Added support to list available object types, to use on object type matching in magic function %psearch.

IPython/core/magics/namespace.py

@@ -1,702 +1,714 b''
 """Implementation of namespace-related magic functions.
 """
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (c) 2012 The IPython Development Team.
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 #
 #  The full license is in the file COPYING.txt, distributed with this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Stdlib
 import gc
 import re
 import sys
 
 # Our own packages
 from IPython.core import page
 from IPython.core.error import StdinNotImplementedError, UsageError
 from IPython.core.magic import Magics, magics_class, line_magic
 from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
 from IPython.utils.encoding import DEFAULT_ENCODING
 from IPython.utils.openpy import read_py_file
 from IPython.utils.path import get_py_filename
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Magic implementation classes
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 @magics_class
 class NamespaceMagics(Magics):
     """Magics to manage various aspects of the user's namespace.
 
     These include listing variables, introspecting into them, etc.
     """
 
     @line_magic
     def pinfo(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Provide detailed information about an object.
 
         '%pinfo object' is just a synonym for object? or ?object."""
 
         #print 'pinfo par: <%s>' % parameter_s  # dbg
         # detail_level: 0 -> obj? , 1 -> obj??
         detail_level = 0
         # We need to detect if we got called as 'pinfo pinfo foo', which can
         # happen if the user types 'pinfo foo?' at the cmd line.
         pinfo,qmark1,oname,qmark2 = \
                re.match(r'(pinfo )?(\?*)(.*?)(\??$)',parameter_s).groups()
         if pinfo or qmark1 or qmark2:
             detail_level = 1
         if "*" in oname:
             self.psearch(oname)
         else:
             self.shell._inspect('pinfo', oname, detail_level=detail_level,
                                 namespaces=namespaces)
 
     @line_magic
     def pinfo2(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Provide extra detailed information about an object.
 
         '%pinfo2 object' is just a synonym for object?? or ??object."""
         self.shell._inspect('pinfo', parameter_s, detail_level=1,
                             namespaces=namespaces)
 
     @skip_doctest
     @line_magic
     def pdef(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print the call signature for any callable object.
 
         If the object is a class, print the constructor information.
 
         Examples
         --------
         ::
 
           In [3]: %pdef urllib.urlopen
           urllib.urlopen(url, data=None, proxies=None)
         """
         self.shell._inspect('pdef',parameter_s, namespaces)
 
     @line_magic
     def pdoc(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print the docstring for an object.
 
         If the given object is a class, it will print both the class and the
         constructor docstrings."""
         self.shell._inspect('pdoc',parameter_s, namespaces)
 
     @line_magic
     def psource(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print (or run through pager) the source code for an object."""
         if not parameter_s:
             raise UsageError('Missing object name.')
         self.shell._inspect('psource',parameter_s, namespaces)
 
     @line_magic
     def pfile(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print (or run through pager) the file where an object is defined.
 
         The file opens at the line where the object definition begins. IPython
         will honor the environment variable PAGER if set, and otherwise will
         do its best to print the file in a convenient form.
 
         If the given argument is not an object currently defined, IPython will
         try to interpret it as a filename (automatically adding a .py extension
         if needed). You can thus use %pfile as a syntax highlighting code
         viewer."""
 
         # first interpret argument as an object name
         out = self.shell._inspect('pfile',parameter_s, namespaces)
         # if not, try the input as a filename
         if out == 'not found':
             try:
                 filename = get_py_filename(parameter_s)
             except IOError as msg:
                 print(msg)
                 return
             page.page(self.shell.pycolorize(read_py_file(filename, skip_encoding_cookie=False)))
 
     @line_magic
     def psearch(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Search for object in namespaces by wildcard.
 
         %psearch [options] PATTERN [OBJECT TYPE]
 
         Note: ? can be used as a synonym for %psearch, at the beginning or at
         the end: both a*? and ?a* are equivalent to '%psearch a*'.  Still, the
         rest of the command line must be unchanged (options come first), so
         for example the following forms are equivalent
 
         %psearch -i a* function
         -i a* function?
         ?-i a* function
 
         Arguments:
 
           PATTERN
 
           where PATTERN is a string containing * as a wildcard similar to its
           use in a shell.  The pattern is matched in all namespaces on the
           search path. By default objects starting with a single _ are not
           matched, many IPython generated objects have a single
           underscore. The default is case insensitive matching. Matching is
           also done on the attributes of objects and not only on the objects
           in a module.
 
           [OBJECT TYPE]
 
           Is the name of a python type from the types module. The name is
           given in lowercase without the ending type, ex. StringType is
           written string. By adding a type here only objects matching the
           given type are matched. Using all here makes the pattern match all
           types (this is the default).
 
         Options:
 
           -a: makes the pattern match even objects whose names start with a
           single underscore.  These names are normally omitted from the
           search.
 
           -i/-c: make the pattern case insensitive/sensitive.  If neither of
           these options are given, the default is read from your configuration
           file, with the option ``InteractiveShell.wildcards_case_sensitive``.
           If this option is not specified in your configuration file, IPython's
           internal default is to do a case sensitive search.
 
           -e/-s NAMESPACE: exclude/search a given namespace.  The pattern you
           specify can be searched in any of the following namespaces:
           'builtin', 'user', 'user_global','internal', 'alias', where
           'builtin' and 'user' are the search defaults.  Note that you should
           not use quotes when specifying namespaces.
+          
+          -l: List all available object types for object matching. This function
+          can be used without arguments.
 
           'Builtin' contains the python module builtin, 'user' contains all
           user data, 'alias' only contain the shell aliases and no python
           objects, 'internal' contains objects used by IPython.  The
           'user_global' namespace is only used by embedded IPython instances,
           and it contains module-level globals.  You can add namespaces to the
           search with -s or exclude them with -e (these options can be given
           more than once).
 
         Examples
         --------
         ::
 
           %psearch a*            -> objects beginning with an a
           %psearch -e builtin a* -> objects NOT in the builtin space starting in a
           %psearch a* function   -> all functions beginning with an a
           %psearch re.e*         -> objects beginning with an e in module re
           %psearch r*.e*         -> objects that start with e in modules starting in r
           %psearch r*.* string   -> all strings in modules beginning with r
 
         Case sensitive search::
 
           %psearch -c a*         list all object beginning with lower case a
 
         Show objects beginning with a single _::
 
           %psearch -a _*         list objects beginning with a single underscore
+          
+        List available objects::
+        
+          %psearch -l            list all available object types
         """
         try:
             parameter_s.encode('ascii')
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             print('Python identifiers can only contain ascii characters.')
             return
 
         # default namespaces to be searched
         def_search = ['user_local', 'user_global', 'builtin']
 
         # Process options/args
-        opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'cias:e:',list_all=True)
+        opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'cias:e:l',list_all=True)
         opt = opts.get
         shell = self.shell
         psearch = shell.inspector.psearch
+        
+        # select list object types
+        list_types = False
+        if 'l' in opts:
+            list_types = True
 
         # select case options
         if 'i' in opts:
             ignore_case = True
         elif 'c' in opts:
             ignore_case = False
         else:
             ignore_case = not shell.wildcards_case_sensitive
 
         # Build list of namespaces to search from user options
         def_search.extend(opt('s',[]))
         ns_exclude = ns_exclude=opt('e',[])
         ns_search = [nm for nm in def_search if nm not in ns_exclude]
 
         # Call the actual search
         try:
             psearch(args,shell.ns_table,ns_search,
-                    show_all=opt('a'),ignore_case=ignore_case)
+                    show_all=opt('a'),ignore_case=ignore_case, list_types=list_types)
         except:
             shell.showtraceback()
 
     @skip_doctest
     @line_magic
     def who_ls(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Return a sorted list of all interactive variables.
 
         If arguments are given, only variables of types matching these
         arguments are returned.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         Define two variables and list them with who_ls::
 
           In [1]: alpha = 123
 
           In [2]: beta = 'test'
 
           In [3]: %who_ls
           Out[3]: ['alpha', 'beta']
 
           In [4]: %who_ls int
           Out[4]: ['alpha']
 
           In [5]: %who_ls str
           Out[5]: ['beta']
         """
 
         user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
         user_ns_hidden = self.shell.user_ns_hidden
         nonmatching = object()  # This can never be in user_ns
         out = [ i for i in user_ns
                 if not i.startswith('_') \
                 and (user_ns[i] is not user_ns_hidden.get(i, nonmatching)) ]
 
         typelist = parameter_s.split()
         if typelist:
             typeset = set(typelist)
             out = [i for i in out if type(user_ns[i]).__name__ in typeset]
 
         out.sort()
         return out
 
     @skip_doctest
     @line_magic
     def who(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print all interactive variables, with some minimal formatting.
 
         If any arguments are given, only variables whose type matches one of
         these are printed.  For example::
 
           %who function str
 
         will only list functions and strings, excluding all other types of
         variables.  To find the proper type names, simply use type(var) at a
         command line to see how python prints type names.  For example:
 
         ::
 
           In [1]: type('hello')\\
           Out[1]: <type 'str'>
 
         indicates that the type name for strings is 'str'.
 
         ``%who`` always excludes executed names loaded through your configuration
         file and things which are internal to IPython.
 
         This is deliberate, as typically you may load many modules and the
         purpose of %who is to show you only what you've manually defined.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         Define two variables and list them with who::
 
           In [1]: alpha = 123
 
           In [2]: beta = 'test'
 
           In [3]: %who
           alpha   beta
 
           In [4]: %who int
           alpha
 
           In [5]: %who str
           beta
         """
 
         varlist = self.who_ls(parameter_s)
         if not varlist:
             if parameter_s:
                 print('No variables match your requested type.')
             else:
                 print('Interactive namespace is empty.')
             return
 
         # if we have variables, move on...
         count = 0
         for i in varlist:
             print(i+'\t', end=' ')
             count += 1
             if count > 8:
                 count = 0
                 print()
         print()
 
     @skip_doctest
     @line_magic
     def whos(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Like %who, but gives some extra information about each variable.
 
         The same type filtering of %who can be applied here.
 
         For all variables, the type is printed. Additionally it prints:
 
           - For {},[],(): their length.
 
           - For numpy arrays, a summary with shape, number of
             elements, typecode and size in memory.
 
           - Everything else: a string representation, snipping their middle if
             too long.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         Define two variables and list them with whos::
 
           In [1]: alpha = 123
 
           In [2]: beta = 'test'
 
           In [3]: %whos
           Variable   Type        Data/Info
           --------------------------------
           alpha      int         123
           beta       str         test
         """
 
         varnames = self.who_ls(parameter_s)
         if not varnames:
             if parameter_s:
                 print('No variables match your requested type.')
             else:
                 print('Interactive namespace is empty.')
             return
 
         # if we have variables, move on...
 
         # for these types, show len() instead of data:
         seq_types = ['dict', 'list', 'tuple']
 
         # for numpy arrays, display summary info
         ndarray_type = None
         if 'numpy' in sys.modules:
             try:
                 from numpy import ndarray
             except ImportError:
                 pass
             else:
                 ndarray_type = ndarray.__name__
 
         # Find all variable names and types so we can figure out column sizes
 
         # some types are well known and can be shorter
         abbrevs = {'IPython.core.macro.Macro' : 'Macro'}
         def type_name(v):
             tn = type(v).__name__
             return abbrevs.get(tn,tn)
 
         varlist = [self.shell.user_ns[n] for n in varnames]
 
         typelist = []
         for vv in varlist:
             tt = type_name(vv)
 
             if tt=='instance':
                 typelist.append( abbrevs.get(str(vv.__class__),
                                              str(vv.__class__)))
             else:
                 typelist.append(tt)
 
         # column labels and # of spaces as separator
         varlabel = 'Variable'
         typelabel = 'Type'
         datalabel = 'Data/Info'
         colsep = 3
         # variable format strings
         vformat    = "{0:<{varwidth}}{1:<{typewidth}}"
         aformat    = "%s: %s elems, type `%s`, %s bytes"
         # find the size of the columns to format the output nicely
         varwidth = max(max(map(len,varnames)), len(varlabel)) + colsep
         typewidth = max(max(map(len,typelist)), len(typelabel)) + colsep
         # table header
         print(varlabel.ljust(varwidth) + typelabel.ljust(typewidth) + \
               ' '+datalabel+'\n' + '-'*(varwidth+typewidth+len(datalabel)+1))
         # and the table itself
         kb = 1024
         Mb = 1048576  # kb**2
         for vname,var,vtype in zip(varnames,varlist,typelist):
             print(vformat.format(vname, vtype, varwidth=varwidth, typewidth=typewidth), end=' ')
             if vtype in seq_types:
                 print("n="+str(len(var)))
             elif vtype == ndarray_type:
                 vshape = str(var.shape).replace(',','').replace(' ','x')[1:-1]
                 if vtype==ndarray_type:
                     # numpy
                     vsize  = var.size
                     vbytes = vsize*var.itemsize
                     vdtype = var.dtype
 
                 if vbytes < 100000:
                     print(aformat % (vshape, vsize, vdtype, vbytes))
                 else:
                     print(aformat % (vshape, vsize, vdtype, vbytes), end=' ')
                     if vbytes < Mb:
                         print('(%s kb)' % (vbytes/kb,))
                     else:
                         print('(%s Mb)' % (vbytes/Mb,))
             else:
                 try:
                     vstr = str(var)
                 except UnicodeEncodeError:
                     vstr = var.encode(DEFAULT_ENCODING,
                                       'backslashreplace')
                 except:
                     vstr = "<object with id %d (str() failed)>" % id(var)
                 vstr = vstr.replace('\n', '\\n')
                 if len(vstr) < 50:
                     print(vstr)
                 else:
                     print(vstr[:25] + "<...>" + vstr[-25:])
 
     @line_magic
     def reset(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Resets the namespace by removing all names defined by the user, if
         called without arguments, or by removing some types of objects, such
         as everything currently in IPython's In[] and Out[] containers (see
         the parameters for details).
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         -f : force reset without asking for confirmation.
 
         -s : 'Soft' reset: Only clears your namespace, leaving history intact.
             References to objects may be kept. By default (without this option),
             we do a 'hard' reset, giving you a new session and removing all
             references to objects from the current session.
 
         in : reset input history
 
         out : reset output history
 
         dhist : reset directory history
 
         array : reset only variables that are NumPy arrays
 
         See Also
         --------
         reset_selective : invoked as ``%reset_selective``
 
         Examples
         --------
         ::
 
           In [6]: a = 1
 
           In [7]: a
           Out[7]: 1
 
           In [8]: 'a' in _ip.user_ns
           Out[8]: True
 
           In [9]: %reset -f
 
           In [1]: 'a' in _ip.user_ns
           Out[1]: False
 
           In [2]: %reset -f in
           Flushing input history
 
           In [3]: %reset -f dhist in
           Flushing directory history
           Flushing input history
 
         Notes
         -----
         Calling this magic from clients that do not implement standard input,
         such as the ipython notebook interface, will reset the namespace
         without confirmation.
         """
         opts, args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'sf', mode='list')
         if 'f' in opts:
             ans = True
         else:
             try:
                 ans = self.shell.ask_yes_no(
                 "Once deleted, variables cannot be recovered. Proceed (y/[n])?",
                 default='n')
             except StdinNotImplementedError:
                 ans = True
         if not ans:
             print('Nothing done.')
             return
 
         if 's' in opts:                     # Soft reset
             user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
             for i in self.who_ls():
                 del(user_ns[i])
         elif len(args) == 0:                # Hard reset
             self.shell.reset(new_session = False)
 
         # reset in/out/dhist/array: previously extensinions/clearcmd.py
         ip = self.shell
         user_ns = self.shell.user_ns  # local lookup, heavily used
 
         for target in args:
             target = target.lower() # make matches case insensitive
             if target == 'out':
                 print("Flushing output cache (%d entries)" % len(user_ns['_oh']))
                 self.shell.displayhook.flush()
 
             elif target == 'in':
                 print("Flushing input history")
                 pc = self.shell.displayhook.prompt_count + 1
                 for n in range(1, pc):
                     key = '_i'+repr(n)
                     user_ns.pop(key,None)
                 user_ns.update(dict(_i=u'',_ii=u'',_iii=u''))
                 hm = ip.history_manager
                 # don't delete these, as %save and %macro depending on the
                 # length of these lists to be preserved
                 hm.input_hist_parsed[:] = [''] * pc
                 hm.input_hist_raw[:] = [''] * pc
                 # hm has internal machinery for _i,_ii,_iii, clear it out
                 hm._i = hm._ii = hm._iii = hm._i00 =  u''
 
             elif target == 'array':
                 # Support cleaning up numpy arrays
                 try:
                     from numpy import ndarray
                     # This must be done with items and not iteritems because
                     # we're going to modify the dict in-place.
                     for x,val in list(user_ns.items()):
                         if isinstance(val,ndarray):
                             del user_ns[x]
                 except ImportError:
                     print("reset array only works if Numpy is available.")
 
             elif target == 'dhist':
                 print("Flushing directory history")
                 del user_ns['_dh'][:]
 
             else:
                 print("Don't know how to reset ", end=' ')
                 print(target + ", please run `%reset?` for details")
 
         gc.collect()
 
     @line_magic
     def reset_selective(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Resets the namespace by removing names defined by the user.
 
         Input/Output history are left around in case you need them.
 
         %reset_selective [-f] regex
 
         No action is taken if regex is not included
 
         Options
           -f : force reset without asking for confirmation.
 
         See Also
         --------
         reset : invoked as ``%reset``
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         We first fully reset the namespace so your output looks identical to
         this example for pedagogical reasons; in practice you do not need a
         full reset::
 
           In [1]: %reset -f
 
         Now, with a clean namespace we can make a few variables and use
         ``%reset_selective`` to only delete names that match our regexp::
 
           In [2]: a=1; b=2; c=3; b1m=4; b2m=5; b3m=6; b4m=7; b2s=8
 
           In [3]: who_ls
           Out[3]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2m', 'b2s', 'b3m', 'b4m', 'c']
 
           In [4]: %reset_selective -f b[2-3]m
 
           In [5]: who_ls
           Out[5]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2s', 'b4m', 'c']
 
           In [6]: %reset_selective -f d
 
           In [7]: who_ls
           Out[7]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2s', 'b4m', 'c']
 
           In [8]: %reset_selective -f c
 
           In [9]: who_ls
           Out[9]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2s', 'b4m']
 
           In [10]: %reset_selective -f b
 
           In [11]: who_ls
           Out[11]: ['a']
 
         Notes
         -----
         Calling this magic from clients that do not implement standard input,
         such as the ipython notebook interface, will reset the namespace
         without confirmation.
         """
 
         opts, regex = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'f')
 
         if 'f' in opts:
             ans = True
         else:
             try:
                 ans = self.shell.ask_yes_no(
                 "Once deleted, variables cannot be recovered. Proceed (y/[n])? ",
                 default='n')
             except StdinNotImplementedError:
                 ans = True
         if not ans:
             print('Nothing done.')
             return
         user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
         if not regex:
             print('No regex pattern specified. Nothing done.')
             return
         else:
             try:
                 m = re.compile(regex)
             except TypeError:
                 raise TypeError('regex must be a string or compiled pattern')
             for i in self.who_ls():
                 if m.search(i):
                     del(user_ns[i])
 
     @line_magic
     def xdel(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Delete a variable, trying to clear it from anywhere that
         IPython's machinery has references to it. By default, this uses
         the identity of the named object in the user namespace to remove
         references held under other names. The object is also removed
         from the output history.
 
         Options
           -n : Delete the specified name from all namespaces, without
           checking their identity.
         """
         opts, varname = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'n')
         try:
             self.shell.del_var(varname, ('n' in opts))
         except (NameError, ValueError) as e:
             print(type(e).__name__ +": "+ str(e))

IPython/core/oinspect.py

@@ -1,1064 +1,1072 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Tools for inspecting Python objects.
 
 Uses syntax highlighting for presenting the various information elements.
 
 Similar in spirit to the inspect module, but all calls take a name argument to
 reference the name under which an object is being read.
 """
 
 # Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 
 __all__ = ['Inspector','InspectColors']
 
 # stdlib modules
 import ast
 import inspect
 from inspect import signature
 import linecache
 import warnings
 import os
 from textwrap import dedent
 import types
 import io as stdlib_io
 from itertools import zip_longest
 
 # IPython's own
 from IPython.core import page
 from IPython.lib.pretty import pretty
 from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
 from IPython.utils import PyColorize
 from IPython.utils import openpy
 from IPython.utils import py3compat
 from IPython.utils.dir2 import safe_hasattr
 from IPython.utils.path import compress_user
 from IPython.utils.text import indent
 from IPython.utils.wildcard import list_namespace
+from IPython.utils.wildcard import typestr2type
 from IPython.utils.coloransi import TermColors, ColorScheme, ColorSchemeTable
 from IPython.utils.py3compat import cast_unicode
 from IPython.utils.colorable import Colorable
 from IPython.utils.decorators import undoc
 
 from pygments import highlight
 from pygments.lexers import PythonLexer
 from pygments.formatters import HtmlFormatter
 
 def pylight(code):
     return highlight(code, PythonLexer(), HtmlFormatter(noclasses=True))
 
 # builtin docstrings to ignore
 _func_call_docstring = types.FunctionType.__call__.__doc__
 _object_init_docstring = object.__init__.__doc__
 _builtin_type_docstrings = {
     inspect.getdoc(t) for t in (types.ModuleType, types.MethodType,
                                 types.FunctionType, property)
 }
 
 _builtin_func_type = type(all)
 _builtin_meth_type = type(str.upper)  # Bound methods have the same type as builtin functions
 #****************************************************************************
 # Builtin color schemes
 
 Colors = TermColors  # just a shorthand
 
 InspectColors = PyColorize.ANSICodeColors
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Auxiliary functions and objects
 
 # See the messaging spec for the definition of all these fields.  This list
 # effectively defines the order of display
 info_fields = ['type_name', 'base_class', 'string_form', 'namespace',
                'length', 'file', 'definition', 'docstring', 'source',
                'init_definition', 'class_docstring', 'init_docstring',
                'call_def', 'call_docstring',
                # These won't be printed but will be used to determine how to
                # format the object
                'ismagic', 'isalias', 'isclass', 'argspec', 'found', 'name'
                ]
 
 
 def object_info(**kw):
     """Make an object info dict with all fields present."""
     infodict = dict(zip_longest(info_fields, [None]))
     infodict.update(kw)
     return infodict
 
 
 def get_encoding(obj):
     """Get encoding for python source file defining obj
 
     Returns None if obj is not defined in a sourcefile.
     """
     ofile = find_file(obj)
     # run contents of file through pager starting at line where the object
     # is defined, as long as the file isn't binary and is actually on the
     # filesystem.
     if ofile is None:
         return None
     elif ofile.endswith(('.so', '.dll', '.pyd')):
         return None
     elif not os.path.isfile(ofile):
         return None
     else:
         # Print only text files, not extension binaries.  Note that
         # getsourcelines returns lineno with 1-offset and page() uses
         # 0-offset, so we must adjust.
         with stdlib_io.open(ofile, 'rb') as buffer:   # Tweaked to use io.open for Python 2
             encoding, lines = openpy.detect_encoding(buffer.readline)
         return encoding
 
 def getdoc(obj):
     """Stable wrapper around inspect.getdoc.
 
     This can't crash because of attribute problems.
 
     It also attempts to call a getdoc() method on the given object.  This
     allows objects which provide their docstrings via non-standard mechanisms
     (like Pyro proxies) to still be inspected by ipython's ? system.
     """
     # Allow objects to offer customized documentation via a getdoc method:
     try:
         ds = obj.getdoc()
     except Exception:
         pass
     else:
         if isinstance(ds, str):
             return inspect.cleandoc(ds)
     docstr = inspect.getdoc(obj)
     encoding = get_encoding(obj)
     return py3compat.cast_unicode(docstr, encoding=encoding)
 
 
 def getsource(obj, oname=''):
     """Wrapper around inspect.getsource.
 
     This can be modified by other projects to provide customized source
     extraction.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     obj : object
         an object whose source code we will attempt to extract
     oname : str
         (optional) a name under which the object is known
 
     Returns
     -------
     src : unicode or None
 
     """
 
     if isinstance(obj, property):
         sources = []
         for attrname in ['fget', 'fset', 'fdel']:
             fn = getattr(obj, attrname)
             if fn is not None:
                 encoding = get_encoding(fn)
                 oname_prefix = ('%s.' % oname) if oname else ''
                 sources.append(cast_unicode(
                     ''.join(('# ', oname_prefix, attrname)),
                     encoding=encoding))
                 if inspect.isfunction(fn):
                     sources.append(dedent(getsource(fn)))
                 else:
                     # Default str/repr only prints function name,
                     # pretty.pretty prints module name too.
                     sources.append(cast_unicode(
                         '%s%s = %s\n' % (
                             oname_prefix, attrname, pretty(fn)),
                         encoding=encoding))
         if sources:
             return '\n'.join(sources)
         else:
             return None
 
     else:
         # Get source for non-property objects.
 
         obj = _get_wrapped(obj)
 
         try:
             src = inspect.getsource(obj)
         except TypeError:
             # The object itself provided no meaningful source, try looking for
             # its class definition instead.
             if hasattr(obj, '__class__'):
                 try:
                     src = inspect.getsource(obj.__class__)
                 except TypeError:
                     return None
 
         encoding = get_encoding(obj)
         return cast_unicode(src, encoding=encoding)
 
 
 def is_simple_callable(obj):
     """True if obj is a function ()"""
     return (inspect.isfunction(obj) or inspect.ismethod(obj) or \
             isinstance(obj, _builtin_func_type) or isinstance(obj, _builtin_meth_type))
 
 
 def getargspec(obj):
     """Wrapper around :func:`inspect.getfullargspec` on Python 3, and
     :func:inspect.getargspec` on Python 2.
 
     In addition to functions and methods, this can also handle objects with a
     ``__call__`` attribute.
     """
     if safe_hasattr(obj, '__call__') and not is_simple_callable(obj):
         obj = obj.__call__
 
     return inspect.getfullargspec(obj)
 
 
 def format_argspec(argspec):
     """Format argspect, convenience wrapper around inspect's.
 
     This takes a dict instead of ordered arguments and calls
     inspect.format_argspec with the arguments in the necessary order.
     """
     return inspect.formatargspec(argspec['args'], argspec['varargs'],
                                  argspec['varkw'], argspec['defaults'])
 
 @undoc
 def call_tip(oinfo, format_call=True):
     """DEPRECATED. Extract call tip data from an oinfo dict.
     """
     warnings.warn('`call_tip` function is deprecated as of IPython 6.0'
                   'and will be removed in future versions.', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
     # Get call definition
     argspec = oinfo.get('argspec')
     if argspec is None:
         call_line = None
     else:
         # Callable objects will have 'self' as their first argument, prune
         # it out if it's there for clarity (since users do *not* pass an
         # extra first argument explicitly).
         try:
             has_self = argspec['args'][0] == 'self'
         except (KeyError, IndexError):
             pass
         else:
             if has_self:
                 argspec['args'] = argspec['args'][1:]
 
         call_line = oinfo['name']+format_argspec(argspec)
 
     # Now get docstring.
     # The priority is: call docstring, constructor docstring, main one.
     doc = oinfo.get('call_docstring')
     if doc is None:
         doc = oinfo.get('init_docstring')
     if doc is None:
         doc = oinfo.get('docstring','')
 
     return call_line, doc
 
 
 def _get_wrapped(obj):
     """Get the original object if wrapped in one or more @decorators
 
     Some objects automatically construct similar objects on any unrecognised
     attribute access (e.g. unittest.mock.call). To protect against infinite loops,
     this will arbitrarily cut off after 100 levels of obj.__wrapped__
     attribute access. --TK, Jan 2016
     """
     orig_obj = obj
     i = 0
     while safe_hasattr(obj, '__wrapped__'):
         obj = obj.__wrapped__
         i += 1
         if i > 100:
             # __wrapped__ is probably a lie, so return the thing we started with
             return orig_obj
     return obj
 
 def find_file(obj):
     """Find the absolute path to the file where an object was defined.
 
     This is essentially a robust wrapper around `inspect.getabsfile`.
 
     Returns None if no file can be found.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     obj : any Python object
 
     Returns
     -------
     fname : str
       The absolute path to the file where the object was defined.
     """
     obj = _get_wrapped(obj)
 
     fname = None
     try:
         fname = inspect.getabsfile(obj)
     except TypeError:
         # For an instance, the file that matters is where its class was
         # declared.
         if hasattr(obj, '__class__'):
             try:
                 fname = inspect.getabsfile(obj.__class__)
             except TypeError:
                 # Can happen for builtins
                 pass
     except:
         pass
     return cast_unicode(fname)
 
 
 def find_source_lines(obj):
     """Find the line number in a file where an object was defined.
 
     This is essentially a robust wrapper around `inspect.getsourcelines`.
 
     Returns None if no file can be found.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     obj : any Python object
 
     Returns
     -------
     lineno : int
       The line number where the object definition starts.
     """
     obj = _get_wrapped(obj)
 
     try:
         try:
             lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(obj)[1]
         except TypeError:
             # For instances, try the class object like getsource() does
             if hasattr(obj, '__class__'):
                 lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(obj.__class__)[1]
             else:
                 lineno = None
     except:
         return None
 
     return lineno
 
 class Inspector(Colorable):
 
     def __init__(self, color_table=InspectColors,
                  code_color_table=PyColorize.ANSICodeColors,
                  scheme=None,
                  str_detail_level=0,
                  parent=None, config=None):
         super(Inspector, self).__init__(parent=parent, config=config)
         self.color_table = color_table
         self.parser = PyColorize.Parser(out='str', parent=self, style=scheme)
         self.format = self.parser.format
         self.str_detail_level = str_detail_level
         self.set_active_scheme(scheme)
 
     def _getdef(self,obj,oname=''):
         """Return the call signature for any callable object.
 
         If any exception is generated, None is returned instead and the
         exception is suppressed."""
         try:
             hdef = _render_signature(signature(obj), oname)
             return cast_unicode(hdef)
         except:
             return None
 
     def __head(self,h):
         """Return a header string with proper colors."""
         return '%s%s%s' % (self.color_table.active_colors.header,h,
                            self.color_table.active_colors.normal)
 
     def set_active_scheme(self, scheme):
         if scheme is not None:
             self.color_table.set_active_scheme(scheme)
             self.parser.color_table.set_active_scheme(scheme)
 
     def noinfo(self, msg, oname):
         """Generic message when no information is found."""
         print('No %s found' % msg, end=' ')
         if oname:
             print('for %s' % oname)
         else:
             print()
 
     def pdef(self, obj, oname=''):
         """Print the call signature for any callable object.
 
         If the object is a class, print the constructor information."""
 
         if not callable(obj):
             print('Object is not callable.')
             return
 
         header = ''
 
         if inspect.isclass(obj):
             header = self.__head('Class constructor information:\n')
 
 
         output = self._getdef(obj,oname)
         if output is None:
             self.noinfo('definition header',oname)
         else:
             print(header,self.format(output), end=' ')
 
     # In Python 3, all classes are new-style, so they all have __init__.
     @skip_doctest
     def pdoc(self, obj, oname='', formatter=None):
         """Print the docstring for any object.
 
         Optional:
         -formatter: a function to run the docstring through for specially
         formatted docstrings.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         In [1]: class NoInit:
            ...:     pass
 
         In [2]: class NoDoc:
            ...:     def __init__(self):
            ...:         pass
 
         In [3]: %pdoc NoDoc
         No documentation found for NoDoc
 
         In [4]: %pdoc NoInit
         No documentation found for NoInit
 
         In [5]: obj = NoInit()
 
         In [6]: %pdoc obj
         No documentation found for obj
 
         In [5]: obj2 = NoDoc()
 
         In [6]: %pdoc obj2
         No documentation found for obj2
         """
 
         head = self.__head  # For convenience
         lines = []
         ds = getdoc(obj)
         if formatter:
             ds = formatter(ds).get('plain/text', ds)
         if ds:
             lines.append(head("Class docstring:"))
             lines.append(indent(ds))
         if inspect.isclass(obj) and hasattr(obj, '__init__'):
             init_ds = getdoc(obj.__init__)
             if init_ds is not None:
                 lines.append(head("Init docstring:"))
                 lines.append(indent(init_ds))
         elif hasattr(obj,'__call__'):
             call_ds = getdoc(obj.__call__)
             if call_ds:
                 lines.append(head("Call docstring:"))
                 lines.append(indent(call_ds))
 
         if not lines:
             self.noinfo('documentation',oname)
         else:
             page.page('\n'.join(lines))
 
     def psource(self, obj, oname=''):
         """Print the source code for an object."""
 
         # Flush the source cache because inspect can return out-of-date source
         linecache.checkcache()
         try:
             src = getsource(obj, oname=oname)
         except Exception:
             src = None
 
         if src is None:
             self.noinfo('source', oname)
         else:
             page.page(self.format(src))
 
     def pfile(self, obj, oname=''):
         """Show the whole file where an object was defined."""
 
         lineno = find_source_lines(obj)
         if lineno is None:
             self.noinfo('file', oname)
             return
 
         ofile = find_file(obj)
         # run contents of file through pager starting at line where the object
         # is defined, as long as the file isn't binary and is actually on the
         # filesystem.
         if ofile.endswith(('.so', '.dll', '.pyd')):
             print('File %r is binary, not printing.' % ofile)
         elif not os.path.isfile(ofile):
             print('File %r does not exist, not printing.' % ofile)
         else:
             # Print only text files, not extension binaries.  Note that
             # getsourcelines returns lineno with 1-offset and page() uses
             # 0-offset, so we must adjust.
             page.page(self.format(openpy.read_py_file(ofile, skip_encoding_cookie=False)), lineno - 1)
 
     def _format_fields(self, fields, title_width=0):
         """Formats a list of fields for display.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         fields : list
           A list of 2-tuples: (field_title, field_content)
         title_width : int
           How many characters to pad titles to. Default to longest title.
         """
         out = []
         header = self.__head
         if title_width == 0:
             title_width = max(len(title) + 2 for title, _ in fields)
         for title, content in fields:
             if len(content.splitlines()) > 1:
                 title = header(title + ':') + '\n'
             else:
                 title = header((title + ':').ljust(title_width))
             out.append(cast_unicode(title) + cast_unicode(content))
         return "\n".join(out)
 
     def _mime_format(self, text, formatter=None):
         """Return a mime bundle representation of the input text.
 
         - if `formatter` is None, the returned mime bundle has
            a `text/plain` field, with the input text.
            a `text/html` field with a `<pre>` tag containing the input text.
 
         - if `formatter` is not None, it must be a callable transforming the
           input text into a mime bundle. Default values for `text/plain` and
           `text/html` representations are the ones described above.
 
         Note:
 
         Formatters returning strings are supported but this behavior is deprecated.
 
         """
         text = cast_unicode(text)
         defaults = {
             'text/plain': text,
             'text/html': '<pre>' + text + '</pre>'
         }
 
         if formatter is None:
             return defaults
         else:
             formatted = formatter(text)
 
             if not isinstance(formatted, dict):
                 # Handle the deprecated behavior of a formatter returning
                 # a string instead of a mime bundle.
                 return {
                     'text/plain': formatted,
                     'text/html': '<pre>' + formatted + '</pre>'
                 }
 
             else:
                 return dict(defaults, **formatted)
 
 
     def format_mime(self, bundle):
 
         text_plain = bundle['text/plain']
 
         text = ''
         heads, bodies = list(zip(*text_plain))
         _len = max(len(h) for h in heads)
 
         for head, body in zip(heads, bodies):
             body = body.strip('\n')
             delim = '\n' if '\n' in body else ' '
             text += self.__head(head+':') + (_len - len(head))*' ' +delim + body +'\n'
 
         bundle['text/plain'] = text
         return bundle
 
     def _get_info(self, obj, oname='', formatter=None, info=None, detail_level=0):
         """Retrieve an info dict and format it.
 
         Parameters
         ==========
 
         obj: any
             Object to inspect and return info from
         oname: str (default: ''):
             Name of the variable pointing to `obj`.
         formatter: callable
         info:
             already computed information
         detail_level: integer
             Granularity of detail level, if set to 1, give more information.
         """
 
         info = self._info(obj, oname=oname, info=info, detail_level=detail_level)
 
         _mime = {
             'text/plain': [],
             'text/html': '',
         }
 
         def append_field(bundle, title, key, formatter=None):
             field = info[key]
             if field is not None:
                 formatted_field = self._mime_format(field, formatter)
                 bundle['text/plain'].append((title, formatted_field['text/plain']))
                 bundle['text/html'] += '<h1>' + title + '</h1>\n' + formatted_field['text/html'] + '\n'
 
         def code_formatter(text):
             return {
                 'text/plain': self.format(text),
                 'text/html': pylight(text)
             }
 
         if info['isalias']:
             append_field(_mime, 'Repr', 'string_form')
 
         elif info['ismagic']:
             if detail_level > 0:
                 append_field(_mime, 'Source', 'source', code_formatter)
             else:
                 append_field(_mime, 'Docstring', 'docstring', formatter)
             append_field(_mime, 'File', 'file')
 
         elif info['isclass'] or is_simple_callable(obj):
             # Functions, methods, classes
             append_field(_mime, 'Signature', 'definition', code_formatter)
             append_field(_mime, 'Init signature', 'init_definition', code_formatter)
             append_field(_mime, 'Docstring', 'docstring', formatter)
             if detail_level > 0 and info['source']:
                 append_field(_mime, 'Source', 'source', code_formatter)
             else:
                 append_field(_mime, 'Init docstring', 'init_docstring', formatter)
 
             append_field(_mime, 'File', 'file')
             append_field(_mime, 'Type', 'type_name')
             append_field(_mime, 'Subclasses', 'subclasses')
 
         else:
             # General Python objects
             append_field(_mime, 'Signature', 'definition', code_formatter)
             append_field(_mime, 'Call signature', 'call_def', code_formatter)
             append_field(_mime, 'Type', 'type_name')
             append_field(_mime, 'String form', 'string_form')
 
             # Namespace
             if info['namespace'] != 'Interactive':
                 append_field(_mime, 'Namespace', 'namespace')
 
             append_field(_mime, 'Length', 'length')
             append_field(_mime, 'File', 'file')
 
             # Source or docstring, depending on detail level and whether
             # source found.
             if detail_level > 0 and info['source']:
                 append_field(_mime, 'Source', 'source', code_formatter)
             else:
                 append_field(_mime, 'Docstring', 'docstring', formatter)
 
             append_field(_mime, 'Class docstring', 'class_docstring', formatter)
             append_field(_mime, 'Init docstring', 'init_docstring', formatter)
             append_field(_mime, 'Call docstring', 'call_docstring', formatter)
 
 
         return self.format_mime(_mime)
 
     def pinfo(self, obj, oname='', formatter=None, info=None, detail_level=0, enable_html_pager=True):
         """Show detailed information about an object.
 
         Optional arguments:
 
         - oname: name of the variable pointing to the object.
 
         - formatter: callable (optional)
               A special formatter for docstrings.
 
               The formatter is a callable that takes a string as an input
               and returns either a formatted string or a mime type bundle
               in the form of a dictionary.
 
               Although the support of custom formatter returning a string
               instead of a mime type bundle is deprecated.
 
         - info: a structure with some information fields which may have been
           precomputed already.
 
         - detail_level: if set to 1, more information is given.
         """
         info = self._get_info(obj, oname, formatter, info, detail_level)
         if not enable_html_pager:
             del info['text/html']
         page.page(info)
 
     def info(self, obj, oname='', formatter=None, info=None, detail_level=0):
         """DEPRECATED. Compute a dict with detailed information about an object.
         """
         if formatter is not None:
             warnings.warn('The `formatter` keyword argument to `Inspector.info`'
                      'is deprecated as of IPython 5.0 and will have no effects.',
                       DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         return self._info(obj, oname=oname, info=info, detail_level=detail_level)
 
     def _info(self, obj, oname='', info=None, detail_level=0) -> dict:
         """Compute a dict with detailed information about an object.
 
         Parameters
         ==========
 
         obj: any
             An object to find information about
         oname: str (default: ''):
             Name of the variable pointing to `obj`.
         info: (default: None)
             A struct (dict like with attr access) with some information fields
             which may have been precomputed already.
         detail_level: int (default:0)
             If set to 1, more information is given.
 
         Returns
         =======
 
         An object info dict with known fields from `info_fields`.
         """
 
         if info is None:
             ismagic = False
             isalias = False
             ospace = ''
         else:
             ismagic = info.ismagic
             isalias = info.isalias
             ospace = info.namespace
 
         # Get docstring, special-casing aliases:
         if isalias:
             if not callable(obj):
                 try:
                     ds = "Alias to the system command:\n  %s" % obj[1]
                 except:
                     ds = "Alias: " + str(obj)
             else:
                 ds = "Alias to " + str(obj)
                 if obj.__doc__:
                     ds += "\nDocstring:\n" + obj.__doc__
         else:
             ds = getdoc(obj)
             if ds is None:
                 ds = '<no docstring>'
 
         # store output in a dict, we initialize it here and fill it as we go
         out = dict(name=oname, found=True, isalias=isalias, ismagic=ismagic, subclasses=None)
 
         string_max = 200 # max size of strings to show (snipped if longer)
         shalf = int((string_max - 5) / 2)
 
         if ismagic:
             out['type_name'] = 'Magic function'
         elif isalias:
             out['type_name'] = 'System alias'
         else:
             out['type_name'] = type(obj).__name__
 
         try:
             bclass = obj.__class__
             out['base_class'] = str(bclass)
         except:
             pass
 
         # String form, but snip if too long in ? form (full in ??)
         if detail_level >= self.str_detail_level:
             try:
                 ostr = str(obj)
                 str_head = 'string_form'
                 if not detail_level and len(ostr)>string_max:
                     ostr = ostr[:shalf] + ' <...> ' + ostr[-shalf:]
                     ostr = ("\n" + " " * len(str_head.expandtabs())).\
                             join(q.strip() for q in ostr.split("\n"))
                 out[str_head] = ostr
             except:
                 pass
 
         if ospace:
             out['namespace'] = ospace
 
         # Length (for strings and lists)
         try:
             out['length'] = str(len(obj))
         except Exception:
             pass
 
         # Filename where object was defined
         binary_file = False
         fname = find_file(obj)
         if fname is None:
             # if anything goes wrong, we don't want to show source, so it's as
             # if the file was binary
             binary_file = True
         else:
             if fname.endswith(('.so', '.dll', '.pyd')):
                 binary_file = True
             elif fname.endswith('<string>'):
                 fname = 'Dynamically generated function. No source code available.'
             out['file'] = compress_user(fname)
 
         # Original source code for a callable, class or property.
         if detail_level:
             # Flush the source cache because inspect can return out-of-date
             # source
             linecache.checkcache()
             try:
                 if isinstance(obj, property) or not binary_file:
                     src = getsource(obj, oname)
                     if src is not None:
                         src = src.rstrip()
                     out['source'] = src
 
             except Exception:
                 pass
 
         # Add docstring only if no source is to be shown (avoid repetitions).
         if ds and not self._source_contains_docstring(out.get('source'), ds):
             out['docstring'] = ds
 
         # Constructor docstring for classes
         if inspect.isclass(obj):
             out['isclass'] = True
 
             # get the init signature:
             try:
                 init_def = self._getdef(obj, oname)
             except AttributeError:
                 init_def = None
 
             # get the __init__ docstring
             try:
                 obj_init = obj.__init__
             except AttributeError:
                 init_ds = None
             else:
                 if init_def is None:
                     # Get signature from init if top-level sig failed.
                     # Can happen for built-in types (list, etc.).
                     try:
                         init_def = self._getdef(obj_init, oname)
                     except AttributeError:
                         pass
                 init_ds = getdoc(obj_init)
                 # Skip Python's auto-generated docstrings
                 if init_ds == _object_init_docstring:
                     init_ds = None
 
             if init_def:
                 out['init_definition'] = init_def
 
             if init_ds:
                 out['init_docstring'] = init_ds
 
             names = [sub.__name__ for sub in type.__subclasses__(obj)]
             if len(names) < 10:
                 all_names = ', '.join(names)
             else:
                 all_names = ', '.join(names[:10]+['...'])
             out['subclasses'] = all_names
         # and class docstring for instances:
         else:
             # reconstruct the function definition and print it:
             defln = self._getdef(obj, oname)
             if defln:
                 out['definition'] = defln
 
             # First, check whether the instance docstring is identical to the
             # class one, and print it separately if they don't coincide.  In
             # most cases they will, but it's nice to print all the info for
             # objects which use instance-customized docstrings.
             if ds:
                 try:
                     cls = getattr(obj,'__class__')
                 except:
                     class_ds = None
                 else:
                     class_ds = getdoc(cls)
                 # Skip Python's auto-generated docstrings
                 if class_ds in _builtin_type_docstrings:
                     class_ds = None
                 if class_ds and ds != class_ds:
                     out['class_docstring'] = class_ds
 
             # Next, try to show constructor docstrings
             try:
                 init_ds = getdoc(obj.__init__)
                 # Skip Python's auto-generated docstrings
                 if init_ds == _object_init_docstring:
                     init_ds = None
             except AttributeError:
                 init_ds = None
             if init_ds:
                 out['init_docstring'] = init_ds
 
             # Call form docstring for callable instances
             if safe_hasattr(obj, '__call__') and not is_simple_callable(obj):
                 call_def = self._getdef(obj.__call__, oname)
                 if call_def and (call_def != out.get('definition')):
                     # it may never be the case that call def and definition differ,
                     # but don't include the same signature twice
                     out['call_def'] = call_def
                 call_ds = getdoc(obj.__call__)
                 # Skip Python's auto-generated docstrings
                 if call_ds == _func_call_docstring:
                     call_ds = None
                 if call_ds:
                     out['call_docstring'] = call_ds
 
         # Compute the object's argspec as a callable.  The key is to decide
         # whether to pull it from the object itself, from its __init__ or
         # from its __call__ method.
 
         if inspect.isclass(obj):
             # Old-style classes need not have an __init__
             callable_obj = getattr(obj, "__init__", None)
         elif callable(obj):
             callable_obj = obj
         else:
             callable_obj = None
 
         if callable_obj is not None:
             try:
                 argspec = getargspec(callable_obj)
             except Exception:
                 # For extensions/builtins we can't retrieve the argspec
                 pass
             else:
                 # named tuples' _asdict() method returns an OrderedDict, but we
                 # we want a normal
                 out['argspec'] = argspec_dict = dict(argspec._asdict())
                 # We called this varkw before argspec became a named tuple.
                 # With getfullargspec it's also called varkw.
                 if 'varkw' not in argspec_dict:
                     argspec_dict['varkw'] = argspec_dict.pop('keywords')
 
         return object_info(**out)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _source_contains_docstring(src, doc):
         """
         Check whether the source *src* contains the docstring *doc*.
 
         This is is helper function to skip displaying the docstring if the
         source already contains it, avoiding repetition of information.
         """
         try:
             def_node, = ast.parse(dedent(src)).body
             return ast.get_docstring(def_node) == doc
         except Exception:
             # The source can become invalid or even non-existent (because it
             # is re-fetched from the source file) so the above code fail in
             # arbitrary ways.
             return False
 
     def psearch(self,pattern,ns_table,ns_search=[],
-                ignore_case=False,show_all=False):
+                ignore_case=False,show_all=False, list_types=False):
         """Search namespaces with wildcards for objects.
 
         Arguments:
 
         - pattern: string containing shell-like wildcards to use in namespace
           searches and optionally a type specification to narrow the search to
           objects of that type.
 
         - ns_table: dict of name->namespaces for search.
 
         Optional arguments:
 
           - ns_search: list of namespace names to include in search.
 
           - ignore_case(False): make the search case-insensitive.
 
           - show_all(False): show all names, including those starting with
             underscores.
+            
+          - list_types(False): list all available object types for object matching.
         """
         #print 'ps pattern:<%r>' % pattern # dbg
 
         # defaults
         type_pattern = 'all'
         filter = ''
 
+        # list all object types
+        if list_types:
+            page.page('\n'.join(sorted(typestr2type)))
+            return
+
         cmds = pattern.split()
         len_cmds  =  len(cmds)
         if len_cmds == 1:
             # Only filter pattern given
             filter = cmds[0]
         elif len_cmds == 2:
             # Both filter and type specified
             filter,type_pattern = cmds
         else:
             raise ValueError('invalid argument string for psearch: <%s>' %
                              pattern)
 
         # filter search namespaces
         for name in ns_search:
             if name not in ns_table:
                 raise ValueError('invalid namespace <%s>. Valid names: %s' %
                                  (name,ns_table.keys()))
 
         #print 'type_pattern:',type_pattern # dbg
         search_result, namespaces_seen = set(), set()
         for ns_name in ns_search:
             ns = ns_table[ns_name]
             # Normally, locals and globals are the same, so we just check one.
             if id(ns) in namespaces_seen:
                 continue
             namespaces_seen.add(id(ns))
             tmp_res = list_namespace(ns, type_pattern, filter,
                                     ignore_case=ignore_case, show_all=show_all)
             search_result.update(tmp_res)
 
         page.page('\n'.join(sorted(search_result)))
 
 
 def _render_signature(obj_signature, obj_name):
     """
     This was mostly taken from inspect.Signature.__str__.
     Look there for the comments.
     The only change is to add linebreaks when this gets too long.
     """
     result = []
     pos_only = False
     kw_only = True
     for param in obj_signature.parameters.values():
         if param.kind == inspect._POSITIONAL_ONLY:
             pos_only = True
         elif pos_only:
             result.append('/')
             pos_only = False
 
         if param.kind == inspect._VAR_POSITIONAL:
             kw_only = False
         elif param.kind == inspect._KEYWORD_ONLY and kw_only:
             result.append('*')
             kw_only = False
 
         result.append(str(param))
 
     if pos_only:
         result.append('/')
 
     # add up name, parameters, braces (2), and commas
     if len(obj_name) + sum(len(r) + 2 for r in result) > 75:
         # This doesn’t fit behind “Signature: ” in an inspect window.
         rendered = '{}(\n{})'.format(obj_name, ''.join(
             '    {},\n'.format(r) for r in result)
         )
     else:
         rendered = '{}({})'.format(obj_name, ', '.join(result))
 
     if obj_signature.return_annotation is not inspect._empty:
         anno = inspect.formatannotation(obj_signature.return_annotation)
         rendered += ' -> {}'.format(anno)
 
     return rendered