \family typewriter
 `%edit -p'
 \family default
 , IPython tries to open an editor with the same data as the last time you
  used 
 \family typewriter
 %edit
 \family default
 .
  So if you haven't used 
 \family typewriter
 %edit
 \family default
  in the meantime, this same contents will reopen; however, it will be done
  in a 
 \emph on
 new file
 \emph default
 .
  This means that if you make changes and you later want to find an old version,
  you can always retrieve it by using its output number, via 
 \family typewriter
 `%edit _NN'
 \family default
 , where 
 \family typewriter
 NN
 \family default
  is the number of the output prompt.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Continuing with the example above, this should illustrate this idea:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 In [2]: edit -p
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 IPython will make a temporary file named: /tmp/ipython_edit_nA09Qk.py
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 Editing...
  done.
  Executing edited code...
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 hello - now I made some changes
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 Out[2]: "print 'hello - now I made some changes'
 \backslash
 n"
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 In [3]: edit _1
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 IPython will make a temporary file named: /tmp/ipython_edit_gy6-zD.py
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 Editing...
  done.
  Executing edited code...
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 hello - this is a temporary file
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 IPython version control at work :)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 Out[3]: "print 'hello - this is a temporary file'
 \backslash
 nprint 'IPython version control at work :)'
 \backslash
 n"
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This section was written after a contribution by Alexander Belchenko on
  the IPython user list.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Effective logging
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 A very useful suggestion sent in by Robert Kern follows:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 I recently happened on a nifty way to keep tidy per-project log files.
  I made a profile for my project (which is called "parkfield").
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 include ipythonrc
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 # cancel earlier logfile invocation:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 logfile ''
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 execute import time
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 execute __cmd = '/Users/kern/research/logfiles/parkfield-%s.log rotate'
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 execute __IP.magic_logstart(__cmd % time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 I also added a shell alias for convenience:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 alias parkfield="ipython -pylab -profile parkfield"
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Now I have a nice little directory with everything I ever type in, organized
  by project and date.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \series bold
 Contribute your own: 
 \series default
 If you have your own favorite tip on using IPython efficiently for a certain
  task (especially things which can't be done in the normal Python interpreter),
  don't hesitate to send it!
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 Command-line use
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You start IPython with the command:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 $ ipython [options] files
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If invoked with no options, it executes all the files listed in sequence
  and drops you into the interpreter while still acknowledging any options
  you may have set in your ipythonrc file.
  This behavior is different from standard Python, which when called as 
 \family typewriter
 python -i
 \family default
  will only execute one file and ignore your configuration setup.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Please note that some of the configuration options are not available at
  the command line, simply because they are not practical here.
  Look into your ipythonrc configuration file for details on those.
  This file typically installed in the 
 \family typewriter
 $HOME/.ipython
 \family default
  directory.
  For Windows users, 
 \family typewriter
 $HOME
 \family default
  resolves to 
 \family typewriter
 C:
 \backslash
 
 \backslash
 Documents and Settings
 \backslash
 
 \backslash
 YourUserName
 \family default
  in most instances.
  In the rest of this text, we will refer to this directory as 
 \family typewriter
 IPYTHONDIR
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:threading-opts}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Special Threading Options
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following special options are ONLY valid at the beginning of the command
  line, and not later.
  This is because they control the initial- ization of ipython itself, before
  the normal option-handling mechanism is active.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -gthread,\InsetSpace ~
 -qthread,\InsetSpace ~
 -q4thread,\InsetSpace ~
 -wthread,\InsetSpace ~
 -pylab:
 \family default
 \series default
  Only 
 \emph on
 one
 \emph default
  of these can be given, and it can only be given as the first option passed
  to IPython (it will have no effect in any other position).
  They provide threading support for the GTK, Qt (versions 3 and 4) and WXPython
  toolkits, and for the matplotlib library.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  With any of the first four options, IPython starts running a separate thread
  for the graphical toolkit's operation, so that you can open and control
  graphical elements from within an IPython command line, without blocking.
  All four provide essentially the same functionality, respectively for GTK,
  Qt3, Qt4 and WXWidgets (via their Python interfaces).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  Note that with 
 \family typewriter
 -wthread
 \family default
 , you can additionally use the -wxversion option to request a specific version
  of wx to be used.
  This requires that you have the 
 \family typewriter
 wxversion
 \family default
  Python module installed, which is part of recent wxPython distributions.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  If 
 \family typewriter
 -pylab
 \family default
  is given, IPython loads special support for the mat plotlib library (
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ), allowing interactive usage of any of its backends as defined in the user's
  
 \family typewriter
 ~/.matplotlib/matplotlibrc
 \family default
  file.
  It automatically activates GTK, Qt or WX threading for IPyhton if the choice
  of matplotlib backend requires it.
  It also modifies the 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  command to correctly execute (without blocking) any matplotlib-based script
  which calls 
 \family typewriter
 show()
 \family default
  at the end.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -tk
 \family default
 \series default
  The 
 \family typewriter
 -g/q/q4/wthread
 \family default
  options, and 
 \family typewriter
 -pylab
 \family default
  (if matplotlib is configured to use GTK, Qt3, Qt4 or WX), will normally
  block Tk graphical interfaces.
  This means that when either GTK, Qt or WX threading is active, any attempt
  to open a Tk GUI will result in a dead window, and possibly cause the Python
  interpreter to crash.
  An extra option, 
 \family typewriter
 -tk
 \family default
 , is available to address this issue.
  It can 
 \emph on
 only
 \emph default
  be given as a 
 \emph on
 second
 \emph default
  option after any of the above (
 \family typewriter
 -gthread
 \family default
 , 
 \family typewriter
 -wthread
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 -pylab
 \family default
 ).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  If 
 \family typewriter
 -tk
 \family default
  is given, IPython will try to coordinate Tk threading with GTK, Qt or WX.
  This is however potentially unreliable, and you will have to test on your
  platform and Python configuration to determine whether it works for you.
  Debian users have reported success, apparently due to the fact that Debian
  builds all of Tcl, Tk, Tkinter and Python with pthreads support.
  Under other Linux environments (such as Fedora Core 2/3), this option has
  caused random crashes and lockups of the Python interpreter.
  Under other operating systems (Mac OSX and Windows), you'll need to try
  it to find out, since currently no user reports are available.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  There is unfortunately no way for IPython to determine at run time whether
  
 \family typewriter
 -tk
 \family default
  will work reliably or not, so you will need to do some experiments before
  relying on it for regular work.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:cmd-line-opts}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Regular Options
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 After the above threading options have been given, regular options can follow
  in any order.
  All options can be abbreviated to their shortest non-ambiguous form and
  are case-sensitive.
  One or two dashes can be used.
  Some options have an alternate short form, indicated after a 
 \family typewriter
 |
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Most options can also be set from your ipythonrc configuration file.
  See the provided example for more details on what the options do.
  Options given at the command line override the values set in the ipythonrc
  file.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 All options with a 
 \family typewriter
 [no]
 \family default
  prepended can be specified in negated form (
 \family typewriter
 -nooption
 \family default
  instead of 
 \family typewriter
 -option
 \family default
 ) to turn the feature off.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -help
 \family default
 \series default
 : print a help message and exit.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -pylab:
 \family default
 \series default
  this can 
 \emph on
 only
 \emph default
  be given as the 
 \emph on
 first
 \emph default
  option passed to IPython (it will have no effect in any other position).
  It adds special support for the matplotlib library (
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl[http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net]{http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ), allowing interactive usage of any of its backends as defined in the user's
  
 \family typewriter
 .matplotlibrc
 \family default
  file.
  It automatically activates GTK or WX threading for IPyhton if the choice
  of matplotlib backend requires it.
  It also modifies the 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  command to correctly execute (without blocking) any matplotlib-based script
  which calls 
 \family typewriter
 show()
 \family default
  at the end.
  See Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:matplotlib-support}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more details.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -autocall <val>:
 \family default
 \series default
  Make IPython automatically call any callable object even if you didn't
  type explicit parentheses.
  For example, `str 43' becomes `str(43)' automatically.
  The value can be `0' to disable the feature, `1' for 
 \emph on
 smart
 \emph default
  autocall, where it is not applied if there are no more arguments on the
  line, and `2' for 
 \emph on
 full
 \emph default
  autocall, where all callable objects are automatically called (even if
  no arguments are present).
  The default is `1'.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -[no]autoindent:
 \family default
 \series default
  Turn automatic indentation on/off.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -[no]automagic
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  make magic commands automatic (without needing their first character to
  be 
 \family typewriter
 %
 \family default
 ).
  Type 
 \family typewriter
 %magic
 \family default
  at the IPython prompt for more information.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -[no]autoedit_syntax:
 \family default
 \series default
  When a syntax error occurs after editing a file, automatically open the
  file to the trouble causing line for convenient fixing.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -[no]banner
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  Print the initial information banner (default on).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -c\InsetSpace ~
 <command>:
 \family default
 \series default
  execute the given command string, and set sys.argv to 
 \family typewriter
 ['c']
 \family default
 .
  This is similar to the 
 \family typewriter
 -c
 \family default
  option in the normal Python interpreter.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -cache_size|cs\InsetSpace ~
 <n>
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  size of the output cache (maximum number of entries to hold in memory).
  The default is 1000, you can change it permanently in your config file.
  Setting it to 0 completely disables the caching system, and the minimum
  value accepted is 20 (if you provide a value less than 20, it is reset
  to 0 and a warning is issued) This limit is defined because otherwise you'll
  spend more time re-flushing a too small cache than working.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -classic|cl
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  Gives IPython a similar feel to the classic Python prompt.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -colors\InsetSpace ~
 <scheme>:
 \family default
 \series default
  Color scheme for prompts and exception reporting.
  Currently implemented: NoColor, Linux and LightBG.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -[no]color_info:
 \family default
 \series default
  IPython can display information about objects via a set of functions, and
  optionally can use colors for this, syntax highlighting source code and
  various other elements.
  However, because this information is passed through a pager (like 'less')
  and many pagers get confused with color codes, this option is off by default.
  You can test it and turn it on permanently in your ipythonrc file if it
  works for you.
  As a reference, the 'less' pager supplied with Mandrake 8.2 works ok, but
  that in RedHat 7.2 doesn't.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  Test it and turn it on permanently if it works with your system.
  The magic function 
 \family typewriter
 %color_info
 \family default
  allows you to toggle this interactively for testing.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -[no]debug
 \family default
 \series default
 : Show information about the loading process.
  Very useful to pin down problems with your configuration files or to get
  details about session restores.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -[no]deep_reload
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  IPython can use the 
 \family typewriter
 deep_reload
 \family default
  module which reloads changes in modules recursively (it replaces the 
 \family typewriter
 reload()
 \family default
  function, so you don't need to change anything to use it).
  
 \family typewriter
 deep_reload()
 \family default
  forces a full reload of modules whose code may have changed, which the
  default 
 \family typewriter
 reload()
 \family default
  function does not.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  When deep_reload is off, IPython will use the normal 
 \family typewriter
 reload()
 \family default
 , but deep_reload will still be available as 
 \family typewriter
 dreload()
 \family default
 .
  This feature is off by default [which means that you have both normal 
 \family typewriter
 reload()
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 dreload()
 \family default
 ].
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -editor\InsetSpace ~
 <name>
 \family default
 \series default
 : Which editor to use with the 
 \family typewriter
 %edit
 \family default
  command.
  By default, IPython will honor your 
 \family typewriter
 EDITOR
 \family default
  environment variable (if not set, vi is the Unix default and notepad the
  Windows one).
  Since this editor is invoked on the fly by IPython and is meant for editing
  small code snippets, you may want to use a small, lightweight editor here
  (in case your default 
 \family typewriter
 EDITOR
 \family default
  is something like Emacs).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -ipythondir\InsetSpace ~
 <name>
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  name of your IPython configuration directory 
 \family typewriter
 IPYTHONDIR
 \family default
 .
  This can also be specified through the environment variable 
 \family typewriter
 IPYTHONDIR
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -log|l
 \family default
 \series default
 : generate a log file of all input.
  The file is named 
 \family typewriter
 ipython_log.py
 \family default
  in your current directory (which prevents logs from multiple IPython sessions
  from trampling each other).
  You can use this to later restore a session by loading your logfile as
  a file to be executed with option 
 \family typewriter
 -logplay
 \family default
  (see below).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -logfile|lf\InsetSpace ~
 <name>
 \series default
 : 
 \family default
 specify the name of your logfile.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -logplay|lp\InsetSpace ~
 <name>
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  you can replay a previous log.
  For restoring a session as close as possible to the state you left it in,
  use this option (don't just run the logfile).
  With 
 \family typewriter
 -logplay
 \family default
 , IPython will try to reconstruct the previous working environment in full,
  not just execute the commands in the logfile.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  When a session is restored, logging is automatically turned on again with
  the name of the logfile it was invoked with (it is read from the log header).
  So once you've turned logging on for a session, you can quit IPython and
  reload it as many times as you want and it will continue to log its history
  and restore from the beginning every time.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  Caveats: there are limitations in this option.
  The history variables 
 \family typewriter
 _i*
 \family default
 ,
 \family typewriter
 _*
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 _dh
 \family default
  don't get restored properly.
  In the future we will try to implement full session saving by writing and
  retrieving a 'snapshot' of the memory state of IPython.
  But our first attempts failed because of inherent limitations of Python's
  Pickle module, so this may have to wait.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -[no]messages
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  Print messages which IPython collects about its startup process (default
  on).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -[no]pdb
 \family default
 \series default
 : Automatically call the pdb debugger after every uncaught exception.
  If you are used to debugging using pdb, this puts you automatically inside
  of it after any call (either in IPython or in code called by it) which
  triggers an exception which goes uncaught.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -[no]pprint
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  ipython can optionally use the pprint (pretty printer) module for displaying
  results.
  pprint tends to give a nicer display of nested data structures.
  If you like it, you can turn it on permanently in your config file (default
  off).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -profile|p <name>
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  assume that your config file is 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc-<name>
 \family default
  (looks in current dir first, then in 
 \family typewriter
 IPYTHONDIR
 \family default
 ).
  This is a quick way to keep and load multiple config files for different
  tasks, especially if you use the include option of config files.
  You can keep a basic 
 \family typewriter
 IPYTHONDIR/ipythonrc
 \family default
  file and then have other 'profiles' which include this one and load extra
  things for particular tasks.
  For example:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \InsetSpace ~
  
 \family default
 1.
 
 \family typewriter
  $HOME/.ipython/ipythonrc
 \family default
  : load basic things you always want.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \InsetSpace ~
  
 \family default
 2.
 
 \family typewriter
  $HOME/.ipython/ipythonrc-math
 \family default
  : load (1) and basic math-related modules.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \InsetSpace ~
  
 \family default
 3.
 
 \family typewriter
  $HOME/.ipython/ipythonrc-numeric
 \family default
  : load (1) and Numeric and plotting modules.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  Since it is possible to create an endless loop by having circular file
  inclusions, IPython will stop if it reaches 15 recursive inclusions.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -prompt_in1|pi1\InsetSpace ~
 <string>:
 \family default
 \series default
  Specify the string used for input prompts.
  Note that if you are using numbered prompts, the number is represented
  with a '
 \backslash
 #' in the string.
  Don't forget to quote strings with spaces embedded in them.
  Default: '
 \family typewriter
 In\InsetSpace ~
 [
 \backslash
 #]:
 \family default
 '.
  Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:prompts}
 
 \end_inset
 
  discusses in detail all the available escapes to customize your prompts.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -prompt_in2|pi2\InsetSpace ~
 <string>:
 \family default
 \series default
  Similar to the previous option, but used for the continuation prompts.
  The special sequence '
 \family typewriter
 
 \backslash
 D
 \family default
 ' is similar to '
 \family typewriter
 
 \backslash
 #
 \family default
 ', but with all digits replaced dots (so you can have your continuation
  prompt aligned with your input prompt).
  Default: '
 \family typewriter
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 .
 \backslash
 D.:
 \family default
 ' (note three spaces at the start for alignment with '
 \family typewriter
 In\InsetSpace ~
 [
 \backslash
 #]
 \family default
 ').
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -prompt_out|po\InsetSpace ~
 <string>:
 \family default
 \series default
  String used for output prompts, also uses numbers like 
 \family typewriter
 prompt_in1
 \family default
 .
  Default: '
 \family typewriter
 Out[
 \backslash
 #]:
 \family default
 '
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -quick
 \family default
 \series default
 : start in bare bones mode (no config file loaded).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -rcfile\InsetSpace ~
 <name>
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  name of your IPython resource configuration file.
  Normally IPython loads ipythonrc (from current directory) or
 \family typewriter
  IPYTHONDIR/ipythonrc
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  If the loading of your config file fails, IPython starts with a bare bones
  configuration (no modules loaded at all).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -[no]readline
 \family default
 \series default
 : use the readline library, which is needed to support name completion and
  command history, among other things.
  It is enabled by default, but may cause problems for users of X/Emacs in
  Python comint or shell buffers.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  Note that X/Emacs 'eterm' buffers (opened with 
 \family typewriter
 M-x\InsetSpace ~
 term
 \family default
 ) support IPython's readline and syntax coloring fine, only 'emacs' (
 \family typewriter
 M-x\InsetSpace ~
 shell
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 C-c\InsetSpace ~
 !
 \family default
 ) buffers do not.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -screen_length|sl\InsetSpace ~
 <n>
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  number of lines of your screen.
  This is used to control printing of very long strings.
  Strings longer than this number of lines will be sent through a pager instead
  of directly printed.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  The default value for this is 0, which means IPython will auto-detect your
  screen size every time it needs to print certain potentially long strings
  (this doesn't change the behavior of the 'print' keyword, it's only triggered
  internally).
  If for some reason this isn't working well (it needs curses support), specify
  it yourself.
  Otherwise don't change the default.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -separate_in|si\InsetSpace ~
 <string>
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  separator before input prompts.
  Default: '
 \family typewriter
 
 \backslash
 n
 \family default
 '
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -separate_out|so\InsetSpace ~
 <string>
 \family default
 \series default
 : separator before output prompts.
  Default: nothing.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -separate_out2|so2\InsetSpace ~
 <string>
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  separator after output prompts.
  Default: nothing.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  For these three options, use the value 0 to specify no separator.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -nosep
 \series default
 : 
 \family default
 shorthand for 
 \family typewriter
 '-SeparateIn 0 -SeparateOut 0 -SeparateOut2 0'
 \family default
 .
  Simply removes all input/output separators.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -upgrade
 \family default
 \series default
 : allows you to upgrade your 
 \family typewriter
 IPYTHONDIR
 \family default
  configuration when you install a new version of IPython.
  Since new versions may include new command line options or example files,
  this copies updated ipythonrc-type files.
  However, it backs up (with a 
 \family typewriter
 .old
 \family default
  extension) all files which it overwrites so that you can merge back any
  customizations you might have in your personal files.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -Version
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  print version information and exit.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -wxversion\InsetSpace ~
 <string>:
 \family default
 \series default
  Select a specific version of wxPython (used in conjunction with 
 \family typewriter
 -wthread
 \family default
 ).
  Requires the wxversion module, part of recent wxPython distributions
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 -xmode\InsetSpace ~
 <modename>
 \series default
 :
 \family default
  Mode for exception reporting.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  Valid modes: Plain, Context and Verbose.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  Plain: similar to python's normal traceback printing.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  Context: prints 5 lines of context source code around each line in the
  traceback.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  Verbose: similar to Context, but additionally prints the variables currently
  visible where the exception happened (shortening their strings if too long).
  This can potentially be very slow, if you happen to have a huge data structure
  whose string representation is complex to compute.
  Your computer may appear to freeze for a while with cpu usage at 100%.
  If this occurs, you can cancel the traceback with Ctrl-C (maybe hitting
  it more than once).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 Interactive use
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \series bold
 Warning
 \series default
 : IPython relies on the existence of a global variable called 
 \family typewriter
 __IP
 \family default
  which controls the shell itself.
  If you redefine 
 \family typewriter
 __IP
 \family default
  to anything, bizarre behavior will quickly occur.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Other than the above warning, IPython is meant to work as a drop-in replacement
  for the standard interactive interpreter.
  As such, any code which is valid python should execute normally under IPython
  (cases where this is not true should be reported as bugs).
  It does, however, offer many features which are not available at a standard
  python prompt.
  What follows is a list of these.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Caution for Windows users
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Windows, unfortunately, uses the `
 \family typewriter
 
 \backslash
 
 \family default
 ' character as a path separator.
  This is a terrible choice, because `
 \family typewriter
 
 \backslash
 
 \family default
 ' also represents the escape character in most modern programming languages,
  including Python.
  For this reason, issuing many of the commands discussed below (especially
  magics which affect the filesystem) with `
 \family typewriter
 
 \backslash
 
 \family default
 ' in them will cause strange errors.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 A partial solution is to use instead the `
 \family typewriter
 /
 \family default
 ' character as a path separator, which Windows recognizes in 
 \emph on
 most
 \emph default
  situations.
  However, in Windows commands `
 \family typewriter
 /
 \family default
 ' flags options, so you can not use it for the root directory.
  This means that paths beginning at the root must be typed in a contrived
  manner like:
 \newline
 
 \family typewriter
 %copy 
 \backslash
 opt/foo/bar.txt 
 \backslash
 tmp
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 There is no sensible thing IPython can do to truly work around this flaw
  in Windows
 \begin_inset Foot
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If anyone comes up with a 
 \emph on
 clean
 \emph default
  solution which works consistently and does not negatively impact other
  platforms at all, I'll gladly accept a patch.
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:magic}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Magic command system
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython will treat any line whose first character is a 
 \family typewriter
 %
 \family default
  as a special call to a 'magic' function.
  These allow you to control the behavior of IPython itself, plus a lot of
  system-type features.
  They are all prefixed with a 
 \family typewriter
 %
 \family default
  character, but parameters are given without parentheses or quotes.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Example: typing 
 \family typewriter
 '%cd mydir'
 \family default
  (without the quotes) changes you working directory to 
 \family typewriter
 'mydir'
 \family default
 , if it exists.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you have 'automagic' enabled (in your 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  file, via the command line option 
 \family typewriter
 -automagic 
 \family default
 or with the 
 \family typewriter
 %automagic
 \family default
  function), you don't need to type in the 
 \family typewriter
 %
 \family default
  explicitly.
  IPython will scan its internal list of magic functions and call one if
  it exists.
  With automagic on you can then just type '
 \family typewriter
 cd mydir
 \family default
 ' to go to directory '
 \family typewriter
 mydir
 \family default
 '.
  The automagic system has the lowest possible precedence in name searches,
  so defining an identifier with the same name as an existing magic function
  will shadow it for automagic use.
  You can still access the shadowed magic function by explicitly using the
  
 \family typewriter
 %
 \family default
  character at the beginning of the line.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 An example (with automagic on) should clarify all this:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 In [1]: cd ipython # %cd is called by automagic
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 /home/fperez/ipython
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 In [2]: cd=1 # now cd is just a variable
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 In [3]: cd ..
  # and doesn't work as a function anymore
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 ------------------------------------------------------------
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
     File "<console>", line 1
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
       cd ..
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
           ^
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 SyntaxError: invalid syntax
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 In [4]: %cd ..
  # but %cd always works
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 /home/fperez
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 In [5]: del cd # if you remove the cd variable
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 In [6]: cd ipython # automagic can work again
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 /home/fperez/ipython
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can define your own magic functions to extend the system.
- The following is a snippet of code which shows how to do it.
- It is provided as file 
+ The following example defines a new magic command, 
 \family typewriter
-example-magic.py
+%impall
 \family default
- in the examples directory:
+:
 \end_layout
 
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+import IPython.ipapi 
+\end_layout
 
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ip = IPython.ipapi.get()
+\end_layout
 
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
 
-\backslash
-codelist{examples/example-magic.py}
 \end_layout
 
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+def doimp(self, arg):
+\end_layout
 
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+    ip = self.api
+\end_layout
 
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+    ip.ex("import %s; reload(%s); from %s import *" % (
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+    arg,arg,arg)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+    )
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ip.expose_magic('impall', doimp)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can also define your own aliased names for magic functions.
  In your 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  file, placing a line like:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 execute __IP.magic_cl = __IP.magic_clear
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 will define 
 \family typewriter
 %cl
 \family default
  as a new name for 
 \family typewriter
 %clear
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Type 
 \family typewriter
 %magic
 \family default
  for more information, including a list of all available magic functions
  at any time and their docstrings.
  You can also type 
 \family typewriter
 %magic_function_name?
 \family default
  (see sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:dyn-object-info}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for information on the 
 \family typewriter
 '?'
 \family default
  system) to get information about any particular magic function you are
  interested in.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Magic commands
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The rest of this section is automatically generated for each release from
  the docstrings in the IPython code.
  Therefore the formatting is somewhat minimal, but this method has the advantage
  of having information always in sync with the code.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 A list of all the magic commands available in IPython's 
 \emph on
 default
 \emph default
  installation follows.
  This is similar to what you'll see by simply typing 
 \family typewriter
 %magic
 \family default
  at the prompt, but that will also give you information about magic commands
  you may have added as part of your personal customizations.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 \begin_inset Include \input{magic.tex}
 preview false
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Access to the standard Python help
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 As of Python 2.1, a help system is available with access to object docstrings
  and the Python manuals.
  Simply type 
 \family typewriter
 'help'
 \family default
  (no quotes) to access it.
  You can also type 
 \family typewriter
 help(object)
 \family default
  to obtain information about a given object, and 
 \family typewriter
 help('keyword')
 \family default
  for information on a keyword.
  As noted in sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:help-access}
 
 \end_inset
 
 , you need to properly configure your environment variable 
 \family typewriter
 PYTHONDOCS
 \family default
  for this feature to work correctly.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:dyn-object-info}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Dynamic object information
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Typing 
 \family typewriter
 ?word
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 word?
 \family default
  prints detailed information about an object.
  If certain strings in the object are too long (docstrings, code, etc.) they
  get snipped in the center for brevity.
  This system gives access variable types and values, full source code for
  any object (if available), function prototypes and other useful information.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Typing 
 \family typewriter
 ??word
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 word??
 \family default
  gives access to the full information without snipping long strings.
  Long strings are sent to the screen through the 
 \family typewriter
 less
 \family default
  pager if longer than the screen and printed otherwise.
  On systems lacking the 
 \family typewriter
 less
 \family default
  command, IPython uses a very basic internal pager.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following magic functions are particularly useful for gathering information
  about your working environment.
  You can get more details by typing 
 \family typewriter
 %magic
 \family default
  or querying them individually (use 
 \family typewriter
 %function_name?
 \family default
  with or without the 
 \family typewriter
 %
 \family default
 ), this is just a summary:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 %pdoc\InsetSpace ~
 <object>
 \family default
 \series default
 : Print (or run through a pager if too long) the docstring for an object.
  If the given object is a class, it will print both the class and the constructo
 r docstrings.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 %pdef\InsetSpace ~
 <object>
 \family default
 \series default
 : Print the definition header for any callable object.
  If the object is a class, print the constructor information.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 %psource\InsetSpace ~
 <object>
 \family default
 \series default
 : Print (or run through a pager if too long) the source code for an object.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 %pfile\InsetSpace ~
 <object>
 \family default
 \series default
 : Show the entire source file where an object was defined via a pager, opening
  it at the line where the object definition begins.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 %who/%whos
 \family default
 \series default
 : These functions give information about identifiers you have defined interactiv
 ely (not things you loaded or defined in your configuration files).
  
 \family typewriter
 %who
 \family default
  just prints a list of identifiers and 
 \family typewriter
 %whos
 \family default
  prints a table with some basic details about each identifier.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Note that the dynamic object information functions (
 \family typewriter
 ?/??, %pdoc, %pfile, %pdef, %psource
 \family default
 ) give you access to documentation even on things which are not really defined
  as separate identifiers.
  Try for example typing 
 \family typewriter
 {}.get?
 \family default
  or after doing 
 \family typewriter
 import os
 \family default
 , type 
 \family typewriter
 os.path.abspath??
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:readline}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Readline-based features
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 These features require the GNU readline library, so they won't work if your
  Python installation lacks readline support.
  We will first describe the default behavior IPython uses, and then how
  to change it to suit your preferences.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Command line completion
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 At any time, hitting TAB will complete any available python commands or
  variable names, and show you a list of the possible completions if there's
  no unambiguous one.
  It will also complete filenames in the current directory if no python names
  match what you've typed so far.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Search command history
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython provides two ways for searching through previous input and thus
  reduce the need for repetitive typing:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 Start typing, and then use 
 \family typewriter
 Ctrl-p
 \family default
  (previous,up) and 
 \family typewriter
 Ctrl-n
 \family default
  (next,down) to search through only the history items that match what you've
  typed so far.
  If you use 
 \family typewriter
 Ctrl-p/Ctrl-n
 \family default
  at a blank prompt, they just behave like normal arrow keys.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Enumerate
 Hit 
 \family typewriter
 Ctrl-r
 \family default
 : opens a search prompt.
  Begin typing and the system searches your history for lines that contain
  what you've typed so far, completing as much as it can.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Persistent command history across sessions
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython will save your input history when it leaves and reload it next time
  you restart it.
  By default, the history file is named 
 \family typewriter
 $IPYTHONDIR/history
 \family default
 , but if you've loaded a named profile, '
 \family typewriter
 -PROFILE_NAME
 \family default
 ' is appended to the name.
  This allows you to keep separate histories related to various tasks: commands
  related to numerical work will not be clobbered by a system shell history,
  for example.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Autoindent
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython can recognize lines ending in ':' and indent the next line, while
  also un-indenting automatically after 'raise' or 'return'.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This feature uses the readline library, so it will honor your 
 \family typewriter
 ~/.inputrc
 \family default
  configuration (or whatever file your 
 \family typewriter
 INPUTRC
 \family default
  variable points to).
  Adding the following lines to your 
 \family typewriter
 .inputrc
 \family default
  file can make indenting/unindenting more convenient (
 \family typewriter
 M-i
 \family default
  indents, 
 \family typewriter
 M-u
 \family default
  unindents):
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 $if Python
 \newline
 "
 \backslash
 M-i": "\InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 " 
 \newline
 "
 \backslash
 M-u": "
 \backslash
 d
 \backslash
 d
 \backslash
 d
 \backslash
 d" 
 \newline
 $endif
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Note that there are 4 spaces between the quote marks after 
 \family typewriter
 "M-i"
 \family default
  above.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \series bold
 Warning:
 \series default
  this feature is ON by default, but it can cause problems with the pasting
  of multi-line indented code (the pasted code gets re-indented on each line).
  A magic function 
 \family typewriter
 %autoindent
 \family default
  allows you to toggle it on/off at runtime.
  You can also disable it permanently on in your 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  file (set 
 \family typewriter
 autoindent 0
 \family default
 ).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Customizing readline behavior
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 All these features are based on the GNU readline library, which has an extremely
  customizable interface.
  Normally, readline is configured via a file which defines the behavior
  of the library; the details of the syntax for this can be found in the
  readline documentation available with your system or on the Internet.
  IPython doesn't read this file (if it exists) directly, but it does support
  passing to readline valid options via a simple interface.
  In brief, you can customize readline by setting the following options in
  your 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  configuration file (note that these options can 
 \emph on
 not
 \emph default
  be specified at the command line):
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 readline_parse_and_bind:
 \family default
 \series default
  this option can appear as many times as you want, each time defining a
  string to be executed via a 
 \family typewriter
 readline.parse_and_bind()
 \family default
  command.
  The syntax for valid commands of this kind can be found by reading the
  documentation for the GNU readline library, as these commands are of the
  kind which readline accepts in its configuration file.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 readline_remove_delims:
 \family default
 \series default
  a string of characters to be removed from the default word-delimiters list
  used by readline, so that completions may be performed on strings which
  contain them.
  Do not change the default value unless you know what you're doing.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 readline_omit__names
 \family default
 \series default
 : when tab-completion is enabled, hitting 
 \family typewriter
 <tab>
 \family default
  after a '
 \family typewriter
 .
 \family default
 ' in a name will complete all attributes of an object, including all the
  special methods whose names include double underscores (like 
 \family typewriter
 __getitem__
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 __class__
 \family default
 ).
  If you'd rather not see these names by default, you can set this option
  to 1.
  Note that even when this option is set, you can still see those names by
  explicitly typing a 
 \family typewriter
 _
 \family default
  after the period and hitting 
 \family typewriter
 <tab>
 \family default
 : '
 \family typewriter
 name._<tab>
 \family default
 ' will always complete attribute names starting with '
 \family typewriter
 _
 \family default
 '.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 \InsetSpace ~
  This option is off by default so that new users see all attributes of any
  objects they are dealing with.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You will find the default values along with a corresponding detailed explanation
  in your 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  file.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Session logging and restoring
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can log all input from a session either by starting IPython with the
  command line switches 
 \family typewriter
 -log
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 -logfile 
 \family default
 (see sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:cmd-line-opts}
 
 \end_inset
 
 )or by activating the logging at any moment with the magic function 
 \family typewriter
 %logstart
 \family default
 .
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Log files can later be reloaded with the 
 \family typewriter
 -logplay
 \family default
  option and IPython will attempt to 'replay' the log by executing all the
  lines in it, thus restoring the state of a previous session.
  This feature is not quite perfect, but can still be useful in many cases.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The log files can also be used as a way to have a permanent record of any
  code you wrote while experimenting.
  Log files are regular text files which you can later open in your favorite
  text editor to extract code or to 'clean them up' before using them to
  replay a session.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 %logstart
 \family default
  function for activating logging in mid-session is used as follows:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 %logstart [log_name [log_mode]]
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If no name is given, it defaults to a file named 
 \family typewriter
 'log'
 \family default
  in your IPYTHONDIR directory, in 
 \family typewriter
 'rotate'
 \family default
  mode (see below).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 '
 \family typewriter
 %logstart name
 \family default
 ' saves to file 
 \family typewriter
 'name'
 \family default
  in 
 \family typewriter
 'backup'
 \family default
  mode.
  It saves your history up to that point and then continues logging.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 %logstart
 \family default
  takes a second optional parameter: logging mode.
  This can be one of (note that the modes are given unquoted):
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 over
 \family default
 : overwrite existing 
 \family typewriter
 log_name
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 backup
 \family default
 : rename (if exists) to 
 \family typewriter
 log_name~
 \family default
  and start 
 \family typewriter
 log_name
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 append
 \family default
 : well, that says it.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 rotate
 \family default
 : create rotating logs 
 \family typewriter
 log_name
 \family default
 .
 \family typewriter
 1~
 \family default
 , 
 \family typewriter
 log_name.2~
 \family default
 , etc.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 %logoff
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 %logon
 \family default
  functions allow you to temporarily stop and resume logging to a file which
  had previously been started with 
 \family typewriter
 %logstart
 \family default
 .
  They will fail (with an explanation) if you try to use them before logging
  has been started.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:System-shell-access}
 
 \end_inset
 
 System shell access
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Any input line beginning with a 
 \family typewriter
 !
 \family default
  character is passed verbatim (minus the 
 \family typewriter
 !
 \family default
 , of course) to the underlying operating system.
  For example, typing 
 \family typewriter
 !ls
 \family default
  will run 
 \family typewriter
 'ls'
 \family default
  in the current directory.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Manual capture of command output
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If the input line begins with 
 \emph on
 two
 \emph default
  exclamation marks, 
 \family typewriter
 !!
 \family default
 , the command is executed but its output is captured and returned as a python
  list, split on newlines.
  Any output sent by the subprocess to standard error is printed separately,
  so that the resulting list only captures standard output.
  The 
 \family typewriter
 !!
 \family default
  syntax is a shorthand for the 
 \family typewriter
 %sx
 \family default
  magic command.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Finally, the 
 \family typewriter
 %sc
 \family default
  magic (short for `shell capture') is similar to 
 \family typewriter
 %sx
 \family default
 , but allowing more fine-grained control of the capture details, and storing
  the result directly into a named variable.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 See Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:magic}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for details on the magics 
 \family typewriter
 %sc
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 %sx
 \family default
 , or use IPython's own help (
 \family typewriter
 sc?
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 sx?
 \family default
 ) for further details.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython also allows you to expand the value of python variables when making
  system calls.
  Any python variable or expression which you prepend with 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
  will get expanded before the system call is made.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 In [1]: pyvar='Hello world'
 \newline
 In [2]: !echo "A python variable: $pyvar" 
 \newline
 A python
  variable: Hello world
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you want the shell to actually see a literal 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
 , you need to type it twice:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 In [3]: !echo "A system variable: $$HOME" 
 \newline
 A system variable: /home/fperez
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can pass arbitrary expressions, though you'll need to delimit them with
  
 \family typewriter
 {}
 \family default
  if there is ambiguity as to the extent of the expression:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 In [5]: x=10
 \newline
 In [6]: y=20
 \newline
 In [13]: !echo $x+y 
 \newline
 10+y 
 \newline
 In [7]: !echo ${x+y} 
 \newline
 30
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Even object attributes can be expanded:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 In [12]: !echo $sys.argv 
 \newline
 [/home/fperez/usr/bin/ipython] 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 System command aliases
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 %alias
 \family default
  magic function and the 
 \family typewriter
 alias
 \family default
  option in the 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  configuration file allow you to define magic functions which are in fact
  system shell commands.
  These aliases can have parameters.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 '
 \family typewriter
 %alias alias_name cmd
 \family default
 ' defines '
 \family typewriter
 alias_name
 \family default
 ' as an alias for '
 \family typewriter
 cmd
 \family default
 ' 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Then, typing '
 \family typewriter
 %alias_name params
 \family default
 ' will execute the system command '
 \family typewriter
 cmd params
 \family default
 ' (from your underlying operating system).
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can also define aliases with parameters using 
 \family typewriter
 %s
 \family default
  specifiers (one per parameter).
  The following example defines the 
 \family typewriter
 %parts
 \family default
  function as an alias to the command '
 \family typewriter
 echo first %s second %s
 \family default
 ' where each 
 \family typewriter
 %s
 \family default
  will be replaced by a positional parameter to the call to 
 \family typewriter
 %parts:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 In [1]: alias parts echo first %s second %s
 \newline
 In [2]: %parts A B
 \newline
 first A second
  B 
 \newline
 In [3]: %parts A 
 \newline
 Incorrect number of arguments: 2 expected.
  
 \newline
 parts is an alias to: 'echo first %s second %s' 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If called with no parameters, 
 \family typewriter
 %alias
 \family default
  prints the table of currently defined aliases.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 %rehash/rehashx
 \family default
  magics allow you to load your entire 
 \family typewriter
 $PATH
 \family default
  as ipython aliases.
  See their respective docstrings (or sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:magic}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for further details).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:dreload}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Recursive reload
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 dreload
 \family default
  function does a recursive reload of a module: changes made to the module
  since you imported will actually be available without having to exit.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Verbose and colored exception traceback printouts
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython provides the option to see very detailed exception tracebacks, which
  can be especially useful when debugging large programs.
  You can run any Python file with the 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  function to benefit from these detailed tracebacks.
  Furthermore, both normal and verbose tracebacks can be colored (if your
  terminal supports it) which makes them much easier to parse visually.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 See the magic 
 \family typewriter
 xmode
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 colors
 \family default
  functions for details (just type 
 \family typewriter
 %magic
 \family default
 ).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 These features are basically a terminal version of Ka-Ping Yee's 
 \family typewriter
 cgitb
 \family default
  module, now part of the standard Python library.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:cache_input}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Input caching system
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython offers numbered prompts (In/Out) with input and output caching.
  All input is saved and can be retrieved as variables (besides the usual
  arrow key recall).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following GLOBAL variables always exist (so don't overwrite them!):
  
 \family typewriter
 _i
 \family default
 : stores previous input.
  
 \family typewriter
 _ii
 \family default
 : next previous.
  
 \family typewriter
 _iii
 \family default
 : next-next previous.
  
 \family typewriter
 _ih
 \family default
  : a list of all input 
 \family typewriter
 _ih[n]
 \family default
  is the input from line 
 \family typewriter
 n
 \family default
  and this list is aliased to the global variable 
 \family typewriter
 In
 \family default
 .
  If you overwrite 
 \family typewriter
 In
 \family default
  with a variable of your own, you can remake the assignment to the internal
  list with a simple 
 \family typewriter
 'In=_ih'
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Additionally, global variables named 
 \family typewriter
 _i<n>
 \family default
  are dynamically created (
 \family typewriter
 <n>
 \family default
  being the prompt counter), such that 
 \newline
 
 \family typewriter
 _i<n> == _ih[<n>] == In[<n>].
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 For example, what you typed at prompt 14 is available as 
 \family typewriter
 _i14,
 \family default
  
 \family typewriter
 _ih[14]
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 In[14]
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This allows you to easily cut and paste multi line interactive prompts by
  printing them out: they print like a clean string, without prompt characters.
  You can also manipulate them like regular variables (they are strings),
  modify or exec them (typing 
 \family typewriter
 'exec _i9'
 \family default
  will re-execute the contents of input prompt 9, '
 \family typewriter
 exec In[9:14]+In[18]
 \family default
 ' will re-execute lines 9 through 13 and line 18).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can also re-execute multiple lines of input easily by using the magic
  
 \family typewriter
 %macro
 \family default
  function (which automates the process and allows re-execution without having
  to type '
 \family typewriter
 exec
 \family default
 ' every time).
  The macro system also allows you to re-execute previous lines which include
  magic function calls (which require special processing).
  Type 
 \family typewriter
 %macro?
 \family default
  or see sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:magic}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for more details on the macro system.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 A history function 
 \family typewriter
 %hist
 \family default
  allows you to see any part of your input history by printing a range of
  the 
 \family typewriter
 _i
 \family default
  variables.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:cache_output}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Output caching system
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 For output that is returned from actions, a system similar to the input
  cache exists but using 
 \family typewriter
 _
 \family default
  instead of 
 \family typewriter
 _i
 \family default
 .
  Only actions that produce a result (NOT assignments, for example) are cached.
  If you are familiar with Mathematica, IPython's 
 \family typewriter
 _
 \family default
  variables behave exactly like Mathematica's 
 \family typewriter
 %
 \family default
  variables.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following GLOBAL variables always exist (so don't overwrite them!):
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 _
 \family default
 \series default
  (a 
 \emph on
 single
 \emph default
  underscore) : stores previous output, like Python's default interpreter.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 __
 \family default
 \series default
  (two underscores): next previous.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 ___
 \family default
 \series default
  (three underscores): next-next previous.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Additionally, global variables named 
 \family typewriter
 _<n> 
 \family default
 are dynamically created (
 \family typewriter
 <n>
 \family default
  being the prompt counter), such that the result of output 
 \family typewriter
 <n>
 \family default
  is always available as 
 \family typewriter
 _<n>
 \family default
  (don't use the angle brackets, just the number, e.g.
  
 \family typewriter
 _21
 \family default
 ).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 These global variables are all stored in a global dictionary (not a list,
  since it only has entries for lines which returned a result) available
  under the names 
 \family typewriter
 _oh
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 Out
 \family default
  (similar to 
 \family typewriter
 _ih
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 In
 \family default
 ).
  So the output from line 12 can be obtained as 
 \family typewriter
 _12
 \family default
 , 
 \family typewriter
 Out[12]
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 _oh[12]
 \family default
 .
  If you accidentally overwrite the 
 \family typewriter
 Out
 \family default
  variable you can recover it by typing 
 \family typewriter
 'Out=_oh
 \family default
 ' at the prompt.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This system obviously can potentially put heavy memory demands on your system,
  since it prevents Python's garbage collector from removing any previously
  computed results.
  You can control how many results are kept in memory with the option (at
  the command line or in your 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  file) 
 \family typewriter
 cache_size
 \family default
 .
  If you set it to 0, the whole system is completely disabled and the prompts
  revert to the classic 
 \family typewriter
 '>>>'
 \family default
  of normal Python.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Directory history
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Your history of visited directories is kept in the global list 
 \family typewriter
 _dh
 \family default
 , and the magic 
 \family typewriter
 %cd
 \family default
  command can be used to go to any entry in that list.
  The 
 \family typewriter
 %dhist
 \family default
  command allows you to view this history.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Automatic parentheses and quotes
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 These features were adapted from Nathan Gray's LazyPython.
  They are meant to allow less typing for common situations.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Automatic parentheses
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Callable objects (i.e.
  functions, methods, etc) can be invoked like this (notice the commas between
  the arguments):
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 >>> callable_ob arg1, arg2, arg3 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 and the input will be translated to this: 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 --> callable_ob(arg1, arg2, arg3) 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can force automatic parentheses by using '/' as the first character
  of a line.
  For example:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 >>> /globals # becomes 'globals()' 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Note that the '/' MUST be the first character on the line! This won't work:
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 >>> print /globals # syntax error
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 In most cases the automatic algorithm should work, so you should rarely
  need to explicitly invoke /.
  One notable exception is if you are trying to call a function with a list
  of tuples as arguments (the parenthesis will confuse IPython): 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 In [1]: zip (1,2,3),(4,5,6) # won't work 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 but this will work: 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 In [2]: /zip (1,2,3),(4,5,6)
 \newline
 ------> zip ((1,2,3),(4,5,6)) 
 \newline
 Out[2]= [(1, 4),
  (2, 5), (3, 6)] 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython tells you that it has altered your command line by displaying the
  new command line preceded by 
 \family typewriter
 -->
 \family default
 .
  e.g.: 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 In [18]: callable list
 \newline
 -------> callable (list)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Automatic quoting 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can force automatic quoting of a function's arguments by using 
 \family typewriter
 `,'
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 `;'
 \family default
  as the first character of a line.
  For example: 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 >>> ,my_function /home/me # becomes my_function("/home/me") 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you use 
 \family typewriter
 `;'
 \family default
  instead, the whole argument is quoted as a single string (while 
 \family typewriter
 `,'
 \family default
  splits on whitespace):
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 >>> ,my_function a b c # becomes my_function("a","b","c")
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 >>> ;my_function a b c # becomes my_function("a b c")
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Note that the `
 \family typewriter
 ,
 \family default
 ' or `
 \family typewriter
 ;
 \family default
 ' MUST be the first character on the line! This won't work: 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 >>> x = ,my_function /home/me # syntax error
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:customization}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Customization
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 As we've already mentioned, IPython reads a configuration file which can
  be specified at the command line (
 \family typewriter
 -rcfile
 \family default
 ) or which by default is assumed to be called 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
 .
  Such a file is looked for in the current directory where IPython is started
  and then in your 
 \family typewriter
 IPYTHONDIR
 \family default
 , which allows you to have local configuration files for specific projects.
  In this section we will call these types of configuration files simply
  rcfiles (short for resource configuration file).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The syntax of an rcfile is one of key-value pairs separated by whitespace,
  one per line.
  Lines beginning with a 
 \family typewriter
 #
 \family default
  are ignored as comments, but comments can 
 \series bold
 not
 \series default
  be put on lines with data (the parser is fairly primitive).
  Note that these are not python files, and this is deliberate, because it
  allows us to do some things which would be quite tricky to implement if
  they were normal python files.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 First, an rcfile can contain permanent default values for almost all command
  line options (except things like 
 \family typewriter
 -help
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 -Version
 \family default
 ).
  Sec\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:cmd-line-opts}
 
 \end_inset
 
  contains a description of all command-line options.
  However, values you explicitly specify at the command line override the
  values defined in the rcfile.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Besides command line option values, the rcfile can specify values for certain
  extra special options which are not available at the command line.
  These options are briefly described below.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Each of these options may appear as many times as you need it in the file.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 include\InsetSpace ~
 <file1>\InsetSpace ~
 <file2>\InsetSpace ~
 ...
 \family default
 \series default
 : you can name 
 \emph on
 other 
 \emph default
 rcfiles you want to recursively load up to 15 levels (don't use the 
 \family typewriter
 <>
 \family default
  brackets in your names!).
  This feature allows you to define a 'base' rcfile with general options
  and special-purpose files which can be loaded only when needed with particular
  configuration options.
  To make this more convenient, IPython accepts the 
 \family typewriter
 -profile <name>
 \family default
  option (abbreviates to 
 \family typewriter
 -p <name
 \family default
 >)
 \family typewriter
  which
 \family default
  tells it to look for an rcfile named 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc-<name>
 \family default
 .
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 import_mod\InsetSpace ~
 <mod1>\InsetSpace ~
 <mod2>\InsetSpace ~
 ...
 \family default
 \series default
 : import modules with '
 \family typewriter
 import
 \family default
  
 \family typewriter
 <mod1>,<mod2>,...
 \family default
 ' 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 import_some\InsetSpace ~
 <mod>\InsetSpace ~
 <f1>\InsetSpace ~
 <f2>\InsetSpace ~
 ...
 \family default
 \series default
 : import functions with '
 \family typewriter
 from <mod> import
 \family default
  
 \family typewriter
 <f1>,<f2>,...
 \family default
 ' 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 import_all\InsetSpace ~
 <mod1>\InsetSpace ~
 <mod2>\InsetSpace ~
 ...
 \family default
 \series default
 : for each module listed import functions with '
 \family typewriter
 from <mod> import *
 \family default
 ' 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 execute\InsetSpace ~
 <python\InsetSpace ~
 code>
 \family default
 \series default
 : give any single-line python code to be executed.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 execfile\InsetSpace ~
 <filename>
 \family default
 \series default
 : execute the python file given with an '
 \family typewriter
 execfile(filename)
 \family default
 ' command.
  Username expansion is performed on the given names.
  So if you need any amount of extra fancy customization that won't fit in
  any of the above 'canned' options, you can just put it in a separate python
  file and execute it.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 
 \family typewriter
 \series bold
 alias\InsetSpace ~
 <alias_def>
 \family default
 \series default
 : this is equivalent to calling '
 \family typewriter
 %alias\InsetSpace ~
 <alias_def>
 \family default
 ' at the IPython command line.
  This way, from within IPython you can do common system tasks without having
  to exit it or use the 
 \family typewriter
 !
 \family default
  escape.
  IPython isn't meant to be a shell replacement, but it is often very useful
  to be able to do things with files while testing code.
  This gives you the flexibility to have within IPython any aliases you may
  be used to under your normal system shell.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:ipytonrc-sample}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Sample 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  file
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The default rcfile, called 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  and supplied in your 
 \family typewriter
 IPYTHONDIR 
 \family default
 directory contains lots of comments on all of these options.
  We reproduce it here for reference:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 \begin_inset ERT
 status open
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 codelist{../IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:prompts}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Fine-tuning your prompt
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython's prompts can be customized using a syntax similar to that of the
  
 \family typewriter
 bash
 \family default
  shell.
  Many of 
 \family typewriter
 bash
 \family default
 's escapes are supported, as well as a few additional ones.
  We list them below:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 # the prompt/history count number.
  This escape is automatically wrapped in the coloring codes for the currently
  active color scheme.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 N the 'naked' prompt/history count number: this is just the number itself,
  without any coloring applied to it.
  This lets you produce numbered prompts with your own colors.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 D the prompt/history count, with the actual digits replaced by dots.
  Used mainly in continuation prompts (prompt_in2)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 w the current working directory
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 W the basename of current working directory
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 X
 \emph on
 n
 \emph default
  where 
 \begin_inset Formula $n=0\ldots5.$
 \end_inset
 
  The current working directory, with 
 \family typewriter
 $HOME
 \family default
  replaced by 
 \family typewriter
 ~
 \family default
 , and filtered out to contain only 
 \begin_inset Formula $n$
 \end_inset
 
  path elements
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 Y
 \emph on
 n
 \emph default
  Similar to 
 \backslash
 X
 \emph on
 n
 \emph default
 , but with the 
 \begin_inset Formula $n+1$
 \end_inset
 
  element included if it is 
 \family typewriter
 ~
 \family default
  (this is similar to the behavior of the %c
 \emph on
 n
 \emph default
  escapes in 
 \family typewriter
 tcsh
 \family default
 )
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 u the username of the current user
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 $ if the effective UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 h the hostname up to the first `.'
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 H the hostname
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 n a newline
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 r a carriage return
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 v IPython version string
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 In addition to these, ANSI color escapes can be insterted into the prompts,
  as 
 \family typewriter
 
 \backslash
 C_
 \emph on
 ColorName
 \family default
 \emph default
 .
  The list of valid color names is: Black, Blue, Brown, Cyan, DarkGray, Green,
  LightBlue, LightCyan, LightGray, LightGreen, LightPurple, LightRed, NoColor,
  Normal, Purple, Red, White, Yellow.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Finally, IPython supports the evaluation of arbitrary expressions in your
  prompt string.
  The prompt strings are evaluated through the syntax of PEP 215, but basically
  you can use 
 \family typewriter
 $x.y
 \family default
  to expand the value of 
 \family typewriter
 x.y
 \family default
 , and for more complicated expressions you can use braces: 
 \family typewriter
 ${foo()+x}
 \family default
  will call function 
 \family typewriter
 foo
 \family default
  and add to it the value of 
 \family typewriter
 x
 \family default
 , before putting the result into your prompt.
  For example, using 
 \newline
 
 \family typewriter
 prompt_in1 '${commands.getoutput("uptime")}
 \backslash
 nIn [
 \backslash
 #]: '
 \newline
 
 \family default
 will print the result of the uptime command on each prompt (assuming the
  
 \family typewriter
 commands
 \family default
  module has been imported in your 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  file).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsubsection
 Prompt examples
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following options in an ipythonrc file will give you IPython's default
  prompts:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 prompt_in1 'In [
 \backslash
 #]:'
 \newline
 prompt_in2 '\InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 .
 \backslash
 D.:'
 \newline
 prompt_out 'Out[
 \backslash
 #]:'
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 which look like this:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 In [1]: 1+2
 \newline
 Out[1]: 3
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 In [2]: for i in (1,2,3):
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 ...: \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 print i,
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 ...:
 \newline
 1 2 3
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 These will give you a very colorful prompt with path information:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 #prompt_in1 '
 \backslash
 C_Red
 \backslash
 u
 \backslash
 C_Blue[
 \backslash
 C_Cyan
 \backslash
 Y1
 \backslash
 C_Blue]
 \backslash
 C_LightGreen
 \backslash
 #>'
 \newline
 prompt_in2 ' ..
 \backslash
 D>'
 \newline
 prompt_out '<
 \backslash
 #>' 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 which look like this:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 \color red
 fperez
 \color blue
 [
 \color cyan
 ~/ipython
 \color blue
 ]
 \color green
 1>
 \color none
  1+2
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 
 \color red
 <1>
 \color none
  3
 \newline
 
 \color red
 fperez
 \color blue
 [
 \color cyan
 ~/ipython
 \color blue
 ]
 \color green
 2>
 \color none
  for i in (1,2,3):
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 
 \color green
 ...>
 \color none
  \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 print i,
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 
 \color green
 ...>
 \color none
 
 \newline
 1 2 3
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following shows the usage of dynamic expression evaluation:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:profiles}
 
 \end_inset
 
 IPython profiles
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 As we already mentioned, IPython supports the 
 \family typewriter
 -profile
 \family default
  command-line option (see sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:cmd-line-opts}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ).
  A profile is nothing more than a particular configuration file like your
  basic 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  one, but with particular customizations for a specific purpose.
  When you start IPython with '
 \family typewriter
 ipython -profile <name>
 \family default
 ', it assumes that in your 
 \family typewriter
 IPYTHONDIR
 \family default
  there is a file called 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc-<name>
 \family default
 , and loads it instead of the normal 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This system allows you to maintain multiple configurations which load modules,
  set options, define functions, etc.
  suitable for different tasks and activate them in a very simple manner.
  In order to avoid having to repeat all of your basic options (common things
  that don't change such as your color preferences, for example), any profile
  can include another configuration file.
  The most common way to use profiles is then to have each one include your
  basic 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc
 \family default
  file as a starting point, and then add further customizations.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 In sections 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:syntax-extensions}
 
 \end_inset
 
  and 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Gnuplot}
 
 \end_inset
 
  we discuss some particular profiles which come as part of the standard
  IPython distribution.
  You may also look in your 
 \family typewriter
 IPYTHONDIR
 \family default
  directory, any file whose name begins with 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc-
 \family default
  is a profile.
  You can use those as examples for further customizations to suit your own
  needs.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset OptArg
 status open
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython as default...
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 IPython as your default Python environment
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Python honors the environment variable 
 \family typewriter
 PYTHONSTARTUP 
 \family default
 and will execute at startup the file referenced by this variable.
  If you put at the end of this file the following two lines of code:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 import IPython
 \newline
 IPython.Shell.IPShell().mainloop(sys_exit=1)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 then IPython will be your working environment anytime you start Python.
  The 
 \family typewriter
 sys_exit=1
 \family default
  is needed to have IPython issue a call to 
 \family typewriter
 sys.exit()
 \family default
  when it finishes, otherwise you'll be back at the normal Python '
 \family typewriter
 >>>
 \family default
 ' prompt
 \begin_inset Foot
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Based on an idea by Holger Krekel.
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This is probably useful to developers who manage multiple Python versions
  and don't want to have correspondingly multiple IPython versions.
  Note that in this mode, there is no way to pass IPython any command-line
  options, as those are trapped first by Python itself.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:embed}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Embedding IPython
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 It is possible to start an IPython instance 
 \emph on
 inside
 \emph default
  your own Python programs.
  This allows you to evaluate dynamically the state of your code, operate
  with your variables, analyze them, etc.
  Note however that any changes you make to values while in the shell do
  
 \emph on
 not
 \emph default
  propagate back to the running code, so it is safe to modify your values
  because you won't break your code in bizarre ways by doing so.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This feature allows you to easily have a fully functional python environment
  for doing object introspection anywhere in your code with a simple function
  call.
  In some cases a simple print statement is enough, but if you need to do
  more detailed analysis of a code fragment this feature can be very valuable.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 It can also be useful in scientific computing situations where it is common
  to need to do some automatic, computationally intensive part and then stop
  to look at data, plots, etc
 \begin_inset Foot
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This functionality was inspired by IDL's combination of the 
 \family typewriter
 stop
 \family default
  keyword and the 
 \family typewriter
 .continue
 \family default
  executive command, which I have found very useful in the past, and by a
  posting on comp.lang.python by cmkl <cmkleffner-AT-gmx.de> on Dec.
  06/01 concerning similar uses of pyrepl.
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
  Opening an IPython instance will give you full access to your data and
  functions, and you can resume program execution once you are done with
  the interactive part (perhaps to stop again later, as many times as needed).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following code snippet is the bare minimum you need to include in your
  Python programs for this to work (detailed examples follow later):
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 from IPython.Shell import IPShellEmbed
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 ipshell = IPShellEmbed()
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 ipshell() # this call anywhere in your program will start IPython
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can run embedded instances even in code which is itself being run at
  the IPython interactive prompt with '
 \family typewriter
 %run\InsetSpace ~
 <filename>
 \family default
 '.
  Since it's easy to get lost as to where you are (in your top-level IPython
  or in your embedded one), it's a good idea in such cases to set the in/out
  prompts to something different for the embedded instances.
  The code examples below illustrate this.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can also have multiple IPython instances in your program and open them
  separately, for example with different options for data presentation.
  If you close and open the same instance multiple times, its prompt counters
  simply continue from each execution to the next.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Please look at the docstrings in the 
 \family typewriter
 Shell.py
 \family default
  module for more details on the use of this system.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following sample file illustrating how to use the embedding functionality
  is provided in the examples directory as 
 \family typewriter
 example-embed.py
 \family default
 .
  It should be fairly self-explanatory:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 \begin_inset ERT
 status open
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 codelist{examples/example-embed.py}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Once you understand how the system functions, you can use the following
  code fragments in your programs which are ready for cut and paste:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 \begin_inset ERT
 status open
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 codelist{examples/example-embed-short.py}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:using-pdb}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Using the Python debugger (
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
 )
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Running entire programs via 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
 , the Python debugger, is a powerful interactive debugger which allows you
  to step through code, set breakpoints, watch variables, etc.
  IPython makes it very easy to start any script under the control of 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
 , regardless of whether you have wrapped it into a 
 \family typewriter
 `main()'
 \family default
  function or not.
  For this, simply type 
 \family typewriter
 `%run -d myscript'
 \family default
  at an IPython prompt.
  See the 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  command's documentation (via 
 \family typewriter
 `%run?'
 \family default
  or in Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:magic}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ) for more details, including how to control where 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
  will stop execution first.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 For more information on the use of the 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
  debugger, read the included 
 \family typewriter
 pdb.doc
 \family default
  file (part of the standard Python distribution).
  On a stock Linux system it is located at 
 \family typewriter
 /usr/lib/python2.3/pdb.doc
 \family default
 , but the easiest way to read it is by using the 
 \family typewriter
 help()
 \family default
  function of the 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
  module as follows (in an IPython prompt):
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 In [1]: import pdb
 \newline
 In [2]: pdb.help()
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This will load the 
 \family typewriter
 pdb.doc
 \family default
  document in a file viewer for you automatically.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Automatic invocation of 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
  on exceptions
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython, if started with the 
 \family typewriter
 -pdb
 \family default
  option (or if the option is set in your rc file) can call the Python 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
  debugger every time your code triggers an uncaught exception
 \begin_inset Foot
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Many thanks to Christopher Hart for the request which prompted adding this
  feature to IPython.
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
  This feature can also be toggled at any time with the 
 \family typewriter
 %pdb
 \family default
  magic command.
  This can be extremely useful in order to find the origin of subtle bugs,
  because 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
  opens up at the point in your code which triggered the exception, and while
  your program is at this point `dead', all the data is still available and
  you can walk up and down the stack frame and understand the origin of the
  problem.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Furthermore, you can use these debugging facilities both with the embedded
  IPython mode and without IPython at all.
  For an embedded shell (see sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:embed}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ), simply call the constructor with 
 \family typewriter
 `-pdb'
 \family default
  in the argument string and automatically 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
  will be called if an uncaught exception is triggered by your code.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 For stand-alone use of the feature in your programs which do not use IPython
  at all, put the following lines toward the top of your `main' routine:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 \align left
 
 \family typewriter
 import sys,IPython.ultraTB 
 \newline
 sys.excepthook = IPython.ultraTB.FormattedTB(mode=`Verbos
 e', color_scheme=`Linux', call_pdb=1)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 mode
 \family default
  keyword can be either 
 \family typewriter
 `Verbose'
 \family default
  or 
 \family typewriter
 `Plain'
 \family default
 , giving either very detailed or normal tracebacks respectively.
  The 
 \family typewriter
 color_scheme
 \family default
  keyword can be one of 
 \family typewriter
 `NoColor'
 \family default
 , 
 \family typewriter
 `Linux'
 \family default
  (default) or 
 \family typewriter
 `LightBG'
 \family default
 .
  These are the same options which can be set in IPython with 
 \family typewriter
 -colors
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 -xmode
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This will give any of your programs detailed, colored tracebacks with automatic
  invocation of 
 \family typewriter
 pdb
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:syntax-extensions}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Extensions for syntax processing
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This isn't for the faint of heart, because the potential for breaking things
  is quite high.
  But it can be a very powerful and useful feature.
  In a nutshell, you can redefine the way IPython processes the user input
  line to accept new, special extensions to the syntax without needing to
  change any of IPython's own code.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 In the 
 \family typewriter
 IPython/Extensions
 \family default
  directory you will find some examples supplied, which we will briefly describe
  now.
  These can be used `as is' (and both provide very useful functionality),
  or you can use them as a starting point for writing your own extensions.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Pasting of code starting with 
 \family typewriter
 `>>> 
 \family default
 ' or 
 \family typewriter
 `...
  
 \family default
 '
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 In the python tutorial it is common to find code examples which have been
  taken from real python sessions.
  The problem with those is that all the lines begin with either 
 \family typewriter
 `>>> 
 \family default
 ' or 
 \family typewriter
 `...
  
 \family default
 ', which makes it impossible to paste them all at once.
  One must instead do a line by line manual copying, carefully removing the
  leading extraneous characters.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This extension identifies those starting characters and removes them from
  the input automatically, so that one can paste multi-line examples directly
  into IPython, saving a lot of time.
  Please look at the file 
 \family typewriter
 InterpreterPasteInput.py
 \family default
  in the 
 \family typewriter
 IPython/Extensions
 \family default
  directory for details on how this is done.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython comes with a special profile enabling this feature, called 
 \family typewriter
 tutorial
 \family default
 \emph on
 .
 
 \emph default
  Simply start IPython via 
 \family typewriter
 `ipython\InsetSpace ~
 -p\InsetSpace ~
 tutorial'
 \family default
  and the feature will be available.
  In a normal IPython session you can activate the feature by importing the
  corresponding module with:
 \newline
 
 \family typewriter
 In [1]: import IPython.Extensions.InterpreterPasteInput
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The following is a 'screenshot' of how things work when this extension is
  on, copying an example from the standard tutorial:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 IPython profile: tutorial
 \newline
 \InsetSpace ~
 
 \newline
 *** Pasting of code with ">>>" or "..." has been enabled.
 \newline
 \InsetSpace ~
 
 \newline
 In
  [1]: >>> def fib2(n): # return Fibonacci series up to n
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  ...: ...\InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  """Return a list containing the Fibonacci series up to n."""
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  ...: ...\InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  result = []
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  ...: ...\InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  a, b = 0, 1
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  ...: ...\InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  while b < n:
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  ...: ...\InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  result.append(b)\InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  # see below
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  ...: ...\InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  a, b = b, a+b
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  ...: ...\InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  return result
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
  ...:
 \newline
 \InsetSpace ~
 
 \newline
 In [2]: fib2(10)
 \newline
 Out[2]: [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Note that as currently written, this extension does 
 \emph on
 not 
 \emph default
 recognize IPython's prompts for pasting.
  Those are more complicated, since the user can change them very easily,
  they involve numbers and can vary in length.
  One could however extract all the relevant information from the IPython
  instance and build an appropriate regular expression.
  This is left as an exercise for the reader.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Input of physical quantities with units
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The module 
 \family typewriter
 PhysicalQInput
 \family default
  allows a simplified form of input for physical quantities with units.
  This file is meant to be used in conjunction with the 
 \family typewriter
 PhysicalQInteractive
 \family default
  module (in the same directory) and 
 \family typewriter
 Physics.PhysicalQuantities
 \family default
  from Konrad Hinsen's ScientificPython (
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://dirac.cnrs-orleans.fr/ScientificPython/}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 Physics.PhysicalQuantities
 \family default
  module defines 
 \family typewriter
 PhysicalQuantity
 \family default
  objects, but these must be declared as instances of a class.
  For example, to define 
 \family typewriter
 v
 \family default
  as a velocity of 3\InsetSpace ~
 m/s, normally you would write:
 \family typewriter
 
 \newline
 In [1]: v = PhysicalQuantity(3,'m/s')
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Using the 
 \family typewriter
 PhysicalQ_Input
 \family default
  extension this can be input instead as:
 \family typewriter
 
 \newline
 In [1]: v = 3 m/s
 \family default
 
 \newline
 which is much more convenient for interactive use (even though it is blatantly
  invalid Python syntax).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 physics
 \family default
  profile supplied with IPython (enabled via 
 \family typewriter
 'ipython -p physics'
 \family default
 ) uses these extensions, which you can also activate with:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 from math import * # math MUST be imported BEFORE PhysicalQInteractive
 \newline
 from
  IPython.Extensions.PhysicalQInteractive import *
 \newline
 import IPython.Extensions.PhysicalQ
 Input
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:IPython-as-shell}
 
 \end_inset
 
 IPython as a system shell
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython ships with a special profile called 
 \family typewriter
 pysh
 \family default
 , which you can activate at the command line as 
 \family typewriter
 `ipython -p pysh'
 \family default
 .
  This loads 
 \family typewriter
 InterpreterExec
 \family default
 , along with some additional facilities and a prompt customized for filesystem
  navigation.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Note that this does 
 \emph on
 not
 \emph default
  make IPython a full-fledged system shell.
  In particular, it has no job control, so if you type Ctrl-Z (under Unix),
  you'll suspend pysh itself, not the process you just started.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 What the shell profile allows you to do is to use the convenient and powerful
  syntax of Python to do quick scripting at the command line.
  Below we describe some of its features.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Aliases
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 All of your 
 \family typewriter
 $PATH
 \family default
  has been loaded as IPython aliases, so you should be able to type any normal
  system command and have it executed.
  See 
 \family typewriter
 %alias?
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 %unalias?
 \family default
  for details on the alias facilities.
  See also 
 \family typewriter
 %rehash?
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 %rehashx? 
 \family default
 for details on the mechanism used to load 
 \family typewriter
 $PATH
 \family default
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Special syntax
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Any lines which begin with 
 \family typewriter
 `~'
 \family default
 , 
 \family typewriter
 `/'
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 `.'
 \family default
  will be executed as shell commands instead of as Python code.
  The special escapes below are also recognized.
  
 \family typewriter
 !cmd
 \family default
  is valid in single or multi-line input, all others are only valid in single-lin
 e input:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \family typewriter
 !cmd
 \family default
  pass `cmd' directly to the shell 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \family typewriter
 !!cmd
 \family default
  execute `cmd' and return output as a list (split on `
 \backslash
 n') 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \family typewriter
 $var=cmd
 \family default
  capture output of cmd into var, as a string 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \family typewriter
 $$var=cmd
 \family default
  capture output of cmd into var, as a list (split on `
 \backslash
 n')
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
 /
 \family typewriter
 $$
 \family default
  syntaxes make Python variables from system output, which you can later
  use for further scripting.
  The converse is also possible: when executing an alias or calling to the
  system via 
 \family typewriter
 !
 \family default
 /
 \family typewriter
 !!
 \family default
 , you can expand any python variable or expression by prepending it with
  
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
 .
  Full details of the allowed syntax can be found in Python's PEP 215.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 A few brief examples will illustrate these (note that the indentation below
  may be incorrectly displayed):
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 fperez[~/test]|3> !ls *s.py 
 \newline
 scopes.py strings.py
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 ls is an internal alias, so there's no need to use 
 \family typewriter
 !
 \family default
 : 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 fperez[~/test]|4> ls *s.py 
 \newline
 scopes.py* strings.py
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 !!ls will return the output into a Python variable: 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 fperez[~/test]|5> !!ls *s.py 
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 <5> ['scopes.py', 'strings.py'] 
 \newline
 fperez[~/test]|6> print _5 
 \newline
 ['scopes.py', 'strings.py
 ']
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 $$
 \family default
  allow direct capture to named variables: 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 fperez[~/test]|7> $astr = ls *s.py 
 \newline
 fperez[~/test]|8> astr 
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 <8> 'scopes.py
 \backslash
 nstrings.py'
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 fperez[~/test]|9> $$alist = ls *s.py 
 \newline
 fperez[~/test]|10> alist 
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 <10> ['scopes.py', 'strings.py']
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 alist is now a normal python list you can loop over.
  Using 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
  will expand back the python values when alias calls are made:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 fperez[~/test]|11> for f in alist: 
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 |..> \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 print 'file',f, 
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 |..> \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 wc -l $f 
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 |..> 
 \newline
 file scopes.py 13 scopes.py 
 \newline
 file strings.py 4 strings.py
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Note that you may need to protect your variables with braces if you want
  to append strings to their names.
  To copy all files in alist to 
 \family typewriter
 .bak
 \family default
  extensions, you must use: 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 fperez[~/test]|12> for f in alist: 
 \newline
 
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 hspace*{0mm}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 |..> \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 cp $f ${f}.bak
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you try using 
 \family typewriter
 $f.bak
 \family default
 , you'll get an AttributeError exception saying that your string object
  doesn't have a 
 \family typewriter
 .bak
 \family default
  attribute.
  This is because the 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
  expansion mechanism allows you to expand full Python expressions: 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 fperez[~/test]|13> echo "sys.platform is: $sys.platform" 
 \newline
 sys.platform is: linux2
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython's input history handling is still active, which allows you to rerun
  a single block of multi-line input by simply using exec: 
 \newline
 
 \family typewriter
 fperez[~/test]|14> $$alist = ls *.eps 
 \newline
 fperez[~/test]|15> exec _i11 
 \newline
 file image2.eps
  921 image2.eps 
 \newline
 file image.eps 921 image.eps
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 While these are new special-case syntaxes, they are designed to allow very
  efficient use of the shell with minimal typing.
  At an interactive shell prompt, conciseness of expression wins over readability.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Useful functions and modules
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The os, sys and shutil modules from the Python standard library are automaticall
 y loaded.
  Some additional functions, useful for shell usage, are listed below.
  You can request more help about them with `
 \family typewriter
 ?
 \family default
 '.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \family typewriter
 shell
 \family default
  - execute a command in the underlying system shell 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \family typewriter
 system
 \family default
  - like 
 \family typewriter
 shell()
 \family default
 , but return the exit status of the command
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \family typewriter
 sout
 \family default
  - capture the output of a command as a string
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \family typewriter
 lout
 \family default
  - capture the output of a command as a list (split on `
 \backslash
 n')
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \family typewriter
 getoutputerror
 \family default
  - capture (output,error) of a shell commandss
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 sout
 \family default
 /
 \family typewriter
 lout
 \family default
  are the functional equivalents of 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
 /
 \family typewriter
 $$
 \family default
 .
  They are provided to allow you to capture system output in the middle of
  true python code, function definitions, etc (where 
 \family typewriter
 $
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 $$
 \family default
  are invalid).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Directory management
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Since each command passed by pysh to the underlying system is executed in
  a subshell which exits immediately, you can NOT use !cd to navigate the
  filesystem.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Pysh provides its own builtin 
 \family typewriter
 `%cd
 \family default
 ' magic command to move in the filesystem (the 
 \family typewriter
 %
 \family default
  is not required with automagic on).
  It also maintains a list of visited directories (use 
 \family typewriter
 %dhist
 \family default
  to see it) and allows direct switching to any of them.
  Type 
 \family typewriter
 `cd?
 \family default
 ' for more details.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 %pushd
 \family default
 , 
 \family typewriter
 %popd
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 %dirs
 \family default
  are provided for directory stack handling.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Prompt customization
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The supplied 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc-pysh
 \family default
  profile comes with an example of a very colored and detailed prompt, mainly
  to serve as an illustration.
  The valid escape sequences, besides color names, are:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 # - Prompt number.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 D - Dots, as many as there are digits in 
 \backslash
 # (so they align).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 w - Current working directory (cwd).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 W - Basename of current working directory.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 X
 \emph on
 N
 \emph default
  - Where 
 \emph on
 N
 \emph default
 =0..5.
  N terms of the cwd, with $HOME written as ~.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 Y
 \emph on
 N
 \emph default
  - Where 
 \emph on
 N
 \emph default
 =0..5.
  Like X
 \emph on
 N
 \emph default
 , but if ~ is term 
 \emph on
 N
 \emph default
 +1 it's also shown.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 u - Username.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 H - Full hostname.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 h - Hostname up to first '.'
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 $ - Root symbol ($ or #).
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 t - Current time, in H:M:S format.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 v - IPython release version.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 n - Newline.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 r - Carriage return.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 
 \backslash
  - An explicitly escaped '
 \backslash
 '.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can configure your prompt colors using any ANSI color escape.
  Each color escape sets the color for any subsequent text, until another
  escape comes in and changes things.
  The valid color escapes are:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_Black
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_Blue
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_Brown
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_Cyan
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_DarkGray
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_Green
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_LightBlue
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_LightCyan
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_LightGray
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_LightGreen
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_LightPurple
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_LightRed
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_Purple
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_Red
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_White
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_Yellow
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 
 \backslash
 C_Normal Stop coloring, defaults to your terminal settings.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Threading-support}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Threading support
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \series bold
 WARNING: 
 \series default
 The threading support is still somewhat experimental, and it has only seen
  reasonable testing under Linux.
  Threaded code is particularly tricky to debug, and it tends to show extremely
  platform-dependent behavior.
  Since I only have access to Linux machines, I will have to rely on user's
  experiences and assistance for this area of IPython to improve under other
  platforms.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython, via the 
 \family typewriter
 -gthread
 \family default
  , 
 \family typewriter
 -qthread
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 -wthread
 \family default
  options (described in Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:threading-opts}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ), can run in multithreaded mode to support pyGTK, Qt and WXPython applications
  respectively.
  These GUI toolkits need to control the python main loop of execution, so
  under a normal Python interpreter, starting a pyGTK, Qt or WXPython application
  will immediately freeze the shell.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython, with one of these options (you can only use one at a time), separates
  the graphical loop and IPython's code execution run into different threads.
  This allows you to test interactively (with 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
 , for example) your GUI code without blocking.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 A nice mini-tutorial on using IPython along with the Qt Designer application
  is available at the SciPy wiki: 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/Matplotlib/Qt_with_IPython_and_Designer}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Tk issues
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 As indicated in Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:threading-opts}
 
 \end_inset
 
 , a special 
 \family typewriter
 -tk
 \family default
  option is provided to try and allow Tk graphical applications to coexist
  interactively with WX, Qt or GTK ones.
  Whether this works at all, however, is very platform and configuration
  dependent.
  Please experiment with simple test cases before committing to using this
  combination of Tk and GTK/Qt/WX threading in a production environment.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Signals and Threads
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 When any of the thread systems (GTK, Qt or WX) are active, either directly
  or via 
 \family typewriter
 -pylab
 \family default
  with a threaded backend, it is impossible to interrupt long-running Python
  code via 
 \family typewriter
 Ctrl-C
 \family default
 .
  IPython can not pass the KeyboardInterrupt exception (or the underlying
  
 \family typewriter
 SIGINT
 \family default
 ) across threads, so any long-running process started from IPython will
  run to completion, or will have to be killed via an external (OS-based)
  mechanism.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 To the best of my knowledge, this limitation is imposed by the Python interprete
 r itself, and it comes from the difficulty of writing portable signal/threaded
  code.
  If any user is an expert on this topic and can suggest a better solution,
  I would love to hear about it.
  In the IPython sources, look at the 
 \family typewriter
 Shell.py
 \family default
  module, and in particular at the 
 \family typewriter
 runcode()
 \family default
  method.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 I/O pitfalls
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Be mindful that the Python interpreter switches between threads every 
 \begin_inset Formula $N$
 \end_inset
 
  bytecodes, where the default value as of Python\InsetSpace ~
 2.3 is 
 \begin_inset Formula $N=100.$
 \end_inset
 
  This value can be read by using the 
 \family typewriter
 sys.getcheckinterval()
 \family default
  function, and it can be reset via 
 \family typewriter
 sys.setcheckinterval(
 \emph on
 N
 \emph default
 )
 \family default
 .
  This switching of threads can cause subtly confusing effects if one of
  your threads is doing file I/O.
  In text mode, most systems only flush file buffers when they encounter
  a 
 \family typewriter
 `
 \backslash
 n'
 \family default
 .
  An instruction as simple as
 \family typewriter
 
 \newline
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 print >> filehandle, 
 \begin_inset Quotes eld
 \end_inset
 
 hello world
 \begin_inset Quotes erd
 \end_inset
 
 
 \family default
 
 \newline
 actually consists of several bytecodes, so it is possible that the newline
  does not reach your file before the next thread switch.
  Similarly, if you are writing to a file in binary mode, the file won't
  be flushed until the buffer fills, and your other thread may see apparently
  truncated files.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 For this reason, if you are using IPython's thread support and have (for
  example) a GUI application which will read data generated by files written
  to from the IPython thread, the safest approach is to open all of your
  files in unbuffered mode (the third argument to the 
 \family typewriter
 file/open
 \family default
  function is the buffering value):
 \newline
 
 \family typewriter
 \InsetSpace ~
 \InsetSpace ~
 filehandle = open(filename,mode,0)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This is obviously a brute force way of avoiding race conditions with the
  file buffering.
  If you want to do it cleanly, and you have a resource which is being shared
  by the interactive IPython loop and your GUI thread, you should really
  handle it with thread locking and syncrhonization properties.
  The Python documentation discusses these.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:interactive-demos}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Interactive demos with IPython
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython ships with a basic system for running scripts interactively in sections,
  useful when presenting code to audiences.
  A few tags embedded in comments (so that the script remains valid Python
  code) divide a file into separate blocks, and the demo can be run one block
  at a time, with IPython printing (with syntax highlighting) the block before
  executing it, and returning to the interactive prompt after each block.
  The interactive namespace is updated after each block is run with the contents
  of the demo's namespace.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This allows you to show a piece of code, run it and then execute interactively
  commands based on the variables just created.
  Once you want to continue, you simply execute the next block of the demo.
  The following listing shows the markup necessary for dividing a script
  into sections for execution as a demo.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 \begin_inset ERT
 status open
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 codelist{examples/example-demo.py}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 In order to run a file as a demo, you must first make a 
 \family typewriter
 Demo
 \family default
  object out of it.
  If the file is named 
 \family typewriter
 myscript.py
 \family default
 , the following code will make a demo:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 from IPython.demo import Demo
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 mydemo = Demo('myscript.py')
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This creates the 
 \family typewriter
 mydemo
 \family default
  object, whose blocks you run one at a time by simply calling the object
  with no arguments.
  If you have autocall active in IPython (the default), all you need to do
  is type
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 mydemo
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 and IPython will call it, executing each block.
  Demo objects can be restarted, you can move forward or back skipping blocks,
  re-execute the last block, etc.
  Simply use the Tab key on a demo object to see its methods, and call 
 \family typewriter
 `?'
 \family default
  on them to see their docstrings for more usage details.
  In addition, the 
 \family typewriter
 demo
 \family default
  module itself contains a comprehensive docstring, which you can access
  via
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 from IPython import demo
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout LyX-Code
 demo?
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \series bold
 Limitations:
 \series default
  It is important to note that these demos are limited to fairly simple uses.
  In particular, you can 
 \emph on
 not
 \emph default
  put division marks in indented code (loops, if statements, function definitions
 , etc.) Supporting something like this would basically require tracking the
  internal execution state of the Python interpreter, so only top-level divisions
  are allowed.
  If you want to be able to open an IPython instance at an arbitrary point
  in a program, you can use IPython's embedding facilities, described in
  detail in Sec\SpecialChar \@.
 \InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:embed}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:matplotlib-support}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Plotting with 
 \family typewriter
 matplotlib
 \family default
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The matplotlib library (
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl[http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net]{http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ) provides high quality 2D plotting for Python.
  Matplotlib can produce plots on screen using a variety of GUI toolkits,
  including Tk, GTK and WXPython.
  It also provides a number of commands useful for scientific computing,
  all with a syntax compatible with that of the popular Matlab program.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython accepts the special option 
 \family typewriter
 -pylab
 \family default
  (Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:cmd-line-opts}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ).
  This configures it to support matplotlib, honoring the settings in the
  
 \family typewriter
 .matplotlibrc
 \family default
  file.
  IPython will detect the user's choice of matplotlib GUI backend, and automatica
 lly select the proper threading model to prevent blocking.
  It also sets matplotlib in interactive mode and modifies 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  slightly, so that any matplotlib-based script can be executed using 
 \family typewriter
 %run
 \family default
  and the final 
 \family typewriter
 show()
 \family default
  command does not block the interactive shell.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 -pylab
 \family default
  option must be given first in order for IPython to configure its threading
  mode.
  However, you can still issue other options afterwards.
  This allows you to have a matplotlib-based environment customized with
  additional modules using the standard IPython profile mechanism (Sec.\InsetSpace ~
 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:profiles}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ): ``
 \family typewriter
 ipython -pylab -p myprofile
 \family default
 '' will load the profile defined in 
 \family typewriter
 ipythonrc-myprofile
 \family default
  after configuring matplotlib.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Gnuplot}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Plotting with 
 \family typewriter
 Gnuplot
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Through the magic extension system described in sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:magic}
 
 \end_inset
 
 , IPython incorporates a mechanism for conveniently interfacing with the
  Gnuplot system (
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://www.gnuplot.info}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ).
  Gnuplot is a very complete 2D and 3D plotting package available for many
  operating systems and commonly included in modern Linux distributions.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Besides having Gnuplot installed, this functionality requires the 
 \family typewriter
 Gnuplot.py
 \family default
  module for interfacing python with Gnuplot.
  It can be downloaded from: 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://gnuplot-py.sourceforge.net}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Proper Gnuplot configuration
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 As of version 4.0, Gnuplot has excellent mouse and interactive keyboard support.
  However, as of 
 \family typewriter
 Gnuplot.py
 \family default
  version 1.7, a new option was added to communicate between Python and Gnuplot
  via FIFOs (pipes).
  This mechanism, while fast, also breaks the mouse system.
  You must therefore set the variable 
 \family typewriter
 prefer_fifo_data
 \family default
  to 
 \family typewriter
 0
 \family default
  in file 
 \family typewriter
 gp_unix.py
 \family default
  if you wish to keep the interactive mouse and keyboard features working
  properly (
 \family typewriter
 prefer_inline_data
 \family default
  also must be 
 \family typewriter
 0
 \family default
 , but this is the default so unless you've changed it manually you should
  be fine).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 'Out of the box', Gnuplot is configured with a rather poor set of size,
  color and linewidth choices which make the graphs fairly hard to read on
  modern high-resolution displays (although they work fine on old 640x480
  ones).
  Below is a section of my 
 \family typewriter
 .Xdefaults
 \family default
  file which I use for having a more convenient Gnuplot setup.
  Remember to load it by running 
 \family typewriter
 `xrdb .Xdefaults`
 \family default
 :
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 !******************************************************************
 \newline
 ! gnuplot
  options
 \newline
 ! modify this for a convenient window size
 \newline
 gnuplot*geometry: 780x580
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 ! on-screen font (not for PostScript)
 \newline
 gnuplot*font: -misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--15
 -120-100-100-c-90-iso8859-1
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 ! color options
 \newline
 gnuplot*background: black
 \newline
 gnuplot*textColor: white
 \newline
 gnuplot*borderCo
 lor: white
 \newline
 gnuplot*axisColor: white
 \newline
 gnuplot*line1Color: red
 \newline
 gnuplot*line2Color:
  green
 \newline
 gnuplot*line3Color: blue
 \newline
 gnuplot*line4Color: magenta
 \newline
 gnuplot*line5Color:
  cyan
 \newline
 gnuplot*line6Color: sienna
 \newline
 gnuplot*line7Color: orange
 \newline
 gnuplot*line8Color:
  coral
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 ! multiplicative factor for point styles
 \newline
 gnuplot*pointsize: 2
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 \family typewriter
 ! line width options (in pixels)
 \newline
 gnuplot*borderWidth: 2
 \newline
 gnuplot*axisWidth:
  2
 \newline
 gnuplot*line1Width: 2
 \newline
 gnuplot*line2Width: 2
 \newline
 gnuplot*line3Width: 2
 \newline
 gnuplot*line4Wi
 dth: 2
 \newline
 gnuplot*line5Width: 2
 \newline
 gnuplot*line6Width: 2
 \newline
 gnuplot*line7Width: 2
 \newline
 gnuplot*lin
 e8Width: 2
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 The 
 \family typewriter
 IPython.GnuplotRuntime
 \family default
  module
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython includes a module called 
 \family typewriter
 Gnuplot2.py
 \family default
  which extends and improves the default 
 \family typewriter
 Gnuplot
 \family default
 .
 \family typewriter
 py
 \family default
  (which it still relies upon).
  For example, the new 
 \family typewriter
 plot
 \family default
  function adds several improvements to the original making it more convenient
  for interactive use, and 
 \family typewriter
 hardcopy
 \family default
  fixes a bug in the original which under some circumstances blocks the creation
  of PostScript output.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 For scripting use, 
 \family typewriter
 GnuplotRuntime.py
 \family default
  is provided, which wraps 
 \family typewriter
 Gnuplot2.py
 \family default
  and creates a series of global aliases.
  These make it easy to control Gnuplot plotting jobs through the Python
  language.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Below is some example code which illustrates how to configure Gnuplot inside
  your own programs but have it available for further interactive use through
  an embedded IPython instance.
  Simply run this file at a system prompt.
  This file is provided as 
 \family typewriter
 example-gnuplot.py
 \family default
  in the examples directory:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 \begin_inset ERT
 status open
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 codelist{examples/example-gnuplot.py}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 The 
 \family typewriter
 numeric
 \family default
  profile: a scientific computing environment
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The 
 \family typewriter
 numeric
 \family default
  IPython profile, which you can activate with 
 \family typewriter
 `ipython -p numeric
 \family default
 ' will automatically load the IPython Gnuplot extensions (plus Numeric and
  other useful things for numerical computing), contained in the 
 \family typewriter
 IPython.GnuplotInteractive
 \family default
  module.
  This will create the globals 
 \family typewriter
 Gnuplot 
 \family default
 (an alias to the improved Gnuplot2 module), 
 \family typewriter
 gp
 \family default
  (a Gnuplot active instance), the new magic commands 
 \family typewriter
 %gpc
 \family default
  and 
 \family typewriter
 %gp_set_instance
 \family default
  and several other convenient globals.
  Type 
 \family typewriter
 gphelp()
 \family default
  for further details.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 This should turn IPython into a convenient environment for numerical computing,
  with all the functions in the NumPy library and the Gnuplot facilities
  for plotting.
  Further improvements can be obtained by loading the SciPy libraries for
  scientific computing, available at 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://scipy.org}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 If you are in the middle of a working session with numerical objects and
  need to plot them but you didn't start the 
 \family typewriter
 numeric
 \family default
  profile, you can load these extensions at any time by typing
 \newline
 
 \family typewriter
 from IPython.GnuplotInteractive import *
 \newline
 
 \family default
 at the IPython prompt.
  This will allow you to keep your objects intact and start using Gnuplot
  to view them.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 Reporting bugs
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection*
 Automatic crash reports
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Ideally, IPython itself shouldn't crash.
  It will catch exceptions produced by you, but bugs in its internals will
  still crash it.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 In such a situation, IPython will leave a file named 
 \family typewriter
 IPython_crash_report.txt
 \family default
  in your IPYTHONDIR directory (that way if crashes happen several times
  it won't litter many directories, the post-mortem file is always located
  in the same place and new occurrences just overwrite the previous one).
  If you can mail this file to the developers (see sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:credits}
 
 \end_inset
 
  for names and addresses), it will help us 
 \emph on
 a lot
 \emph default
  in understanding the cause of the problem and fixing it sooner.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection*
 The bug tracker
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython also has an online bug-tracker, located at 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://projects.scipy.org/ipython/ipython/report/1}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
  In addition to mailing the developers, it would be a good idea to file
  a bug report here.
  This will ensure that the issue is properly followed to conclusion.
  To report new bugs you will have to register first.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 You can also use this bug tracker to file feature requests.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 Brief history
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Origins
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The current IPython system grew out of the following three projects:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 ipython by Fernando P
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 '{e}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 rez.
  I was working on adding Mathematica-type prompts and a flexible configuration
  system (something better than 
 \family typewriter
 $PYTHONSTARTUP
 \family default
 ) to the standard Python interactive interpreter.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 IPP by Janko Hauser.
  Very well organized, great usability.
  Had an old help system.
  IPP was used as the `container' code into which I added the functionality
  from ipython and LazyPython.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 LazyPython by Nathan Gray.
  Simple but 
 \emph on
 very
 \emph default
  powerful.
  The quick syntax (auto parens, auto quotes) and verbose/colored tracebacks
  were all taken from here.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 When I found out (see sec.
  
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{figgins}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ) about IPP and LazyPython I tried to join all three into a unified system.
  I thought this could provide a very nice working environment, both for
  regular programming and scientific computing: shell-like features, IDL/Matlab
  numerics, Mathematica-type prompt history and great object introspection
  and help facilities.
  I think it worked reasonably well, though it was a lot more work than I
  had initially planned.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Current status
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The above listed features work, and quite well for the most part.
  But until a major internal restructuring is done (see below), only bug
  fixing will be done, no other features will be added (unless very minor
  and well localized in the cleaner parts of the code).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython consists of some 18000 lines of pure python code, of which roughly
  two thirds is reasonably clean.
  The rest is, messy code which needs a massive restructuring before any
  further major work is done.
  Even the messy code is fairly well documented though, and most of the problems
  in the (non-existent) class design are well pointed to by a PyChecker run.
  So the rewriting work isn't that bad, it will just be time-consuming.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Subsection
 Future
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 See the separate 
 \family typewriter
 new_design
 \family default
  document for details.
  Ultimately, I would like to see IPython become part of the standard Python
  distribution as a `big brother with batteries' to the standard Python interacti
 ve interpreter.
  But that will never happen with the current state of the code, so all contribut
 ions are welcome.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 License
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython is released under the terms of the BSD license, whose general form
  can be found at: 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
  The full text of the IPython license is reproduced below:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 
 \family typewriter
 \size small
 IPython is released under a BSD-type license.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 
 \family typewriter
 \size small
 Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Fernando Perez <[e-mail]>.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 
 \family typewriter
 \size small
 Copyright (c) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]> and 
 \newline
 Nathaniel Gray <n8gray@ca
 ltech.edu>.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 
 \family typewriter
 \size small
 All rights reserved.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 
 \family typewriter
 \size small
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
  are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 
 \family typewriter
 \size small
 a.
  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 
 \family typewriter
 \size small
 b.
  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 
 \family typewriter
 \size small
 c.
  Neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of any contributors
  to this software may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
  this software without specific prior written permission.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Quote
 
 \family typewriter
 \size small
 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
  IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
  THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
  PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
  INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
  BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
  USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
  ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
  THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Individual authors are the holders of the copyright for their code and are
  listed in each file.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Some files (
 \family typewriter
 DPyGetOpt.py
 \family default
 , for example) may be licensed under different conditions.
  Ultimately each file indicates clearly the conditions under which its author/au
 thors have decided to publish the code.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Versions of IPython up to and including 0.6.3 were released under the GNU
  Lesser General Public License (LGPL), available at 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:credits}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Credits
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython is mainly developed by Fernando P
 \begin_inset ERT
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 
 
 \backslash
 '{e}
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 rez 
 \family typewriter
 <[e-mail]>
 \family default
 , but the project was born from mixing in Fernando's code with the IPP project
  by Janko Hauser 
 \family typewriter
 <jhauser-AT-zscout.de>
 \family default
  and LazyPython by Nathan Gray 
 \family typewriter
 <n8gray-AT-caltech.edu>
 \family default
 .
  For all IPython-related requests, please contact Fernando.
  
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 As of early 2006, the following developers have joined the core team:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Robert\InsetSpace ~
 Kern 
 \family typewriter
 <rkern-AT-enthought.com>
 \family default
 : co-mentored the 2005 Google Summer of Code project to develop python interacti
 ve notebooks (XML documents) and graphical interface.
  This project was awarded to the students Tzanko Matev 
 \family typewriter
 <tsanko-AT-gmail.com>
 \family default
  and Toni Alatalo 
 \family typewriter
 <antont-AT-an.org>
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Brian\InsetSpace ~
 Granger 
 \family typewriter
 <bgranger-AT-scu.edu>
 \family default
 : extending IPython to allow support for interactive parallel computing.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Ville\InsetSpace ~
 Vainio 
 \family typewriter
 <vivainio-AT-gmail.com>
 \family default
 : Ville is the new maintainer for the main trunk of IPython after version
  0.7.1.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 User or development help should be requested via the IPython mailing lists:
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 User\InsetSpace ~
 list: 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://scipy.net/mailman/listinfo/ipython-user}
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description
 Developer's\InsetSpace ~
 list: 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://scipy.net/mailman/listinfo/ipython-dev}
 
 \end_inset
 
 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 The IPython project is also very grateful to
 \begin_inset Foot
 status collapsed
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 I've mangled email addresses to reduce spam, since the IPython manuals can
  be accessed online.
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
 
 :
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Bill Bumgarner 
 \family typewriter
 <bbum-AT-friday.com>
 \family default
 : for providing the DPyGetOpt module which gives very powerful and convenient
  handling of command-line options (light years ahead of what Python 2.1.1's
  getopt module does).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Ka-Ping Yee 
 \family typewriter
 <ping-AT-lfw.org>
 \family default
 : for providing the Itpl module for convenient and powerful string interpolation
  with a much nicer syntax than formatting through the '%' operator.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Arnd Baecker 
 \family typewriter
 <baecker-AT-physik.tu-dresden.de>
 \family default
 : for his many very useful suggestions and comments, and lots of help with
  testing and documentation checking.
  Many of IPython's newer features are a result of discussions with him (bugs
  are still my fault, not his).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 Obviously Guido van\InsetSpace ~
 Rossum and the whole Python development team, that goes
  without saying.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 IPython's website is generously hosted at 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://ipython.scipy.org}
 
 \end_inset
 
  by Enthought (
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://www.enthought.com}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ).
  I am very grateful to them and all of the SciPy team for their contribution.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{figgins}
 
 \end_inset
 
 Fernando would also like to thank Stephen Figgins 
 \family typewriter
 <fig-AT-monitor.net>
 \family default
 , an O'Reilly Python editor.
  His Oct/11/2001 article about IPP and LazyPython, was what got this project
  started.
  You can read it at: 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/python/2001/10/11/pythonnews.html}
 
 \end_inset
 
 .
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
 And last but not least, all the kind IPython users who have emailed new
  code, bug reports, fixes, comments and ideas.
  A brief list follows, please let me know if I have ommitted your name by
  accident: 
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Jack\InsetSpace ~
 Moffit 
 \family typewriter
 <jack-AT-xiph.org>
 \family default
  Bug fixes, including the infamous color problem.
  This bug alone caused many lost hours and frustration, many thanks to him
  for the fix.
  I've always been a fan of Ogg & friends, now I have one more reason to
  like these folks.
 \newline
 Jack is also contributing with Debian packaging and many
  other things.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Alexander\InsetSpace ~
 Schmolck 
 \family typewriter
 <a.schmolck-AT-gmx.net> 
 \family default
 Emacs work, bug reports, bug fixes, ideas, lots more.
  The ipython.el mode for (X)Emacs is Alex's code, providing full support
  for IPython under (X)Emacs.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Andrea\InsetSpace ~
 Riciputi 
 \family typewriter
 <andrea.riciputi-AT-libero.it>
 \family default
  Mac OSX information, Fink package management.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Gary\InsetSpace ~
 Bishop 
 \family typewriter
 <gb-AT-cs.unc.edu>
 \family default
  Bug reports, and patches to work around the exception handling idiosyncracies
  of WxPython.
  Readline and color support for Windows.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Jeffrey\InsetSpace ~
 Collins 
 \family typewriter
 <Jeff.Collins-AT-vexcel.com>
 \family default
  Bug reports.
  Much improved readline support, including fixes for Python 2.3.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Dryice\InsetSpace ~
 Liu 
 \family typewriter
 <dryice-AT-liu.com.cn>
 \family default
  FreeBSD port.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Mike\InsetSpace ~
 Heeter 
 \family typewriter
 <korora-AT-SDF.LONESTAR.ORG>
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Christopher\InsetSpace ~
 Hart 
 \family typewriter
 <hart-AT-caltech.edu>
 \family default
  PDB integration.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Milan\InsetSpace ~
 Zamazal 
 \family typewriter
 <pdm-AT-zamazal.org>
 \family default
  Emacs info.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Philip\InsetSpace ~
 Hisley 
 \family typewriter
 <compsys-AT-starpower.net>
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Holger\InsetSpace ~
 Krekel 
 \family typewriter
 <pyth-AT-devel.trillke.net>
 \family default
  Tab completion, lots more.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Robin\InsetSpace ~
 Siebler 
 \family typewriter
 <robinsiebler-AT-starband.net>
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Ralf\InsetSpace ~
 Ahlbrink
 \family typewriter
  <ralf_ahlbrink-AT-web.de>
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Thorsten\InsetSpace ~
 Kampe 
 \family typewriter
 <thorsten-AT-thorstenkampe.de>
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Fredrik\InsetSpace ~
 Kant 
 \family typewriter
 <fredrik.kant-AT-front.com>
 \family default
  Windows setup.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Syver\InsetSpace ~
 Enstad 
 \family typewriter
 <syver-en-AT-online.no>
 \family default
  Windows setup.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Richard 
 \family typewriter
 <rxe-AT-renre-europe.com>
 \family default
  Global embedding.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Hayden\InsetSpace ~
 Callow 
 \family typewriter
 <h.callow-AT-elec.canterbury.ac.nz>
 \family default
  Gnuplot.py 1.6 compatibility.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Leonardo\InsetSpace ~
 Santagada 
 \family typewriter
 <retype-AT-terra.com.br>
 \family default
  Fixes for Windows installation.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Christopher\InsetSpace ~
 Armstrong 
 \family typewriter
 <radix-AT-twistedmatrix.com>
 \family default
  Bugfixes.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Francois\InsetSpace ~
 Pinard 
 \family typewriter
 <pinard-AT-iro.umontreal.ca>
 \family default
  Code and documentation fixes.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Cory\InsetSpace ~
 Dodt 
 \family typewriter
 <cdodt-AT-fcoe.k12.ca.us>
 \family default
  Bug reports and Windows ideas.
  Patches for Windows installer.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Olivier\InsetSpace ~
 Aubert 
 \family typewriter
 <oaubert-AT-bat710.univ-lyon1.fr>
 \family default
  New magics.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 King\InsetSpace ~
 C.\InsetSpace ~
 Shu 
 \family typewriter
 <kingshu-AT-myrealbox.com>
 \family default
  Autoindent patch.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Chris\InsetSpace ~
 Drexler 
 \family typewriter
 <chris-AT-ac-drexler.de>
 \family default
  Readline packages for Win32/CygWin.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Gustavo\InsetSpace ~
 Cordova\InsetSpace ~
 Avila 
 \family typewriter
 <gcordova-AT-sismex.com>
 \family default
  EvalDict code for nice, lightweight string interpolation.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Kasper\InsetSpace ~
 Souren 
 \family typewriter
 <Kasper.Souren-AT-ircam.fr>
 \family default
  Bug reports, ideas.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Gever\InsetSpace ~
 Tulley 
 \family typewriter
 <gever-AT-helium.com>
 \family default
  Code contributions.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Ralf\InsetSpace ~
 Schmitt 
 \family typewriter
 <ralf-AT-brainbot.com>
 \family default
  Bug reports & fixes.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Oliver\InsetSpace ~
 Sander 
 \family typewriter
 <osander-AT-gmx.de>
 \family default
  Bug reports.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Rod\InsetSpace ~
 Holland 
 \family typewriter
 <rhh-AT-structurelabs.com>
 \family default
  Bug reports and fixes to logging module.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Daniel\InsetSpace ~
 'Dang'\InsetSpace ~
 Griffith 
 \family typewriter
 <pythondev-dang-AT-lazytwinacres.net>
 \family default
  Fixes, enhancement suggestions for system shell use.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Viktor\InsetSpace ~
 Ransmayr 
 \family typewriter
 <viktor.ransmayr-AT-t-online.de>
 \family default
  Tests and reports on Windows installation issues.
  Contributed a true Windows binary installer.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Mike\InsetSpace ~
 Salib 
 \family typewriter
 <msalib-AT-mit.edu>
 \family default
  Help fixing a subtle bug related to traceback printing.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 W.J.\InsetSpace ~
 van\InsetSpace ~
 der\InsetSpace ~
 Laan 
 \family typewriter
 <gnufnork-AT-hetdigitalegat.nl>
 \family default
  Bash-like prompt specials.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Antoon\InsetSpace ~
 Pardon 
 \family typewriter
 <Antoon.Pardon-AT-rece.vub.ac.be>
 \family default
  Critical fix for the multithreaded IPython.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 John\InsetSpace ~
 Hunter 
 \family typewriter
 <jdhunter-AT-nitace.bsd.uchicago.edu>
 \family default
  Matplotlib author, helped with all the development of support for matplotlib
  in IPyhton, including making necessary changes to matplotlib itself.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Matthew\InsetSpace ~
 Arnison 
 \family typewriter
 <maffew-AT-cat.org.au>
 \family default
  Bug reports, `
 \family typewriter
 %run -d
 \family default
 ' idea.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Prabhu\InsetSpace ~
 Ramachandran 
 \family typewriter
 <prabhu_r-AT-users.sourceforge.net>
 \family default
  Help with (X)Emacs support, threading patches, ideas...
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Norbert\InsetSpace ~
 Tretkowski 
 \family typewriter
 <tretkowski-AT-inittab.de>
 \family default
  help with Debian packaging and distribution.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 George\InsetSpace ~
 Sakkis <
 \family typewriter
 gsakkis-AT-eden.rutgers.edu>
 \family default
  New matcher for tab-completing named arguments of user-defined functions.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 J�rgen\InsetSpace ~
 Stenarson 
 \family typewriter
 <jorgen.stenarson-AT-bostream.nu>
 \family default
  Wildcard support implementation for searching namespaces.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Vivian\InsetSpace ~
 De\InsetSpace ~
 Smedt 
 \family typewriter
 <vivian-AT-vdesmedt.com>
 \family default
  Debugger enhancements, so that when pdb is activated from within IPython,
  coloring, tab completion and other features continue to work seamlessly.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Scott\InsetSpace ~
 Tsai 
 \family typewriter
 <scottt958-AT-yahoo.com.tw>
 \family default
  Support for automatic editor invocation on syntax errors (see 
 \begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://www.scipy.net/roundup/ipython/issue36}
 
 \end_inset
 
 ).
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Alexander\InsetSpace ~
 Belchenko 
 \family typewriter
 <bialix-AT-ukr.net>
 \family default
  Improvements for win32 paging system.
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout List
 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
 Will\InsetSpace ~
 Maier 
 \family typewriter
 <willmaier-AT-ml1.net>
 \family default
  Official OpenBSD port.
 \end_layout
 
 \end_body
 \end_document

setup.py

@@ -1,173 +1,172 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Setup script for IPython.
 
 Under Posix environments it works like a typical setup.py script. 
 Under Windows, the command sdist is not supported, since IPython 
 requires utilities, which are not available under Windows."""
 
 #*****************************************************************************
 #       Copyright (C) 2001-2005 Fernando Perez <[e-mail]>
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #*****************************************************************************
 
 import sys, os
 from glob import glob
 from setupext import install_data_ext
 isfile = os.path.isfile
 
 # BEFORE importing distutils, remove MANIFEST. distutils doesn't properly
 # update it when the contents of directories change.
 if os.path.exists('MANIFEST'): os.remove('MANIFEST')
 
 if os.name == 'posix':
     os_name = 'posix'
 elif os.name in ['nt','dos']:
     os_name = 'windows'
 else:
     print 'Unsupported operating system:',os.name
     sys.exit(1)
 
 # Under Windows, 'sdist' is not supported, since it requires lyxport (and
 # hence lyx,perl,latex,pdflatex,latex2html,sh,...)
 if os_name == 'windows' and 'sdist' in sys.argv:
     print 'The sdist command is not available under Windows.  Exiting.'
     sys.exit(1)
 
 from distutils.core import setup
 
 # update the manuals when building a source dist
 if len(sys.argv) >= 2 and sys.argv[1] in ('sdist','bdist_rpm'):
     from IPython.genutils import target_update
     # list of things to be updated. Each entry is a triplet of args for
     # target_update()
     to_update = [('doc/magic.tex',
                   ['IPython/Magic.py'],
                   "cd doc && ./update_magic.sh" ),
                  
                  ('doc/manual.lyx',
                   ['IPython/Release.py','doc/manual_base.lyx'],
                   "cd doc && ./update_version.sh" ),
                  
                  ('doc/manual/manual.html',
                   ['doc/manual.lyx',
                    'doc/magic.tex',
                    'doc/examples/example-gnuplot.py',
-                   'doc/examples/example-magic.py',
                    'doc/examples/example-embed.py',
                    'doc/examples/example-embed-short.py',
                    'IPython/UserConfig/ipythonrc',
                    ],
                   "cd doc && "
                   "lyxport -tt --leave --pdf "
                   "--html -o '-noinfo -split +1 -local_icons' manual.lyx"),
                  
                  ('doc/new_design.pdf',
                   ['doc/new_design.lyx'],
                   "cd doc && lyxport -tt --pdf new_design.lyx"),
 
                  ('doc/ipython.1.gz',
                   ['doc/ipython.1'],
                   "cd doc && gzip -9c ipython.1 > ipython.1.gz"),
 
                  ('doc/pycolor.1.gz',
                   ['doc/pycolor.1'],
                   "cd doc && gzip -9c pycolor.1 > pycolor.1.gz"),
                  ]
     for target in to_update:
         target_update(*target)
 
 # Release.py contains version, authors, license, url, keywords, etc.
 execfile(os.path.join('IPython','Release.py'))
 
 # A little utility we'll need below, since glob() does NOT allow you to do
 # exclusion on multiple endings!
 def file_doesnt_endwith(test,endings):
     """Return true if test is a file and its name does NOT end with any
     of the strings listed in endings."""
     if not isfile(test):
         return False
     for e in endings:
         if test.endswith(e):
             return False
     return True
 
 # I can't find how to make distutils create a nested dir. structure, so
 # in the meantime do it manually. Butt ugly.
 # Note that http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~noel/distutils.html, ex. 2/3, contain
 # information on how to do this more cleanly once python 2.4 can be assumed.
 # Thanks to Noel for the tip.
 docdirbase  = 'share/doc/ipython-%s' % version
 manpagebase = 'share/man/man1'
 
 # We only need to exclude from this things NOT already excluded in the
 # MANIFEST.in file.
 exclude     = ('.sh','.1.gz')
 docfiles    = filter(lambda f:file_doesnt_endwith(f,exclude),glob('doc/*'))
 
 examfiles   = filter(isfile, glob('doc/examples/*.py'))
 manfiles    = filter(isfile, glob('doc/manual/*.html')) + \
               filter(isfile, glob('doc/manual/*.css')) + \
               filter(isfile, glob('doc/manual/*.png'))
 manpages    = filter(isfile, glob('doc/*.1.gz'))
 cfgfiles    = filter(isfile, glob('IPython/UserConfig/*'))
 scriptfiles = filter(isfile, ['scripts/ipython','scripts/pycolor',
                               'scripts/irunner'])
 igridhelpfiles = filter(isfile, glob('IPython/Extensions/igrid_help.*'))
 
 # Script to be run by the windows binary installer after the default setup
 # routine, to add shortcuts and similar windows-only things.  Windows
 # post-install scripts MUST reside in the scripts/ dir, otherwise distutils
 # doesn't find them.
 if 'bdist_wininst' in sys.argv:
     if len(sys.argv) > 2 and ('sdist' in sys.argv or 'bdist_rpm' in sys.argv):
         print >> sys.stderr,"ERROR: bdist_wininst must be run alone. Exiting."
         sys.exit(1)
     scriptfiles.append('scripts/ipython_win_post_install.py')
 
 datafiles = [('data', docdirbase, docfiles),
                           ('data', os.path.join(docdirbase, 'examples'),
                            examfiles),
                           ('data', os.path.join(docdirbase, 'manual'),
                            manfiles),
                           ('data', manpagebase, manpages),
                           ('lib', 'IPython/UserConfig', cfgfiles),
                           ('data','IPython/Extensions', igridhelpfiles)]
 if 'setuptools' in sys.modules:
     # setuptools config for egg building
     egg_extra_kwds = {
         'entry_points': {
             'console_scripts': [
             'ipython = IPython.ipapi:launch_new_instance',
             'pycolor = IPython.PyColorize:main'
             ]}
         }
     scriptfiles = []
     # eggs will lack docs, examples XXX not anymore
     #datafiles = [('lib', 'IPython/UserConfig', cfgfiles)]
 else:
     egg_extra_kwds = {}
 
 
 # Call the setup() routine which does most of the work
 setup(name             = name,
       version          = version,
       description      = description,
       long_description = long_description,
       author           = authors['Fernando'][0],
       author_email     = authors['Fernando'][1],
       url              = url,
       download_url     = download_url,
       license          = license,
       platforms        = platforms,
       keywords         = keywords,
       packages         = ['IPython', 'IPython.Extensions', 'IPython.external'],
       scripts          = scriptfiles,
       
       cmdclass         = {'install_data': install_data_ext},
       data_files       = datafiles,
       # extra params needed for eggs
       **egg_extra_kwds                        
       )

win32_manual_post_install.py

@@ -1,136 +1,141 b''
 #!python
 """Windows-specific part of the installation"""
 
 import os, sys
 
 try:
     import shutil,pythoncom
     from win32com.shell import shell
     import _winreg as wreg
 except ImportError:
     print """
 You seem to be missing the PythonWin extensions necessary for automatic
 installation.  You can get them (free) from
 http://starship.python.net/crew/mhammond/
 
 Please see the manual for details if you want to finish the installation by
 hand, or get PythonWin and repeat the procedure.
 
 Press <Enter> to exit this installer."""
     raw_input()
     sys.exit()
 
 
 def make_shortcut(fname,target,args='',start_in='',comment='',icon=None):
     """Make a Windows shortcut (.lnk) file.
 
     make_shortcut(fname,target,args='',start_in='',comment='',icon=None)
 
     Arguments:
         fname - name of the final shortcut file (include the .lnk)
         target - what the shortcut will point to
         args - additional arguments to pass to the target program
         start_in - directory where the target command will be called
         comment - for the popup tooltips
         icon - optional icon file. This must be a tuple of the type 
         (icon_file,index), where index is the index of the icon you want
         in the file. For single .ico files, index=0, but for icon libraries
         contained in a single file it can be >0.
     """
 
     shortcut = pythoncom.CoCreateInstance(
         shell.CLSID_ShellLink, None,
         pythoncom.CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, shell.IID_IShellLink
     )
     shortcut.SetPath(target)
     shortcut.SetArguments(args)
     shortcut.SetWorkingDirectory(start_in)
     shortcut.SetDescription(comment)
     if icon:
         shortcut.SetIconLocation(*icon)
     shortcut.QueryInterface(pythoncom.IID_IPersistFile).Save(fname,0)
 
 
 def run(wait=0):
     # Find where the Start Menu and My Documents are on the filesystem
     key = wreg.OpenKey(wreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
                        r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion'
                        r'\Explorer\Shell Folders')
 
     programs_dir = wreg.QueryValueEx(key,'Programs')[0]
     my_documents_dir = wreg.QueryValueEx(key,'Personal')[0]
     key.Close()
 
     # Find where the 'program files' directory is
     key = wreg.OpenKey(wreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
                        r'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion')
 
     program_files_dir = wreg.QueryValueEx(key,'ProgramFilesDir')[0]
     key.Close()
 
 
     # File and directory names
     ip_dir = program_files_dir + r'\IPython'
     ip_prog_dir = programs_dir + r'\IPython'
     doc_dir = ip_dir+r'\doc'
     ip_filename = ip_dir+r'\IPython_shell.py'
     pycon_icon = doc_dir+r'\pycon.ico'
 
     if not os.path.isdir(ip_dir):
         os.mkdir(ip_dir)
 
     # Copy startup script and documentation
     shutil.copy(sys.prefix+r'\Scripts\ipython',ip_filename)
     if os.path.isdir(doc_dir):
         shutil.rmtree(doc_dir)
     shutil.copytree('doc',doc_dir)
 
     # make shortcuts for IPython, html and pdf docs.
     print 'Making entries for IPython in Start Menu...',
 
     # Create .bat file in \Scripts
     fic = open(sys.prefix + r'\Scripts\ipython.bat','w')
     fic.write('"' + sys.prefix + r'\python.exe' + '" -i ' + '"' +
               sys.prefix + r'\Scripts\ipython" %*')
     fic.close()
 
+    # Create .bat file in \\Scripts
+    fic = open(sys.prefix + '\\Scripts\\ipython.bat','w')
+    fic.write('"' + sys.prefix + '\\python.exe' + '" -i ' + '"' + sys.prefix + '\\Scripts\ipython" %*')
+    fic.close()
+
     # Create shortcuts in Programs\IPython:
     if not os.path.isdir(ip_prog_dir):
         os.mkdir(ip_prog_dir)
     os.chdir(ip_prog_dir)
 
     man_pdf = doc_dir + r'\manual.pdf'
     man_htm = doc_dir + r'\manual\manual.html'
 
     make_shortcut('IPython.lnk',sys.executable, '"%s"' % ip_filename,
                   my_documents_dir,
                   'IPython - Enhanced python command line interpreter',
                   (pycon_icon,0))
     make_shortcut('pysh.lnk',sys.executable, '"%s" -p pysh' % ip_filename,
                   my_documents_dir,
                   'pysh - a system shell with Python syntax (IPython based)',
                   (pycon_icon,0))
     make_shortcut('Manual in HTML format.lnk',man_htm,'','',
                   'IPython Manual - HTML format')
     make_shortcut('Manual in PDF format.lnk',man_pdf,'','',
                   'IPython Manual - PDF format')
 
     print """Done.
 
 I created the directory %s. There you will find the
 IPython startup script and manuals.
 
 An IPython menu was also created in your Start Menu, with entries for
 IPython itself and the manual in HTML and PDF formats.
 
 For reading PDF documents you need the freely available Adobe Acrobat
 Reader. If you don't have it, you can download it from:
 http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html
 """ % ip_dir
 
     if wait:
         print "Finished with IPython installation. Press Enter to exit this installer.",
         raw_input()
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     run()