Lots of work on the display system, focused on pylab stuff.

* Moved the pprint attribute to PlainTextFormatter.
* Added DisplayFormatter.plain_text_only for disabling all but the
  plain text formatting. This is now used by doctest_mode.
* Remove result_display hook.
* Fixed doctest_mode magic.
* Refactored inline matplotlib backend to use new display system.
* Added display formatter for matplotlib.figure.Figure objects.
  so the display system will show the svg for them.
* Added display and display_png to the user's namespace in pylab.
* Cleaned up pylabtools.py

IPython/config/default/ipython_config.py

@@ -1,146 +1,150 b''
 # Get the config being loaded so we can set attributes on it
 c = get_config()
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Global options
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # c.Global.display_banner = True
 
 # c.Global.classic = False
 
 # c.Global.nosep = True
 
 # Set this to determine the detail of what is logged at startup.
 # The default is 30 and possible values are 0,10,20,30,40,50.
 # c.Global.log_level = 20
 
 # This should be a list of importable Python modules that have an
 # load_in_ipython(ip) method.  This method gets called when the extension
 # is loaded.  You can put your extensions anywhere they can be imported
 # but we add the extensions subdir of the ipython directory to sys.path
 # during extension loading, so you can put them there as well.
 # c.Global.extensions = [
 #     'myextension'
 # ]
 
 # These lines are run in IPython in the user's namespace after extensions 
 # are loaded.  They can contain full IPython syntax with magics etc.
 # c.Global.exec_lines = [
 #     'import numpy',
 #     'a = 10; b = 20',
 #     '1/0'
 # ]
 
 # These files are run in IPython in the user's namespace.  Files with a .py
 # extension need to be pure Python.  Files with a .ipy extension can have
 # custom IPython syntax (like magics, etc.).  
 # These files need to be in the cwd, the ipython_dir or be absolute paths.
 # c.Global.exec_files = [
 #     'mycode.py',
 #     'fancy.ipy'
 # ]
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # InteractiveShell options
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.autocall = 1
 
 # c.TerminalInteractiveShell.autoedit_syntax = False
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.autoindent = True
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.automagic = False
 
 # c.TerminalTerminalInteractiveShell.banner1 = 'This if for overriding the default IPython banner'
  
 # c.TerminalTerminalInteractiveShell.banner2 = "This is for extra banner text"
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.cache_size = 1000
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.colors = 'LightBG'
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.color_info = True
 
 # c.TerminalInteractiveShell.confirm_exit = True
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.deep_reload = False
 
 # c.TerminalInteractiveShell.editor = 'nano'
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.logstart = True
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.logfile = u'ipython_log.py'
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.logappend = u'mylog.py'
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.object_info_string_level = 0
 
 # c.TerminalInteractiveShell.pager = 'less'
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.pdb = False
 
-# c.InteractiveShell.pprint = True
-
 # c.InteractiveShell.prompt_in1 = 'In [\#]: '
 # c.InteractiveShell.prompt_in2 = '   .\D.: '
 # c.InteractiveShell.prompt_out = 'Out[\#]: '
 # c.InteractiveShell.prompts_pad_left = True
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.quiet = False
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.history_length = 10000
 
 # Readline 
 # c.InteractiveShell.readline_use = True
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.readline_parse_and_bind = [
 #     'tab: complete',
 #     '"\C-l": possible-completions',
 #     'set show-all-if-ambiguous on',
 #     '"\C-o": tab-insert',
 #     '"\M-i": "    "',
 #     '"\M-o": "\d\d\d\d"',
 #     '"\M-I": "\d\d\d\d"',
 #     '"\C-r": reverse-search-history',
 #     '"\C-s": forward-search-history',
 #     '"\C-p": history-search-backward',
 #     '"\C-n": history-search-forward',
 #     '"\e[A": history-search-backward',
 #     '"\e[B": history-search-forward',
 #     '"\C-k": kill-line',
 #     '"\C-u": unix-line-discard',
 # ]
 # c.InteractiveShell.readline_remove_delims = '-/~'
 # c.InteractiveShell.readline_merge_completions = True
 # c.InteractiveShell.readline_omit__names = 0
 
 # c.TerminalInteractiveShell.screen_length = 0
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.separate_in = '\n'
 # c.InteractiveShell.separate_out = ''
 # c.InteractiveShell.separate_out2 = ''
 
 # c.TerminalInteractiveShell.term_title = False
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.wildcards_case_sensitive = True
 
 # c.InteractiveShell.xmode = 'Context'
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Formatter and display options
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# c.PlainTextFormatter.pprint = True
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # PrefilterManager options
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # c.PrefilterManager.multi_line_specials = True
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # AliasManager options
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Do this to disable all defaults
 # c.AliasManager.default_aliases = []
 
 # c.AliasManager.user_aliases = [
 #     ('foo', 'echo Hi')
 # ]

IPython/core/formatters.py

@@ -1,474 +1,503 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Display formatters.
 
 
 Authors:
 
 * Robert Kern
 * Brian Granger
 """
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Copyright (c) 2010, IPython Development Team.
 #
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 #
 # The full license is in the file COPYING.txt, distributed with this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Stdlib imports
 import abc
 # We must use StringIO, as cStringIO doesn't handle unicode properly.
 from StringIO import StringIO
 
 # Our own imports
 from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
 from IPython.external import pretty
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import Bool, Dict, Int, Str
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # The main DisplayFormatter class
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class DisplayFormatter(Configurable):
 
+    # When set to true only the default plain text formatter will be used.
+    plain_text_only = Bool(False, config=True)
+
     # A dict of formatter whose keys are format types (MIME types) and whose
     # values are subclasses of BaseFormatter.
     formatters = Dict(config=True)
     def _formatters_default(self):
         """Activate the default formatters."""
         formatter_classes = [
             PlainTextFormatter,
             HTMLFormatter,
             SVGFormatter,
             PNGFormatter,
             LatexFormatter,
             JSONFormatter
         ]
         d = {}
         for cls in formatter_classes:
             f = cls(config=self.config)
             d[f.format_type] = f
         return d
 
     def format(self, obj, include=None, exclude=None):
         """Return a format data dict for an object.
 
         By default all format types will be computed.
 
         The following MIME types are currently implemented:
 
         * text/plain
         * text/html
         * text/latex
         * application/json
         * image/png
         * immage/svg+xml
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         obj : object
             The Python object whose format data will be computed.
 
         Returns
         -------
         format_dict : dict
             A dictionary of key/value pairs, one or each format that was
             generated for the object. The keys are the format types, which
             will usually be MIME type strings and the values and JSON'able
             data structure containing the raw data for the representation in
             that format.
         include : list or tuple, optional
             A list of format type strings (MIME types) to include in the
             format data dict. If this is set *only* the format types included
             in this list will be computed.
         exclude : list or tuple, optional
             A list of format type string (MIME types) to exclue in the format
             data dict. If this is set all format types will be computed,
             except for those included in this argument.
         """
         format_dict = {}
+
+        # If plain text only is active
+        if self.plain_text_only:
+            formatter = self.formatters['text/plain']
+            try:
+                data = formatter(obj)
+            except:
+                # FIXME: log the exception
+                raise
+            if data is not None:
+                format_dict['text/plain'] = data
+            return format_dict
+
         for format_type, formatter in self.formatters.items():
             if include is not None:
                 if format_type not in include:
                     continue
             if exclude is not None:
                 if format_type in exclude:
                     continue
             try:
                 data = formatter(obj)
             except:
                 # FIXME: log the exception
                 raise
             if data is not None:
                 format_dict[format_type] = data
         return format_dict
 
     @property
     def format_types(self):
         """Return the format types (MIME types) of the active formatters."""
         return self.formatters.keys()
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Formatters for specific format types (text, html, svg, etc.)
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class FormatterABC(object):
     """ Abstract base class for Formatters.
 
     A formatter is a callable class that is responsible for computing the
     raw format data for a particular format type (MIME type). For example,
     an HTML formatter would have a format type of `text/html` and would return
     the HTML representation of the object when called.
     """
     __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
 
     # The format type of the data returned, usually a MIME type.
     format_type = 'text/plain'
 
+    # Is the formatter enabled...
+    enabled = True
+
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def __call__(self, obj):
         """Return a JSON'able representation of the object.
 
         If the object cannot be formatted by this formatter, then return None
         """
         try:
             return repr(obj)
         except TypeError:
             return None
 
 
 class BaseFormatter(Configurable):
     """A base formatter class that is configurable.
 
     This formatter should usually be used as the base class of all formatters.
     It is a traited :class:`Configurable` class and includes an extensible
     API for users to determine how their objects are formatted. The following
     logic is used to find a function to format an given object.
 
     1. The object is introspected to see if it has a method with the name
        :attr:`print_method`. If is does, that object is passed to that method
        for formatting.
     2. If no print method is found, three internal dictionaries are consulted
        to find print method: :attr:`singleton_printers`, :attr:`type_printers`
        and :attr:`deferred_printers`.
 
     Users should use these dictionarie to register functions that will be used
     to compute the format data for their objects (if those objects don't have
     the special print methods). The easiest way of using these dictionaries
     is through the :meth:`for_type` and :meth:`for_type_by_name` methods.
 
     If no function/callable is found to compute the format data, ``None`` is
     returned and this format type is not used.
     """
 
     format_type = Str('text/plain')
 
+    enabled = Bool(True, config=True)
+
     print_method = Str('__repr__')
 
     # The singleton printers.
     # Maps the IDs of the builtin singleton objects to the format functions.
     singleton_printers = Dict(config=True)
     def _singleton_printers_default(self):
         return {}
 
     # The type-specific printers.
     # Map type objects to the format functions.
     type_printers = Dict(config=True)
     def _type_printers_default(self):
         return {}
 
     # The deferred-import type-specific printers.
     # Map (modulename, classname) pairs to the format functions.
     deferred_printers = Dict(config=True)
     def _deferred_printers_default(self):
         return {}
 
     def __call__(self, obj):
         """Compute the format for an object."""
-        obj_id = id(obj)
-        try:
-            obj_class = getattr(obj, '__class__', None) or type(obj)
-            if hasattr(obj_class, self.print_method):
-                printer = getattr(obj_class, self.print_method)
-                return printer(obj)
+        if self.enabled:
+            obj_id = id(obj)
             try:
-                printer = self.singleton_printers[obj_id]
-            except (TypeError, KeyError):
-                pass
-            else:
-                return printer(obj)
-            for cls in pretty._get_mro(obj_class):
-                if cls in self.type_printers:
-                    return self.type_printers[cls](obj)
+                obj_class = getattr(obj, '__class__', None) or type(obj)
+                if hasattr(obj_class, self.print_method):
+                    printer = getattr(obj_class, self.print_method)
+                    return printer(obj)
+                try:
+                    printer = self.singleton_printers[obj_id]
+                except (TypeError, KeyError):
+                    pass
                 else:
-                    printer = self._in_deferred_types(cls)
-                    if printer is not None:
-                        return printer(obj)
+                    return printer(obj)
+                for cls in pretty._get_mro(obj_class):
+                    if cls in self.type_printers:
+                        return self.type_printers[cls](obj)
+                    else:
+                        printer = self._in_deferred_types(cls)
+                        if printer is not None:
+                            return printer(obj)
+                return None
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        else:
             return None
-        except Exception:
-            pass
 
     def for_type(self, typ, func):
         """Add a format function for a given type.
 
         Parameteres
         -----------
         typ : class
             The class of the object that will be formatted using `func`.
         func : callable
             The callable that will be called to compute the format data. The
             call signature of this function is simple, it must take the
             object to be formatted and return the raw data for the given
             format. Subclasses may use a different call signature for the
             `func` argument.
         """
         oldfunc = self.type_printers.get(typ, None)
         if func is not None:
             # To support easy restoration of old printers, we need to ignore
             # Nones.
             self.type_printers[typ] = func
         return oldfunc
 
     def for_type_by_name(self, type_module, type_name, func):
         """Add a format function for a type specified by the full dotted
         module and name of the type, rather than the type of the object.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         type_module : str
             The full dotted name of the module the type is defined in, like
             ``numpy``.
         type_name : str
             The name of the type (the class name), like ``dtype``
         func : callable
             The callable that will be called to compute the format data. The
             call signature of this function is simple, it must take the
             object to be formatted and return the raw data for the given
             format. Subclasses may use a different call signature for the
             `func` argument.
         """
         key = (type_module, type_name)
         oldfunc = self.deferred_printers.get(key, None)
         if func is not None:
             # To support easy restoration of old printers, we need to ignore
             # Nones.
             self.deferred_printers[key] = func
         return oldfunc
 
     def _in_deferred_types(self, cls):
         """
         Check if the given class is specified in the deferred type registry.
 
         Returns the printer from the registry if it exists, and None if the
         class is not in the registry. Successful matches will be moved to the
         regular type registry for future use.
         """
         mod = getattr(cls, '__module__', None)
         name = getattr(cls, '__name__', None)
         key = (mod, name)
         printer = None
         if key in self.deferred_printers:
             # Move the printer over to the regular registry.
             printer = self.deferred_printers.pop(key)
             self.type_printers[cls] = printer
         return printer
 
+
 class PlainTextFormatter(BaseFormatter):
     """The default pretty-printer.
 
     This uses :mod:`IPython.external.pretty` to compute the format data of
     the object. If the object cannot be pretty printed, :func:`repr` is used.
     See the documentation of :mod:`IPython.external.pretty` for details on
     how to write pretty printers.  Here is a simple example::
 
         def dtype_pprinter(obj, p, cycle):
             if cycle:
                 return p.text('dtype(...)')
             if hasattr(obj, 'fields'):
                 if obj.fields is None:
                     p.text(repr(obj))
                 else:
                     p.begin_group(7, 'dtype([')
                     for i, field in enumerate(obj.descr):
                         if i > 0:
                             p.text(',')
                             p.breakable()
                         p.pretty(field)
                     p.end_group(7, '])')
     """
 
     # The format type of data returned.
     format_type = Str('text/plain')
 
+    # This subclass ignores this attribute as it always need to return
+    # something.
+    enabled = Bool(True, config=False)
+
     # Look for a __pretty__ methods to use for pretty printing.
     print_method = Str('__pretty__')
 
     # Whether to pretty-print or not.
     pprint = Bool(True, config=True)
 
     # Whether to be verbose or not.
     verbose = Bool(False, config=True)
 
     # The maximum width.
     max_width = Int(79, config=True)
 
     # The newline character.
     newline = Str('\n', config=True)
 
     # Use the default pretty printers from IPython.external.pretty.
     def _singleton_printers_default(self):
         return pretty._singleton_pprinters.copy()
 
     def _type_printers_default(self):
         return pretty._type_pprinters.copy()
 
     def _deferred_printers_default(self):
         return pretty._deferred_type_pprinters.copy()
 
     #### FormatterABC interface ####
 
     def __call__(self, obj):
         """Compute the pretty representation of the object."""
         if not self.pprint:
             try:
                 return repr(obj)
             except TypeError:
                 return ''
         else:
             # This uses use StringIO, as cStringIO doesn't handle unicode.
             stream = StringIO()
             printer = pretty.RepresentationPrinter(stream, self.verbose,
                 self.max_width, self.newline,
                 singleton_pprinters=self.singleton_printers,
                 type_pprinters=self.type_printers,
                 deferred_pprinters=self.deferred_printers)
             printer.pretty(obj)
             printer.flush()
             return stream.getvalue()
 
 
 class HTMLFormatter(BaseFormatter):
     """An HTML formatter.
 
     To define the callables that compute the HTML representation of your
     objects, define a :meth:`__html__` method or use the :meth:`for_type`
     or :meth:`for_type_by_name` methods to register functions that handle
     this.
     """
     format_type = Str('text/html')
 
     print_method = Str('__html__')
 
 
 class SVGFormatter(BaseFormatter):
     """An SVG formatter.
 
     To define the callables that compute the SVG representation of your
     objects, define a :meth:`__svg__` method or use the :meth:`for_type`
     or :meth:`for_type_by_name` methods to register functions that handle
     this.
     """
     format_type = Str('image/svg+xml')
 
     print_method = Str('__svg__')
 
 
 class PNGFormatter(BaseFormatter):
     """A PNG formatter.
 
     To define the callables that compute the PNG representation of your
     objects, define a :meth:`__svg__` method or use the :meth:`for_type`
     or :meth:`for_type_by_name` methods to register functions that handle
     this. The raw data should be the base64 encoded raw png data.
     """
     format_type = Str('image/png')
 
     print_method = Str('__png__')
 
 
 class LatexFormatter(BaseFormatter):
     """A LaTeX formatter.
 
     To define the callables that compute the LaTeX representation of your
     objects, define a :meth:`__latex__` method or use the :meth:`for_type`
     or :meth:`for_type_by_name` methods to register functions that handle
     this.
     """
     format_type = Str('text/latex')
 
     print_method = Str('__latex__')
 
 
 class JSONFormatter(BaseFormatter):
     """A JSON string formatter.
 
     To define the callables that compute the JSON string representation of
     your objects, define a :meth:`__json__` method or use the :meth:`for_type`
     or :meth:`for_type_by_name` methods to register functions that handle
     this.
     """
     format_type = Str('application/json')
 
     print_method = Str('__json__')
 
 
 FormatterABC.register(BaseFormatter)
 FormatterABC.register(PlainTextFormatter)
 FormatterABC.register(HTMLFormatter)
 FormatterABC.register(SVGFormatter)
 FormatterABC.register(PNGFormatter)
 FormatterABC.register(LatexFormatter)
 FormatterABC.register(JSONFormatter)
 
 
 def format_display_data(obj, include=None, exclude=None):
     """Return a format data dict for an object.
 
     By default all format types will be computed.
 
     The following MIME types are currently implemented:
 
     * text/plain
     * text/html
     * text/latex
     * application/json
     * image/png
     * immage/svg+xml
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     obj : object
         The Python object whose format data will be computed.
 
     Returns
     -------
     format_dict : dict
         A dictionary of key/value pairs, one or each format that was
         generated for the object. The keys are the format types, which
         will usually be MIME type strings and the values and JSON'able
         data structure containing the raw data for the representation in
         that format.
     include : list or tuple, optional
         A list of format type strings (MIME types) to include in the
         format data dict. If this is set *only* the format types included
         in this list will be computed.
     exclude : list or tuple, optional
         A list of format type string (MIME types) to exclue in the format
         data dict. If this is set all format types will be computed,
         except for those included in this argument.
     """
     from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
 
     InteractiveShell.instance().display_formatter.format(
         obj,
         include,
         exclude
     )

IPython/core/hooks.py

@@ -1,263 +1,236 b''
 """hooks for IPython.
 
 In Python, it is possible to overwrite any method of any object if you really
 want to.  But IPython exposes a few 'hooks', methods which are _designed_ to
 be overwritten by users for customization purposes.  This module defines the
 default versions of all such hooks, which get used by IPython if not
 overridden by the user.
 
 hooks are simple functions, but they should be declared with 'self' as their
 first argument, because when activated they are registered into IPython as
 instance methods.  The self argument will be the IPython running instance
 itself, so hooks have full access to the entire IPython object.
 
 If you wish to define a new hook and activate it, you need to put the
 necessary code into a python file which can be either imported or execfile()'d
 from within your ipythonrc configuration.
 
 For example, suppose that you have a module called 'myiphooks' in your
 PYTHONPATH, which contains the following definition:
 
 import os
 from IPython.core import ipapi
 ip = ipapi.get()
 
 def calljed(self,filename, linenum):
     "My editor hook calls the jed editor directly."
     print "Calling my own editor, jed ..."
     if os.system('jed +%d %s' % (linenum,filename)) != 0:
         raise TryNext()
 
 ip.set_hook('editor', calljed)
 
 You can then enable the functionality by doing 'import myiphooks'
 somewhere in your configuration files or ipython command line.
 """
 
 #*****************************************************************************
 #       Copyright (C) 2005 Fernando Perez. <[e-mail]>
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #*****************************************************************************
 
 import os, bisect
 import sys
 
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext
 import IPython.utils.io
 
 # List here all the default hooks.  For now it's just the editor functions
 # but over time we'll move here all the public API for user-accessible things.
 
 __all__ = ['editor', 'fix_error_editor', 'synchronize_with_editor',
            'input_prefilter', 'shutdown_hook', 'late_startup_hook',
            'generate_prompt', 'show_in_pager','pre_prompt_hook',
            'pre_run_code_hook', 'clipboard_get']
 
 def editor(self,filename, linenum=None):
     """Open the default editor at the given filename and linenumber.
 
     This is IPython's default editor hook, you can use it as an example to
     write your own modified one.  To set your own editor function as the
     new editor hook, call ip.set_hook('editor',yourfunc)."""
 
     # IPython configures a default editor at startup by reading $EDITOR from
     # the environment, and falling back on vi (unix) or notepad (win32).
     editor = self.editor
     
     # marker for at which line to open the file (for existing objects)
     if linenum is None or editor=='notepad':
         linemark = ''
     else:
         linemark = '+%d' % int(linenum)
     
     # Enclose in quotes if necessary and legal
     if ' ' in editor and os.path.isfile(editor) and editor[0] != '"':
         editor = '"%s"' % editor
         
     # Call the actual editor
     if os.system('%s %s %s' % (editor,linemark,filename)) != 0:
         raise TryNext()
 
 import tempfile
 def fix_error_editor(self,filename,linenum,column,msg):
     """Open the editor at the given filename, linenumber, column and 
     show an error message. This is used for correcting syntax errors.
     The current implementation only has special support for the VIM editor,
     and falls back on the 'editor' hook if VIM is not used.
 
     Call ip.set_hook('fix_error_editor',youfunc) to use your own function,
     """
     def vim_quickfix_file():
         t = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
         t.write('%s:%d:%d:%s\n' % (filename,linenum,column,msg))
         t.flush()
         return t
     if os.path.basename(self.editor) != 'vim':
         self.hooks.editor(filename,linenum)
         return
     t = vim_quickfix_file()
     try:
         if os.system('vim --cmd "set errorformat=%f:%l:%c:%m" -q ' + t.name):
             raise TryNext()
     finally:
         t.close()
 
 
 def synchronize_with_editor(self, filename, linenum, column):
         pass
 
 
 class CommandChainDispatcher:
     """ Dispatch calls to a chain of commands until some func can handle it
     
     Usage: instantiate, execute "add" to add commands (with optional
     priority), execute normally via f() calling mechanism.
     
     """
     def __init__(self,commands=None):
         if commands is None:
             self.chain = []
         else:
             self.chain = commands
             
             
     def __call__(self,*args, **kw):
         """ Command chain is called just like normal func. 
         
         This will call all funcs in chain with the same args as were given to this
         function, and return the result of first func that didn't raise
         TryNext """
         
         for prio,cmd in self.chain:
             #print "prio",prio,"cmd",cmd #dbg
             try:
                 return cmd(*args, **kw)
             except TryNext, exc:
                 if exc.args or exc.kwargs:
                     args = exc.args
                     kw = exc.kwargs
         # if no function will accept it, raise TryNext up to the caller
         raise TryNext
                 
     def __str__(self):
         return str(self.chain)
     
     def add(self, func, priority=0):
         """ Add a func to the cmd chain with given priority """
         bisect.insort(self.chain,(priority,func))
 
     def __iter__(self):
         """ Return all objects in chain.
         
         Handy if the objects are not callable.
         """
         return iter(self.chain)
 
 
-def result_display(self,arg):
-    """ Default display hook.
-    
-    Called for displaying the result to the user.
-    """
-    
-    if self.pprint:
-        try:
-            out = pformat(arg)
-        except:
-            # Work around possible bugs in pformat
-            out = repr(arg)
-        if '\n' in out:
-            # So that multi-line strings line up with the left column of
-            # the screen, instead of having the output prompt mess up
-            # their first line.                
-            IPython.utils.io.Term.cout.write('\n')
-        print >>IPython.utils.io.Term.cout, out
-    else:
-        # By default, the interactive prompt uses repr() to display results,
-        # so we should honor this.  Users who'd rather use a different
-        # mechanism can easily override this hook.
-        print >>IPython.utils.io.Term.cout, repr(arg)
-    # the default display hook doesn't manipulate the value to put in history
-    return None 
-
-
 def input_prefilter(self,line):     
     """ Default input prefilter
     
     This returns the line as unchanged, so that the interpreter
     knows that nothing was done and proceeds with "classic" prefiltering
     (%magics, !shell commands etc.). 
     
     Note that leading whitespace is not passed to this hook. Prefilter
     can't alter indentation.
     
     """
     #print "attempt to rewrite",line #dbg
     return line
 
 
 def shutdown_hook(self):
     """ default shutdown hook
     
     Typically, shotdown hooks should raise TryNext so all shutdown ops are done
     """
     
     #print "default shutdown hook ok" # dbg
     return
 
 
 def late_startup_hook(self):
     """ Executed after ipython has been constructed and configured 
     
     """
     #print "default startup hook ok" # dbg
 
 
 def generate_prompt(self, is_continuation):
     """ calculate and return a string with the prompt to display """
     if is_continuation:
         return str(self.displayhook.prompt2)
     return str(self.displayhook.prompt1)
 
 
 def show_in_pager(self,s):
     """ Run a string through pager """
     # raising TryNext here will use the default paging functionality
     raise TryNext
 
 
 def pre_prompt_hook(self):
     """ Run before displaying the next prompt
     
     Use this e.g. to display output from asynchronous operations (in order 
     to not mess up text entry)   
     """
     
     return None
 
 
 def pre_run_code_hook(self):
     """ Executed before running the (prefiltered) code in IPython """
     return None
 
 
 def clipboard_get(self):
     """ Get text from the clipboard.
     """
     from IPython.lib.clipboard import (
         osx_clipboard_get, tkinter_clipboard_get, 
         win32_clipboard_get
     )
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
         chain = [win32_clipboard_get, tkinter_clipboard_get]
     elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
         chain = [osx_clipboard_get, tkinter_clipboard_get]
     else:
         chain = [tkinter_clipboard_get]
     dispatcher = CommandChainDispatcher()
     for func in chain:
         dispatcher.add(func)
     text = dispatcher()
     return text

IPython/core/interactiveshell.py

@@ -1,2556 +1,2555 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Main IPython class."""
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Fernando Perez. <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2010  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from __future__ import with_statement
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import __builtin__
 import __future__
 import abc
 import atexit
 import codeop
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import types
 from contextlib import nested
 
 from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
 from IPython.core import debugger, oinspect
 from IPython.core import history as ipcorehist
 from IPython.core import page
 from IPython.core import prefilter
 from IPython.core import shadowns
 from IPython.core import ultratb
 from IPython.core.alias import AliasManager
 from IPython.core.builtin_trap import BuiltinTrap
 from IPython.core.compilerop import CachingCompiler
 from IPython.core.display_trap import DisplayTrap
 from IPython.core.displayhook import DisplayHook
 from IPython.core.displaypub import DisplayPublisher
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext, UsageError
 from IPython.core.extensions import ExtensionManager
 from IPython.core.fakemodule import FakeModule, init_fakemod_dict
 from IPython.core.formatters import DisplayFormatter
 from IPython.core.history import HistoryManager
 from IPython.core.inputsplitter import IPythonInputSplitter
 from IPython.core.logger import Logger
 from IPython.core.magic import Magic
 from IPython.core.payload import PayloadManager
 from IPython.core.plugin import PluginManager
 from IPython.core.prefilter import PrefilterManager, ESC_MAGIC
 from IPython.external.Itpl import ItplNS
 from IPython.utils import PyColorize
 from IPython.utils import io
 from IPython.utils import pickleshare
 from IPython.utils.doctestreload import doctest_reload
 from IPython.utils.io import ask_yes_no, rprint
 from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.utils.path import get_home_dir, get_ipython_dir, HomeDirError
 from IPython.utils.process import system, getoutput
 from IPython.utils.strdispatch import StrDispatch
 from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
 from IPython.utils.text import num_ini_spaces, format_screen, LSString, SList
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import (Int, Str, CBool, CaselessStrEnum, Enum,
                                      List, Unicode, Instance, Type)
 from IPython.utils.warn import warn, error, fatal
 import IPython.core.hooks
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # compiled regexps for autoindent management
 dedent_re = re.compile(r'^\s+raise|^\s+return|^\s+pass')
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utilities
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # store the builtin raw_input globally, and use this always, in case user code
 # overwrites it (like wx.py.PyShell does)
 raw_input_original = raw_input
 
 def softspace(file, newvalue):
     """Copied from code.py, to remove the dependency"""
 
     oldvalue = 0
     try:
         oldvalue = file.softspace
     except AttributeError:
         pass
     try:
         file.softspace = newvalue
     except (AttributeError, TypeError):
         # "attribute-less object" or "read-only attributes"
         pass
     return oldvalue
 
 
 def no_op(*a, **kw): pass
 
 class SpaceInInput(Exception): pass
 
 class Bunch: pass
 
 
 def get_default_colors():
     if sys.platform=='darwin':
         return "LightBG"
     elif os.name=='nt':
         return 'Linux'
     else:
         return 'Linux'
 
 
 class SeparateStr(Str):
     """A Str subclass to validate separate_in, separate_out, etc.
 
     This is a Str based trait that converts '0'->'' and '\\n'->'\n'.
     """
 
     def validate(self, obj, value):
         if value == '0': value = ''
         value = value.replace('\\n','\n')
         return super(SeparateStr, self).validate(obj, value)
 
 class MultipleInstanceError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main IPython class
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class InteractiveShell(Configurable, Magic):
     """An enhanced, interactive shell for Python."""
 
     _instance = None
     autocall = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=1, config=True)
     # TODO: remove all autoindent logic and put into frontends.
     # We can't do this yet because even runlines uses the autoindent.
     autoindent = CBool(True, config=True)
     automagic = CBool(True, config=True)
     cache_size = Int(1000, config=True)
     color_info = CBool(True, config=True)
     colors = CaselessStrEnum(('NoColor','LightBG','Linux'), 
                              default_value=get_default_colors(), config=True)
     debug = CBool(False, config=True)
     deep_reload = CBool(False, config=True)
     display_formatter = Instance(DisplayFormatter)
     displayhook_class = Type(DisplayHook)
     display_pub_class = Type(DisplayPublisher)
 
     exit_now = CBool(False)
     # Monotonically increasing execution counter
     execution_count = Int(1)
     filename = Str("<ipython console>")
     ipython_dir= Unicode('', config=True) # Set to get_ipython_dir() in __init__
 
     # Input splitter, to split entire cells of input into either individual
     # interactive statements or whole blocks.
     input_splitter = Instance('IPython.core.inputsplitter.IPythonInputSplitter',
                               (), {})
     logstart = CBool(False, config=True)
     logfile = Str('', config=True)
     logappend = Str('', config=True)
     object_info_string_level = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=0,
                                     config=True)
     pdb = CBool(False, config=True)
 
-    pprint = CBool(True, config=True)
     profile = Str('', config=True)
     prompt_in1 = Str('In [\\#]: ', config=True)
     prompt_in2 = Str('   .\\D.: ', config=True)
     prompt_out = Str('Out[\\#]: ', config=True)
     prompts_pad_left = CBool(True, config=True)
     quiet = CBool(False, config=True)
 
     history_length = Int(10000, config=True)
     
     # The readline stuff will eventually be moved to the terminal subclass
     # but for now, we can't do that as readline is welded in everywhere.
     readline_use = CBool(True, config=True)
     readline_merge_completions = CBool(True, config=True)
     readline_omit__names = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=2, config=True)
     readline_remove_delims = Str('-/~', config=True)
     readline_parse_and_bind = List([
             'tab: complete',
             '"\C-l": clear-screen',
             'set show-all-if-ambiguous on',
             '"\C-o": tab-insert',
             '"\M-i": "    "',
             '"\M-o": "\d\d\d\d"',
             '"\M-I": "\d\d\d\d"',
             '"\C-r": reverse-search-history',
             '"\C-s": forward-search-history',
             '"\C-p": history-search-backward',
             '"\C-n": history-search-forward',
             '"\e[A": history-search-backward',
             '"\e[B": history-search-forward',
             '"\C-k": kill-line',
             '"\C-u": unix-line-discard',
         ], allow_none=False, config=True)
 
     # TODO: this part of prompt management should be moved to the frontends.
     # Use custom TraitTypes that convert '0'->'' and '\\n'->'\n'
     separate_in = SeparateStr('\n', config=True)
     separate_out = SeparateStr('', config=True)
     separate_out2 = SeparateStr('', config=True)
     wildcards_case_sensitive = CBool(True, config=True)
     xmode = CaselessStrEnum(('Context','Plain', 'Verbose'), 
                             default_value='Context', config=True)
 
     # Subcomponents of InteractiveShell
     alias_manager = Instance('IPython.core.alias.AliasManager')
     prefilter_manager = Instance('IPython.core.prefilter.PrefilterManager')
     builtin_trap = Instance('IPython.core.builtin_trap.BuiltinTrap')
     display_trap = Instance('IPython.core.display_trap.DisplayTrap')
     extension_manager = Instance('IPython.core.extensions.ExtensionManager')
     plugin_manager = Instance('IPython.core.plugin.PluginManager')
     payload_manager = Instance('IPython.core.payload.PayloadManager')
     history_manager = Instance('IPython.core.history.HistoryManager')
 
     # Private interface
     _post_execute = set()
 
     def __init__(self, config=None, ipython_dir=None,
                  user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None,
                  custom_exceptions=((), None)):
 
         # This is where traits with a config_key argument are updated
         # from the values on config.
         super(InteractiveShell, self).__init__(config=config)
 
         # These are relatively independent and stateless
         self.init_ipython_dir(ipython_dir)
         self.init_instance_attrs()
         self.init_environment()
 
         # Create namespaces (user_ns, user_global_ns, etc.)
         self.init_create_namespaces(user_ns, user_global_ns)
         # This has to be done after init_create_namespaces because it uses
         # something in self.user_ns, but before init_sys_modules, which
         # is the first thing to modify sys.
         # TODO: When we override sys.stdout and sys.stderr before this class
         # is created, we are saving the overridden ones here. Not sure if this
         # is what we want to do.
         self.save_sys_module_state()
         self.init_sys_modules()
 
         self.init_history()
         self.init_encoding()
         self.init_prefilter()
 
         Magic.__init__(self, self)
 
         self.init_syntax_highlighting()
         self.init_hooks()
         self.init_pushd_popd_magic()
         # self.init_traceback_handlers use to be here, but we moved it below
         # because it and init_io have to come after init_readline.
         self.init_user_ns()
         self.init_logger()
         self.init_alias()
         self.init_builtins()
 
         # pre_config_initialization
 
         # The next section should contain everything that was in ipmaker.
         self.init_logstart()
 
         # The following was in post_config_initialization
         self.init_inspector()
         # init_readline() must come before init_io(), because init_io uses
         # readline related things.
         self.init_readline()
         # init_completer must come after init_readline, because it needs to
         # know whether readline is present or not system-wide to configure the
         # completers, since the completion machinery can now operate
         # independently of readline (e.g. over the network)
         self.init_completer()
         # TODO: init_io() needs to happen before init_traceback handlers
         # because the traceback handlers hardcode the stdout/stderr streams.
         # This logic in in debugger.Pdb and should eventually be changed.
         self.init_io()
         self.init_traceback_handlers(custom_exceptions)
         self.init_prompts()
         self.init_display_formatter()
         self.init_display_pub()
         self.init_displayhook()
         self.init_reload_doctest()
         self.init_magics()
         self.init_pdb()
         self.init_extension_manager()
         self.init_plugin_manager()
         self.init_payload()
         self.hooks.late_startup_hook()
         atexit.register(self.atexit_operations)
 
     # While we're trying to have each part of the code directly access what it
     # needs without keeping redundant references to objects, we have too much
     # legacy code that expects ip.db to exist, so let's make it a property that
     # retrieves the underlying object from our new history manager.
     @property
     def db(self):
         return self.history_manager.shadow_db
 
     @classmethod
     def instance(cls, *args, **kwargs):
         """Returns a global InteractiveShell instance."""
         if cls._instance is None:
             inst = cls(*args, **kwargs)
             # Now make sure that the instance will also be returned by
             # the subclasses instance attribute.
             for subclass in cls.mro():
                 if issubclass(cls, subclass) and \
                        issubclass(subclass, InteractiveShell):
                     subclass._instance = inst
                 else:
                     break
         if isinstance(cls._instance, cls):
             return cls._instance
         else:
             raise MultipleInstanceError(
                 'Multiple incompatible subclass instances of '
                 'InteractiveShell are being created.'
             )
 
     @classmethod
     def initialized(cls):
         return hasattr(cls, "_instance")
 
     def get_ipython(self):
         """Return the currently running IPython instance."""
         return self
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Trait changed handlers
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def _ipython_dir_changed(self, name, new):
         if not os.path.isdir(new):
             os.makedirs(new, mode = 0777)
 
     def set_autoindent(self,value=None):
         """Set the autoindent flag, checking for readline support.
 
         If called with no arguments, it acts as a toggle."""
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             if os.name == 'posix':
                 warn("The auto-indent feature requires the readline library")
             self.autoindent = 0
             return
         if value is None:
             self.autoindent = not self.autoindent
         else:
             self.autoindent = value
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # init_* methods called by __init__
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_ipython_dir(self, ipython_dir):
         if ipython_dir is not None:
             self.ipython_dir = ipython_dir
             self.config.Global.ipython_dir = self.ipython_dir
             return
 
         if hasattr(self.config.Global, 'ipython_dir'):
             self.ipython_dir = self.config.Global.ipython_dir
         else:
             self.ipython_dir = get_ipython_dir()
 
         # All children can just read this
         self.config.Global.ipython_dir = self.ipython_dir
 
     def init_instance_attrs(self):
         self.more = False
 
         # command compiler
         self.compile = CachingCompiler()
         
         # User input buffers
         # NOTE: these variables are slated for full removal, once we are 100%
         # sure that the new execution logic is solid.  We will delte runlines,
         # push_line and these buffers, as all input will be managed by the
         # frontends via an inputsplitter instance.
         self.buffer = []
         self.buffer_raw = []
 
         # Make an empty namespace, which extension writers can rely on both
         # existing and NEVER being used by ipython itself.  This gives them a
         # convenient location for storing additional information and state
         # their extensions may require, without fear of collisions with other
         # ipython names that may develop later.
         self.meta = Struct()
 
         # Object variable to store code object waiting execution.  This is
         # used mainly by the multithreaded shells, but it can come in handy in
         # other situations.  No need to use a Queue here, since it's a single
         # item which gets cleared once run.
         self.code_to_run = None
 
         # Temporary files used for various purposes.  Deleted at exit.
         self.tempfiles = []
 
         # Keep track of readline usage (later set by init_readline)
         self.has_readline = False
 
         # keep track of where we started running (mainly for crash post-mortem)
         # This is not being used anywhere currently.
         self.starting_dir = os.getcwd()
 
         # Indentation management
         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
     def init_environment(self):
         """Any changes we need to make to the user's environment."""
         pass
 
     def init_encoding(self):
         # Get system encoding at startup time.  Certain terminals (like Emacs
         # under Win32 have it set to None, and we need to have a known valid
         # encoding to use in the raw_input() method
         try:
             self.stdin_encoding = sys.stdin.encoding or 'ascii'
         except AttributeError:
             self.stdin_encoding = 'ascii'
 
     def init_syntax_highlighting(self):
         # Python source parser/formatter for syntax highlighting
         pyformat = PyColorize.Parser().format
         self.pycolorize = lambda src: pyformat(src,'str',self.colors)
 
     def init_pushd_popd_magic(self):
         # for pushd/popd management
         try:
             self.home_dir = get_home_dir()
         except HomeDirError, msg:
             fatal(msg)
 
         self.dir_stack = []
 
     def init_logger(self):
         self.logger = Logger(self.home_dir, logfname='ipython_log.py',
                              logmode='rotate')
 
     def init_logstart(self):
         """Initialize logging in case it was requested at the command line.
         """
         if self.logappend:
             self.magic_logstart(self.logappend + ' append')
         elif self.logfile:
             self.magic_logstart(self.logfile)
         elif self.logstart:
             self.magic_logstart()
 
     def init_builtins(self):
         self.builtin_trap = BuiltinTrap(shell=self)
 
     def init_inspector(self):
         # Object inspector
         self.inspector = oinspect.Inspector(oinspect.InspectColors,
                                             PyColorize.ANSICodeColors,
                                             'NoColor',
                                             self.object_info_string_level)
 
     def init_io(self):
         # This will just use sys.stdout and sys.stderr. If you want to
         # override sys.stdout and sys.stderr themselves, you need to do that
         # *before* instantiating this class, because Term holds onto 
         # references to the underlying streams.
         if sys.platform == 'win32' and self.has_readline:
             Term = io.IOTerm(cout=self.readline._outputfile,
                              cerr=self.readline._outputfile)
         else:
             Term = io.IOTerm()
         io.Term = Term
 
     def init_prompts(self):
         # TODO: This is a pass for now because the prompts are managed inside
         # the DisplayHook. Once there is a separate prompt manager, this 
         # will initialize that object and all prompt related information.
         pass
 
     def init_display_formatter(self):
         self.display_formatter = DisplayFormatter(config=self.config)
 
     def init_display_pub(self):
         self.display_pub = self.display_pub_class(config=self.config)
 
     def init_displayhook(self):
         # Initialize displayhook, set in/out prompts and printing system
         self.displayhook = self.displayhook_class(
             config=self.config,
             shell=self,
             cache_size=self.cache_size,
             input_sep = self.separate_in,
             output_sep = self.separate_out,
             output_sep2 = self.separate_out2,
             ps1 = self.prompt_in1,
             ps2 = self.prompt_in2,
             ps_out = self.prompt_out,
             pad_left = self.prompts_pad_left
         )
         # This is a context manager that installs/revmoes the displayhook at
         # the appropriate time.
         self.display_trap = DisplayTrap(hook=self.displayhook)
 
     def init_reload_doctest(self):
         # Do a proper resetting of doctest, including the necessary displayhook
         # monkeypatching
         try:
             doctest_reload()
         except ImportError:
             warn("doctest module does not exist.")
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to injections into the sys module
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def save_sys_module_state(self):
         """Save the state of hooks in the sys module.
 
         This has to be called after self.user_ns is created.
         """
         self._orig_sys_module_state = {}
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stdin'] = sys.stdin
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stdout'] = sys.stdout
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stderr'] = sys.stderr
         self._orig_sys_module_state['excepthook'] = sys.excepthook
         try:
             self._orig_sys_modules_main_name = self.user_ns['__name__']
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
     def restore_sys_module_state(self):
         """Restore the state of the sys module."""
         try:
             for k, v in self._orig_sys_module_state.iteritems():
                 setattr(sys, k, v)
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         # Reset what what done in self.init_sys_modules
         try:
             sys.modules[self.user_ns['__name__']] = self._orig_sys_modules_main_name
         except (AttributeError, KeyError):
             pass
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to hooks
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_hooks(self):
         # hooks holds pointers used for user-side customizations
         self.hooks = Struct()
 
         self.strdispatchers = {}
 
         # Set all default hooks, defined in the IPython.hooks module.
         hooks = IPython.core.hooks
         for hook_name in hooks.__all__:
             # default hooks have priority 100, i.e. low; user hooks should have
             # 0-100 priority
             self.set_hook(hook_name,getattr(hooks,hook_name), 100)
 
     def set_hook(self,name,hook, priority = 50, str_key = None, re_key = None):
         """set_hook(name,hook) -> sets an internal IPython hook.
 
         IPython exposes some of its internal API as user-modifiable hooks.  By
         adding your function to one of these hooks, you can modify IPython's 
         behavior to call at runtime your own routines."""
 
         # At some point in the future, this should validate the hook before it
         # accepts it.  Probably at least check that the hook takes the number
         # of args it's supposed to.
         
         f = types.MethodType(hook,self)
 
         # check if the hook is for strdispatcher first
         if str_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_s(str_key, f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
         if re_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_re(re.compile(re_key), f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
             
         dp = getattr(self.hooks, name, None)
         if name not in IPython.core.hooks.__all__:
             print "Warning! Hook '%s' is not one of %s" % \
                   (name, IPython.core.hooks.__all__ )
         if not dp:
             dp = IPython.core.hooks.CommandChainDispatcher()
         
         try:
             dp.add(f,priority)
         except AttributeError:
             # it was not commandchain, plain old func - replace
             dp = f
 
         setattr(self.hooks,name, dp)
 
     def register_post_execute(self, func):
         """Register a function for calling after code execution.
         """
         if not callable(func):
             raise ValueError('argument %s must be callable' % func)
         self._post_execute.add(func)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the "main" module
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def new_main_mod(self,ns=None):
         """Return a new 'main' module object for user code execution.
         """
         main_mod = self._user_main_module
         init_fakemod_dict(main_mod,ns)
         return main_mod
 
     def cache_main_mod(self,ns,fname):
         """Cache a main module's namespace.
 
         When scripts are executed via %run, we must keep a reference to the
         namespace of their __main__ module (a FakeModule instance) around so
         that Python doesn't clear it, rendering objects defined therein
         useless.
 
         This method keeps said reference in a private dict, keyed by the
         absolute path of the module object (which corresponds to the script
         path).  This way, for multiple executions of the same script we only
         keep one copy of the namespace (the last one), thus preventing memory
         leaks from old references while allowing the objects from the last
         execution to be accessible.
 
         Note: we can not allow the actual FakeModule instances to be deleted,
         because of how Python tears down modules (it hard-sets all their
         references to None without regard for reference counts).  This method
         must therefore make a *copy* of the given namespace, to allow the
         original module's __dict__ to be cleared and reused.
 
         
         Parameters
         ----------
           ns : a namespace (a dict, typically)
 
           fname : str
             Filename associated with the namespace.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         In [10]: import IPython
 
         In [11]: _ip.cache_main_mod(IPython.__dict__,IPython.__file__)
 
         In [12]: IPython.__file__ in _ip._main_ns_cache
         Out[12]: True
         """
         self._main_ns_cache[os.path.abspath(fname)] = ns.copy()
 
     def clear_main_mod_cache(self):
         """Clear the cache of main modules.
 
         Mainly for use by utilities like %reset.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         In [15]: import IPython
 
         In [16]: _ip.cache_main_mod(IPython.__dict__,IPython.__file__)
 
         In [17]: len(_ip._main_ns_cache) > 0
         Out[17]: True
 
         In [18]: _ip.clear_main_mod_cache()
 
         In [19]: len(_ip._main_ns_cache) == 0
         Out[19]: True
         """
         self._main_ns_cache.clear()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to debugging
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_pdb(self):
         # Set calling of pdb on exceptions
         # self.call_pdb is a property
         self.call_pdb = self.pdb
 
     def _get_call_pdb(self):
         return self._call_pdb
 
     def _set_call_pdb(self,val):
 
         if val not in (0,1,False,True):
             raise ValueError,'new call_pdb value must be boolean'
 
         # store value in instance
         self._call_pdb = val
 
         # notify the actual exception handlers
         self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb = val
 
     call_pdb = property(_get_call_pdb,_set_call_pdb,None,
                         'Control auto-activation of pdb at exceptions')
 
     def debugger(self,force=False):
         """Call the pydb/pdb debugger.
 
         Keywords:
 
           - force(False): by default, this routine checks the instance call_pdb
           flag and does not actually invoke the debugger if the flag is false.
           The 'force' option forces the debugger to activate even if the flag
           is false.
         """
 
         if not (force or self.call_pdb):
             return
 
         if not hasattr(sys,'last_traceback'):
             error('No traceback has been produced, nothing to debug.')
             return
 
         # use pydb if available
         if debugger.has_pydb:
             from pydb import pm
         else:
             # fallback to our internal debugger
             pm = lambda : self.InteractiveTB.debugger(force=True)
         self.history_saving_wrapper(pm)()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to IPython's various namespaces
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_create_namespaces(self, user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None):
         # Create the namespace where the user will operate.  user_ns is
         # normally the only one used, and it is passed to the exec calls as
         # the locals argument.  But we do carry a user_global_ns namespace
         # given as the exec 'globals' argument,  This is useful in embedding
         # situations where the ipython shell opens in a context where the
         # distinction between locals and globals is meaningful.  For
         # non-embedded contexts, it is just the same object as the user_ns dict.
 
         # FIXME. For some strange reason, __builtins__ is showing up at user
         # level as a dict instead of a module. This is a manual fix, but I
         # should really track down where the problem is coming from. Alex
         # Schmolck reported this problem first.
 
         # A useful post by Alex Martelli on this topic:
         # Re: inconsistent value from __builtins__
         # Von: Alex Martelli <[e-mail]>
         # Datum: Freitag 01 Oktober 2004 04:45:34 nachmittags/abends
         # Gruppen: comp.lang.python
 
         # Michael Hohn <[e-mail]> wrote:
         # > >>> print type(builtin_check.get_global_binding('__builtins__'))
         # > <type 'dict'>
         # > >>> print type(__builtins__)
         # > <type 'module'>
         # > Is this difference in return value intentional?
 
         # Well, it's documented that '__builtins__' can be either a dictionary
         # or a module, and it's been that way for a long time. Whether it's
         # intentional (or sensible), I don't know. In any case, the idea is
         # that if you need to access the built-in namespace directly, you
         # should start with "import __builtin__" (note, no 's') which will
         # definitely give you a module. Yeah, it's somewhat confusing:-(.
 
         # These routines return properly built dicts as needed by the rest of
         # the code, and can also be used by extension writers to generate
         # properly initialized namespaces.
         user_ns, user_global_ns = self.make_user_namespaces(user_ns,
                                                             user_global_ns)
 
         # Assign namespaces
         # This is the namespace where all normal user variables live
         self.user_ns = user_ns
         self.user_global_ns = user_global_ns
 
         # An auxiliary namespace that checks what parts of the user_ns were
         # loaded at startup, so we can list later only variables defined in
         # actual interactive use.  Since it is always a subset of user_ns, it
         # doesn't need to be separately tracked in the ns_table.
         self.user_ns_hidden = {}
 
         # A namespace to keep track of internal data structures to prevent
         # them from cluttering user-visible stuff.  Will be updated later
         self.internal_ns = {}
 
         # Now that FakeModule produces a real module, we've run into a nasty
         # problem: after script execution (via %run), the module where the user
         # code ran is deleted.  Now that this object is a true module (needed
         # so docetst and other tools work correctly), the Python module
         # teardown mechanism runs over it, and sets to None every variable
         # present in that module.  Top-level references to objects from the
         # script survive, because the user_ns is updated with them.  However,
         # calling functions defined in the script that use other things from
         # the script will fail, because the function's closure had references
         # to the original objects, which are now all None.  So we must protect
         # these modules from deletion by keeping a cache.
         # 
         # To avoid keeping stale modules around (we only need the one from the
         # last run), we use a dict keyed with the full path to the script, so
         # only the last version of the module is held in the cache.  Note,
         # however, that we must cache the module *namespace contents* (their
         # __dict__).  Because if we try to cache the actual modules, old ones
         # (uncached) could be destroyed while still holding references (such as
         # those held by GUI objects that tend to be long-lived)>
         # 
         # The %reset command will flush this cache.  See the cache_main_mod()
         # and clear_main_mod_cache() methods for details on use.
 
         # This is the cache used for 'main' namespaces
         self._main_ns_cache = {}
         # And this is the single instance of FakeModule whose __dict__ we keep
         # copying and clearing for reuse on each %run
         self._user_main_module = FakeModule()
 
         # A table holding all the namespaces IPython deals with, so that
         # introspection facilities can search easily.
         self.ns_table = {'user':user_ns,
                          'user_global':user_global_ns,
                          'internal':self.internal_ns,
                          'builtin':__builtin__.__dict__
                          }
 
         # Similarly, track all namespaces where references can be held and that
         # we can safely clear (so it can NOT include builtin).  This one can be
         # a simple list.  Note that the main execution namespaces, user_ns and
         # user_global_ns, can NOT be listed here, as clearing them blindly
         # causes errors in object __del__ methods.  Instead, the reset() method
         # clears them manually and carefully.
         self.ns_refs_table = [ self.user_ns_hidden,
                                self.internal_ns, self._main_ns_cache ]
 
     def make_user_namespaces(self, user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None):
         """Return a valid local and global user interactive namespaces.
 
         This builds a dict with the minimal information needed to operate as a
         valid IPython user namespace, which you can pass to the various
         embedding classes in ipython. The default implementation returns the
         same dict for both the locals and the globals to allow functions to
         refer to variables in the namespace. Customized implementations can
         return different dicts. The locals dictionary can actually be anything
         following the basic mapping protocol of a dict, but the globals dict
         must be a true dict, not even a subclass. It is recommended that any
         custom object for the locals namespace synchronize with the globals
         dict somehow.
 
         Raises TypeError if the provided globals namespace is not a true dict.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         user_ns : dict-like, optional
             The current user namespace. The items in this namespace should
             be included in the output. If None, an appropriate blank
             namespace should be created.
         user_global_ns : dict, optional
             The current user global namespace. The items in this namespace
             should be included in the output. If None, an appropriate
             blank namespace should be created.
 
         Returns
         -------
             A pair of dictionary-like object to be used as the local namespace
             of the interpreter and a dict to be used as the global namespace.
         """
 
 
         # We must ensure that __builtin__ (without the final 's') is always
         # available and pointing to the __builtin__ *module*.  For more details:
         # http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2001-April/014068.html
 
         if user_ns is None:
             # Set __name__ to __main__ to better match the behavior of the
             # normal interpreter.
             user_ns = {'__name__'     :'__main__',
                        '__builtin__' : __builtin__,
                        '__builtins__' : __builtin__,
                       }
         else:
             user_ns.setdefault('__name__','__main__')
             user_ns.setdefault('__builtin__',__builtin__)
             user_ns.setdefault('__builtins__',__builtin__)
 
         if user_global_ns is None:
             user_global_ns = user_ns
         if type(user_global_ns) is not dict:
             raise TypeError("user_global_ns must be a true dict; got %r"
                 % type(user_global_ns))
 
         return user_ns, user_global_ns
 
     def init_sys_modules(self):
         # We need to insert into sys.modules something that looks like a
         # module but which accesses the IPython namespace, for shelve and
         # pickle to work interactively. Normally they rely on getting
         # everything out of __main__, but for embedding purposes each IPython
         # instance has its own private namespace, so we can't go shoving
         # everything into __main__.
 
         # note, however, that we should only do this for non-embedded
         # ipythons, which really mimic the __main__.__dict__ with their own
         # namespace.  Embedded instances, on the other hand, should not do
         # this because they need to manage the user local/global namespaces
         # only, but they live within a 'normal' __main__ (meaning, they
         # shouldn't overtake the execution environment of the script they're
         # embedded in).
 
         # This is overridden in the InteractiveShellEmbed subclass to a no-op.
 
         try:
             main_name = self.user_ns['__name__']
         except KeyError:
             raise KeyError('user_ns dictionary MUST have a "__name__" key')
         else:
             sys.modules[main_name] = FakeModule(self.user_ns)
 
     def init_user_ns(self):
         """Initialize all user-visible namespaces to their minimum defaults.
 
         Certain history lists are also initialized here, as they effectively
         act as user namespaces.
 
         Notes
         -----
         All data structures here are only filled in, they are NOT reset by this
         method.  If they were not empty before, data will simply be added to
         therm.
         """
         # This function works in two parts: first we put a few things in
         # user_ns, and we sync that contents into user_ns_hidden so that these
         # initial variables aren't shown by %who.  After the sync, we add the
         # rest of what we *do* want the user to see with %who even on a new
         # session (probably nothing, so theye really only see their own stuff)
 
         # The user dict must *always* have a __builtin__ reference to the
         # Python standard __builtin__ namespace,  which must be imported.
         # This is so that certain operations in prompt evaluation can be
         # reliably executed with builtins.  Note that we can NOT use
         # __builtins__ (note the 's'),  because that can either be a dict or a
         # module, and can even mutate at runtime, depending on the context
         # (Python makes no guarantees on it).  In contrast, __builtin__ is
         # always a module object, though it must be explicitly imported.
         
         # For more details:
         # http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2001-April/014068.html
         ns = dict(__builtin__ = __builtin__)
         
         # Put 'help' in the user namespace
         try:
             from site import _Helper
             ns['help'] = _Helper()
         except ImportError:
             warn('help() not available - check site.py')
 
         # make global variables for user access to the histories
         ns['_ih'] = self.history_manager.input_hist_parsed
         ns['_oh'] = self.history_manager.output_hist
         ns['_dh'] = self.history_manager.dir_hist
 
         ns['_sh'] = shadowns
 
         # user aliases to input and output histories.  These shouldn't show up
         # in %who, as they can have very large reprs.
         ns['In']  = self.history_manager.input_hist_parsed
         ns['Out'] = self.history_manager.output_hist
 
         # Store myself as the public api!!!
         ns['get_ipython'] = self.get_ipython
 
         # Sync what we've added so far to user_ns_hidden so these aren't seen
         # by %who
         self.user_ns_hidden.update(ns)
 
         # Anything put into ns now would show up in %who.  Think twice before
         # putting anything here, as we really want %who to show the user their
         # stuff, not our variables.
         
         # Finally, update the real user's namespace
         self.user_ns.update(ns)
 
     def reset(self):
         """Clear all internal namespaces.
 
         Note that this is much more aggressive than %reset, since it clears
         fully all namespaces, as well as all input/output lists.
         """
         # Clear histories
         self.history_manager.reset()
 
         # Reset counter used to index all histories
         self.execution_count = 0
         
         # Restore the user namespaces to minimal usability
         for ns in self.ns_refs_table:
             ns.clear()
 
         # The main execution namespaces must be cleared very carefully,
         # skipping the deletion of the builtin-related keys, because doing so
         # would cause errors in many object's __del__ methods.
         for ns in [self.user_ns, self.user_global_ns]:
             drop_keys = set(ns.keys())
             drop_keys.discard('__builtin__')
             drop_keys.discard('__builtins__')
             for k in drop_keys:
                 del ns[k]
                                         
         # Restore the user namespaces to minimal usability
         self.init_user_ns()
 
         # Restore the default and user aliases
         self.alias_manager.clear_aliases()
         self.alias_manager.init_aliases()
 
     def reset_selective(self, regex=None):
         """Clear selective variables from internal namespaces based on a
         specified regular expression.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         regex : string or compiled pattern, optional
             A regular expression pattern that will be used in searching
             variable names in the users namespaces.
         """
         if regex is not None:
             try:
                 m = re.compile(regex)
             except TypeError:
                 raise TypeError('regex must be a string or compiled pattern')
             # Search for keys in each namespace that match the given regex
             # If a match is found, delete the key/value pair.
             for ns in self.ns_refs_table:
                 for var in ns:
                     if m.search(var):
                         del ns[var]        
         
     def push(self, variables, interactive=True):
         """Inject a group of variables into the IPython user namespace.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         variables : dict, str or list/tuple of str
             The variables to inject into the user's namespace.  If a dict, a
             simple update is done.  If a str, the string is assumed to have
             variable names separated by spaces.  A list/tuple of str can also
             be used to give the variable names.  If just the variable names are
             give (list/tuple/str) then the variable values looked up in the
             callers frame.
         interactive : bool
             If True (default), the variables will be listed with the ``who``
             magic.
         """
         vdict = None
 
         # We need a dict of name/value pairs to do namespace updates.
         if isinstance(variables, dict):
             vdict = variables
         elif isinstance(variables, (basestring, list, tuple)):
             if isinstance(variables, basestring):
                 vlist = variables.split()
             else:
                 vlist = variables
             vdict = {}
             cf = sys._getframe(1)
             for name in vlist:
                 try:
                     vdict[name] = eval(name, cf.f_globals, cf.f_locals)
                 except:
                     print ('Could not get variable %s from %s' %
                            (name,cf.f_code.co_name))
         else:
             raise ValueError('variables must be a dict/str/list/tuple')
             
         # Propagate variables to user namespace
         self.user_ns.update(vdict)
 
         # And configure interactive visibility
         config_ns = self.user_ns_hidden
         if interactive:
             for name, val in vdict.iteritems():
                 config_ns.pop(name, None)
         else:
             for name,val in vdict.iteritems():
                 config_ns[name] = val
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to object introspection
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def _ofind(self, oname, namespaces=None):
         """Find an object in the available namespaces.
 
         self._ofind(oname) -> dict with keys: found,obj,ospace,ismagic
 
         Has special code to detect magic functions.
         """
         #oname = oname.strip()
         #print '1- oname: <%r>' % oname  # dbg
         try:
             oname = oname.strip().encode('ascii')
             #print '2- oname: <%r>' % oname  # dbg
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             print 'Python identifiers can only contain ascii characters.'
             return dict(found=False)
 
         alias_ns = None
         if namespaces is None:
             # Namespaces to search in:
             # Put them in a list. The order is important so that we
             # find things in the same order that Python finds them.
             namespaces = [ ('Interactive', self.user_ns),
                            ('IPython internal', self.internal_ns),
                            ('Python builtin', __builtin__.__dict__),
                            ('Alias', self.alias_manager.alias_table),
                            ]
             alias_ns = self.alias_manager.alias_table
 
         # initialize results to 'null'
         found = False; obj = None;  ospace = None;  ds = None;
         ismagic = False; isalias = False; parent = None
 
         # We need to special-case 'print', which as of python2.6 registers as a
         # function but should only be treated as one if print_function was
         # loaded with a future import.  In this case, just bail.
         if (oname == 'print' and not (self.compile.compiler_flags &
                                       __future__.CO_FUTURE_PRINT_FUNCTION)):
             return {'found':found, 'obj':obj, 'namespace':ospace,
                     'ismagic':ismagic, 'isalias':isalias, 'parent':parent}
 
         # Look for the given name by splitting it in parts.  If the head is
         # found, then we look for all the remaining parts as members, and only
         # declare success if we can find them all.
         oname_parts = oname.split('.')
         oname_head, oname_rest = oname_parts[0],oname_parts[1:]
         for nsname,ns in namespaces:
             try:
                 obj = ns[oname_head]
             except KeyError:
                 continue
             else:
                 #print 'oname_rest:', oname_rest  # dbg
                 for part in oname_rest:
                     try:
                         parent = obj
                         obj = getattr(obj,part)
                     except:
                         # Blanket except b/c some badly implemented objects
                         # allow __getattr__ to raise exceptions other than
                         # AttributeError, which then crashes IPython.
                         break
                 else:
                     # If we finish the for loop (no break), we got all members
                     found = True
                     ospace = nsname
                     if ns == alias_ns:
                         isalias = True
                     break  # namespace loop
 
         # Try to see if it's magic
         if not found:
             if oname.startswith(ESC_MAGIC):
                 oname = oname[1:]
             obj = getattr(self,'magic_'+oname,None)
             if obj is not None:
                 found = True
                 ospace = 'IPython internal'
                 ismagic = True
 
         # Last try: special-case some literals like '', [], {}, etc:
         if not found and oname_head in ["''",'""','[]','{}','()']:
             obj = eval(oname_head)
             found = True
             ospace = 'Interactive'
 
         return {'found':found, 'obj':obj, 'namespace':ospace,
                 'ismagic':ismagic, 'isalias':isalias, 'parent':parent}
 
     def _ofind_property(self, oname, info):
         """Second part of object finding, to look for property details."""
         if info.found:
             # Get the docstring of the class property if it exists.
             path = oname.split('.')
             root = '.'.join(path[:-1])
             if info.parent is not None:
                 try:
                     target = getattr(info.parent, '__class__') 
                     # The object belongs to a class instance. 
                     try: 
                         target = getattr(target, path[-1])
                         # The class defines the object. 
                         if isinstance(target, property):
                             oname = root + '.__class__.' + path[-1]
                             info = Struct(self._ofind(oname))
                     except AttributeError: pass
                 except AttributeError: pass
 
         # We return either the new info or the unmodified input if the object
         # hadn't been found
         return info
 
     def _object_find(self, oname, namespaces=None):
         """Find an object and return a struct with info about it."""
         inf = Struct(self._ofind(oname, namespaces))
         return Struct(self._ofind_property(oname, inf))
         
     def _inspect(self, meth, oname, namespaces=None, **kw):
         """Generic interface to the inspector system.
 
         This function is meant to be called by pdef, pdoc & friends."""
         info = self._object_find(oname)
         if info.found:
             pmethod = getattr(self.inspector, meth)
             formatter = format_screen if info.ismagic else None
             if meth == 'pdoc':
                 pmethod(info.obj, oname, formatter)
             elif meth == 'pinfo':
                 pmethod(info.obj, oname, formatter, info, **kw)
             else:
                 pmethod(info.obj, oname)
         else:
             print 'Object `%s` not found.' % oname
             return 'not found'  # so callers can take other action
 
     def object_inspect(self, oname):
         info = self._object_find(oname)
         if info.found:
             return self.inspector.info(info.obj, oname, info=info)
         else:
             return oinspect.object_info(name=oname, found=False)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to history management
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_history(self):
         """Sets up the command history, and starts regular autosaves."""
         self.history_manager = HistoryManager(shell=self)
 
     def save_history(self):
         """Save input history to a file (via readline library)."""
         self.history_manager.save_history()
 
     def reload_history(self):
         """Reload the input history from disk file."""
         self.history_manager.reload_history()
 
     def history_saving_wrapper(self, func):
         """ Wrap func for readline history saving
 
         Convert func into callable that saves & restores
         history around the call """
 
         if self.has_readline:
             from IPython.utils import rlineimpl as readline
         else:
             return func
 
         def wrapper():
             self.save_history()
             try:
                 func()
             finally:
                 self.reload_history()
         return wrapper
     
     def get_history(self, index=None, raw=False, output=True):
         return self.history_manager.get_history(index, raw, output)
     
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to exception handling and tracebacks (not debugging)
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_traceback_handlers(self, custom_exceptions):
         # Syntax error handler.
         self.SyntaxTB = ultratb.SyntaxTB(color_scheme='NoColor')
         
         # The interactive one is initialized with an offset, meaning we always
         # want to remove the topmost item in the traceback, which is our own
         # internal code. Valid modes: ['Plain','Context','Verbose']
         self.InteractiveTB = ultratb.AutoFormattedTB(mode = 'Plain',
                                                      color_scheme='NoColor',
                                                      tb_offset = 1,
                                    check_cache=self.compile.check_cache)
 
         # The instance will store a pointer to the system-wide exception hook,
         # so that runtime code (such as magics) can access it.  This is because
         # during the read-eval loop, it may get temporarily overwritten.
         self.sys_excepthook = sys.excepthook
 
         # and add any custom exception handlers the user may have specified
         self.set_custom_exc(*custom_exceptions)
 
         # Set the exception mode
         self.InteractiveTB.set_mode(mode=self.xmode)
 
     def set_custom_exc(self, exc_tuple, handler):
         """set_custom_exc(exc_tuple,handler)
 
         Set a custom exception handler, which will be called if any of the
         exceptions in exc_tuple occur in the mainloop (specifically, in the
         run_code() method.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - exc_tuple: a *tuple* of valid exceptions to call the defined
           handler for.  It is very important that you use a tuple, and NOT A
           LIST here, because of the way Python's except statement works.  If
           you only want to trap a single exception, use a singleton tuple:
 
             exc_tuple == (MyCustomException,)
 
           - handler: this must be defined as a function with the following
           basic interface::
 
             def my_handler(self, etype, value, tb, tb_offset=None)
                 ...
                 # The return value must be
                 return structured_traceback
 
           This will be made into an instance method (via types.MethodType)
           of IPython itself, and it will be called if any of the exceptions
           listed in the exc_tuple are caught.  If the handler is None, an
           internal basic one is used, which just prints basic info.
 
         WARNING: by putting in your own exception handler into IPython's main
         execution loop, you run a very good chance of nasty crashes.  This
         facility should only be used if you really know what you are doing."""
 
         assert type(exc_tuple)==type(()) , \
                "The custom exceptions must be given AS A TUPLE."
 
         def dummy_handler(self,etype,value,tb):
             print '*** Simple custom exception handler ***'
             print 'Exception type :',etype
             print 'Exception value:',value
             print 'Traceback      :',tb
             print 'Source code    :','\n'.join(self.buffer)
 
         if handler is None: handler = dummy_handler
 
         self.CustomTB = types.MethodType(handler,self)
         self.custom_exceptions = exc_tuple
 
     def excepthook(self, etype, value, tb):
       """One more defense for GUI apps that call sys.excepthook.
 
       GUI frameworks like wxPython trap exceptions and call
       sys.excepthook themselves.  I guess this is a feature that
       enables them to keep running after exceptions that would
       otherwise kill their mainloop. This is a bother for IPython
       which excepts to catch all of the program exceptions with a try:
       except: statement.
 
       Normally, IPython sets sys.excepthook to a CrashHandler instance, so if
       any app directly invokes sys.excepthook, it will look to the user like
       IPython crashed.  In order to work around this, we can disable the
       CrashHandler and replace it with this excepthook instead, which prints a
       regular traceback using our InteractiveTB.  In this fashion, apps which
       call sys.excepthook will generate a regular-looking exception from
       IPython, and the CrashHandler will only be triggered by real IPython
       crashes.
 
       This hook should be used sparingly, only in places which are not likely
       to be true IPython errors.
       """
       self.showtraceback((etype,value,tb),tb_offset=0)
 
     def showtraceback(self,exc_tuple = None,filename=None,tb_offset=None,
                       exception_only=False):
         """Display the exception that just occurred.
 
         If nothing is known about the exception, this is the method which
         should be used throughout the code for presenting user tracebacks,
         rather than directly invoking the InteractiveTB object.
 
         A specific showsyntaxerror() also exists, but this method can take
         care of calling it if needed, so unless you are explicitly catching a
         SyntaxError exception, don't try to analyze the stack manually and
         simply call this method."""
         
         try:
             if exc_tuple is None:
                 etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
             else:
                 etype, value, tb = exc_tuple
 
             if etype is None:
                 if hasattr(sys, 'last_type'):
                     etype, value, tb = sys.last_type, sys.last_value, \
                                        sys.last_traceback
                 else:
                     self.write_err('No traceback available to show.\n')
                     return
     
             if etype is SyntaxError:
                 # Though this won't be called by syntax errors in the input
                 # line, there may be SyntaxError cases whith imported code.
                 self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             elif etype is UsageError:
                 print "UsageError:", value
             else:
                 # WARNING: these variables are somewhat deprecated and not
                 # necessarily safe to use in a threaded environment, but tools
                 # like pdb depend on their existence, so let's set them.  If we
                 # find problems in the field, we'll need to revisit their use.
                 sys.last_type = etype
                 sys.last_value = value
                 sys.last_traceback = tb
     
                 if etype in self.custom_exceptions:
                     # FIXME: Old custom traceback objects may just return a
                     # string, in that case we just put it into a list
                     stb = self.CustomTB(etype, value, tb, tb_offset)
                     if isinstance(ctb, basestring):
                         stb = [stb]
                 else:
                     if exception_only:
                         stb = ['An exception has occurred, use %tb to see '
                                'the full traceback.\n']
                         stb.extend(self.InteractiveTB.get_exception_only(etype,
                                                                          value))
                     else:
                         stb = self.InteractiveTB.structured_traceback(etype,
                                                 value, tb, tb_offset=tb_offset)
                         # FIXME: the pdb calling should be done by us, not by
                         # the code computing the traceback.
                         if self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb:
                             # pdb mucks up readline, fix it back
                             self.set_readline_completer()
 
                 # Actually show the traceback
                 self._showtraceback(etype, value, stb)
                 
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             self.write_err("\nKeyboardInterrupt\n")
 
     def _showtraceback(self, etype, evalue, stb):
         """Actually show a traceback.
 
         Subclasses may override this method to put the traceback on a different
         place, like a side channel.
         """
         print >> io.Term.cout, self.InteractiveTB.stb2text(stb)
 
     def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None):
         """Display the syntax error that just occurred.
 
         This doesn't display a stack trace because there isn't one.
 
         If a filename is given, it is stuffed in the exception instead
         of what was there before (because Python's parser always uses
         "<string>" when reading from a string).
         """
         etype, value, last_traceback = sys.exc_info()
 
         # See note about these variables in showtraceback() above
         sys.last_type = etype
         sys.last_value = value
         sys.last_traceback = last_traceback
         
         if filename and etype is SyntaxError:
             # Work hard to stuff the correct filename in the exception
             try:
                 msg, (dummy_filename, lineno, offset, line) = value
             except:
                 # Not the format we expect; leave it alone
                 pass
             else:
                 # Stuff in the right filename
                 try:
                     # Assume SyntaxError is a class exception
                     value = SyntaxError(msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line))
                 except:
                     # If that failed, assume SyntaxError is a string
                     value = msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line)
         stb = self.SyntaxTB.structured_traceback(etype, value, [])
         self._showtraceback(etype, value, stb)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to readline
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_readline(self):
         """Command history completion/saving/reloading."""
 
         if self.readline_use:
             import IPython.utils.rlineimpl as readline
 
         self.rl_next_input = None
         self.rl_do_indent = False
 
         if not self.readline_use or not readline.have_readline:
             self.has_readline = False
             self.readline = None
             # Set a number of methods that depend on readline to be no-op
             self.set_readline_completer = no_op
             self.set_custom_completer = no_op
             self.set_completer_frame = no_op
             warn('Readline services not available or not loaded.')
         else:
             self.has_readline = True
             self.readline = readline
             sys.modules['readline'] = readline
             
             # Platform-specific configuration
             if os.name == 'nt':
                 # FIXME - check with Frederick to see if we can harmonize
                 # naming conventions with pyreadline to avoid this
                 # platform-dependent check
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_pre_input_hook
             else:
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_startup_hook
 
             # Load user's initrc file (readline config)
             # Or if libedit is used, load editrc.
             inputrc_name = os.environ.get('INPUTRC')
             if inputrc_name is None:
                 home_dir = get_home_dir()
                 if home_dir is not None:
                     inputrc_name = '.inputrc'
                     if readline.uses_libedit:
                         inputrc_name = '.editrc'
                     inputrc_name = os.path.join(home_dir, inputrc_name)
             if os.path.isfile(inputrc_name):
                 try:
                     readline.read_init_file(inputrc_name)
                 except:
                     warn('Problems reading readline initialization file <%s>'
                          % inputrc_name)
             
             # Configure readline according to user's prefs
             # This is only done if GNU readline is being used.  If libedit
             # is being used (as on Leopard) the readline config is
             # not run as the syntax for libedit is different.
             if not readline.uses_libedit:
                 for rlcommand in self.readline_parse_and_bind:
                     #print "loading rl:",rlcommand  # dbg
                     readline.parse_and_bind(rlcommand)
 
             # Remove some chars from the delimiters list.  If we encounter
             # unicode chars, discard them.
             delims = readline.get_completer_delims().encode("ascii", "ignore")
             delims = delims.translate(None, self.readline_remove_delims)
             delims = delims.replace(ESC_MAGIC, '')
             readline.set_completer_delims(delims)
             # otherwise we end up with a monster history after a while:
             readline.set_history_length(self.history_length)
             try:
                 #print '*** Reading readline history'  # dbg
                 self.reload_history() 
             except IOError:
                 pass  # It doesn't exist yet.
 
         # Configure auto-indent for all platforms
         self.set_autoindent(self.autoindent)
 
     def set_next_input(self, s):
         """ Sets the 'default' input string for the next command line.
         
         Requires readline.
         
         Example:
         
         [D:\ipython]|1> _ip.set_next_input("Hello Word")
         [D:\ipython]|2> Hello Word_  # cursor is here        
         """
 
         self.rl_next_input = s
 
     # Maybe move this to the terminal subclass?
     def pre_readline(self):
         """readline hook to be used at the start of each line.
 
         Currently it handles auto-indent only."""
 
         if self.rl_do_indent:
             self.readline.insert_text(self._indent_current_str())
         if self.rl_next_input is not None:
             self.readline.insert_text(self.rl_next_input)
             self.rl_next_input = None
 
     def _indent_current_str(self):
         """return the current level of indentation as a string"""
         return self.input_splitter.indent_spaces * ' '
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to text completion
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_completer(self):
         """Initialize the completion machinery.
 
         This creates completion machinery that can be used by client code,
         either interactively in-process (typically triggered by the readline
         library), programatically (such as in test suites) or out-of-prcess
         (typically over the network by remote frontends).
         """
         from IPython.core.completer import IPCompleter
         from IPython.core.completerlib import (module_completer,
                                                magic_run_completer, cd_completer)
         
         self.Completer = IPCompleter(self,
                                      self.user_ns,
                                      self.user_global_ns,
                                      self.readline_omit__names,
                                      self.alias_manager.alias_table,
                                      self.has_readline)
         
         # Add custom completers to the basic ones built into IPCompleter
         sdisp = self.strdispatchers.get('complete_command', StrDispatch())
         self.strdispatchers['complete_command'] = sdisp
         self.Completer.custom_completers = sdisp
 
         self.set_hook('complete_command', module_completer, str_key = 'import')
         self.set_hook('complete_command', module_completer, str_key = 'from')
         self.set_hook('complete_command', magic_run_completer, str_key = '%run')
         self.set_hook('complete_command', cd_completer, str_key = '%cd')
 
         # Only configure readline if we truly are using readline.  IPython can
         # do tab-completion over the network, in GUIs, etc, where readline
         # itself may be absent
         if self.has_readline:
             self.set_readline_completer()
 
     def complete(self, text, line=None, cursor_pos=None):
         """Return the completed text and a list of completions.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
 
            text : string
              A string of text to be completed on.  It can be given as empty and
              instead a line/position pair are given.  In this case, the
              completer itself will split the line like readline does.
 
            line : string, optional
              The complete line that text is part of.
 
            cursor_pos : int, optional
              The position of the cursor on the input line.
 
         Returns
         -------
           text : string
             The actual text that was completed.
 
           matches : list
             A sorted list with all possible completions.
 
         The optional arguments allow the completion to take more context into
         account, and are part of the low-level completion API.
         
         This is a wrapper around the completion mechanism, similar to what
         readline does at the command line when the TAB key is hit.  By
         exposing it as a method, it can be used by other non-readline
         environments (such as GUIs) for text completion.
 
         Simple usage example:
 
         In [1]: x = 'hello'
 
         In [2]: _ip.complete('x.l')
         Out[2]: ('x.l', ['x.ljust', 'x.lower', 'x.lstrip'])
         """
 
         # Inject names into __builtin__ so we can complete on the added names.
         with self.builtin_trap:
             return self.Completer.complete(text, line, cursor_pos)
 
     def set_custom_completer(self, completer, pos=0):
         """Adds a new custom completer function.
 
         The position argument (defaults to 0) is the index in the completers
         list where you want the completer to be inserted."""
 
         newcomp = types.MethodType(completer,self.Completer)
         self.Completer.matchers.insert(pos,newcomp)
 
     def set_readline_completer(self):
         """Reset readline's completer to be our own."""
         self.readline.set_completer(self.Completer.rlcomplete)
 
     def set_completer_frame(self, frame=None):
         """Set the frame of the completer."""
         if frame:
             self.Completer.namespace = frame.f_locals
             self.Completer.global_namespace = frame.f_globals
         else:
             self.Completer.namespace = self.user_ns
             self.Completer.global_namespace = self.user_global_ns
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to magics
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_magics(self):
         # FIXME: Move the color initialization to the DisplayHook, which
         # should be split into a prompt manager and displayhook. We probably
         # even need a centralize colors management object.
         self.magic_colors(self.colors)
         # History was moved to a separate module
         from . import history
         history.init_ipython(self)
 
     def magic(self,arg_s):
         """Call a magic function by name.
 
         Input: a string containing the name of the magic function to call and
         any additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
 
         magic('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
         prompt:
 
         In[1]: %name -opt foo bar
 
         To call a magic without arguments, simply use magic('name').
 
         This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's magics in any
         valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
         compound statements.
         """
         args = arg_s.split(' ',1)
         magic_name = args[0]
         magic_name = magic_name.lstrip(prefilter.ESC_MAGIC)
 
         try:
             magic_args = args[1]
         except IndexError:
             magic_args = ''
         fn = getattr(self,'magic_'+magic_name,None)
         if fn is None:
             error("Magic function `%s` not found." % magic_name)
         else:
             magic_args = self.var_expand(magic_args,1)
             with nested(self.builtin_trap,):
                 result = fn(magic_args)
                 return result
 
     def define_magic(self, magicname, func):
         """Expose own function as magic function for ipython 
     
         def foo_impl(self,parameter_s=''):
             'My very own magic!. (Use docstrings, IPython reads them).'
             print 'Magic function. Passed parameter is between < >:'
             print '<%s>' % parameter_s
             print 'The self object is:',self
     
         self.define_magic('foo',foo_impl)
         """
         
         import new
         im = types.MethodType(func,self)
         old = getattr(self, "magic_" + magicname, None)
         setattr(self, "magic_" + magicname, im)
         return old
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to macros
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def define_macro(self, name, themacro):
         """Define a new macro
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         name : str
             The name of the macro.
         themacro : str or Macro
             The action to do upon invoking the macro.  If a string, a new 
             Macro object is created by passing the string to it.
         """
         
         from IPython.core import macro
 
         if isinstance(themacro, basestring):
             themacro = macro.Macro(themacro)
         if not isinstance(themacro, macro.Macro):
             raise ValueError('A macro must be a string or a Macro instance.')
         self.user_ns[name] = themacro
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the running of system commands
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def system(self, cmd):
         """Call the given cmd in a subprocess.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         cmd : str
           Command to execute (can not end in '&', as bacground processes are
           not supported.
         """
         # We do not support backgrounding processes because we either use
         # pexpect or pipes to read from.  Users can always just call
         # os.system() if they really want a background process.
         if cmd.endswith('&'):
             raise OSError("Background processes not supported.")
 
         return system(self.var_expand(cmd, depth=2))
 
     def getoutput(self, cmd, split=True):
         """Get output (possibly including stderr) from a subprocess.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         cmd : str
           Command to execute (can not end in '&', as background processes are
           not supported.
         split : bool, optional
         
           If True, split the output into an IPython SList.  Otherwise, an
           IPython LSString is returned.  These are objects similar to normal
           lists and strings, with a few convenience attributes for easier
           manipulation of line-based output.  You can use '?' on them for
           details.
           """
         if cmd.endswith('&'):
             raise OSError("Background processes not supported.")
         out = getoutput(self.var_expand(cmd, depth=2))
         if split:
             out = SList(out.splitlines())
         else:
             out = LSString(out)
         return out
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to aliases
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_alias(self):
         self.alias_manager = AliasManager(shell=self, config=self.config)
         self.ns_table['alias'] = self.alias_manager.alias_table,
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to extensions and plugins
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_extension_manager(self):
         self.extension_manager = ExtensionManager(shell=self, config=self.config)
 
     def init_plugin_manager(self):
         self.plugin_manager = PluginManager(config=self.config)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to payloads
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_payload(self):
         self.payload_manager = PayloadManager(config=self.config)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the prefilter
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_prefilter(self):
         self.prefilter_manager = PrefilterManager(shell=self, config=self.config)
         # Ultimately this will be refactored in the new interpreter code, but
         # for now, we should expose the main prefilter method (there's legacy
         # code out there that may rely on this).
         self.prefilter = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_lines
 
     def auto_rewrite_input(self, cmd):
         """Print to the screen the rewritten form of the user's command.
 
         This shows visual feedback by rewriting input lines that cause
         automatic calling to kick in, like::
 
           /f x
 
         into::
 
           ------> f(x)
           
         after the user's input prompt.  This helps the user understand that the
         input line was transformed automatically by IPython.
         """
         rw = self.displayhook.prompt1.auto_rewrite() + cmd
 
         try:
             # plain ascii works better w/ pyreadline, on some machines, so
             # we use it and only print uncolored rewrite if we have unicode
             rw = str(rw)
             print >> IPython.utils.io.Term.cout, rw
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             print "------> " + cmd
             
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to extracting values/expressions from kernel and user_ns
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def _simple_error(self):
         etype, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
         return u'[ERROR] {e.__name__}: {v}'.format(e=etype, v=value)
 
     def user_variables(self, names):
         """Get a list of variable names from the user's namespace.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         names : list of strings
           A list of names of variables to be read from the user namespace.
 
         Returns
         -------
         A dict, keyed by the input names and with the repr() of each value.
         """
         out = {}
         user_ns = self.user_ns
         for varname in names:
             try:
                 value = repr(user_ns[varname])
             except:
                 value = self._simple_error()
             out[varname] = value
         return out
         
     def user_expressions(self, expressions):
         """Evaluate a dict of expressions in the user's namespace.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         expressions : dict
           A dict with string keys and string values.  The expression values
           should be valid Python expressions, each of which will be evaluated
           in the user namespace.
         
         Returns
         -------
         A dict, keyed like the input expressions dict, with the repr() of each
         value.
         """
         out = {}
         user_ns = self.user_ns
         global_ns = self.user_global_ns
         for key, expr in expressions.iteritems():
             try:
                 value = repr(eval(expr, global_ns, user_ns))
             except:
                 value = self._simple_error()
             out[key] = value
         return out
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the running of code
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def ex(self, cmd):
         """Execute a normal python statement in user namespace."""
         with nested(self.builtin_trap,):
             exec cmd in self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns
 
     def ev(self, expr):
         """Evaluate python expression expr in user namespace.
 
         Returns the result of evaluation
         """
         with nested(self.builtin_trap,):
             return eval(expr, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
 
     def safe_execfile(self, fname, *where, **kw):
         """A safe version of the builtin execfile().
 
         This version will never throw an exception, but instead print
         helpful error messages to the screen.  This only works on pure
         Python files with the .py extension.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         fname : string
             The name of the file to be executed.
         where : tuple
             One or two namespaces, passed to execfile() as (globals,locals).
             If only one is given, it is passed as both.
         exit_ignore : bool (False)
             If True, then silence SystemExit for non-zero status (it is always
             silenced for zero status, as it is so common).
         """
         kw.setdefault('exit_ignore', False)
 
         fname = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(fname))
 
         # Make sure we have a .py file
         if not fname.endswith('.py'):
             warn('File must end with .py to be run using execfile: <%s>' % fname)
 
         # Make sure we can open the file
         try:
             with open(fname) as thefile:
                 pass
         except:
             warn('Could not open file <%s> for safe execution.' % fname)
             return
 
         # Find things also in current directory.  This is needed to mimic the
         # behavior of running a script from the system command line, where
         # Python inserts the script's directory into sys.path
         dname = os.path.dirname(fname)
 
         with prepended_to_syspath(dname):
             try:
                 execfile(fname,*where)
             except SystemExit, status:
                 # If the call was made with 0 or None exit status (sys.exit(0)
                 # or sys.exit() ), don't bother showing a traceback, as both of
                 # these are considered normal by the OS:
                 # > python -c'import sys;sys.exit(0)'; echo $?
                 # 0
                 # > python -c'import sys;sys.exit()'; echo $?
                 # 0
                 # For other exit status, we show the exception unless
                 # explicitly silenced, but only in short form.
                 if status.code not in (0, None) and not kw['exit_ignore']:
                     self.showtraceback(exception_only=True)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
 
     def safe_execfile_ipy(self, fname):
         """Like safe_execfile, but for .ipy files with IPython syntax.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         fname : str
             The name of the file to execute.  The filename must have a
             .ipy extension.
         """
         fname = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(fname))
 
         # Make sure we have a .py file
         if not fname.endswith('.ipy'):
             warn('File must end with .py to be run using execfile: <%s>' % fname)
 
         # Make sure we can open the file
         try:
             with open(fname) as thefile:
                 pass
         except:
             warn('Could not open file <%s> for safe execution.' % fname)
             return
 
         # Find things also in current directory.  This is needed to mimic the
         # behavior of running a script from the system command line, where
         # Python inserts the script's directory into sys.path
         dname = os.path.dirname(fname)
 
         with prepended_to_syspath(dname):
             try:
                 with open(fname) as thefile:
                     # self.run_cell currently captures all exceptions
                     # raised in user code.  It would be nice if there were
                     # versions of runlines, execfile that did raise, so
                     # we could catch the errors.
                     self.run_cell(thefile.read())
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
                 warn('Unknown failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
 
     def run_cell(self, cell):
         """Run the contents of an entire multiline 'cell' of code.
 
         The cell is split into separate blocks which can be executed
         individually.  Then, based on how many blocks there are, they are
         executed as follows:
 
         - A single block: 'single' mode.
 
         If there's more than one block, it depends:
 
         - if the last one is no more than two lines long, run all but the last
         in 'exec' mode and the very last one in 'single' mode.  This makes it
         easy to type simple expressions at the end to see computed values.  -
         otherwise (last one is also multiline), run all in 'exec' mode
 
         When code is executed in 'single' mode, :func:`sys.displayhook` fires,
         results are displayed and output prompts are computed.  In 'exec' mode,
         no results are displayed unless :func:`print` is called explicitly;
         this mode is more akin to running a script.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         cell : str
           A single or multiline string.
         """
         
         # We need to break up the input into executable blocks that can be run
         # in 'single' mode, to provide comfortable user behavior.
         blocks = self.input_splitter.split_blocks(cell)
         
         if not blocks:
             return
 
         # Store the 'ipython' version of the cell as well, since that's what
         # needs to go into the translated history and get executed (the
         # original cell may contain non-python syntax).
         ipy_cell = ''.join(blocks)
 
         # Store raw and processed history
         self.history_manager.store_inputs(ipy_cell, cell)
 
         self.logger.log(ipy_cell, cell)
         # dbg code!!!
         if 0:
             def myapp(self, val):  # dbg
                 import traceback as tb
                 stack = ''.join(tb.format_stack())
                 print 'Value:', val
                 print 'Stack:\n', stack
                 list.append(self, val)
 
             import new
             self.history_manager.input_hist_parsed.append = types.MethodType(myapp,
                                                                             self.history_manager.input_hist_parsed)
         # End dbg
 
         # All user code execution must happen with our context managers active
         with nested(self.builtin_trap, self.display_trap):
 
             # Single-block input should behave like an interactive prompt
             if len(blocks) == 1:
                 # since we return here, we need to update the execution count
                 out = self.run_one_block(blocks[0])
                 self.execution_count += 1
                 return out
 
             # In multi-block input, if the last block is a simple (one-two
             # lines) expression, run it in single mode so it produces output.
             # Otherwise just feed the whole thing to run_code.  This seems like
             # a reasonable usability design.
             last = blocks[-1]
             last_nlines = len(last.splitlines())
 
             # Note: below, whenever we call run_code, we must sync history
             # ourselves, because run_code is NOT meant to manage history at all.
             if last_nlines < 2:
                 # Here we consider the cell split between 'body' and 'last',
                 # store all history and execute 'body', and if successful, then
                 # proceed to execute 'last'.
 
                 # Get the main body to run as a cell
                 ipy_body = ''.join(blocks[:-1])
                 retcode = self.run_source(ipy_body, symbol='exec',
                                           post_execute=False)
                 if retcode==0:
                     # And the last expression via runlines so it produces output
                     self.run_one_block(last)
             else:
                 # Run the whole cell as one entity, storing both raw and
                 # processed input in history
                 self.run_source(ipy_cell, symbol='exec')
 
         # Each cell is a *single* input, regardless of how many lines it has
         self.execution_count += 1
 
     def run_one_block(self, block):
         """Run a single interactive block.
 
         If the block is single-line, dynamic transformations are applied to it
         (like automagics, autocall and alias recognition).
         """
         if len(block.splitlines()) <= 1:
             out = self.run_single_line(block)
         else:
             out = self.run_code(block)
         return out
 
     def run_single_line(self, line):
         """Run a single-line interactive statement.
 
         This assumes the input has been transformed to IPython syntax by
         applying all static transformations (those with an explicit prefix like
         % or !), but it will further try to apply the dynamic ones.
 
         It does not update history.
         """
         tline = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_line(line)
         return self.run_source(tline)
 
     # PENDING REMOVAL: this method is slated for deletion, once our new
     # input logic has been 100% moved to frontends and is stable.
     def runlines(self, lines, clean=False):
         """Run a string of one or more lines of source.
 
         This method is capable of running a string containing multiple source
         lines, as if they had been entered at the IPython prompt.  Since it
         exposes IPython's processing machinery, the given strings can contain
         magic calls (%magic), special shell access (!cmd), etc.
         """
         
         if isinstance(lines, (list, tuple)):
             lines = '\n'.join(lines)
 
         if clean:
             lines = self._cleanup_ipy_script(lines)
 
         # We must start with a clean buffer, in case this is run from an
         # interactive IPython session (via a magic, for example).
         self.reset_buffer()
         lines = lines.splitlines()
 
         # Since we will prefilter all lines, store the user's raw input too
         # before we apply any transformations
         self.buffer_raw[:] = [ l+'\n' for l in lines]
         
         more = False
         prefilter_lines = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_lines
         with nested(self.builtin_trap, self.display_trap):
             for line in lines:
                 # skip blank lines so we don't mess up the prompt counter, but
                 # do NOT skip even a blank line if we are in a code block (more
                 # is true)
             
                 if line or more:
                     more = self.push_line(prefilter_lines(line, more))
                     # IPython's run_source returns None if there was an error
                     # compiling the code.  This allows us to stop processing
                     # right away, so the user gets the error message at the
                     # right place.
                     if more is None:
                         break
             # final newline in case the input didn't have it, so that the code
             # actually does get executed
             if more:
                 self.push_line('\n')
 
     def run_source(self, source, filename=None,
                    symbol='single', post_execute=True):
         """Compile and run some source in the interpreter.
 
         Arguments are as for compile_command().
 
         One several things can happen:
 
         1) The input is incorrect; compile_command() raised an
         exception (SyntaxError or OverflowError).  A syntax traceback
         will be printed by calling the showsyntaxerror() method.
 
         2) The input is incomplete, and more input is required;
         compile_command() returned None.  Nothing happens.
 
         3) The input is complete; compile_command() returned a code
         object.  The code is executed by calling self.run_code() (which
         also handles run-time exceptions, except for SystemExit).
 
         The return value is:
 
           - True in case 2
 
           - False in the other cases, unless an exception is raised, where
           None is returned instead.  This can be used by external callers to
           know whether to continue feeding input or not.
 
         The return value can be used to decide whether to use sys.ps1 or
         sys.ps2 to prompt the next line."""
 
         # We need to ensure that the source is unicode from here on.
         if type(source)==str:
             usource = source.decode(self.stdin_encoding)
         else:
             usource = source
 
         if 0:  # dbg
             print 'Source:', repr(source)  # dbg
             print 'USource:', repr(usource)  # dbg
             print 'type:', type(source) # dbg
             print 'encoding', self.stdin_encoding  # dbg
         
         try:
             code = self.compile(usource, symbol, self.execution_count)
         except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError, TypeError, MemoryError):
             # Case 1
             self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             return None
 
         if code is None:
             # Case 2
             return True
 
         # Case 3
         # We store the code object so that threaded shells and
         # custom exception handlers can access all this info if needed.
         # The source corresponding to this can be obtained from the
         # buffer attribute as '\n'.join(self.buffer).
         self.code_to_run = code
         # now actually execute the code object
         if self.run_code(code, post_execute) == 0:
             return False
         else:
             return None
 
     # For backwards compatibility
     runsource = run_source
     
     def run_code(self, code_obj, post_execute=True):
         """Execute a code object.
 
         When an exception occurs, self.showtraceback() is called to display a
         traceback.
 
         Return value: a flag indicating whether the code to be run completed
         successfully:
 
           - 0: successful execution.
           - 1: an error occurred.
         """
 
         # Set our own excepthook in case the user code tries to call it
         # directly, so that the IPython crash handler doesn't get triggered
         old_excepthook,sys.excepthook = sys.excepthook, self.excepthook
 
         # we save the original sys.excepthook in the instance, in case config
         # code (such as magics) needs access to it.
         self.sys_excepthook = old_excepthook
         outflag = 1  # happens in more places, so it's easier as default
         try:
             try:
                 self.hooks.pre_run_code_hook()
                 #rprint('Running code') # dbg
                 exec code_obj in self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns
             finally:
                 # Reset our crash handler in place
                 sys.excepthook = old_excepthook
         except SystemExit:
             self.reset_buffer()
             self.showtraceback(exception_only=True)
             warn("To exit: use any of 'exit', 'quit', %Exit or Ctrl-D.", level=1)
         except self.custom_exceptions:
             etype,value,tb = sys.exc_info()
             self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
         except:
             self.showtraceback()
         else:
             outflag = 0
             if softspace(sys.stdout, 0):
                 print
 
         # Execute any registered post-execution functions.  Here, any errors
         # are reported only minimally and just on the terminal, because the
         # main exception channel may be occupied with a user traceback.
         # FIXME: we need to think this mechanism a little more carefully.
         if post_execute:
             for func in self._post_execute:
                 try:
                     func()
                 except:
                     head = '[ ERROR ] Evaluating post_execute function: %s' % \
                            func
                     print >> io.Term.cout, head
                     print >> io.Term.cout, self._simple_error()
                     print >> io.Term.cout, 'Removing from post_execute'
                     self._post_execute.remove(func)
 
         # Flush out code object which has been run (and source)
         self.code_to_run = None
         return outflag
         
     # For backwards compatibility
     runcode = run_code
 
     # PENDING REMOVAL: this method is slated for deletion, once our new
     # input logic has been 100% moved to frontends and is stable.
     def push_line(self, line):
         """Push a line to the interpreter.
 
         The line should not have a trailing newline; it may have
         internal newlines.  The line is appended to a buffer and the
         interpreter's run_source() method is called with the
         concatenated contents of the buffer as source.  If this
         indicates that the command was executed or invalid, the buffer
         is reset; otherwise, the command is incomplete, and the buffer
         is left as it was after the line was appended.  The return
         value is 1 if more input is required, 0 if the line was dealt
         with in some way (this is the same as run_source()).
         """
 
         # autoindent management should be done here, and not in the
         # interactive loop, since that one is only seen by keyboard input.  We
         # need this done correctly even for code run via runlines (which uses
         # push).
 
         #print 'push line: <%s>' % line  # dbg
         self.buffer.append(line)
         full_source = '\n'.join(self.buffer)
         more = self.run_source(full_source, self.filename)
         if not more:
             self.history_manager.store_inputs('\n'.join(self.buffer_raw),
                                               full_source)
             self.reset_buffer()
             self.execution_count += 1
         return more
 
     def reset_buffer(self):
         """Reset the input buffer."""
         self.buffer[:] = []
         self.buffer_raw[:] = []
         self.input_splitter.reset()
 
     # For backwards compatibility
     resetbuffer = reset_buffer
 
     def _is_secondary_block_start(self, s):
         if not s.endswith(':'):
             return False
         if (s.startswith('elif') or 
             s.startswith('else') or 
             s.startswith('except') or
             s.startswith('finally')):
             return True
 
     def _cleanup_ipy_script(self, script):
         """Make a script safe for self.runlines()
 
         Currently, IPython is lines based, with blocks being detected by
         empty lines.  This is a problem for block based scripts that may
         not have empty lines after blocks.  This script adds those empty
         lines to make scripts safe for running in the current line based
         IPython.
         """
         res = []
         lines = script.splitlines()
         level = 0
 
         for l in lines:
             lstripped = l.lstrip()
             stripped = l.strip()                
             if not stripped:
                 continue
             newlevel = len(l) - len(lstripped)                    
             if level > 0 and newlevel == 0 and \
                    not self._is_secondary_block_start(stripped): 
                 # add empty line
                 res.append('')
             res.append(l)
             level = newlevel
 
         return '\n'.join(res) + '\n'
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to GUI support and pylab
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def enable_pylab(self, gui=None):
         raise NotImplementedError('Implement enable_pylab in a subclass')
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Utilities
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def var_expand(self,cmd,depth=0):
         """Expand python variables in a string.
 
         The depth argument indicates how many frames above the caller should
         be walked to look for the local namespace where to expand variables.
 
         The global namespace for expansion is always the user's interactive
         namespace.
         """
 
         return str(ItplNS(cmd,
                           self.user_ns,  # globals
                           # Skip our own frame in searching for locals:
                           sys._getframe(depth+1).f_locals # locals
                           ))
 
     def mktempfile(self, data=None, prefix='ipython_edit_'):
         """Make a new tempfile and return its filename.
 
         This makes a call to tempfile.mktemp, but it registers the created
         filename internally so ipython cleans it up at exit time.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - data(None): if data is given, it gets written out to the temp file
           immediately, and the file is closed again."""
 
         filename = tempfile.mktemp('.py', prefix)
         self.tempfiles.append(filename)
         
         if data:
             tmp_file = open(filename,'w')
             tmp_file.write(data)
             tmp_file.close()
         return filename
 
     # TODO:  This should be removed when Term is refactored.
     def write(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default output"""
         io.Term.cout.write(data)
 
     # TODO:  This should be removed when Term is refactored.
     def write_err(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default error output"""
         io.Term.cerr.write(data)
 
     def ask_yes_no(self,prompt,default=True):
         if self.quiet:
             return True
         return ask_yes_no(prompt,default)
     
     def show_usage(self):
         """Show a usage message"""
         page.page(IPython.core.usage.interactive_usage)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to IPython exiting
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     def atexit_operations(self):
         """This will be executed at the time of exit.
 
         Cleanup operations and saving of persistent data that is done
         unconditionally by IPython should be performed here.
 
         For things that may depend on startup flags or platform specifics (such
         as having readline or not), register a separate atexit function in the
         code that has the appropriate information, rather than trying to
         clutter 
         """
         # Cleanup all tempfiles left around
         for tfile in self.tempfiles:
             try:
                 os.unlink(tfile)
             except OSError:
                 pass
 
         self.save_history()
 
         # Clear all user namespaces to release all references cleanly.
         self.reset()
 
         # Run user hooks
         self.hooks.shutdown_hook()
 
     def cleanup(self):
         self.restore_sys_module_state()
 
 
 class InteractiveShellABC(object):
     """An abstract base class for InteractiveShell."""
     __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
 
 InteractiveShellABC.register(InteractiveShell)

IPython/frontend/terminal/ipapp.py

@@ -1,664 +1,664 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 The :class:`~IPython.core.application.Application` object for the command
 line :command:`ipython` program.
 
 Authors
 -------
 
 * Brian Granger
 * Fernando Perez
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2010  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import logging
 import os
 import sys
 
 from IPython.core import release
 from IPython.core.crashhandler import CrashHandler
 from IPython.core.application import Application, BaseAppConfigLoader
 from IPython.frontend.terminal.interactiveshell import TerminalInteractiveShell
 from IPython.config.loader import (
     Config,
     PyFileConfigLoader
 )
 from IPython.lib import inputhook
 from IPython.utils.path import filefind, get_ipython_dir
 from IPython.core import usage
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals, utilities and helpers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #: The default config file name for this application.
 default_config_file_name = u'ipython_config.py'
 
 
 class IPAppConfigLoader(BaseAppConfigLoader):
 
     def _add_arguments(self):
         super(IPAppConfigLoader, self)._add_arguments()
         paa = self.parser.add_argument
         paa('-p', 
             '--profile', dest='Global.profile', type=unicode,
             help=
             """The string name of the ipython profile to be used.  Assume that your
             config file is ipython_config-<name>.py (looks in current dir first,
             then in IPYTHON_DIR). This is a quick way to keep and load multiple
             config files for different tasks, especially if include your basic one
             in your more specialized ones.  You can keep a basic
             IPYTHON_DIR/ipython_config.py file and then have other 'profiles' which
             include this one and load extra things for particular tasks.""",
             metavar='Global.profile')
         paa('--config-file', 
             dest='Global.config_file', type=unicode,
             help=
             """Set the config file name to override default.  Normally IPython
             loads ipython_config.py (from current directory) or
             IPYTHON_DIR/ipython_config.py.  If the loading of your config file
             fails, IPython starts with a bare bones configuration (no modules
             loaded at all).""",
             metavar='Global.config_file')
         paa('--autocall', 
             dest='InteractiveShell.autocall', type=int, 
             help=
             """Make IPython automatically call any callable object even if you
             didn't type explicit parentheses. For example, 'str 43' becomes
             'str(43)' automatically.  The value can be '0' to disable the feature,
             '1' for 'smart' autocall, where it is not applied if there are no more
             arguments on the line, and '2' for 'full' autocall, where all callable
             objects are automatically called (even if no arguments are present).
             The default is '1'.""",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.autocall')
         paa('--autoindent',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.autoindent',
             help='Turn on autoindenting.')
         paa('--no-autoindent',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.autoindent',
             help='Turn off autoindenting.')
         paa('--automagic',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.automagic',
             help=
             """Turn on the auto calling of magic commands. Type %%magic at the
             IPython  prompt  for  more information.""")
         paa('--no-automagic',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.automagic',
             help='Turn off the auto calling of magic commands.')
         paa('--autoedit-syntax',
             action='store_true', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.autoedit_syntax',
             help='Turn on auto editing of files with syntax errors.')
         paa('--no-autoedit-syntax',
             action='store_false', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.autoedit_syntax',
             help='Turn off auto editing of files with syntax errors.')
         paa('--banner',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.display_banner',
             help='Display a banner upon starting IPython.')
         paa('--no-banner',
             action='store_false', dest='Global.display_banner',
             help="Don't display a banner upon starting IPython.")
         paa('--cache-size',
             type=int, dest='InteractiveShell.cache_size',
             help=
             """Set the size of the output cache.  The default is 1000, you can
             change it permanently in your config file.  Setting it to 0 completely
             disables the caching system, and the minimum value accepted is 20 (if
             you provide a value less than 20, it is reset to 0 and a warning is
             issued).  This limit is defined because otherwise you'll spend more
             time re-flushing a too small cache than working""",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.cache_size')
         paa('--classic',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.classic',
             help="Gives IPython a similar feel to the classic Python prompt.")
         paa('--colors',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.colors',
             help="Set the color scheme (NoColor, Linux, and LightBG).",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.colors')
         paa('--color-info',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.color_info',
             help=
             """IPython can display information about objects via a set of func-
             tions, and optionally can use colors for this, syntax highlighting
             source code and various other elements.  However, because this
             information is passed through a pager (like 'less') and many pagers get
             confused with color codes, this option is off by default.  You can test
             it and turn it on permanently in your ipython_config.py file if it
             works for you.  Test it and turn it on permanently if it works with
             your system.  The magic function %%color_info allows you to toggle this
             inter- actively for testing.""")
         paa('--no-color-info',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.color_info',
             help="Disable using colors for info related things.")
         paa('--confirm-exit',
             action='store_true', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.confirm_exit',
             help=
             """Set to confirm when you try to exit IPython with an EOF (Control-D
             in Unix, Control-Z/Enter in Windows). By typing 'exit', 'quit' or
             '%%Exit', you can force a direct exit without any confirmation.""")
         paa('--no-confirm-exit',
             action='store_false', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.confirm_exit',
             help="Don't prompt the user when exiting.")
         paa('--deep-reload',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.deep_reload',
             help=
             """Enable deep (recursive) reloading by default. IPython can use the
             deep_reload module which reloads changes in modules recursively (it
             replaces the reload() function, so you don't need to change anything to
             use it). deep_reload() forces a full reload of modules whose code may
             have changed, which the default reload() function does not.  When
             deep_reload is off, IPython will use the normal reload(), but
             deep_reload will still be available as dreload(). This fea- ture is off
             by default [which means that you have both normal reload() and
             dreload()].""")
         paa('--no-deep-reload',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.deep_reload',
             help="Disable deep (recursive) reloading by default.")
         paa('--editor',
             type=str, dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.editor',
             help="Set the editor used by IPython (default to $EDITOR/vi/notepad).",
             metavar='TerminalInteractiveShell.editor')
         paa('--log','-l', 
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.logstart',
             help="Start logging to the default log file (./ipython_log.py).")
         paa('--logfile','-lf',
             type=unicode, dest='InteractiveShell.logfile',
             help="Start logging to logfile with this name.",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.logfile')
         paa('--log-append','-la',
             type=unicode, dest='InteractiveShell.logappend',
             help="Start logging to the given file in append mode.",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.logfile')
         paa('--pdb',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.pdb',
             help="Enable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.")
         paa('--no-pdb',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.pdb',
             help="Disable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.")
         paa('--pprint',
-            action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.pprint',
+            action='store_true', dest='PlainTextFormatter.pprint',
             help="Enable auto pretty printing of results.")
         paa('--no-pprint',
-            action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.pprint',
+            action='store_false', dest='PlainTextFormatter.pprint',
             help="Disable auto auto pretty printing of results.")
         paa('--prompt-in1','-pi1',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_in1',
             help=
             """Set the main input prompt ('In [\#]: ').  Note that if you are using
             numbered prompts, the number is represented with a '\#' in the string.
             Don't forget to quote strings with spaces embedded in them. Most
             bash-like escapes can be used to customize IPython's prompts, as well
             as a few additional ones which are IPython-spe- cific.  All valid
             prompt escapes are described in detail in the Customization section of
             the IPython manual.""",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_in1')
         paa('--prompt-in2','-pi2',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_in2',
             help=
             """Set the secondary input prompt (' .\D.: ').  Similar to the previous
             option, but used for the continuation prompts. The special sequence
             '\D' is similar to '\#', but with all digits replaced by dots (so you
             can have your continuation prompt aligned with your input prompt).
             Default: ' .\D.: ' (note three spaces at the start for alignment with
             'In [\#]')""",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_in2')
         paa('--prompt-out','-po',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_out',
             help="Set the output prompt ('Out[\#]:')",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_out')
         paa('--quick',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.quick',
             help="Enable quick startup with no config files.")
         paa('--readline',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.readline_use',
             help="Enable readline for command line usage.")
         paa('--no-readline',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.readline_use',
             help="Disable readline for command line usage.")
         paa('--screen-length','-sl',
             type=int, dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.screen_length',
             help=
             """Number of lines of your screen, used to control printing of very
             long strings.  Strings longer than this number of lines will be sent
             through a pager instead of directly printed.  The default value for
             this is 0, which means IPython will auto-detect your screen size every
             time it needs to print certain potentially long strings (this doesn't
             change the behavior of the 'print' keyword, it's only triggered
             internally). If for some reason this isn't working well (it needs
             curses support), specify it yourself. Otherwise don't change the
             default.""",
             metavar='TerminalInteractiveShell.screen_length')
         paa('--separate-in','-si',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_in',
             help="Separator before input prompts.  Default '\\n'.",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_in')
         paa('--separate-out','-so',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_out',
             help="Separator before output prompts.  Default 0 (nothing).",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_out')
         paa('--separate-out2','-so2', 
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_out2',
             help="Separator after output prompts.  Default 0 (nonight).",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_out2')
         paa('--no-sep',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.nosep',
             help="Eliminate all spacing between prompts.")
         paa('--term-title',
             action='store_true', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.term_title',
             help="Enable auto setting the terminal title.")
         paa('--no-term-title',
             action='store_false', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.term_title',
             help="Disable auto setting the terminal title.")
         paa('--xmode',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.xmode',
             help=
             """Exception reporting mode ('Plain','Context','Verbose').  Plain:
             similar to python's normal traceback printing.  Context: prints 5 lines
             of context source code around each line in the traceback.  Verbose:
             similar to Context, but additionally prints the variables currently
             visible where the exception happened (shortening their strings if too
             long).  This can potentially be very slow, if you happen to have a huge
             data structure whose string representation is complex to compute.
             Your computer may appear to freeze for a while with cpu usage at 100%%.
             If this occurs, you can cancel the traceback with Ctrl-C (maybe hitting
             it more than once).
             """,
             metavar='InteractiveShell.xmode')
         paa('--ext',
             type=str, dest='Global.extra_extension',
             help="The dotted module name of an IPython extension to load.",
             metavar='Global.extra_extension')
         paa('-c',
             type=str, dest='Global.code_to_run',
             help="Execute the given command string.",
             metavar='Global.code_to_run')
         paa('-i',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.force_interact',
             help=
             "If running code from the command line, become interactive afterwards.")
 
         # Options to start with GUI control enabled from the beginning
         paa('--gui',
             type=str, dest='Global.gui',
             help="Enable GUI event loop integration ('qt', 'wx', 'gtk').",
             metavar='gui-mode')
         paa('--pylab','-pylab',
             type=str, dest='Global.pylab',
             nargs='?', const='auto', metavar='gui-mode',
             help="Pre-load matplotlib and numpy for interactive use. "+
             "If no value is given, the gui backend is matplotlib's, else use "+
             "one of:  ['tk', 'qt', 'wx', 'gtk'].")
 
         # Legacy GUI options.  Leave them in for backwards compatibility, but the
         # 'thread' names are really a misnomer now.
         paa('--wthread', '-wthread',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.wthread',
             help=
             """Enable wxPython event loop integration. (DEPRECATED, use --gui wx)""")
         paa('--q4thread', '--qthread', '-q4thread', '-qthread',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.q4thread',
             help=
             """Enable Qt4 event loop integration. Qt3 is no longer supported.
             (DEPRECATED, use --gui qt)""")
         paa('--gthread', '-gthread',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.gthread',
             help=
             """Enable GTK event loop integration. (DEPRECATED, use --gui gtk)""")
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Crash handler for this application
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 _message_template = """\
 Oops, $self.app_name crashed. We do our best to make it stable, but...
 
 A crash report was automatically generated with the following information:
   - A verbatim copy of the crash traceback.
   - A copy of your input history during this session.
   - Data on your current $self.app_name configuration.
 
 It was left in the file named:
 \t'$self.crash_report_fname'
 If you can email this file to the developers, the information in it will help
 them in understanding and correcting the problem.
 
 You can mail it to: $self.contact_name at $self.contact_email
 with the subject '$self.app_name Crash Report'.
 
 If you want to do it now, the following command will work (under Unix):
 mail -s '$self.app_name Crash Report' $self.contact_email < $self.crash_report_fname
 
 To ensure accurate tracking of this issue, please file a report about it at:
 $self.bug_tracker
 """
 
 class IPAppCrashHandler(CrashHandler):
     """sys.excepthook for IPython itself, leaves a detailed report on disk."""
 
     message_template = _message_template
 
     def __init__(self, app):
         contact_name = release.authors['Fernando'][0]
         contact_email = release.authors['Fernando'][1]
         bug_tracker = 'http://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues'
         super(IPAppCrashHandler,self).__init__(
             app, contact_name, contact_email, bug_tracker
         )
 
     def make_report(self,traceback):
         """Return a string containing a crash report."""
 
         sec_sep = self.section_sep
         # Start with parent report
         report = [super(IPAppCrashHandler, self).make_report(traceback)]
         # Add interactive-specific info we may have
         rpt_add = report.append
         try:
             rpt_add(sec_sep+"History of session input:")
             for line in self.app.shell.user_ns['_ih']:
                 rpt_add(line)
             rpt_add('\n*** Last line of input (may not be in above history):\n')
             rpt_add(self.app.shell._last_input_line+'\n')
         except:
             pass
 
         return ''.join(report)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class IPythonApp(Application):
     name = u'ipython'
     #: argparse formats better the 'usage' than the 'description' field
     description = None
     usage = usage.cl_usage
     command_line_loader = IPAppConfigLoader
     default_config_file_name = default_config_file_name
     crash_handler_class = IPAppCrashHandler
 
     def create_default_config(self):
         super(IPythonApp, self).create_default_config()
         # Eliminate multiple lookups
         Global = self.default_config.Global
 
         # Set all default values
         Global.display_banner = True
         
         # If the -c flag is given or a file is given to run at the cmd line
         # like "ipython foo.py", normally we exit without starting the main
         # loop.  The force_interact config variable allows a user to override
         # this and interact.  It is also set by the -i cmd line flag, just
         # like Python.
         Global.force_interact = False
 
         # By default always interact by starting the IPython mainloop.
         Global.interact = True
 
         # No GUI integration by default
         Global.gui = False
         # Pylab off by default
         Global.pylab = False
 
         # Deprecated versions of gui support that used threading, we support
         # them just for bacwards compatibility as an alternate spelling for
         # '--gui X'
         Global.qthread = False
         Global.q4thread = False
         Global.wthread = False
         Global.gthread = False
 
     def load_file_config(self):
         if hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'quick'):
             if self.command_line_config.Global.quick:
                 self.file_config = Config()
                 return
         super(IPythonApp, self).load_file_config()
 
     def post_load_file_config(self):
         if hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'extra_extension'):
             if not hasattr(self.file_config.Global, 'extensions'):
                 self.file_config.Global.extensions = []
             self.file_config.Global.extensions.append(
                 self.command_line_config.Global.extra_extension)
             del self.command_line_config.Global.extra_extension
 
     def pre_construct(self):
         config = self.master_config
 
         if hasattr(config.Global, 'classic'):
             if config.Global.classic:
                 config.InteractiveShell.cache_size = 0
-                config.InteractiveShell.pprint = 0
+                config.PlainTextFormatter.pprint = 0
                 config.InteractiveShell.prompt_in1 = '>>> '
                 config.InteractiveShell.prompt_in2 = '... '
                 config.InteractiveShell.prompt_out = ''
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_in = \
                     config.InteractiveShell.separate_out = \
                     config.InteractiveShell.separate_out2 = ''
                 config.InteractiveShell.colors = 'NoColor'
                 config.InteractiveShell.xmode = 'Plain'
 
         if hasattr(config.Global, 'nosep'):
             if config.Global.nosep:
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_in = \
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_out = \
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_out2 = ''
 
         # if there is code of files to run from the cmd line, don't interact
         # unless the -i flag (Global.force_interact) is true.
         code_to_run = config.Global.get('code_to_run','')
         file_to_run = False
         if self.extra_args and self.extra_args[0]:
                 file_to_run = True
         if file_to_run or code_to_run:
             if not config.Global.force_interact:
                 config.Global.interact = False
 
     def construct(self):
         # I am a little hesitant to put these into InteractiveShell itself.
         # But that might be the place for them
         sys.path.insert(0, '')
 
         # Create an InteractiveShell instance.
         self.shell = TerminalInteractiveShell.instance(config=self.master_config)
 
     def post_construct(self):
         """Do actions after construct, but before starting the app."""
         config = self.master_config
         
         # shell.display_banner should always be False for the terminal 
         # based app, because we call shell.show_banner() by hand below
         # so the banner shows *before* all extension loading stuff.
         self.shell.display_banner = False
         if config.Global.display_banner and \
             config.Global.interact:
             self.shell.show_banner()
 
         # Make sure there is a space below the banner.
         if self.log_level <= logging.INFO: print
 
         # Now a variety of things that happen after the banner is printed.
         self._enable_gui_pylab()
         self._load_extensions()
         self._run_exec_lines()
         self._run_exec_files()
         self._run_cmd_line_code()
 
     def _enable_gui_pylab(self):
         """Enable GUI event loop integration, taking pylab into account."""
         Global = self.master_config.Global
 
         # Select which gui to use
         if Global.gui:
             gui = Global.gui
         # The following are deprecated, but there's likely to be a lot of use
         # of this form out there, so we might as well support it for now.  But
         # the --gui option above takes precedence.
         elif Global.wthread:
             gui = inputhook.GUI_WX
         elif Global.qthread:
             gui = inputhook.GUI_QT
         elif Global.gthread:
             gui = inputhook.GUI_GTK
         else:
             gui = None
 
         # Using --pylab will also require gui activation, though which toolkit
         # to use may be chosen automatically based on mpl configuration.
         if Global.pylab:
             activate = self.shell.enable_pylab
             if Global.pylab == 'auto':
                 gui = None
             else:
                 gui = Global.pylab
         else:
             # Enable only GUI integration, no pylab
             activate = inputhook.enable_gui
 
         if gui or Global.pylab:
             try:
                 self.log.info("Enabling GUI event loop integration, "
                               "toolkit=%s, pylab=%s" % (gui, Global.pylab) )
                 activate(gui)
             except:
                 self.log.warn("Error in enabling GUI event loop integration:")
                 self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _load_extensions(self):
         """Load all IPython extensions in Global.extensions.
 
         This uses the :meth:`ExtensionManager.load_extensions` to load all
         the extensions listed in ``self.master_config.Global.extensions``.
         """
         try:
             if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'extensions'):
                 self.log.debug("Loading IPython extensions...")
                 extensions = self.master_config.Global.extensions
                 for ext in extensions:
                     try:
                         self.log.info("Loading IPython extension: %s" % ext)                        
                         self.shell.extension_manager.load_extension(ext)
                     except:
                         self.log.warn("Error in loading extension: %s" % ext)
                         self.shell.showtraceback()
         except:
             self.log.warn("Unknown error in loading extensions:")
             self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _run_exec_lines(self):
         """Run lines of code in Global.exec_lines in the user's namespace."""
         try:
             if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'exec_lines'):
                 self.log.debug("Running code from Global.exec_lines...")
                 exec_lines = self.master_config.Global.exec_lines
                 for line in exec_lines:
                     try:
                         self.log.info("Running code in user namespace: %s" %
                                       line)
                         self.shell.run_cell(line)
                     except:
                         self.log.warn("Error in executing line in user "
                                       "namespace: %s" % line)
                         self.shell.showtraceback()
         except:
             self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling Global.exec_lines:")
             self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _exec_file(self, fname):
         full_filename = filefind(fname, [u'.', self.ipython_dir])
         if os.path.isfile(full_filename):
             if full_filename.endswith(u'.py'):
                 self.log.info("Running file in user namespace: %s" %
                               full_filename)
                 # Ensure that __file__ is always defined to match Python behavior
                 self.shell.user_ns['__file__'] = fname
                 try:
                     self.shell.safe_execfile(full_filename, self.shell.user_ns)
                 finally:
                     del self.shell.user_ns['__file__']
             elif full_filename.endswith('.ipy'):
                 self.log.info("Running file in user namespace: %s" %
                               full_filename)
                 self.shell.safe_execfile_ipy(full_filename)
             else:
                 self.log.warn("File does not have a .py or .ipy extension: <%s>"
                                % full_filename)
     def _run_exec_files(self):
         try:
             if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'exec_files'):
                 self.log.debug("Running files in Global.exec_files...")
                 exec_files = self.master_config.Global.exec_files
                 for fname in exec_files:
                     self._exec_file(fname)
         except:
             self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling Global.exec_files:")
             self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _run_cmd_line_code(self):
         if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'code_to_run'):
             line = self.master_config.Global.code_to_run
             try:
                 self.log.info("Running code given at command line (-c): %s" %
                               line)
                 self.shell.run_cell(line)
             except:
                 self.log.warn("Error in executing line in user namespace: %s" %
                               line)
                 self.shell.showtraceback()
             return
         # Like Python itself, ignore the second if the first of these is present
         try:
             fname = self.extra_args[0]
         except:
             pass
         else:
             try:
                 self._exec_file(fname)
             except:
                 self.log.warn("Error in executing file in user namespace: %s" %
                               fname)
                 self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def start_app(self):
         if self.master_config.Global.interact:
             self.log.debug("Starting IPython's mainloop...")
             self.shell.mainloop()
         else:
             self.log.debug("IPython not interactive, start_app is no-op...")
 
 
 def load_default_config(ipython_dir=None):
     """Load the default config file from the default ipython_dir.
 
     This is useful for embedded shells.
     """
     if ipython_dir is None:
         ipython_dir = get_ipython_dir()
     cl = PyFileConfigLoader(default_config_file_name, ipython_dir)
     config = cl.load_config()
     return config
 
 
 def launch_new_instance():
     """Create and run a full blown IPython instance"""
     app = IPythonApp()
     app.start()
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     launch_new_instance()

IPython/lib/pylabtools.py

@@ -1,208 +1,251 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Pylab (matplotlib) support utilities.
 
 Authors
 -------
 
 * Fernando Perez.
 * Brian Granger
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+from cStringIO import StringIO
+
 from IPython.utils.decorators import flag_calls
 
 # If user specifies a GUI, that dictates the backend, otherwise we read the
 # user's mpl default from the mpl rc structure
 backends = {'tk': 'TkAgg',
             'gtk': 'GTKAgg',
             'wx': 'WXAgg',
             'qt': 'Qt4Agg', # qt3 not supported
             'qt4': 'Qt4Agg',
             'inline' : 'module://IPython.zmq.pylab.backend_inline'}
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Main classes and functions
+# Matplotlib utilities
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def figsize(sizex, sizey):
+    """Set the default figure size to be [sizex, sizey].
+
+    This is just an easy to remember, convenience wrapper that sets::
+
+      matplotlib.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = [sizex, sizey]
+    """
+    import matplotlib
+    matplotlib.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = [sizex, sizey]
+
+
+def figure_to_svg(fig):
+    """Convert a figure to svg for inline display."""
+    fc = fig.get_facecolor()
+    ec = fig.get_edgecolor()
+    fig.set_facecolor('white')
+    fig.set_edgecolor('white')
+    try:
+        string_io = StringIO()
+        fig.canvas.print_figure(string_io, format='svg')
+        svg = string_io.getvalue()
+    finally:
+        fig.set_facecolor(fc)
+        fig.set_edgecolor(ec)
+    return svg
+
+
+# We need a little factory function here to create the closure where
+# safe_execfile can live.
+def mpl_runner(safe_execfile):
+    """Factory to return a matplotlib-enabled runner for %run.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    safe_execfile : function
+      This must be a function with the same interface as the
+      :meth:`safe_execfile` method of IPython.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A function suitable for use as the ``runner`` argument of the %run magic
+    function.
+    """
+    
+    def mpl_execfile(fname,*where,**kw):
+        """matplotlib-aware wrapper around safe_execfile.
+
+        Its interface is identical to that of the :func:`execfile` builtin.
+
+        This is ultimately a call to execfile(), but wrapped in safeties to
+        properly handle interactive rendering."""
+
+        import matplotlib
+        import matplotlib.pylab as pylab
+
+        #print '*** Matplotlib runner ***' # dbg
+        # turn off rendering until end of script
+        is_interactive = matplotlib.rcParams['interactive']
+        matplotlib.interactive(False)
+        safe_execfile(fname,*where,**kw)
+        matplotlib.interactive(is_interactive)
+        # make rendering call now, if the user tried to do it
+        if pylab.draw_if_interactive.called:
+            pylab.draw()
+            pylab.draw_if_interactive.called = False
+
+    return mpl_execfile
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Code for initializing matplotlib and importing pylab
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 def find_gui_and_backend(gui=None):
     """Given a gui string return the gui and mpl backend.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     gui : str
         Can be one of ('tk','gtk','wx','qt','qt4','inline').
 
     Returns
     -------
     A tuple of (gui, backend) where backend is one of ('TkAgg','GTKAgg',
     'WXAgg','Qt4Agg','module://IPython.zmq.pylab.backend_inline').
     """
 
     import matplotlib
 
     if gui:
         # select backend based on requested gui
         backend = backends[gui]
     else:
         backend = matplotlib.rcParams['backend']
         # In this case, we need to find what the appropriate gui selection call
         # should be for IPython, so we can activate inputhook accordingly
         g2b = backends  # maps gui names to mpl backend names
         b2g = dict(zip(g2b.values(), g2b.keys()))  # reverse dict
         gui = b2g.get(backend, None)
     return gui, backend
 
 
 def activate_matplotlib(backend):
     """Activate the given backend and set interactive to True."""
 
     import matplotlib
     if backend.startswith('module://'):
         # Work around bug in matplotlib: matplotlib.use converts the
         # backend_id to lowercase even if a module name is specified!
         matplotlib.rcParams['backend'] = backend
     else:
         matplotlib.use(backend)
     matplotlib.interactive(True)
 
     # This must be imported last in the matplotlib series, after
     # backend/interactivity choices have been made
     import matplotlib.pylab as pylab
 
     # XXX For now leave this commented out, but depending on discussions with
     # mpl-dev, we may be able to allow interactive switching...
     #import matplotlib.pyplot
     #matplotlib.pyplot.switch_backend(backend)
 
     pylab.show._needmain = False
     # We need to detect at runtime whether show() is called by the user.
     # For this, we wrap it into a decorator which adds a 'called' flag.
     pylab.draw_if_interactive = flag_calls(pylab.draw_if_interactive)
 
 
 def import_pylab(user_ns, backend, import_all=True, shell=None):
     """Import the standard pylab symbols into user_ns."""
 
     # Import numpy as np/pyplot as plt are conventions we're trying to
     # somewhat standardize on.  Making them available to users by default
     # will greatly help this.
     s = ("import numpy\n"
           "import matplotlib\n"
           "from matplotlib import pylab, mlab, pyplot\n"
           "np = numpy\n"
           "plt = pyplot\n"
           )
     exec s in user_ns
 
     if shell is not None:
         exec s in shell.user_ns_hidden
         # If using our svg payload backend, register the post-execution
         # function that will pick up the results for display.  This can only be
         # done with access to the real shell object.
         if backend == backends['inline']:
-            from IPython.zmq.pylab.backend_inline import flush_svg, figsize
+            from IPython.zmq.pylab.backend_inline import flush_svg
             from matplotlib import pyplot
             shell.register_post_execute(flush_svg)
             # The typical default figure size is too large for inline use.  We
             # might make this a user-configurable parameter later.
             figsize(6.0, 4.0)
             # Add 'figsize' to pyplot and to the user's namespace
             user_ns['figsize'] = pyplot.figsize = figsize
             shell.user_ns_hidden['figsize'] = figsize
-        else:
-            from IPython.zmq.pylab.backend_inline import pastefig
-            from matplotlib import pyplot
-            # Add 'paste' to pyplot and to the user's namespace
-            user_ns['pastefig'] = pyplot.pastefig = pastefig
+        
+        # The old pastefig function has been replaced by display
+        # Always add this svg formatter so display works.
+        from IPython.zmq.pylab.backend_inline import figure_to_svg
+        from IPython.core.display import display, display_svg
+        svg_formatter = shell.display_formatter.formatters['image/svg+xml']
+        svg_formatter.for_type_by_name(
+            'matplotlib.figure','Figure',figure_to_svg
+        )
+        # Add display and display_png to the user's namespace
+        user_ns['display'] = display
+        shell.user_ns_hidden['display'] = display
+        user_ns['display_svg'] = display_svg
+        shell.user_ns_hidden['display_svg'] = display_svg
 
     if import_all:
         s = ("from matplotlib.pylab import *\n"
              "from numpy import *\n")
         exec s in user_ns
         if shell is not None:
             exec s in shell.user_ns_hidden
 
 
 def pylab_activate(user_ns, gui=None, import_all=True):
     """Activate pylab mode in the user's namespace.
 
     Loads and initializes numpy, matplotlib and friends for interactive use.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     user_ns : dict
       Namespace where the imports will occur.
 
     gui : optional, string
       A valid gui name following the conventions of the %gui magic.
 
     import_all : optional, boolean
       If true, an 'import *' is done from numpy and pylab.
 
     Returns
     -------
     The actual gui used (if not given as input, it was obtained from matplotlib
     itself, and will be needed next to configure IPython's gui integration.
     """
     gui, backend = find_gui_and_backend(gui)
     activate_matplotlib(backend)
     import_pylab(user_ns, backend)
 
     print """
 Welcome to pylab, a matplotlib-based Python environment [backend: %s].
 For more information, type 'help(pylab)'.""" % backend
     
     return gui
 
-# We need a little factory function here to create the closure where
-# safe_execfile can live.
-def mpl_runner(safe_execfile):
-    """Factory to return a matplotlib-enabled runner for %run.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    safe_execfile : function
-      This must be a function with the same interface as the
-      :meth:`safe_execfile` method of IPython.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    A function suitable for use as the ``runner`` argument of the %run magic
-    function.
-    """
-    
-    def mpl_execfile(fname,*where,**kw):
-        """matplotlib-aware wrapper around safe_execfile.
-
-        Its interface is identical to that of the :func:`execfile` builtin.
-
-        This is ultimately a call to execfile(), but wrapped in safeties to
-        properly handle interactive rendering."""
-
-        import matplotlib
-        import matplotlib.pylab as pylab
-
-        #print '*** Matplotlib runner ***' # dbg
-        # turn off rendering until end of script
-        is_interactive = matplotlib.rcParams['interactive']
-        matplotlib.interactive(False)
-        safe_execfile(fname,*where,**kw)
-        matplotlib.interactive(is_interactive)
-        # make rendering call now, if the user tried to do it
-        if pylab.draw_if_interactive.called:
-            pylab.draw()
-            pylab.draw_if_interactive.called = False
-
-    return mpl_execfile
-

IPython/utils/generics.py

@@ -1,58 +1,49 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """Generic functions for extending IPython.
 
 See http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/simplegeneric.
-
-Here is an example from IPython.utils.text::
-
-    def print_lsstring(arg):
-        "Prettier (non-repr-like) and more informative printer for LSString"
-        print "LSString (.p, .n, .l, .s available). Value:"
-        print arg
-        
-    print_lsstring = result_display.when_type(LSString)(print_lsstring)
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext
 from IPython.external.simplegeneric import generic
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 @generic
 def inspect_object(obj):
     """Called when you do obj?"""
     raise TryNext
 
 
 @generic
 def complete_object(obj, prev_completions):
     """Custom completer dispatching for python objects.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     obj : object
         The object to complete.
     prev_completions : list
         List of attributes discovered so far.
 
     This should return the list of attributes in obj. If you only wish to
     add to the attributes already discovered normally, return 
     own_attrs + prev_completions.
     """
     raise TryNext
 
 

IPython/utils/ipstruct.py

@@ -1,398 +1,396 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """A dict subclass that supports attribute style access.
 
 Authors:  
 
 * Fernando Perez (original)
 * Brian Granger (refactoring to a dict subclass)
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from IPython.utils.data import list2dict2
 
 __all__ = ['Struct']
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class Struct(dict):
     """A dict subclass with attribute style access.
 
     This dict subclass has a a few extra features:
 
     * Attribute style access.
     * Protection of class members (like keys, items) when using attribute
       style access.
     * The ability to restrict assignment to only existing keys.
     * Intelligent merging.
     * Overloaded operators.
     """
     _allownew = True
     def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
         """Initialize with a dictionary, another Struct, or data.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         args : dict, Struct
             Initialize with one dict or Struct
         kw : dict
             Initialize with key, value pairs.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s.a
         10
         >>> s.b
         30
         >>> s2 = Struct(s,c=30)
         >>> s2.keys()
         ['a', 'c', 'b']
         """
         object.__setattr__(self, '_allownew', True)
         dict.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
 
     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
         """Set an item with check for allownew.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         >>> s = Struct()
         >>> s['a'] = 10
         >>> s.allow_new_attr(False)
         >>> s['a'] = 10
         >>> s['a']
         10
         >>> try:
         ...     s['b'] = 20
         ... except KeyError:
         ...     print 'this is not allowed'
         ...     
         this is not allowed
         """
         if not self._allownew and not self.has_key(key):
             raise KeyError(
                 "can't create new attribute %s when allow_new_attr(False)" % key)
         dict.__setitem__(self, key, value)
 
     def __setattr__(self, key, value):
         """Set an attr with protection of class members.
 
         This calls :meth:`self.__setitem__` but convert :exc:`KeyError` to 
         :exc:`AttributeError`.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         >>> s = Struct()
         >>> s.a = 10
         >>> s.a
         10
         >>> try:
         ...     s.get = 10
         ... except AttributeError:
         ...     print "you can't set a class member"
         ...     
         you can't set a class member
         """
         # If key is an str it might be a class member or instance var
         if isinstance(key, str):
             # I can't simply call hasattr here because it calls getattr, which
             # calls self.__getattr__, which returns True for keys in 
             # self._data.  But I only want keys in the class and in
             # self.__dict__
             if key in self.__dict__ or hasattr(Struct, key):
                 raise AttributeError(
                     'attr %s is a protected member of class Struct.' % key
                 )
         try:
             self.__setitem__(key, value)
         except KeyError, e:
             raise AttributeError(e)
 
     def __getattr__(self, key):
         """Get an attr by calling :meth:`dict.__getitem__`.
 
         Like :meth:`__setattr__`, this method converts :exc:`KeyError` to 
         :exc:`AttributeError`.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         >>> s = Struct(a=10)
         >>> s.a
         10
         >>> type(s.get)
         <type 'builtin_function_or_method'>
         >>> try:
         ...     s.b
         ... except AttributeError:
         ...     print "I don't have that key"
         ...     
         I don't have that key
         """
         try:
             result = self[key]
         except KeyError:
             raise AttributeError(key)
         else:
             return result
 
     def __iadd__(self, other):
         """s += s2 is a shorthand for s.merge(s2).
         
         Examples
         --------
         
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,c=40)
         >>> s += s2
         >>> s
         {'a': 10, 'c': 40, 'b': 30}
         """
         self.merge(other)
         return self
 
     def __add__(self,other):
         """s + s2 -> New Struct made from s.merge(s2).
         
         Examples
         --------
         
         >>> s1 = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,c=40)
         >>> s = s1 + s2
         >>> s
         {'a': 10, 'c': 40, 'b': 30}
         """
         sout = self.copy()
         sout.merge(other)
         return sout
 
     def __sub__(self,other):
         """s1 - s2 -> remove keys in s2 from s1.
         
         Examples
         --------
         
         >>> s1 = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=40)
         >>> s = s1 - s2
         >>> s
         {'b': 30}
         """
         sout = self.copy()
         sout -= other
         return sout
 
     def __isub__(self,other):
         """Inplace remove keys from self that are in other.
         
         Examples
         --------
         
         >>> s1 = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=40)
         >>> s1 -= s2
         >>> s1
         {'b': 30}
         """
         for k in other.keys():
             if self.has_key(k):
                 del self[k]
         return self
 
     def __dict_invert(self, data):
         """Helper function for merge. 
 
         Takes a dictionary whose values are lists and returns a dict with 
         the elements of each list as keys and the original keys as values.
         """
         outdict = {}
         for k,lst in data.items():
             if isinstance(lst, str):
                 lst = lst.split()
             for entry in lst:
                 outdict[entry] = k
         return outdict
 
     def dict(self):
         return self
 
     def copy(self):
         """Return a copy as a Struct.
         
         Examples
         --------
         
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = s.copy()
         >>> s2
         {'a': 10, 'b': 30}
         >>> type(s2).__name__
         'Struct'
         """
         return Struct(dict.copy(self))
 
     def hasattr(self, key):
         """hasattr function available as a method.
 
         Implemented like has_key.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         >>> s = Struct(a=10)
         >>> s.hasattr('a')
         True
         >>> s.hasattr('b')
         False
         >>> s.hasattr('get')
         False
         """
         return self.has_key(key)
 
     def allow_new_attr(self, allow = True):
         """Set whether new attributes can be created in this Struct.
 
         This can be used to catch typos by verifying that the attribute user
         tries to change already exists in this Struct.
         """
         object.__setattr__(self, '_allownew', allow)
 
     def merge(self, __loc_data__=None, __conflict_solve=None, **kw):
         """Merge two Structs with customizable conflict resolution.
 
         This is similar to :meth:`update`, but much more flexible. First, a
         dict is made from data+key=value pairs. When merging this dict with
         the Struct S, the optional dictionary 'conflict' is used to decide
         what to do.
 
         If conflict is not given, the default behavior is to preserve any keys
         with their current value (the opposite of the :meth:`update` method's
         behavior).
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         __loc_data : dict, Struct
             The data to merge into self
         __conflict_solve : dict
             The conflict policy dict.  The keys are binary functions used to
             resolve the conflict and the values are lists of strings naming
             the keys the conflict resolution function applies to.  Instead of
             a list of strings a space separated string can be used, like
             'a b c'.
         kw : dict
             Additional key, value pairs to merge in
 
         Notes
         -----
 
         The `__conflict_solve` dict is a dictionary of binary functions which will be used to
         solve key conflicts.  Here is an example::
         
             __conflict_solve = dict(
                 func1=['a','b','c'],
                 func2=['d','e']
             )
         
         In this case, the function :func:`func1` will be used to resolve
         keys 'a', 'b' and 'c' and the function :func:`func2` will be used for 
         keys 'd' and 'e'.  This could also be written as::
 
             __conflict_solve = dict(func1='a b c',func2='d e')
 
         These functions will be called for each key they apply to with the
         form::
 
             func1(self['a'], other['a'])
 
         The return value is used as the final merged value.
 
         As a convenience, merge() provides five (the most commonly needed)
         pre-defined policies: preserve, update, add, add_flip and add_s. The
         easiest explanation is their implementation::
 
             preserve = lambda old,new: old
             update   = lambda old,new: new
             add      = lambda old,new: old + new
             add_flip = lambda old,new: new + old  # note change of order!
             add_s    = lambda old,new: old + ' ' + new  # only for str!
 
         You can use those four words (as strings) as keys instead
         of defining them as functions, and the merge method will substitute
         the appropriate functions for you.
 
         For more complicated conflict resolution policies, you still need to
         construct your own functions.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         This show the default policy:
         
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,c=40)
         >>> s.merge(s2)
         >>> s
         {'a': 10, 'c': 40, 'b': 30}
         
         Now, show how to specify a conflict dict:
         
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,b=40)
         >>> conflict = {'update':'a','add':'b'}
         >>> s.merge(s2,conflict)
         >>> s
         {'a': 20, 'b': 70}
         """
 
         data_dict = dict(__loc_data__,**kw)
 
         # policies for conflict resolution: two argument functions which return
         # the value that will go in the new struct
         preserve = lambda old,new: old
         update   = lambda old,new: new
         add      = lambda old,new: old + new
         add_flip = lambda old,new: new + old  # note change of order!
         add_s    = lambda old,new: old + ' ' + new
 
         # default policy is to keep current keys when there's a conflict
         conflict_solve = list2dict2(self.keys(), default = preserve)
 
         # the conflict_solve dictionary is given by the user 'inverted': we
         # need a name-function mapping, it comes as a function -> names
         # dict. Make a local copy (b/c we'll make changes), replace user
         # strings for the three builtin policies and invert it.
         if __conflict_solve:
             inv_conflict_solve_user = __conflict_solve.copy()
             for name, func in [('preserve',preserve), ('update',update),
                                ('add',add), ('add_flip',add_flip),
                                ('add_s',add_s)]:
                 if name in inv_conflict_solve_user.keys():
                     inv_conflict_solve_user[func] = inv_conflict_solve_user[name]
                     del inv_conflict_solve_user[name]
             conflict_solve.update(self.__dict_invert(inv_conflict_solve_user))
-        #print 'merge. conflict_solve: '; pprint(conflict_solve) # dbg
-        #print '*'*50,'in merger. conflict_solver:';  pprint(conflict_solve)
         for key in data_dict:
             if key not in self:
                 self[key] = data_dict[key]
             else:
                 self[key] = conflict_solve[key](self[key],data_dict[key])
 

IPython/zmq/pylab/backend_inline.py

@@ -1,123 +1,73 b''
 """Produce SVG versions of active plots for display by the rich Qt frontend.
 """
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import print_function
 
 # Standard library imports
-from cStringIO import StringIO
 
-# System library imports.
 import matplotlib
 from matplotlib.backends.backend_svg import new_figure_manager
 from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
 
 # Local imports.
 from IPython.core.displaypub import publish_display_data
+from IPython.lib.pylabtools import figure_to_svg
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-def show(close=True):
+def show(close=False):
     """Show all figures as SVG payloads sent to the IPython clients.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     close : bool, optional
       If true, a ``plt.close('all')`` call is automatically issued after
-      sending all the SVG figures.
+      sending all the SVG figures. If this is set, the figures will entirely
+      removed from the internal list of figures.
     """
     for figure_manager in Gcf.get_all_fig_managers():
-        send_svg_canvas(figure_manager.canvas)
+        send_svg_figure(figure_manager.canvas.figure)
     if close:
         matplotlib.pyplot.close('all')
 
+
 # This flag will be reset by draw_if_interactive when called
 show._draw_called = False
 
 
-def figsize(sizex, sizey):
-    """Set the default figure size to be [sizex, sizey].
-
-    This is just an easy to remember, convenience wrapper that sets::
-
-      matplotlib.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = [sizex, sizey]
-    """
-    matplotlib.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = [sizex, sizey]
-    
-
-def pastefig(*figs):
-    """Paste one or more figures into the console workspace.
-
-    If no arguments are given, all available figures are pasted.  If the
-    argument list contains references to invalid figures, a warning is printed
-    but the function continues pasting further figures.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    figs : tuple
-      A tuple that can contain any mixture of integers and figure objects.
-    """
-    if not figs:
-        show(close=False)
-    else:
-        fig_managers = Gcf.get_all_fig_managers()
-        fig_index = dict( [(fm.canvas.figure, fm.canvas) for fm in fig_managers]
-           + [ (fm.canvas.figure.number, fm.canvas) for fm in fig_managers] )
-
-        for fig in figs:
-            canvas = fig_index.get(fig)
-            if canvas is None:
-                print('Warning: figure %s not available.' % fig)
-            else:
-                send_svg_canvas(canvas)
-
-
-def send_svg_canvas(canvas):
-    """Draw the current canvas and send it as an SVG payload.
-    """
-    # Set the background to white instead so it looks good on black.  We store
-    # the current values to restore them at the end.
-    fc = canvas.figure.get_facecolor()
-    ec = canvas.figure.get_edgecolor()
-    canvas.figure.set_facecolor('white')
-    canvas.figure.set_edgecolor('white')
-    try:
-        publish_display_data(
-            'IPython.zmq.pylab.backend_inline.send_svg_canvas',
-            'Matplotlib Plot',
-            {'image/svg+xml' : svg_from_canvas(canvas)}
-        )
-    finally:
-        canvas.figure.set_facecolor(fc)
-        canvas.figure.set_edgecolor(ec)
-
-
-def svg_from_canvas(canvas):
-    """ Return a string containing the SVG representation of a FigureCanvasSvg.
-    """
-    string_io = StringIO()
-    canvas.print_figure(string_io, format='svg')
-    return string_io.getvalue()
-
-
 def draw_if_interactive():
     """
     Is called after every pylab drawing command
     """
     # We simply flag we were called and otherwise do nothing.  At the end of
     # the code execution, a separate call to show_close() will act upon this.
     show._draw_called = True
 
 
 def flush_svg():
     """Call show, close all open figures, sending all SVG images.
 
     This is meant to be called automatically and will call show() if, during
     prior code execution, there had been any calls to draw_if_interactive.
     """
     if show._draw_called:
-        show(close=True)
+        # Show is called with the default close=False here, otherwise, the
+        # Figure will be closed and not available for future plotting.
+        show()
         show._draw_called = False
+
+
+def send_svg_figure(fig):
+    """Draw the current figure and send it as an SVG payload.
+    """
+    svg = figure_to_svg(fig)
+    publish_display_data(
+        'IPython.zmq.pylab.backend_inline.send_svg_figure',
+        'Matplotlib Plot',
+        {'image/svg+xml' : svg}
+    )
+

IPython/zmq/zmqshell.py

@@ -1,605 +1,610 b''
 """A ZMQ-based subclass of InteractiveShell.
 
 This code is meant to ease the refactoring of the base InteractiveShell into
 something with a cleaner architecture for 2-process use, without actually
 breaking InteractiveShell itself.  So we're doing something a bit ugly, where
 we subclass and override what we want to fix.  Once this is working well, we
 can go back to the base class and refactor the code for a cleaner inheritance
 implementation that doesn't rely on so much monkeypatching.
 
 But this lets us maintain a fully working IPython as we develop the new
 machinery.  This should thus be thought of as scaffolding.
 """
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import print_function
 
 # Stdlib
 import inspect
 import os
 import re
 
 # Our own
 from IPython.core.interactiveshell import (
     InteractiveShell, InteractiveShellABC
 )
 from IPython.core import page
 from IPython.core.displayhook import DisplayHook
 from IPython.core.displaypub import DisplayPublisher
 from IPython.core.macro import Macro
 from IPython.core.payloadpage import install_payload_page
 from IPython.utils import io
 from IPython.utils.path import get_py_filename
 from IPython.utils.text import StringTypes
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import Instance, Type, Dict
 from IPython.utils.warn import warn
 from IPython.zmq.session import extract_header
 from session import Session
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals and side-effects
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Install the payload version of page.
 install_payload_page()
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Functions and classes
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class ZMQDisplayHook(DisplayHook):
     """A displayhook subclass that publishes data using ZeroMQ."""
 
     session = Instance(Session)
     pub_socket = Instance('zmq.Socket')
     parent_header = Dict({})
 
     def set_parent(self, parent):
         """Set the parent for outbound messages."""
         self.parent_header = extract_header(parent)
 
     def start_displayhook(self):
         self.msg = self.session.msg(u'pyout', {}, parent=self.parent_header)
 
     def write_output_prompt(self):
         """Write the output prompt."""
         if self.do_full_cache:
             self.msg['content']['execution_count'] = self.prompt_count
 
     def write_format_data(self, format_dict):
         self.msg['content']['data'] = format_dict
 
     def finish_displayhook(self):
         """Finish up all displayhook activities."""
         self.session.send(self.pub_socket, self.msg)
         self.msg = None
 
 
 class ZMQDisplayPublisher(DisplayPublisher):
     """A display publisher that publishes data using a ZeroMQ PUB socket."""
 
     session = Instance(Session)
     pub_socket = Instance('zmq.Socket')
     parent_header = Dict({})
 
     def set_parent(self, parent):
         """Set the parent for outbound messages."""
         self.parent_header = extract_header(parent)
 
     def publish(self, source, data, metadata=None):
         if metadata is None:
             metadata = {}
         self._validate_data(source, data, metadata)
         msg = self.session.msg(u'display_data', {}, parent=self.parent_header)
         msg['content']['source'] = source
         msg['content']['data'] = data
         msg['content']['metadata'] = metadata
         self.pub_socket.send_json(msg)
 
 
 class ZMQInteractiveShell(InteractiveShell):
     """A subclass of InteractiveShell for ZMQ."""
 
     displayhook_class = Type(ZMQDisplayHook)
     display_pub_class = Type(ZMQDisplayPublisher)
 
     keepkernel_on_exit = None
 
     def init_environment(self):
         """Configure the user's environment.
 
         """
         env = os.environ
         # These two ensure 'ls' produces nice coloring on BSD-derived systems
         env['TERM'] = 'xterm-color'
         env['CLICOLOR'] = '1'
         # Since normal pagers don't work at all (over pexpect we don't have
         # single-key control of the subprocess), try to disable paging in
         # subprocesses as much as possible.
         env['PAGER'] = 'cat'
         env['GIT_PAGER'] = 'cat'
 
     def auto_rewrite_input(self, cmd):
         """Called to show the auto-rewritten input for autocall and friends.
 
         FIXME: this payload is currently not correctly processed by the
         frontend.
         """
         new = self.displayhook.prompt1.auto_rewrite() + cmd
         payload = dict(
             source='IPython.zmq.zmqshell.ZMQInteractiveShell.auto_rewrite_input',
             transformed_input=new,
             )
         self.payload_manager.write_payload(payload)
         
     def ask_exit(self):
         """Engage the exit actions."""
         payload = dict(
             source='IPython.zmq.zmqshell.ZMQInteractiveShell.ask_exit',
             exit=True,
             keepkernel=self.keepkernel_on_exit,
             )
         self.payload_manager.write_payload(payload)
 
     def _showtraceback(self, etype, evalue, stb):
 
         exc_content = {
             u'traceback' : stb,
             u'ename' : unicode(etype.__name__),
             u'evalue' : unicode(evalue)
         }
 
         dh = self.displayhook
         # Send exception info over pub socket for other clients than the caller
         # to pick up
         exc_msg = dh.session.send(dh.pub_socket, u'pyerr', exc_content, dh.parent_header)
 
         # FIXME - Hack: store exception info in shell object.  Right now, the
         # caller is reading this info after the fact, we need to fix this logic
         # to remove this hack.  Even uglier, we need to store the error status
         # here, because in the main loop, the logic that sets it is being
         # skipped because runlines swallows the exceptions.
         exc_content[u'status'] = u'error'
         self._reply_content = exc_content
         # /FIXME
         
         return exc_content
 
     #------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Magic overrides
     #------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Once the base class stops inheriting from magic, this code needs to be
     # moved into a separate machinery as well.  For now, at least isolate here
     # the magics which this class needs to implement differently from the base
     # class, or that are unique to it.
 
     def magic_doctest_mode(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Toggle doctest mode on and off.
 
         This mode is intended to make IPython behave as much as possible like a
         plain Python shell, from the perspective of how its prompts, exceptions
         and output look.  This makes it easy to copy and paste parts of a
         session into doctests.  It does so by:
 
         - Changing the prompts to the classic ``>>>`` ones.
         - Changing the exception reporting mode to 'Plain'.
         - Disabling pretty-printing of output.
 
         Note that IPython also supports the pasting of code snippets that have
         leading '>>>' and '...' prompts in them.  This means that you can paste
         doctests from files or docstrings (even if they have leading
         whitespace), and the code will execute correctly.  You can then use
         '%history -t' to see the translated history; this will give you the
         input after removal of all the leading prompts and whitespace, which
         can be pasted back into an editor.
 
         With these features, you can switch into this mode easily whenever you
         need to do testing and changes to doctests, without having to leave
         your existing IPython session.
         """
 
         from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 
         # Shorthands
         shell = self.shell
+        disp_formatter = self.shell.display_formatter
+        ptformatter = disp_formatter.formatters['text/plain']
         # dstore is a data store kept in the instance metadata bag to track any
         # changes we make, so we can undo them later.
         dstore = shell.meta.setdefault('doctest_mode', Struct())
         save_dstore = dstore.setdefault
 
         # save a few values we'll need to recover later
         mode = save_dstore('mode', False)
-        save_dstore('rc_pprint', shell.pprint)
+        save_dstore('rc_pprint', ptformatter.pprint)
+        save_dstore('rc_plain_text_only',disp_formatter.plain_text_only)
         save_dstore('xmode', shell.InteractiveTB.mode)
         
         if mode == False:
             # turn on
-            shell.pprint = False
+            ptformatter.pprint = False
+            disp_formatter.plain_text_only = True
             shell.magic_xmode('Plain')
         else:
             # turn off
-            shell.pprint = dstore.rc_pprint
+            ptformatter.pprint = dstore.rc_pprint
+            disp_formatter.plain_text_only = dstore.rc_plain_text_only
             shell.magic_xmode(dstore.xmode)
 
         # Store new mode and inform on console
         dstore.mode = bool(1-int(mode))
         mode_label = ['OFF','ON'][dstore.mode]
         print('Doctest mode is:', mode_label)
         
         # Send the payload back so that clients can modify their prompt display
         payload = dict(
             source='IPython.zmq.zmqshell.ZMQInteractiveShell.magic_doctest_mode',
             mode=dstore.mode)
         self.payload_manager.write_payload(payload)
 
     def magic_edit(self,parameter_s='',last_call=['','']):
         """Bring up an editor and execute the resulting code.
 
         Usage:
           %edit [options] [args]
 
         %edit runs IPython's editor hook.  The default version of this hook is
         set to call the __IPYTHON__.rc.editor command.  This is read from your
         environment variable $EDITOR.  If this isn't found, it will default to
         vi under Linux/Unix and to notepad under Windows.  See the end of this
         docstring for how to change the editor hook.
 
         You can also set the value of this editor via the command line option
         '-editor' or in your ipythonrc file. This is useful if you wish to use
         specifically for IPython an editor different from your typical default
         (and for Windows users who typically don't set environment variables).
 
         This command allows you to conveniently edit multi-line code right in
         your IPython session.
         
         If called without arguments, %edit opens up an empty editor with a
         temporary file and will execute the contents of this file when you
         close it (don't forget to save it!).
 
 
         Options:
 
         -n <number>: open the editor at a specified line number.  By default,
         the IPython editor hook uses the unix syntax 'editor +N filename', but
         you can configure this by providing your own modified hook if your
         favorite editor supports line-number specifications with a different
         syntax.
         
         -p: this will call the editor with the same data as the previous time
         it was used, regardless of how long ago (in your current session) it
         was.
 
         -r: use 'raw' input.  This option only applies to input taken from the
         user's history.  By default, the 'processed' history is used, so that
         magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid Python.  If
         this option is given, the raw input as typed as the command line is
         used instead.  When you exit the editor, it will be executed by
         IPython's own processor.
         
         -x: do not execute the edited code immediately upon exit. This is
         mainly useful if you are editing programs which need to be called with
         command line arguments, which you can then do using %run.
 
 
         Arguments:
 
         If arguments are given, the following possibilites exist:
 
         - The arguments are numbers or pairs of colon-separated numbers (like
         1 4:8 9). These are interpreted as lines of previous input to be
         loaded into the editor. The syntax is the same of the %macro command.
 
         - If the argument doesn't start with a number, it is evaluated as a
         variable and its contents loaded into the editor. You can thus edit
         any string which contains python code (including the result of
         previous edits).
 
         - If the argument is the name of an object (other than a string),
         IPython will try to locate the file where it was defined and open the
         editor at the point where it is defined. You can use `%edit function`
         to load an editor exactly at the point where 'function' is defined,
         edit it and have the file be executed automatically.
 
         If the object is a macro (see %macro for details), this opens up your
         specified editor with a temporary file containing the macro's data.
         Upon exit, the macro is reloaded with the contents of the file.
 
         Note: opening at an exact line is only supported under Unix, and some
         editors (like kedit and gedit up to Gnome 2.8) do not understand the
         '+NUMBER' parameter necessary for this feature. Good editors like
         (X)Emacs, vi, jed, pico and joe all do.
 
         - If the argument is not found as a variable, IPython will look for a
         file with that name (adding .py if necessary) and load it into the
         editor. It will execute its contents with execfile() when you exit,
         loading any code in the file into your interactive namespace.
 
         After executing your code, %edit will return as output the code you
         typed in the editor (except when it was an existing file). This way
         you can reload the code in further invocations of %edit as a variable,
         via _<NUMBER> or Out[<NUMBER>], where <NUMBER> is the prompt number of
         the output.
 
         Note that %edit is also available through the alias %ed.
 
         This is an example of creating a simple function inside the editor and
         then modifying it. First, start up the editor:
 
         In [1]: ed
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         Out[1]: 'def foo():n    print "foo() was defined in an editing session"n'
 
         We can then call the function foo():
         
         In [2]: foo()
         foo() was defined in an editing session
 
         Now we edit foo.  IPython automatically loads the editor with the
         (temporary) file where foo() was previously defined:
         
         In [3]: ed foo
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
 
         And if we call foo() again we get the modified version:
         
         In [4]: foo()
         foo() has now been changed!
 
         Here is an example of how to edit a code snippet successive
         times. First we call the editor:
 
         In [5]: ed
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         hello
         Out[5]: "print 'hello'n"
 
         Now we call it again with the previous output (stored in _):
 
         In [6]: ed _
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         hello world
         Out[6]: "print 'hello world'n"
 
         Now we call it with the output #8 (stored in _8, also as Out[8]):
 
         In [7]: ed _8
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         hello again
         Out[7]: "print 'hello again'n"
 
 
         Changing the default editor hook:
 
         If you wish to write your own editor hook, you can put it in a
         configuration file which you load at startup time.  The default hook
         is defined in the IPython.core.hooks module, and you can use that as a
         starting example for further modifications.  That file also has
         general instructions on how to set a new hook for use once you've
         defined it."""
         
         # FIXME: This function has become a convoluted mess.  It needs a
         # ground-up rewrite with clean, simple logic.
 
         def make_filename(arg):
             "Make a filename from the given args"
             try:
                 filename = get_py_filename(arg)
             except IOError:
                 if args.endswith('.py'):
                     filename = arg
                 else:
                     filename = None
             return filename
 
         # custom exceptions
         class DataIsObject(Exception): pass
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'prn:')
         # Set a few locals from the options for convenience:
         opts_p = opts.has_key('p')
         opts_r = opts.has_key('r')
         
         # Default line number value
         lineno = opts.get('n',None)
         if lineno is not None:
             try:
                 lineno = int(lineno)
             except:
                 warn("The -n argument must be an integer.")
                 return
 
         if opts_p:
             args = '_%s' % last_call[0]
             if not self.shell.user_ns.has_key(args):
                 args = last_call[1]
             
         # use last_call to remember the state of the previous call, but don't
         # let it be clobbered by successive '-p' calls.
         try:
             last_call[0] = self.shell.displayhook.prompt_count
             if not opts_p:
                 last_call[1] = parameter_s
         except:
             pass
 
         # by default this is done with temp files, except when the given
         # arg is a filename
         use_temp = 1
 
         if re.match(r'\d',args):
             # Mode where user specifies ranges of lines, like in %macro.
             # This means that you can't edit files whose names begin with
             # numbers this way. Tough.
             ranges = args.split()
             data = ''.join(self.extract_input_slices(ranges,opts_r))
         elif args.endswith('.py'):
             filename = make_filename(args)
             data = ''
             use_temp = 0
         elif args:
             try:
                 # Load the parameter given as a variable. If not a string,
                 # process it as an object instead (below)
 
                 #print '*** args',args,'type',type(args)  # dbg
                 data = eval(args,self.shell.user_ns)
                 if not type(data) in StringTypes:
                     raise DataIsObject
 
             except (NameError,SyntaxError):
                 # given argument is not a variable, try as a filename
                 filename = make_filename(args)
                 if filename is None:
                     warn("Argument given (%s) can't be found as a variable "
                          "or as a filename." % args)
                     return
 
                 data = ''
                 use_temp = 0
             except DataIsObject:
 
                 # macros have a special edit function
                 if isinstance(data,Macro):
                     self._edit_macro(args,data)
                     return
                                 
                 # For objects, try to edit the file where they are defined
                 try:
                     filename = inspect.getabsfile(data)
                     if 'fakemodule' in filename.lower() and inspect.isclass(data):                     
                         # class created by %edit? Try to find source
                         # by looking for method definitions instead, the
                         # __module__ in those classes is FakeModule.
                         attrs = [getattr(data, aname) for aname in dir(data)]
                         for attr in attrs:
                             if not inspect.ismethod(attr):
                                 continue
                             filename = inspect.getabsfile(attr)
                             if filename and 'fakemodule' not in filename.lower():
                                 # change the attribute to be the edit target instead
                                 data = attr 
                                 break
                     
                     datafile = 1
                 except TypeError:
                     filename = make_filename(args)
                     datafile = 1
                     warn('Could not find file where `%s` is defined.\n'
                          'Opening a file named `%s`' % (args,filename))
                 # Now, make sure we can actually read the source (if it was in
                 # a temp file it's gone by now).
                 if datafile:
                     try:
                         if lineno is None:
                             lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(data)[1]
                     except IOError:
                         filename = make_filename(args)
                         if filename is None:
                             warn('The file `%s` where `%s` was defined cannot '
                                  'be read.' % (filename,data))
                             return
                 use_temp = 0
         else:
             data = ''
 
         if use_temp:
             filename = self.shell.mktempfile(data)
             print('IPython will make a temporary file named:', filename)
 
         # Make sure we send to the client an absolute path, in case the working
         # directory of client and kernel don't match
         filename = os.path.abspath(filename)
 
         payload = {
             'source' : 'IPython.zmq.zmqshell.ZMQInteractiveShell.edit_magic',
             'filename' : filename,
             'line_number' : lineno
         }
         self.payload_manager.write_payload(payload)
 
     def magic_gui(self, *args, **kwargs):
         raise NotImplementedError(
             'GUI support must be enabled in command line options.')
 
     def magic_pylab(self, *args, **kwargs):
         raise NotImplementedError(
             'pylab support must be enabled in command line options.')
 
     # A few magics that are adapted to the specifics of using pexpect and a
     # remote terminal
 
     def magic_clear(self, arg_s):
         """Clear the terminal."""
         if os.name == 'posix':
             self.shell.system("clear")
         else:
             self.shell.system("cls")
 
     if os.name == 'nt':
         # This is the usual name in windows
         magic_cls = magic_clear
 
     # Terminal pagers won't work over pexpect, but we do have our own pager
     
     def magic_less(self, arg_s):
         """Show a file through the pager.
 
         Files ending in .py are syntax-highlighted."""
         cont = open(arg_s).read()
         if arg_s.endswith('.py'):
             cont = self.shell.pycolorize(cont)
         page.page(cont)
 
     magic_more = magic_less
 
     # Man calls a pager, so we also need to redefine it
     if os.name == 'posix':
         def magic_man(self, arg_s):
             """Find the man page for the given command and display in pager."""
             page.page(self.shell.getoutput('man %s | col -b' % arg_s,
                                            split=False))
 
     # FIXME: this is specific to the GUI, so we should let the gui app load
     # magics at startup that are only for the gui.  Once the gui app has proper
     # profile and configuration management, we can have it initialize a kernel
     # with a special config file that provides these.
     def magic_guiref(self, arg_s):
         """Show a basic reference about the GUI console."""
         from IPython.core.usage import gui_reference
         page.page(gui_reference, auto_html=True)
 
     def magic_loadpy(self, arg_s):
         """Load a .py python script into the GUI console.
 
         This magic command can either take a local filename or a url::
 
         %loadpy myscript.py
         %loadpy http://www.example.com/myscript.py
         """
         if not arg_s.endswith('.py'):
             raise ValueError('%%load only works with .py files: %s' % arg_s)
         if arg_s.startswith('http'):
             import urllib2
             response = urllib2.urlopen(arg_s)
             content = response.read()
         else:
             content = open(arg_s).read()
         payload = dict(
             source='IPython.zmq.zmqshell.ZMQInteractiveShell.magic_loadpy', 
             text=content
         )
         self.payload_manager.write_payload(payload)
         
     def magic_Exit(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Exit IPython. If the -k option is provided, the kernel will be left
         running. Otherwise, it will shutdown without prompting.
         """
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'k')
         self.shell.keepkernel_on_exit = opts.has_key('k')
         self.shell.ask_exit()
 
     # Add aliases as magics so all common forms work: exit, quit, Exit, Quit.
     magic_exit = magic_quit = magic_Quit = magic_Exit
 
 InteractiveShellABC.register(ZMQInteractiveShell)

setupbase.py

@@ -1,375 +1,369 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 This module defines the things that are used in setup.py for building IPython
 
 This includes:
 
     * The basic arguments to setup
     * Functions for finding things like packages, package data, etc.
     * A function for checking dependencies.
 """
 from __future__ import print_function
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import os
 import sys
 
 from ConfigParser import ConfigParser
 from distutils.command.build_py import build_py
 from glob import glob
 
 from setupext import install_data_ext
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Useful globals and utility functions
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # A few handy globals
 isfile = os.path.isfile
 pjoin = os.path.join
 
 def oscmd(s):
     print(">", s)
     os.system(s)
 
 # A little utility we'll need below, since glob() does NOT allow you to do
 # exclusion on multiple endings!
 def file_doesnt_endwith(test,endings):
     """Return true if test is a file and its name does NOT end with any
     of the strings listed in endings."""
     if not isfile(test):
         return False
     for e in endings:
         if test.endswith(e):
             return False
     return True
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Basic project information
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # release.py contains version, authors, license, url, keywords, etc.
 execfile(pjoin('IPython','core','release.py'))
 
 # Create a dict with the basic information
 # This dict is eventually passed to setup after additional keys are added.
 setup_args = dict(
       name             = name,
       version          = version,
       description      = description,
       long_description = long_description,
       author           = author,
       author_email     = author_email,
       url              = url,
       download_url     = download_url,
       license          = license,
       platforms        = platforms,
       keywords         = keywords,
       cmdclass         = {'install_data': install_data_ext},
       )
 
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Find packages
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def add_package(packages,pname,config=False,tests=False,scripts=False,
                 others=None):
     """
     Add a package to the list of packages, including certain subpackages.
     """
     packages.append('.'.join(['IPython',pname]))
     if config:
         packages.append('.'.join(['IPython',pname,'config']))
     if tests:
         packages.append('.'.join(['IPython',pname,'tests']))
     if scripts:
         packages.append('.'.join(['IPython',pname,'scripts']))
     if others is not None:
         for o in others:
             packages.append('.'.join(['IPython',pname,o]))
 
 def find_packages():
     """
     Find all of IPython's packages.
     """
     packages = ['IPython']
     add_package(packages, 'config', tests=True, others=['default','profile'])
     add_package(packages, 'core', tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'deathrow', tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'extensions')
     add_package(packages, 'external')
     add_package(packages, 'frontend')
     add_package(packages, 'frontend.qt')
     add_package(packages, 'frontend.qt.console', tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'frontend.terminal', tests=True)    
     add_package(packages, 'kernel', config=False, tests=True, scripts=True)
     add_package(packages, 'kernel.core', config=False, tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'lib', tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'quarantine', tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'scripts')
     add_package(packages, 'testing', tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'testing.plugin', tests=False)
     add_package(packages, 'utils', tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'zmq')
     add_package(packages, 'zmq.pylab')
     return packages
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Find package data
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def find_package_data():
     """
     Find IPython's package_data.
     """
     # This is not enough for these things to appear in an sdist.
     # We need to muck with the MANIFEST to get this to work
     package_data = {
         'IPython.config.userconfig' : ['*'],
         'IPython.testing' : ['*.txt']
     }
     return package_data
 
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Find data files
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def make_dir_struct(tag,base,out_base):
     """Make the directory structure of all files below a starting dir.
 
     This is just a convenience routine to help build a nested directory
     hierarchy because distutils is too stupid to do this by itself.
 
     XXX - this needs a proper docstring!
     """
     
     # we'll use these a lot below
     lbase = len(base)
     pathsep = os.path.sep
     lpathsep = len(pathsep)
     
     out = []
     for (dirpath,dirnames,filenames) in os.walk(base):
         # we need to strip out the dirpath from the base to map it to the
         # output (installation) path.  This requires possibly stripping the
         # path separator, because otherwise pjoin will not work correctly
         # (pjoin('foo/','/bar') returns '/bar').
         
         dp_eff = dirpath[lbase:]
         if dp_eff.startswith(pathsep):
             dp_eff = dp_eff[lpathsep:]
         # The output path must be anchored at the out_base marker    
         out_path = pjoin(out_base,dp_eff)
         # Now we can generate the final filenames. Since os.walk only produces
         # filenames, we must join back with the dirpath to get full valid file
         # paths:
         pfiles = [pjoin(dirpath,f) for f in filenames]
         # Finally, generate the entry we need, which is a pari of (output
         # path, files) for use as a data_files parameter in install_data.
         out.append((out_path, pfiles))
 
     return out
     
 
 def find_data_files():
     """
     Find IPython's data_files.
 
     Most of these are docs.
     """
     
     docdirbase  = pjoin('share', 'doc', 'ipython')
     manpagebase = pjoin('share', 'man', 'man1')
     
     # Simple file lists can be made by hand
     manpages  = filter(isfile, glob(pjoin('docs','man','*.1.gz')))
     igridhelpfiles = filter(isfile,
                             glob(pjoin('IPython','extensions','igrid_help.*')))
 
     # For nested structures, use the utility above
     example_files = make_dir_struct(
         'data',
         pjoin('docs','examples'),
         pjoin(docdirbase,'examples')
     )
     manual_files = make_dir_struct(
         'data',
         pjoin('docs','dist'),
         pjoin(docdirbase,'manual')
     )
 
     # And assemble the entire output list
     data_files = [ (manpagebase, manpages),
                    (pjoin(docdirbase, 'extensions'), igridhelpfiles),
                    ] + manual_files + example_files
-                 
-    ## import pprint  # dbg
-    ## print('*'*80)
-    ## print('data files')
-    ## pprint.pprint(data_files)
-    ## print('*'*80)
-    
+
     return data_files
 
 
 def make_man_update_target(manpage):
     """Return a target_update-compliant tuple for the given manpage.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     manpage : string
       Name of the manpage, must include the section number (trailing number).
 
     Example
     -------
 
     >>> make_man_update_target('ipython.1') #doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
     ('docs/man/ipython.1.gz',
      ['docs/man/ipython.1'],
      'cd docs/man && gzip -9c ipython.1 > ipython.1.gz')
     """
     man_dir = pjoin('docs', 'man')
     manpage_gz = manpage + '.gz'
     manpath = pjoin(man_dir, manpage)
     manpath_gz = pjoin(man_dir, manpage_gz)
     gz_cmd = ( "cd %(man_dir)s && gzip -9c %(manpage)s > %(manpage_gz)s" %
                locals() )
     return (manpath_gz, [manpath], gz_cmd)
     
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Find scripts
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def find_scripts():
     """
     Find IPython's scripts.
     """
     kernel_scripts = pjoin('IPython','kernel','scripts')
     main_scripts = pjoin('IPython','scripts')
     scripts = [pjoin(kernel_scripts, 'ipengine'),
                pjoin(kernel_scripts, 'ipcontroller'),
                pjoin(kernel_scripts, 'ipcluster'),
                pjoin(main_scripts, 'ipython'),
                pjoin(main_scripts, 'ipython-qtconsole'),
                pjoin(main_scripts, 'pycolor'),
                pjoin(main_scripts, 'irunner'),
                pjoin(main_scripts, 'iptest')
               ]
     
     # Script to be run by the windows binary installer after the default setup
     # routine, to add shortcuts and similar windows-only things.  Windows
     # post-install scripts MUST reside in the scripts/ dir, otherwise distutils
     # doesn't find them.
     if 'bdist_wininst' in sys.argv:
         if len(sys.argv) > 2 and \
                ('sdist' in sys.argv or 'bdist_rpm' in sys.argv):
             print("ERROR: bdist_wininst must be run alone. Exiting.",
                   file=sys.stderr)
             sys.exit(1)
         scripts.append(pjoin('scripts','ipython_win_post_install.py'))
 
     return scripts
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Verify all dependencies
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def check_for_dependencies():
     """Check for IPython's dependencies.
     
     This function should NOT be called if running under setuptools!
     """
     from setupext.setupext import (
         print_line, print_raw, print_status,
         check_for_zopeinterface, check_for_twisted,
         check_for_foolscap, check_for_pyopenssl,
         check_for_sphinx, check_for_pygments,
         check_for_nose, check_for_pexpect
     )
     print_line()
     print_raw("BUILDING IPYTHON")
     print_status('python', sys.version)
     print_status('platform', sys.platform)
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
         print_status('Windows version', sys.getwindowsversion())
     
     print_raw("")
     print_raw("OPTIONAL DEPENDENCIES")
 
     check_for_zopeinterface()
     check_for_twisted()
     check_for_foolscap()
     check_for_pyopenssl()
     check_for_sphinx()
     check_for_pygments()
     check_for_nose()
     check_for_pexpect()
 
 
 def record_commit_info(pkg_dir, build_cmd=build_py):
     """ Return extended build command class for recording commit
 
     The extended command tries to run git to find the current commit, getting
     the empty string if it fails.  It then writes the commit hash into a file
     in the `pkg_dir` path, named ``.git_commit_info.ini``.
 
     In due course this information can be used by the package after it is
     installed, to tell you what commit it was installed from if known.
 
     To make use of this system, you need a package with a .git_commit_info.ini
     file - e.g. ``myproject/.git_commit_info.ini`` - that might well look like
     this::
 
         # This is an ini file that may contain information about the code state
         [commit hash]
         # The line below may contain a valid hash if it has been substituted
         # during 'git archive'
         archive_subst_hash=$Format:%h$
         # This line may be modified by the install process
         install_hash=
 
     The .git_commit_info file above is also designed to be used with git
     substitution - so you probably also want a ``.gitattributes`` file in the
     root directory of your working tree that contains something like this::
 
        myproject/.git_commit_info.ini export-subst
 
     That will cause the ``.git_commit_info.ini`` file to get filled in by ``git
     archive`` - useful in case someone makes such an archive - for example with
     via the github 'download source' button.
 
     Although all the above will work as is, you might consider having something
     like a ``get_info()`` function in your package to display the commit
     information at the terminal.  See the ``pkg_info.py`` module in the nipy
     package for an example.
     """
     class MyBuildPy(build_cmd):
         ''' Subclass to write commit data into installation tree '''
         def run(self):
             build_py.run(self)
             import subprocess
             proc = subprocess.Popen('git rev-parse --short HEAD',
                                     stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                     stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                                     shell=True)
             repo_commit, _ = proc.communicate()
             # We write the installation commit even if it's empty
             cfg_parser = ConfigParser()
             cfg_parser.read(pjoin(pkg_dir, '.git_commit_info.ini'))
             cfg_parser.set('commit hash', 'install_hash', repo_commit)
             out_pth = pjoin(self.build_lib, pkg_dir, '.git_commit_info.ini')
             out_file = open(out_pth, 'wt')
             cfg_parser.write(out_file)
             out_file.close()
     return MyBuildPy