Show More
@@ -1,231 +1,231 b'' | |||
|
1 | 1 | .. _initial config: |
|
2 | 2 | |
|
3 | 3 | ============================================================= |
|
4 | 4 | Outdated configuration information that might still be useful |
|
5 | 5 | ============================================================= |
|
6 | 6 | |
|
7 | 7 | .. warning:: |
|
8 | 8 | |
|
9 | 9 | All of the information in this file is outdated. Until the new |
|
10 | 10 | configuration system is better documented, this material is being kept. |
|
11 | 11 | |
|
12 | 12 | This section will help you set various things in your environment for |
|
13 | 13 | your IPython sessions to be as efficient as possible. All of IPython's |
|
14 | 14 | configuration information, along with several example files, is stored |
|
15 | 15 | in a directory named by default $HOME/.config/ipython if $HOME/.config |
|
16 | 16 | exists (Linux), or $HOME/.ipython as a secondary default. You can change this by |
|
17 | 17 | defining the environment variable IPYTHONDIR, or at runtime with the |
|
18 | 18 | command line option -ipythondir. |
|
19 | 19 | |
|
20 | 20 | If all goes well, the first time you run IPython it should automatically create |
|
21 | 21 | a user copy of the config directory for you, based on its builtin defaults. You |
|
22 | 22 | can look at the files it creates to learn more about configuring the |
|
23 | 23 | system. The main file you will modify to configure IPython's behavior is called |
|
24 | 24 | ipythonrc (with a .ini extension under Windows), included for reference |
|
25 | 25 | :ref:`here <ipythonrc>`. This file is very commented and has many variables you |
|
26 | 26 | can change to suit your taste, you can find more details :ref:`here |
|
27 | 27 | <customization>`. Here we discuss the basic things you will want to make sure |
|
28 | 28 | things are working properly from the beginning. |
|
29 | 29 | |
|
30 | 30 | Color |
|
31 | 31 | ===== |
|
32 | 32 | |
|
33 | 33 | The default IPython configuration has most bells and whistles turned on |
|
34 | 34 | (they're pretty safe). But there's one that may cause problems on some |
|
35 | 35 | systems: the use of color on screen for displaying information. This is |
|
36 | 36 | very useful, since IPython can show prompts and exception tracebacks |
|
37 | 37 | with various colors, display syntax-highlighted source code, and in |
|
38 | 38 | general make it easier to visually parse information. |
|
39 | 39 | |
|
40 | 40 | The following terminals seem to handle the color sequences fine: |
|
41 | 41 | |
|
42 | 42 | * Linux main text console, KDE Konsole, Gnome Terminal, E-term, |
|
43 | 43 | rxvt, xterm. |
|
44 | 44 | * CDE terminal (tested under Solaris). This one boldfaces light colors. |
|
45 |
* (X)Emacs buffers. See the |
|
|
45 | * (X)Emacs buffers. See the :ref:`emacs` section for more details on | |
|
46 | 46 | using IPython with (X)Emacs. |
|
47 | 47 | * A Windows (XP/2k) command prompt with pyreadline_. |
|
48 | 48 | * A Windows (XP/2k) CygWin shell. Although some users have reported |
|
49 | 49 | problems; it is not clear whether there is an issue for everyone |
|
50 | 50 | or only under specific configurations. If you have full color |
|
51 | 51 | support under cygwin, please post to the IPython mailing list so |
|
52 | 52 | this issue can be resolved for all users. |
|
53 | 53 | |
|
54 | 54 | .. _pyreadline: https://code.launchpad.net/pyreadline |
|
55 | 55 | |
|
56 | 56 | These have shown problems: |
|
57 | 57 | |
|
58 | 58 | * Windows command prompt in WinXP/2k logged into a Linux machine via |
|
59 | 59 | telnet or ssh. |
|
60 | 60 | * Windows native command prompt in WinXP/2k, without Gary Bishop's |
|
61 | 61 | extensions. Once Gary's readline library is installed, the normal |
|
62 | 62 | WinXP/2k command prompt works perfectly. |
|
63 | 63 | |
|
64 | 64 | Currently the following color schemes are available: |
|
65 | 65 | |
|
66 | 66 | * NoColor: uses no color escapes at all (all escapes are empty '' '' |
|
67 | 67 | strings). This 'scheme' is thus fully safe to use in any terminal. |
|
68 | 68 | * Linux: works well in Linux console type environments: dark |
|
69 | 69 | background with light fonts. It uses bright colors for |
|
70 | 70 | information, so it is difficult to read if you have a light |
|
71 | 71 | colored background. |
|
72 | 72 | * LightBG: the basic colors are similar to those in the Linux scheme |
|
73 | 73 | but darker. It is easy to read in terminals with light backgrounds. |
|
74 | 74 | |
|
75 | 75 | IPython uses colors for two main groups of things: prompts and |
|
76 | 76 | tracebacks which are directly printed to the terminal, and the object |
|
77 | 77 | introspection system which passes large sets of data through a pager. |
|
78 | 78 | |
|
79 | 79 | Input/Output prompts and exception tracebacks |
|
80 | 80 | ============================================= |
|
81 | 81 | |
|
82 | 82 | You can test whether the colored prompts and tracebacks work on your |
|
83 | 83 | system interactively by typing '%colors Linux' at the prompt (use |
|
84 | 84 | '%colors LightBG' if your terminal has a light background). If the input |
|
85 | 85 | prompt shows garbage like:: |
|
86 | 86 | |
|
87 | 87 | [0;32mIn [[1;32m1[0;32m]: [0;00m |
|
88 | 88 | |
|
89 | 89 | instead of (in color) something like:: |
|
90 | 90 | |
|
91 | 91 | In [1]: |
|
92 | 92 | |
|
93 | 93 | this means that your terminal doesn't properly handle color escape |
|
94 | 94 | sequences. You can go to a 'no color' mode by typing '%colors NoColor'. |
|
95 | 95 | |
|
96 | 96 | You can try using a different terminal emulator program (Emacs users, |
|
97 | 97 | see below). To permanently set your color preferences, edit the file |
|
98 | 98 | $IPYTHONDIR/ipythonrc and set the colors option to the desired value. |
|
99 | 99 | |
|
100 | 100 | |
|
101 | 101 | Object details (types, docstrings, source code, etc.) |
|
102 | 102 | ===================================================== |
|
103 | 103 | |
|
104 | 104 | IPython has a set of special functions for studying the objects you are working |
|
105 | 105 | with, discussed in detail :ref:`here <dynamic_object_info>`. But this system |
|
106 | 106 | relies on passing information which is longer than your screen through a data |
|
107 | 107 | pager, such as the common Unix less and more programs. In order to be able to |
|
108 | 108 | see this information in color, your pager needs to be properly configured. I |
|
109 | 109 | strongly recommend using less instead of more, as it seems that more simply can |
|
110 | 110 | not understand colored text correctly. |
|
111 | 111 | |
|
112 | 112 | In order to configure less as your default pager, do the following: |
|
113 | 113 | |
|
114 | 114 | 1. Set the environment PAGER variable to less. |
|
115 | 115 | 2. Set the environment LESS variable to -r (plus any other options |
|
116 | 116 | you always want to pass to less by default). This tells less to |
|
117 | 117 | properly interpret control sequences, which is how color |
|
118 | 118 | information is given to your terminal. |
|
119 | 119 | |
|
120 | 120 | For the bash shell, add to your ~/.bashrc file the lines:: |
|
121 | 121 | |
|
122 | 122 | export PAGER=less |
|
123 | 123 | export LESS=-r |
|
124 | 124 | |
|
125 | 125 | For the csh or tcsh shells, add to your ~/.cshrc file the lines:: |
|
126 | 126 | |
|
127 | 127 | setenv PAGER less |
|
128 | 128 | setenv LESS -r |
|
129 | 129 | |
|
130 | 130 | There is similar syntax for other Unix shells, look at your system |
|
131 | 131 | documentation for details. |
|
132 | 132 | |
|
133 | 133 | If you are on a system which lacks proper data pagers (such as Windows), |
|
134 | 134 | IPython will use a very limited builtin pager. |
|
135 | 135 | |
|
136 | 136 | .. _Prompts: |
|
137 | 137 | |
|
138 | 138 | Fine-tuning your prompt |
|
139 | 139 | ======================= |
|
140 | 140 | |
|
141 | 141 | IPython's prompts can be customized using a syntax similar to that of |
|
142 | 142 | the bash shell. Many of bash's escapes are supported, as well as a few |
|
143 | 143 | additional ones. We list them below:: |
|
144 | 144 | |
|
145 | 145 | \# |
|
146 | 146 | the prompt/history count number. This escape is automatically |
|
147 | 147 | wrapped in the coloring codes for the currently active color scheme. |
|
148 | 148 | \N |
|
149 | 149 | the 'naked' prompt/history count number: this is just the number |
|
150 | 150 | itself, without any coloring applied to it. This lets you produce |
|
151 | 151 | numbered prompts with your own colors. |
|
152 | 152 | \D |
|
153 | 153 | the prompt/history count, with the actual digits replaced by dots. |
|
154 | 154 | Used mainly in continuation prompts (prompt_in2) |
|
155 | 155 | \w |
|
156 | 156 | the current working directory |
|
157 | 157 | \W |
|
158 | 158 | the basename of current working directory |
|
159 | 159 | \Xn |
|
160 | 160 | where $n=0\ldots5.$ The current working directory, with $HOME |
|
161 | 161 | replaced by ~, and filtered out to contain only $n$ path elements |
|
162 | 162 | \Yn |
|
163 | 163 | Similar to \Xn, but with the $n+1$ element included if it is ~ (this |
|
164 | 164 | is similar to the behavior of the %cn escapes in tcsh) |
|
165 | 165 | \u |
|
166 | 166 | the username of the current user |
|
167 | 167 | \$ |
|
168 | 168 | if the effective UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $ |
|
169 | 169 | \h |
|
170 | 170 | the hostname up to the first '.' |
|
171 | 171 | \H |
|
172 | 172 | the hostname |
|
173 | 173 | \n |
|
174 | 174 | a newline |
|
175 | 175 | \r |
|
176 | 176 | a carriage return |
|
177 | 177 | \v |
|
178 | 178 | IPython version string |
|
179 | 179 | |
|
180 | 180 | In addition to these, ANSI color escapes can be insterted into the |
|
181 | 181 | prompts, as \C_ColorName. The list of valid color names is: Black, Blue, |
|
182 | 182 | Brown, Cyan, DarkGray, Green, LightBlue, LightCyan, LightGray, |
|
183 | 183 | LightGreen, LightPurple, LightRed, NoColor, Normal, Purple, Red, White, |
|
184 | 184 | Yellow. |
|
185 | 185 | |
|
186 | 186 | Finally, IPython supports the evaluation of arbitrary expressions in |
|
187 | 187 | your prompt string. The prompt strings are evaluated through the syntax |
|
188 | 188 | of PEP 215, but basically you can use $x.y to expand the value of x.y, |
|
189 | 189 | and for more complicated expressions you can use braces: ${foo()+x} will |
|
190 | 190 | call function foo and add to it the value of x, before putting the |
|
191 | 191 | result into your prompt. For example, using |
|
192 | 192 | prompt_in1 '${commands.getoutput("uptime")}\nIn [\#]: ' |
|
193 | 193 | will print the result of the uptime command on each prompt (assuming the |
|
194 | 194 | commands module has been imported in your ipythonrc file). |
|
195 | 195 | |
|
196 | 196 | |
|
197 | 197 | Prompt examples |
|
198 | 198 | |
|
199 | 199 | The following options in an ipythonrc file will give you IPython's |
|
200 | 200 | default prompts:: |
|
201 | 201 | |
|
202 | 202 | prompt_in1 'In [\#]:' |
|
203 | 203 | prompt_in2 ' .\D.:' |
|
204 | 204 | prompt_out 'Out[\#]:' |
|
205 | 205 | |
|
206 | 206 | which look like this:: |
|
207 | 207 | |
|
208 | 208 | In [1]: 1+2 |
|
209 | 209 | Out[1]: 3 |
|
210 | 210 | |
|
211 | 211 | In [2]: for i in (1,2,3): |
|
212 | 212 | ...: print i, |
|
213 | 213 | ...: |
|
214 | 214 | 1 2 3 |
|
215 | 215 | |
|
216 | 216 | These will give you a very colorful prompt with path information:: |
|
217 | 217 | |
|
218 | 218 | #prompt_in1 '\C_Red\u\C_Blue[\C_Cyan\Y1\C_Blue]\C_LightGreen\#>' |
|
219 | 219 | prompt_in2 ' ..\D>' |
|
220 | 220 | prompt_out '<\#>' |
|
221 | 221 | |
|
222 | 222 | which look like this:: |
|
223 | 223 | |
|
224 | 224 | fperez[~/ipython]1> 1+2 |
|
225 | 225 | <1> 3 |
|
226 | 226 | fperez[~/ipython]2> for i in (1,2,3): |
|
227 | 227 | ...> print i, |
|
228 | 228 | ...> |
|
229 | 229 | 1 2 3 |
|
230 | 230 | |
|
231 | 231 |
General Comments 0
You need to be logged in to leave comments.
Login now