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1 | 1 | ================================ |
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2 | 2 | Integrating with GUI event loops |
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3 | 3 | ================================ |
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4 | 4 | |
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5 | 5 | When the user types ``%gui qt``, IPython integrates itself with the Qt event |
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6 | 6 | loop, so you can use both a GUI and an interactive prompt together. IPython |
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7 | 7 | supports a number of common GUI toolkits, but from IPython 3.0, it is possible |
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8 | 8 | to integrate other event loops without modifying IPython itself. |
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9 | 9 | |
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10 | 10 | Supported event loops include ``qt4``, ``qt5``, ``gtk2``, ``gtk3``, ``wx``, |
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11 | 11 | ``osx`` and ``tk``. Make sure the event loop you specify matches the GUI |
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12 | 12 | toolkit used by your own code. |
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13 | 13 | |
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14 | 14 | To make IPython GUI event loop integration occur automatically at every |
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15 | 15 | startup, set the ``c.InteractiveShellApp.gui`` configuration key in your |
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16 | 16 | IPython profile (see :ref:`setting_config`). |
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17 | 17 | |
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18 | Terminal IPython handles event loops very differently from the IPython kernel, | |
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19 | so different steps are needed to integrate with each. | |
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18 | If the event loop you use is supported by IPython, turning on event loop | |
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19 | integration follows the steps just described whether you use Terminal IPython | |
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20 | or an IPython kernel. | |
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20 | 21 | |
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21 | Event loops in the terminal | |
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22 | --------------------------- | |
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22 | However, the way Terminal IPython handles event loops is very different from | |
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23 | the way IPython kernel does, so if you need to integrate with a new kind of | |
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24 | event loop, different steps are needed to integrate with each. | |
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25 | ||
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26 | Integrating with a new event loop in the terminal | |
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27 | ------------------------------------------------- | |
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23 | 28 | |
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24 | 29 | .. versionchanged:: 5.0 |
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25 | 30 | |
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26 | 31 | There is a new API for event loop integration using prompt_toolkit. |
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27 | 32 | |
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28 | 33 | In the terminal, IPython uses prompt_toolkit to prompt the user for input. |
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29 | 34 | prompt_toolkit provides hooks to integrate with an external event loop. |
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30 | 35 | |
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31 | 36 | To integrate an event loop, define a function which runs the GUI event loop |
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32 | 37 | until there is input waiting for prompt_toolkit to process. There are two ways |
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33 | 38 | to detect this condition:: |
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34 | 39 | |
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35 | 40 | # Polling for input. |
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36 | 41 | def inputhook(context): |
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37 | 42 | while not context.input_is_ready(): |
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38 | 43 | # Replace this with the appropriate call for the event loop: |
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39 | 44 | iterate_loop_once() |
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40 | 45 | |
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41 | 46 | # Using a file descriptor to notify the event loop to stop. |
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42 | 47 | def inputhook2(context): |
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43 | 48 | fd = context.fileno() |
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44 | 49 | # Replace the functions below with those for the event loop. |
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45 | 50 | add_file_reader(fd, callback=stop_the_loop) |
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46 | 51 | run_the_loop() |
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47 | 52 | |
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48 | 53 | Once you have defined this function, register it with IPython: |
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49 | 54 | |
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50 | 55 | .. currentmodule:: IPython.terminal.pt_inputhooks |
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51 | 56 | |
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52 | 57 | .. function:: register(name, inputhook) |
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53 | 58 | |
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54 | 59 | Register the function *inputhook* as the event loop integration for the |
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55 | 60 | GUI *name*. If ``name='foo'``, then the user can enable this integration |
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56 | 61 | by running ``%gui foo``. |
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57 | 62 | |
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58 | 63 | |
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59 |
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60 | ------------------------- | |
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64 | Integrating with a new event loop in the kernel | |
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65 | ----------------------------------------------- | |
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61 | 66 | |
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62 | 67 | The kernel runs its own event loop, so it's simpler to integrate with others. |
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63 | 68 | IPython allows the other event loop to take control, but it must call |
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64 | 69 | :meth:`IPython.kernel.zmq.kernelbase.Kernel.do_one_iteration` periodically. |
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65 | 70 | |
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66 | 71 | To integrate with this, write a function that takes a single argument, |
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67 | 72 | the IPython kernel instance, arranges for your event loop to call |
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68 | 73 | ``kernel.do_one_iteration()`` at least every ``kernel._poll_interval`` seconds, |
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69 | 74 | and starts the event loop. |
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70 | 75 | |
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71 | 76 | Decorate this function with :func:`IPython.kernel.zmq.eventloops.register_integration`, |
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72 | 77 | passing in the names you wish to register it for. Here is a slightly simplified |
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73 | 78 | version of the Tkinter integration already included in IPython:: |
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74 | 79 | |
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75 | 80 | @register_integration('tk') |
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76 | 81 | def loop_tk(kernel): |
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77 | 82 | """Start a kernel with the Tk event loop.""" |
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78 | 83 | from tkinter import Tk |
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79 | 84 | |
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80 | 85 | # Tk uses milliseconds |
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81 | 86 | poll_interval = int(1000*kernel._poll_interval) |
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82 | 87 | # For Tkinter, we create a Tk object and call its withdraw method. |
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83 | 88 | class Timer(object): |
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84 | 89 | def __init__(self, func): |
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85 | 90 | self.app = Tk() |
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86 | 91 | self.app.withdraw() |
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87 | 92 | self.func = func |
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88 | 93 | |
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89 | 94 | def on_timer(self): |
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90 | 95 | self.func() |
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91 | 96 | self.app.after(poll_interval, self.on_timer) |
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92 | 97 | |
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93 | 98 | def start(self): |
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94 | 99 | self.on_timer() # Call it once to get things going. |
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95 | 100 | self.app.mainloop() |
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96 | 101 | |
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97 | 102 | kernel.timer = Timer(kernel.do_one_iteration) |
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98 | 103 | kernel.timer.start() |
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99 | 104 | |
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100 | 105 | Some event loops can go one better, and integrate checking for messages on the |
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101 | 106 | kernel's ZMQ sockets, making the kernel more responsive than plain polling. How |
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102 | 107 | to do this is outside the scope of this document; if you are interested, look at |
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103 | 108 | the integration with Qt in :mod:`IPython.kernel.zmq.eventloops`. |
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