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add parallel dill example
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1 {
2 "metadata": {
3 "gist_id": "5241793",
4 "name": ""
5 },
6 "nbformat": 3,
7 "nbformat_minor": 0,
8 "worksheets": [
9 {
10 "cells": [
11 {
12 "cell_type": "heading",
13 "level": 1,
14 "metadata": {},
15 "source": [
16 "Using dill to pickle anything"
17 ]
18 },
19 {
20 "cell_type": "markdown",
21 "metadata": {},
22 "source": [
23 "IPython.parallel doesn't do much in the way of serialization.\n",
24 "It has custom zero-copy handling of numpy arrays,\n",
25 "but other than that, it doesn't do anything other than the bare minimum to make basic interactively defined functions and classes sendable.\n",
26 "\n",
27 "There are a few projects that extend pickle to make just about anything sendable, and one of these is [dill](http://www.cacr.caltech.edu/~mmckerns/dill).\n",
28 "\n",
29 "To install dill:\n",
30 " \n",
31 " pip install dill"
32 ]
33 },
34 {
35 "cell_type": "markdown",
36 "metadata": {},
37 "source": [
38 "First, as always, we create a task function, this time with a closure"
39 ]
40 },
41 {
42 "cell_type": "code",
43 "collapsed": false,
44 "input": [
45 "def make_closure(a):\n",
46 " \"\"\"make a function with a closure, and return it\"\"\"\n",
47 " def has_closure(b):\n",
48 " return a * b\n",
49 " return has_closure"
50 ],
51 "language": "python",
52 "metadata": {},
53 "outputs": [],
54 "prompt_number": 1
55 },
56 {
57 "cell_type": "code",
58 "collapsed": false,
59 "input": [
60 "closed = make_closure(5)"
61 ],
62 "language": "python",
63 "metadata": {},
64 "outputs": [],
65 "prompt_number": 2
66 },
67 {
68 "cell_type": "code",
69 "collapsed": false,
70 "input": [
71 "closed(2)"
72 ],
73 "language": "python",
74 "metadata": {},
75 "outputs": [
76 {
77 "metadata": {},
78 "output_type": "pyout",
79 "prompt_number": 3,
80 "text": [
81 "10"
82 ]
83 }
84 ],
85 "prompt_number": 3
86 },
87 {
88 "cell_type": "code",
89 "collapsed": false,
90 "input": [
91 "import pickle"
92 ],
93 "language": "python",
94 "metadata": {},
95 "outputs": [],
96 "prompt_number": 4
97 },
98 {
99 "cell_type": "markdown",
100 "metadata": {},
101 "source": [
102 "Without help, pickle can't deal with closures"
103 ]
104 },
105 {
106 "cell_type": "code",
107 "collapsed": false,
108 "input": [
109 "pickle.dumps(closed)"
110 ],
111 "language": "python",
112 "metadata": {},
113 "outputs": [
114 {
115 "ename": "PicklingError",
116 "evalue": "Can't pickle <function has_closure at 0x10d2552a8>: it's not found as __main__.has_closure",
117 "output_type": "pyerr",
118 "traceback": [
119 "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mPicklingError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
120 "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-5-0f1f376cfea0>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mpickle\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdumps\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mclosed\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
121 "\u001b[1;32m/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdumps\u001b[1;34m(obj, protocol)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1372\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdumps\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprotocol\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1373\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfile\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mStringIO\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1374\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mPickler\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfile\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprotocol\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdump\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 1375\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfile\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mgetvalue\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1376\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
122 "\u001b[1;32m/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdump\u001b[1;34m(self, obj)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 222\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mproto\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 223\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mwrite\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mPROTO\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mchr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mproto\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 224\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msave\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 225\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mwrite\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mSTOP\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 226\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
123 "\u001b[1;32m/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36msave\u001b[1;34m(self, obj)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 284\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdispatch\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 285\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 286\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# Call unbound method with explicit self\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 287\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 288\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
124 "\u001b[1;32m/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36msave_global\u001b[1;34m(self, obj, name, pack)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 746\u001b[0m raise PicklingError(\n\u001b[0;32m 747\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"Can't pickle %r: it's not found as %s.%s\"\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m%\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 748\u001b[1;33m (obj, module, name))\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 749\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 750\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mklass\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
125 "\u001b[1;31mPicklingError\u001b[0m: Can't pickle <function has_closure at 0x10d2552a8>: it's not found as __main__.has_closure"
126 ]
127 }
128 ],
129 "prompt_number": 5
130 },
131 {
132 "cell_type": "markdown",
133 "metadata": {},
134 "source": [
135 "But after we import dill, magic happens"
136 ]
137 },
138 {
139 "cell_type": "code",
140 "collapsed": false,
141 "input": [
142 "import dill"
143 ],
144 "language": "python",
145 "metadata": {},
146 "outputs": [],
147 "prompt_number": 6
148 },
149 {
150 "cell_type": "code",
151 "collapsed": false,
152 "input": [
153 "pickle.dumps(closed)[:64] + '...'"
154 ],
155 "language": "python",
156 "metadata": {},
157 "outputs": [
158 {
159 "metadata": {},
160 "output_type": "pyout",
161 "prompt_number": 7,
162 "text": [
163 "\"cdill.dill\\n_load_type\\np0\\n(S'FunctionType'\\np1\\ntp2\\nRp3\\n(cdill.dill...\""
164 ]
165 }
166 ],
167 "prompt_number": 7
168 },
169 {
170 "cell_type": "markdown",
171 "metadata": {},
172 "source": [
173 "So from now on, pretty much everything is pickleable."
174 ]
175 },
176 {
177 "cell_type": "heading",
178 "level": 2,
179 "metadata": {},
180 "source": [
181 "Now use this in IPython.parallel"
182 ]
183 },
184 {
185 "cell_type": "markdown",
186 "metadata": {},
187 "source": [
188 "As usual, we start by creating our Client and View"
189 ]
190 },
191 {
192 "cell_type": "code",
193 "collapsed": false,
194 "input": [
195 "from IPython import parallel\n",
196 "rc = parallel.Client()\n",
197 "view = rc.load_balanced_view()"
198 ],
199 "language": "python",
200 "metadata": {},
201 "outputs": [],
202 "prompt_number": 8
203 },
204 {
205 "cell_type": "markdown",
206 "metadata": {},
207 "source": [
208 "Now let's try sending our function with a closure:"
209 ]
210 },
211 {
212 "cell_type": "code",
213 "collapsed": false,
214 "input": [
215 "view.apply_sync(closed, 3)"
216 ],
217 "language": "python",
218 "metadata": {},
219 "outputs": [
220 {
221 "ename": "ValueError",
222 "evalue": "Sorry, cannot pickle code objects with closures",
223 "output_type": "pyerr",
224 "traceback": [
225 "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
226 "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-9-23a646829fdc>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mview\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mapply_sync\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mclosed\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
227 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/parallel/client/view.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mapply_sync\u001b[1;34m(self, f, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n",
228 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/parallel/client/view.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mspin_after\u001b[1;34m(f, self, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 73\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mspin_after\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 74\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"\"\"call spin after the method.\"\"\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 75\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mret\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 76\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mspin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 77\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mret\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
229 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/parallel/client/view.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mapply_sync\u001b[1;34m(self, f, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 248\u001b[0m \u001b[0mreturns\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0mactual\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[0mof\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 249\u001b[0m \"\"\"\n\u001b[1;32m--> 250\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_really_apply\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mblock\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mTrue\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 251\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 252\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m#----------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
230 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/parallel/client/view.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_really_apply\u001b[1;34m(self, f, args, kwargs, block, track, after, follow, timeout, targets, retries)\u001b[0m\n",
231 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/parallel/client/view.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36msync_results\u001b[1;34m(f, self, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 64\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_in_sync_results\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mTrue\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 65\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 66\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mret\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 67\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mfinally\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 68\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_in_sync_results\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mFalse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
232 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/parallel/client/view.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_really_apply\u001b[1;34m(self, f, args, kwargs, block, track, after, follow, timeout, targets, retries)\u001b[0m\n",
233 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/parallel/client/view.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36msave_ids\u001b[1;34m(f, self, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 49\u001b[0m \u001b[0mn_previous\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mclient\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mhistory\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 50\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 51\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mret\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 52\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mfinally\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 53\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnmsgs\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mclient\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mhistory\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m \u001b[0mn_previous\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
234 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/parallel/client/view.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_really_apply\u001b[1;34m(self, f, args, kwargs, block, track, after, follow, timeout, targets, retries)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1053\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1054\u001b[0m msg = self.client.send_apply_request(self._socket, f, args, kwargs, track=track,\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1055\u001b[1;33m metadata=metadata)\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 1056\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtracker\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mNone\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtrack\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0mFalse\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'tracker'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1057\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
235 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/parallel/client/client.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36msend_apply_request\u001b[1;34m(self, socket, f, args, kwargs, metadata, track, ident)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1252\u001b[0m bufs = serialize.pack_apply_message(f, args, kwargs,\n\u001b[0;32m 1253\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbuffer_threshold\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msession\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbuffer_threshold\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1254\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mitem_threshold\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msession\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mitem_threshold\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 1255\u001b[0m )\n\u001b[0;32m 1256\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
236 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/kernel/zmq/serialize.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpack_apply_message\u001b[1;34m(f, args, kwargs, buffer_threshold, item_threshold)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 163\u001b[0m \u001b[0minfo\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdict\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mnargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnarg_bufs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0marg_bufs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkw_keys\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkw_keys\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 164\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 165\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpickle\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdumps\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcan\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 166\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpickle\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdumps\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minfo\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 167\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mextend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0marg_bufs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
237 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/utils/codeutil.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mreduce_code\u001b[1;34m(co)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 36\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mreduce_code\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 37\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_freevars\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_cellvars\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 38\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mValueError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"Sorry, cannot pickle code objects with closures\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 39\u001b[0m args = [co.co_argcount, co.co_nlocals, co.co_stacksize,\n\u001b[0;32m 40\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_flags\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_code\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_consts\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_names\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
238 "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m: Sorry, cannot pickle code objects with closures"
239 ]
240 }
241 ],
242 "prompt_number": 9
243 },
244 {
245 "cell_type": "markdown",
246 "metadata": {},
247 "source": [
248 "Oops, no dice. For IPython to work with dill,\n",
249 "there are one or two more steps. IPython will do these for you if you call `pickleutil.use_dill`:"
250 ]
251 },
252 {
253 "cell_type": "code",
254 "collapsed": false,
255 "input": [
256 "from IPython.utils import pickleutil\n",
257 "pickleutil.use_dill()"
258 ],
259 "language": "python",
260 "metadata": {},
261 "outputs": [],
262 "prompt_number": 10
263 },
264 {
265 "cell_type": "markdown",
266 "metadata": {},
267 "source": [
268 "Now let's try again"
269 ]
270 },
271 {
272 "cell_type": "code",
273 "collapsed": false,
274 "input": [
275 "view.apply_sync(closed, 3)"
276 ],
277 "language": "python",
278 "metadata": {},
279 "outputs": [
280 {
281 "metadata": {},
282 "output_type": "pyout",
283 "prompt_number": 11,
284 "text": [
285 "15"
286 ]
287 }
288 ],
289 "prompt_number": 11
290 },
291 {
292 "cell_type": "markdown",
293 "metadata": {},
294 "source": [
295 "Yay! Now we can use dill to allow IPython.parallel to send anything.\n",
296 "\n",
297 "And that's it! We can send closures and other previously non-pickleables to our engines.\n",
298 "\n",
299 "But wait, there's more!"
300 ]
301 },
302 {
303 "cell_type": "code",
304 "collapsed": false,
305 "input": [
306 "view.apply_sync(make_closure, 2)"
307 ],
308 "language": "python",
309 "metadata": {},
310 "outputs": [
311 {
312 "ename": "RemoteError",
313 "evalue": "ValueError(Sorry, cannot pickle code objects with closures)",
314 "output_type": "pyerr",
315 "traceback": [
316 "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
317 "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/kernel/zmq/serialize.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mserialize_object\u001b[1;34m(obj, buffer_threshold, item_threshold)\u001b[0m",
318 "\u001b[0;32m 100\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbuffers\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mextend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_extract_buffers\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbuffer_threshold\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m",
319 "\u001b[0;32m 101\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m",
320 "\u001b[1;32m--> 102\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mbuffers\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0minsert\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpickle\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdumps\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m",
321 "\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 103\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbuffers\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m",
322 "\u001b[0;32m 104\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m",
323 "\u001b[1;32m/Users/minrk/dev/ip/mine/IPython/utils/codeutil.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mreduce_code\u001b[1;34m(co)\u001b[0m",
324 "\u001b[0;32m 36\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mreduce_code\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m",
325 "\u001b[0;32m 37\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_freevars\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_cellvars\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m",
326 "\u001b[1;32m---> 38\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mValueError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"Sorry, cannot pickle code objects with closures\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m",
327 "\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 39\u001b[0m args = [co.co_argcount, co.co_nlocals, co.co_stacksize,",
328 "\u001b[0;32m 40\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_flags\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_code\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_consts\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mco_names\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m",
329 "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m: Sorry, cannot pickle code objects with closures"
330 ]
331 }
332 ],
333 "prompt_number": 12
334 },
335 {
336 "cell_type": "markdown",
337 "metadata": {},
338 "source": [
339 "If we want dill support for objects coming *from* the engines,\n",
340 "then we need to call `use_dill()` there as well.\n",
341 "\n",
342 "`DirectView` objects have a method to call `use_dill` locally and on every engine:"
343 ]
344 },
345 {
346 "cell_type": "code",
347 "collapsed": false,
348 "input": [
349 "rc[:].use_dill()"
350 ],
351 "language": "python",
352 "metadata": {},
353 "outputs": [
354 {
355 "metadata": {},
356 "output_type": "pyout",
357 "prompt_number": 13,
358 "text": [
359 "<AsyncResult: use_dill>"
360 ]
361 }
362 ],
363 "prompt_number": 13
364 },
365 {
366 "cell_type": "markdown",
367 "metadata": {},
368 "source": [
369 "This is equivalent to\n",
370 "\n",
371 "```python\n",
372 "from IPython.utils.pickleutil import use_dill\n",
373 "use_dill()\n",
374 "rc[:].apply(use_dill)\n",
375 "```"
376 ]
377 },
378 {
379 "cell_type": "markdown",
380 "metadata": {},
381 "source": [
382 "Let's give it a try now:"
383 ]
384 },
385 {
386 "cell_type": "code",
387 "collapsed": false,
388 "input": [
389 "remote_closure = view.apply_sync(make_closure, 4)\n",
390 "remote_closure(5)"
391 ],
392 "language": "python",
393 "metadata": {},
394 "outputs": [
395 {
396 "metadata": {},
397 "output_type": "pyout",
398 "prompt_number": 14,
399 "text": [
400 "20"
401 ]
402 }
403 ],
404 "prompt_number": 14
405 },
406 {
407 "cell_type": "markdown",
408 "metadata": {},
409 "source": [
410 "At this point, we can send/recv all kinds of stuff"
411 ]
412 },
413 {
414 "cell_type": "code",
415 "collapsed": false,
416 "input": [
417 "def outer(a):\n",
418 " def inner(b):\n",
419 " def inner_again(c):\n",
420 " return c * b * a\n",
421 " return inner_again\n",
422 " return inner"
423 ],
424 "language": "python",
425 "metadata": {},
426 "outputs": [],
427 "prompt_number": 15
428 },
429 {
430 "cell_type": "markdown",
431 "metadata": {},
432 "source": [
433 "So outer returns a function with a closure, which returns a function with a closure.\n",
434 "\n",
435 "Now, we can resolve the first closure on the engine, the second here, and the third on a different engine,\n",
436 "after passing through a lambda we define here and call there, just for good measure."
437 ]
438 },
439 {
440 "cell_type": "code",
441 "collapsed": false,
442 "input": [
443 "view.apply_sync(lambda f: f(3),view.apply_sync(outer, 1)(2))"
444 ],
445 "language": "python",
446 "metadata": {},
447 "outputs": [
448 {
449 "metadata": {},
450 "output_type": "pyout",
451 "prompt_number": 16,
452 "text": [
453 "6"
454 ]
455 }
456 ],
457 "prompt_number": 16
458 }
459 ],
460 "metadata": {}
461 }
462 ]
463 } No newline at end of file
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