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1 | .. _initial config: |
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1 | .. _initial config: | |
2 |
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2 | |||
3 | ============================================================= |
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3 | ============================================================= | |
4 | Outdated configuration information that might still be useful |
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4 | Outdated configuration information that might still be useful | |
5 | ============================================================= |
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5 | ============================================================= | |
6 |
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6 | |||
7 | .. warning:: |
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7 | .. warning:: | |
8 |
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8 | |||
9 | All of the information in this file is outdated. Until the new |
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9 | All of the information in this file is outdated. Until the new | |
10 | configuration system is better documented, this material is being kept. |
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10 | configuration system is better documented, this material is being kept. | |
11 |
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11 | |||
12 | This section will help you set various things in your environment for |
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12 | This section will help you set various things in your environment for | |
13 | your IPython sessions to be as efficient as possible. All of IPython's |
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13 | your IPython sessions to be as efficient as possible. All of IPython's | |
14 | configuration information, along with several example files, is stored |
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14 | configuration information, along with several example files, is stored | |
15 | in a directory named by default $HOME/.config/ipython if $HOME/.config |
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15 | in a directory named by default $HOME/.config/ipython if $HOME/.config | |
16 | exists (Linux), or $HOME/.ipython as a secondary default. You can change this by |
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16 | exists (Linux), or $HOME/.ipython as a secondary default. You can change this by | |
17 | defining the environment variable IPYTHONDIR, or at runtime with the |
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17 | defining the environment variable IPYTHONDIR, or at runtime with the | |
18 | command line option -ipythondir. |
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18 | command line option -ipythondir. | |
19 |
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19 | |||
20 | If all goes well, the first time you run IPython it should automatically create |
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20 | If all goes well, the first time you run IPython it should automatically create | |
21 | a user copy of the config directory for you, based on its builtin defaults. You |
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21 | a user copy of the config directory for you, based on its builtin defaults. You | |
22 | can look at the files it creates to learn more about configuring the |
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22 | can look at the files it creates to learn more about configuring the | |
23 | system. The main file you will modify to configure IPython's behavior is called |
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23 | system. The main file you will modify to configure IPython's behavior is called | |
24 | ipythonrc (with a .ini extension under Windows), included for reference |
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24 | ipythonrc (with a .ini extension under Windows), included for reference | |
25 | :ref:`here <ipythonrc>`. This file is very commented and has many variables you |
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25 | :ref:`here <ipythonrc>`. This file is very commented and has many variables you | |
26 | can change to suit your taste, you can find more details :ref:`here |
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26 | can change to suit your taste, you can find more details :ref:`here | |
27 | <customization>`. Here we discuss the basic things you will want to make sure |
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27 | <customization>`. Here we discuss the basic things you will want to make sure | |
28 | things are working properly from the beginning. |
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28 | things are working properly from the beginning. | |
29 |
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29 | |||
30 | Color |
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30 | Color | |
31 | ===== |
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31 | ===== | |
32 |
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32 | |||
33 | The default IPython configuration has most bells and whistles turned on |
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33 | The default IPython configuration has most bells and whistles turned on | |
34 | (they're pretty safe). But there's one that may cause problems on some |
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34 | (they're pretty safe). But there's one that may cause problems on some | |
35 | systems: the use of color on screen for displaying information. This is |
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35 | systems: the use of color on screen for displaying information. This is | |
36 | very useful, since IPython can show prompts and exception tracebacks |
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36 | very useful, since IPython can show prompts and exception tracebacks | |
37 | with various colors, display syntax-highlighted source code, and in |
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37 | with various colors, display syntax-highlighted source code, and in | |
38 | general make it easier to visually parse information. |
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38 | general make it easier to visually parse information. | |
39 |
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39 | |||
40 | The following terminals seem to handle the color sequences fine: |
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40 | The following terminals seem to handle the color sequences fine: | |
41 |
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41 | |||
42 | * Linux main text console, KDE Konsole, Gnome Terminal, E-term, |
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42 | * Linux main text console, KDE Konsole, Gnome Terminal, E-term, | |
43 | rxvt, xterm. |
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43 | rxvt, xterm. | |
44 | * CDE terminal (tested under Solaris). This one boldfaces light colors. |
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44 | * CDE terminal (tested under Solaris). This one boldfaces light colors. | |
45 |
* (X)Emacs buffers. See the |
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45 | * (X)Emacs buffers. See the :ref:`emacs` section for more details on | |
46 | using IPython with (X)Emacs. |
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46 | using IPython with (X)Emacs. | |
47 | * A Windows (XP/2k) command prompt with pyreadline_. |
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47 | * A Windows (XP/2k) command prompt with pyreadline_. | |
48 | * A Windows (XP/2k) CygWin shell. Although some users have reported |
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48 | * A Windows (XP/2k) CygWin shell. Although some users have reported | |
49 | problems; it is not clear whether there is an issue for everyone |
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49 | problems; it is not clear whether there is an issue for everyone | |
50 | or only under specific configurations. If you have full color |
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50 | or only under specific configurations. If you have full color | |
51 | support under cygwin, please post to the IPython mailing list so |
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51 | support under cygwin, please post to the IPython mailing list so | |
52 | this issue can be resolved for all users. |
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52 | this issue can be resolved for all users. | |
53 |
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53 | |||
54 | .. _pyreadline: https://code.launchpad.net/pyreadline |
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54 | .. _pyreadline: https://code.launchpad.net/pyreadline | |
55 |
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55 | |||
56 | These have shown problems: |
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56 | These have shown problems: | |
57 |
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57 | |||
58 | * Windows command prompt in WinXP/2k logged into a Linux machine via |
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58 | * Windows command prompt in WinXP/2k logged into a Linux machine via | |
59 | telnet or ssh. |
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59 | telnet or ssh. | |
60 | * Windows native command prompt in WinXP/2k, without Gary Bishop's |
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60 | * Windows native command prompt in WinXP/2k, without Gary Bishop's | |
61 | extensions. Once Gary's readline library is installed, the normal |
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61 | extensions. Once Gary's readline library is installed, the normal | |
62 | WinXP/2k command prompt works perfectly. |
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62 | WinXP/2k command prompt works perfectly. | |
63 |
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63 | |||
64 | Currently the following color schemes are available: |
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64 | Currently the following color schemes are available: | |
65 |
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65 | |||
66 | * NoColor: uses no color escapes at all (all escapes are empty '' '' |
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66 | * NoColor: uses no color escapes at all (all escapes are empty '' '' | |
67 | strings). This 'scheme' is thus fully safe to use in any terminal. |
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67 | strings). This 'scheme' is thus fully safe to use in any terminal. | |
68 | * Linux: works well in Linux console type environments: dark |
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68 | * Linux: works well in Linux console type environments: dark | |
69 | background with light fonts. It uses bright colors for |
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69 | background with light fonts. It uses bright colors for | |
70 | information, so it is difficult to read if you have a light |
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70 | information, so it is difficult to read if you have a light | |
71 | colored background. |
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71 | colored background. | |
72 | * LightBG: the basic colors are similar to those in the Linux scheme |
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72 | * LightBG: the basic colors are similar to those in the Linux scheme | |
73 | but darker. It is easy to read in terminals with light backgrounds. |
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73 | but darker. It is easy to read in terminals with light backgrounds. | |
74 |
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74 | |||
75 | IPython uses colors for two main groups of things: prompts and |
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75 | IPython uses colors for two main groups of things: prompts and | |
76 | tracebacks which are directly printed to the terminal, and the object |
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76 | tracebacks which are directly printed to the terminal, and the object | |
77 | introspection system which passes large sets of data through a pager. |
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77 | introspection system which passes large sets of data through a pager. | |
78 |
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78 | |||
79 | Input/Output prompts and exception tracebacks |
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79 | Input/Output prompts and exception tracebacks | |
80 | ============================================= |
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80 | ============================================= | |
81 |
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81 | |||
82 | You can test whether the colored prompts and tracebacks work on your |
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82 | You can test whether the colored prompts and tracebacks work on your | |
83 | system interactively by typing '%colors Linux' at the prompt (use |
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83 | system interactively by typing '%colors Linux' at the prompt (use | |
84 | '%colors LightBG' if your terminal has a light background). If the input |
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84 | '%colors LightBG' if your terminal has a light background). If the input | |
85 | prompt shows garbage like:: |
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85 | prompt shows garbage like:: | |
86 |
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86 | |||
87 | [0;32mIn [[1;32m1[0;32m]: [0;00m |
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87 | [0;32mIn [[1;32m1[0;32m]: [0;00m | |
88 |
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88 | |||
89 | instead of (in color) something like:: |
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89 | instead of (in color) something like:: | |
90 |
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90 | |||
91 | In [1]: |
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91 | In [1]: | |
92 |
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92 | |||
93 | this means that your terminal doesn't properly handle color escape |
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93 | this means that your terminal doesn't properly handle color escape | |
94 | sequences. You can go to a 'no color' mode by typing '%colors NoColor'. |
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94 | sequences. You can go to a 'no color' mode by typing '%colors NoColor'. | |
95 |
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95 | |||
96 | You can try using a different terminal emulator program (Emacs users, |
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96 | You can try using a different terminal emulator program (Emacs users, | |
97 | see below). To permanently set your color preferences, edit the file |
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97 | see below). To permanently set your color preferences, edit the file | |
98 | $IPYTHONDIR/ipythonrc and set the colors option to the desired value. |
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98 | $IPYTHONDIR/ipythonrc and set the colors option to the desired value. | |
99 |
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99 | |||
100 |
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100 | |||
101 | Object details (types, docstrings, source code, etc.) |
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101 | Object details (types, docstrings, source code, etc.) | |
102 | ===================================================== |
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102 | ===================================================== | |
103 |
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103 | |||
104 | IPython has a set of special functions for studying the objects you are working |
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104 | IPython has a set of special functions for studying the objects you are working | |
105 | with, discussed in detail :ref:`here <dynamic_object_info>`. But this system |
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105 | with, discussed in detail :ref:`here <dynamic_object_info>`. But this system | |
106 | relies on passing information which is longer than your screen through a data |
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106 | relies on passing information which is longer than your screen through a data | |
107 | pager, such as the common Unix less and more programs. In order to be able to |
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107 | pager, such as the common Unix less and more programs. In order to be able to | |
108 | see this information in color, your pager needs to be properly configured. I |
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108 | see this information in color, your pager needs to be properly configured. I | |
109 | strongly recommend using less instead of more, as it seems that more simply can |
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109 | strongly recommend using less instead of more, as it seems that more simply can | |
110 | not understand colored text correctly. |
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110 | not understand colored text correctly. | |
111 |
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111 | |||
112 | In order to configure less as your default pager, do the following: |
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112 | In order to configure less as your default pager, do the following: | |
113 |
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113 | |||
114 | 1. Set the environment PAGER variable to less. |
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114 | 1. Set the environment PAGER variable to less. | |
115 | 2. Set the environment LESS variable to -r (plus any other options |
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115 | 2. Set the environment LESS variable to -r (plus any other options | |
116 | you always want to pass to less by default). This tells less to |
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116 | you always want to pass to less by default). This tells less to | |
117 | properly interpret control sequences, which is how color |
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117 | properly interpret control sequences, which is how color | |
118 | information is given to your terminal. |
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118 | information is given to your terminal. | |
119 |
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119 | |||
120 | For the bash shell, add to your ~/.bashrc file the lines:: |
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120 | For the bash shell, add to your ~/.bashrc file the lines:: | |
121 |
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121 | |||
122 | export PAGER=less |
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122 | export PAGER=less | |
123 | export LESS=-r |
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123 | export LESS=-r | |
124 |
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124 | |||
125 | For the csh or tcsh shells, add to your ~/.cshrc file the lines:: |
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125 | For the csh or tcsh shells, add to your ~/.cshrc file the lines:: | |
126 |
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126 | |||
127 | setenv PAGER less |
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127 | setenv PAGER less | |
128 | setenv LESS -r |
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128 | setenv LESS -r | |
129 |
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129 | |||
130 | There is similar syntax for other Unix shells, look at your system |
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130 | There is similar syntax for other Unix shells, look at your system | |
131 | documentation for details. |
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131 | documentation for details. | |
132 |
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132 | |||
133 | If you are on a system which lacks proper data pagers (such as Windows), |
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133 | If you are on a system which lacks proper data pagers (such as Windows), | |
134 | IPython will use a very limited builtin pager. |
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134 | IPython will use a very limited builtin pager. | |
135 |
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135 | |||
136 | .. _Prompts: |
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136 | .. _Prompts: | |
137 |
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137 | |||
138 | Fine-tuning your prompt |
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138 | Fine-tuning your prompt | |
139 | ======================= |
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139 | ======================= | |
140 |
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140 | |||
141 | IPython's prompts can be customized using a syntax similar to that of |
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141 | IPython's prompts can be customized using a syntax similar to that of | |
142 | the bash shell. Many of bash's escapes are supported, as well as a few |
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142 | the bash shell. Many of bash's escapes are supported, as well as a few | |
143 | additional ones. We list them below:: |
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143 | additional ones. We list them below:: | |
144 |
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144 | |||
145 | \# |
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145 | \# | |
146 | the prompt/history count number. This escape is automatically |
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146 | the prompt/history count number. This escape is automatically | |
147 | wrapped in the coloring codes for the currently active color scheme. |
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147 | wrapped in the coloring codes for the currently active color scheme. | |
148 | \N |
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148 | \N | |
149 | the 'naked' prompt/history count number: this is just the number |
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149 | the 'naked' prompt/history count number: this is just the number | |
150 | itself, without any coloring applied to it. This lets you produce |
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150 | itself, without any coloring applied to it. This lets you produce | |
151 | numbered prompts with your own colors. |
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151 | numbered prompts with your own colors. | |
152 | \D |
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152 | \D | |
153 | the prompt/history count, with the actual digits replaced by dots. |
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153 | the prompt/history count, with the actual digits replaced by dots. | |
154 | Used mainly in continuation prompts (prompt_in2) |
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154 | Used mainly in continuation prompts (prompt_in2) | |
155 | \w |
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155 | \w | |
156 | the current working directory |
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156 | the current working directory | |
157 | \W |
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157 | \W | |
158 | the basename of current working directory |
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158 | the basename of current working directory | |
159 | \Xn |
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159 | \Xn | |
160 | where $n=0\ldots5.$ The current working directory, with $HOME |
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160 | where $n=0\ldots5.$ The current working directory, with $HOME | |
161 | replaced by ~, and filtered out to contain only $n$ path elements |
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161 | replaced by ~, and filtered out to contain only $n$ path elements | |
162 | \Yn |
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162 | \Yn | |
163 | Similar to \Xn, but with the $n+1$ element included if it is ~ (this |
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163 | Similar to \Xn, but with the $n+1$ element included if it is ~ (this | |
164 | is similar to the behavior of the %cn escapes in tcsh) |
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164 | is similar to the behavior of the %cn escapes in tcsh) | |
165 | \u |
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165 | \u | |
166 | the username of the current user |
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166 | the username of the current user | |
167 | \$ |
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167 | \$ | |
168 | if the effective UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $ |
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168 | if the effective UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $ | |
169 | \h |
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169 | \h | |
170 | the hostname up to the first '.' |
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170 | the hostname up to the first '.' | |
171 | \H |
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171 | \H | |
172 | the hostname |
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172 | the hostname | |
173 | \n |
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173 | \n | |
174 | a newline |
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174 | a newline | |
175 | \r |
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175 | \r | |
176 | a carriage return |
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176 | a carriage return | |
177 | \v |
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177 | \v | |
178 | IPython version string |
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178 | IPython version string | |
179 |
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179 | |||
180 | In addition to these, ANSI color escapes can be insterted into the |
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180 | In addition to these, ANSI color escapes can be insterted into the | |
181 | prompts, as \C_ColorName. The list of valid color names is: Black, Blue, |
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181 | prompts, as \C_ColorName. The list of valid color names is: Black, Blue, | |
182 | Brown, Cyan, DarkGray, Green, LightBlue, LightCyan, LightGray, |
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182 | Brown, Cyan, DarkGray, Green, LightBlue, LightCyan, LightGray, | |
183 | LightGreen, LightPurple, LightRed, NoColor, Normal, Purple, Red, White, |
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183 | LightGreen, LightPurple, LightRed, NoColor, Normal, Purple, Red, White, | |
184 | Yellow. |
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184 | Yellow. | |
185 |
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185 | |||
186 | Finally, IPython supports the evaluation of arbitrary expressions in |
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186 | Finally, IPython supports the evaluation of arbitrary expressions in | |
187 | your prompt string. The prompt strings are evaluated through the syntax |
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187 | your prompt string. The prompt strings are evaluated through the syntax | |
188 | of PEP 215, but basically you can use $x.y to expand the value of x.y, |
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188 | of PEP 215, but basically you can use $x.y to expand the value of x.y, | |
189 | and for more complicated expressions you can use braces: ${foo()+x} will |
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189 | and for more complicated expressions you can use braces: ${foo()+x} will | |
190 | call function foo and add to it the value of x, before putting the |
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190 | call function foo and add to it the value of x, before putting the | |
191 | result into your prompt. For example, using |
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191 | result into your prompt. For example, using | |
192 | prompt_in1 '${commands.getoutput("uptime")}\nIn [\#]: ' |
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192 | prompt_in1 '${commands.getoutput("uptime")}\nIn [\#]: ' | |
193 | will print the result of the uptime command on each prompt (assuming the |
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193 | will print the result of the uptime command on each prompt (assuming the | |
194 | commands module has been imported in your ipythonrc file). |
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194 | commands module has been imported in your ipythonrc file). | |
195 |
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195 | |||
196 |
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196 | |||
197 | Prompt examples |
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197 | Prompt examples | |
198 |
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198 | |||
199 | The following options in an ipythonrc file will give you IPython's |
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199 | The following options in an ipythonrc file will give you IPython's | |
200 | default prompts:: |
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200 | default prompts:: | |
201 |
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201 | |||
202 | prompt_in1 'In [\#]:' |
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202 | prompt_in1 'In [\#]:' | |
203 | prompt_in2 ' .\D.:' |
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203 | prompt_in2 ' .\D.:' | |
204 | prompt_out 'Out[\#]:' |
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204 | prompt_out 'Out[\#]:' | |
205 |
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205 | |||
206 | which look like this:: |
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206 | which look like this:: | |
207 |
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207 | |||
208 | In [1]: 1+2 |
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208 | In [1]: 1+2 | |
209 | Out[1]: 3 |
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209 | Out[1]: 3 | |
210 |
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210 | |||
211 | In [2]: for i in (1,2,3): |
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211 | In [2]: for i in (1,2,3): | |
212 | ...: print i, |
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212 | ...: print i, | |
213 | ...: |
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213 | ...: | |
214 | 1 2 3 |
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214 | 1 2 3 | |
215 |
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215 | |||
216 | These will give you a very colorful prompt with path information:: |
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216 | These will give you a very colorful prompt with path information:: | |
217 |
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217 | |||
218 | #prompt_in1 '\C_Red\u\C_Blue[\C_Cyan\Y1\C_Blue]\C_LightGreen\#>' |
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218 | #prompt_in1 '\C_Red\u\C_Blue[\C_Cyan\Y1\C_Blue]\C_LightGreen\#>' | |
219 | prompt_in2 ' ..\D>' |
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219 | prompt_in2 ' ..\D>' | |
220 | prompt_out '<\#>' |
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220 | prompt_out '<\#>' | |
221 |
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221 | |||
222 | which look like this:: |
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222 | which look like this:: | |
223 |
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223 | |||
224 | fperez[~/ipython]1> 1+2 |
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224 | fperez[~/ipython]1> 1+2 | |
225 | <1> 3 |
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225 | <1> 3 | |
226 | fperez[~/ipython]2> for i in (1,2,3): |
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226 | fperez[~/ipython]2> for i in (1,2,3): | |
227 | ...> print i, |
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227 | ...> print i, | |
228 | ...> |
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228 | ...> | |
229 | 1 2 3 |
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229 | 1 2 3 | |
230 |
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230 | |||
231 |
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231 |
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