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1 1 {
2 2 "metadata": {
3 3 "name": "01_notebook_introduction"
4 4 },
5 5 "nbformat": 2,
6 6 "worksheets": [
7 7 {
8 8 "cells": [
9 9 {
10 10 "cell_type": "markdown",
11 11 "source": [
12 12 "# An introduction to the IPython notebook",
13 13 "",
14 14 "The IPython web notebook is a frontend that allows for new modes",
15 15 "of interaction with IPython: this web-based interface allows you to execute Python and IPython",
16 16 "commands in each input cell just like you would at the IPython terminal or Qt console, but you can",
17 17 "also save an entire session as a document in a file with the `.ipynb` extension.",
18 18 "",
19 19 "The document you are reading now is precisely an example of one such notebook, and we will show you",
20 20 "here how to best use this new interface.",
21 21 "",
22 22 "The first thing to understand is that a notebook consists of a sequence of 'cells' that can contain ",
23 23 "either text (such as this one) or code meant for execution (such as the next one):",
24 24 "",
25 25 "* Text cells can be written using [Markdown syntax](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax) ",
26 26 "(in a future release we will also provide support for reStructuredText and Sphinx integration, and we ",
27 27 "welcome help from interested contributors to make that happen).",
28 28 "",
29 29 "* Code cells take IPython input (i.e. Python code, `%magics`, `!system calls`, etc) like IPython at",
30 30 "the terminal or at the Qt Console. The only difference is that in order to execute a cell, you *must*",
31 31 "use `Shift-Enter`, as pressing `Enter` will add a new line of text to the cell. When you type ",
32 32 "`Shift-Enter`, the cell content is executed, output displayed and a new cell is created below. Try",
33 33 "it now by putting your cursor on the next cell and typing `Shift-Enter`:"
34 34 ]
35 35 },
36 36 {
37 37 "cell_type": "code",
38 38 "collapsed": false,
39 39 "input": [
40 40 "\"This is the new IPython notebook\""
41 41 ],
42 42 "language": "python",
43 43 "outputs": [
44 44 {
45 45 "output_type": "pyout",
46 46 "prompt_number": 4,
47 47 "text": [
48 48 "'This is the new IPython notebook'"
49 49 ]
50 50 }
51 51 ],
52 52 "prompt_number": 4
53 53 },
54 54 {
55 55 "cell_type": "markdown",
56 56 "source": [
57 57 "You can re-execute the same cell over and over as many times as you want. Simply put your",
58 58 "cursor in the cell again, edit at will, and type `Shift-Enter` to execute. ",
59 59 "",
60 60 "**Tip:** A cell can also be executed",
61 61 "*in-place*, where IPython executes its content but leaves the cursor in the same cell. This is done by",
62 62 "typing `Ctrl-Enter` instead, and is useful if you want to quickly run a command to check something ",
63 63 "before tping the real content you want to leave in the cell. For example, in the next cell, try issuing",
64 64 "several system commands in-place with `Ctrl-Enter`, such as `pwd` and then `ls`:"
65 65 ]
66 66 },
67 67 {
68 68 "cell_type": "code",
69 69 "collapsed": false,
70 70 "input": [
71 71 "ls"
72 72 ],
73 73 "language": "python",
74 74 "outputs": [
75 75 {
76 76 "output_type": "stream",
77 77 "stream": "stdout",
78 78 "text": [
79 79 "00_notebook_tour.ipynb formatting.ipynb sympy_quantum_computing.ipynb",
80 80 "01_notebook_introduction.ipynb python-logo.svg trapezoid_rule.ipynb",
81 81 "display_protocol.ipynb sympy.ipynb"
82 82 ]
83 83 }
84 84 ],
85 85 "prompt_number": 3
86 86 },
87 87 {
88 88 "cell_type": "markdown",
89 89 "source": [
90 90 "In a cell, you can type anything from a single python expression to an arbitrarily long amount of code ",
91 91 "(although for reasons of readability, you should probably limit this to a few dozen lines):"
92 92 ]
93 93 },
94 94 {
95 95 "cell_type": "code",
96 96 "collapsed": false,
97 97 "input": [
98 98 "def f(x):",
99 99 " \"\"\"My function",
100 100 " x : parameter\"\"\"",
101 101 " ",
102 102 " return x+1",
103 103 "",
104 104 "print \"f(3) = \", f(3)"
105 105 ],
106 106 "language": "python",
107 107 "outputs": [
108 108 {
109 109 "output_type": "stream",
110 110 "stream": "stdout",
111 111 "text": [
112 112 "f(3) = 4"
113 113 ]
114 114 }
115 115 ],
116 116 "prompt_number": 11
117 117 },
118 118 {
119 119 "cell_type": "markdown",
120 120 "source": [
121 121 "## User interface",
122 122 "",
123 123 "When you start a new notebook server with `ipytyhon notebook`, your",
124 124 "browser should open into the *Dashboard*, a page listing all notebooks",
125 125 "available in the current directory as well as letting you create new",
126 126 "notebooks. In this page, you can also drag and drop existing `.py` files",
127 127 "over the file list to import them as notebooks (see the manual for ",
128 128 "[further details on how these files are ",
129 129 "interpreted](http://ipython.org/ipython-doc/stable/interactive/htmlnotebook.html)).",
130 130 "",
131 131 "Once you open an existing notebook (like this one) or create a new one,",
132 132 "you are in the main notebook interface, which consists of a main editing",
133 133 "area (where these cells are contained) as well as a collapsible left panel, ",
134 134 "a permanent header area at the top, and a pager that rises from the",
135 135 "bottom when needed and can be collapsed again."
136 136 ]
137 137 },
138 138 {
139 139 "cell_type": "markdown",
140 140 "source": [
141 141 "### Main editing area",
142 142 "",
143 143 "Here, you can move with the arrow keys or using the ",
144 144 "scroll bars. The cursor enters code cells immediately, but only selects",
145 145 "text (markdown) cells without entering in them; to enter a text cell,",
146 146 "use `Enter`, and `Shift-Enter` to exit it again (just like to execute a ",
147 147 "code cell)."
148 148 ]
149 149 },
150 150 {
151 151 "cell_type": "markdown",
152 152 "source": [
153 153 "### Left panel",
154 154 "",
155 155 "This panel contains a number of panes that can be",
156 156 "collapsed vertically by clicking on their title bar, and the whole panel",
157 157 "can also be collapsed by clicking on the vertical divider (note that you",
158 158 "can not *drag* the divider, for now you can only click on it).",
159 159 "",
160 160 "The *Notebook* section contains actions that pertain to the whole notebook,",
161 161 "such as downloading the current notebook either in its original format",
162 162 "or as a `.py` script, and printing it. When you click the `Print` button,",
163 163 "a new HTML page opens with a static copy of the notebook; you can then",
164 164 "use your web browser's mechanisms to save or print this file.",
165 165 "",
166 166 "The *Cell* section lets you manipulate individual cells, and the names should ",
167 167 "be fairly self-explanatory.",
168 168 "",
169 169 "The *Kernel* section lets you signal the kernel executing your code. ",
170 170 "`Interrupt` does the equivalent of hitting `Ctrl-C` at a terminal, and",
171 171 "`Restart` fully kills the kernel process and starts a fresh one. Obviously",
172 172 "this means that all your previous variables are destroyed, but it also",
173 173 "makes it easy to get a fresh kernel in which to re-execute a notebook, perhaps",
174 174 "after changing an extension module for which Python's `reload` mechanism",
175 175 "does not work. If you check the 'Kill kernel upon exit' box, when you ",
176 176 "close the page IPython will automatically shut down the running kernel;",
177 177 "otherwise the kernels won't close until you stop the whole ",
178 178 "",
179 179 "The *Help* section contains links to the documentation of some projects",
180 180 "closely related to IPython as well as the minimal keybindings you need to",
181 181 "know. But you should use `Ctrl-m h` (or click the `QuickHelp` button at",
182 182 "the top) and learn some of the other keybindings, as it will make your ",
183 183 "workflow much more fluid and efficient.",
184 184 "",
185 185 "The *Configuration* section at the bottom lets you change some values",
186 186 "related to the display of tooltips and the behavior of the tab completer."
187 187 ]
188 188 },
189 189 {
190 190 "cell_type": "markdown",
191 191 "source": [
192 192 "### Header bar",
193 193 "",
194 194 "The header area at the top allows you to rename an existing ",
195 195 "notebook and open up a short help tooltip. This area also indicates",
196 196 "with a red **Busy** mark on the right whenever the kernel is busy executing",
197 197 "code."
198 198 ]
199 199 },
200 200 {
201 201 "cell_type": "markdown",
202 202 "source": [
203 203 "### The pager at the bottom",
204 204 "",
205 205 "Whenever IPython needs to display additional ",
206 206 "information, such as when you type `somefunction?` in a cell, the notebook",
207 207 "opens a pane at the bottom where this information is shown. You can keep",
208 208 "this pager pane open for reference (it doesn't block input in the main area)",
209 209 "or dismiss it by clicking on its divider bar."
210 210 ]
211 211 },
212 212 {
213 213 "cell_type": "markdown",
214 214 "source": [
215 215 "### Tab completion and tooltips",
216 216 "",
217 217 "The notebook uses the same underlying machinery for tab completion that ",
218 218 "IPython uses at the terminal, but displays the information differently.",
219 219 "Whey you complete with the `Tab` key, IPython shows a drop list with all",
220 220 "available completions. If you type more characters while this list is open,",
221 221 "IPython automatically eliminates from the list options that don't match the",
222 222 "new characters; once there is only one option left you can hit `Tab` once",
223 223 "more (or `Enter`) to complete. You can also select the completion you",
224 224 "want with the arrow keys or the mouse, and then hit `Enter`.",
225 225 "",
226 226 "In addition, if you hit `Tab` inside of open parentheses, IPython will ",
227 227 "search for the docstring of the last object left of the parens and will",
228 228 "display it on a tooltip. For example, type `list(<TAB>` and you will",
229 229 "see the docstring for the builtin `list` constructor:"
230 230 ]
231 231 },
232 232 {
233 233 "cell_type": "code",
234 234 "collapsed": true,
235 235 "input": [
236 236 "# Position your cursor after the ( and hit the Tab key:",
237 237 "list("
238 238 ],
239 239 "language": "python",
240 240 "outputs": [],
241 241 "prompt_number": "&nbsp;"
242 242 },
243 243 {
244 244 "cell_type": "markdown",
245 245 "source": [
246 246 "## The frontend/kernel model",
247 247 "",
248 248 "The IPython notebook works on a client/server model where an *IPython kernel*",
249 249 "starts in a separate process and acts as a server to executes the code you type,",
250 250 "while the web browser provides acts as a client, providing a front end environment",
251 251 "for you to type. But one kernel is capable of simultaneously talking to more than",
252 252 "one client, and they do not all need to be of the same kind. All IPython frontends",
253 253 "are capable of communicating with a kernel, and any number of them can be active",
254 254 "at the same time. In addition to allowing you to have, for example, more than one",
255 255 "browser session active, this lets you connect clients with different user interface features.",
256 256 "",
257 257 "For example, you may want to connect a Qt console to your kernel and use it as a help",
258 258 "browser, calling `??` on objects in the Qt console (whose pager is more flexible than the",
259 259 "one in the notebook). You can start a new Qt console connected to your current kernel by ",
260 260 "using the `%qtconsole` magic, this will automatically detect the necessary connection",
261 261 "information.",
262 262 "",
263 263 "If you want to open one manually, or want to open a text console from a terminal, you can ",
264 264 "get your kernel's connection information with the `%connect_info` magic:"
265 265 ]
266 266 },
267 267 {
268 268 "cell_type": "code",
269 269 "collapsed": false,
270 270 "input": [
271 271 "%connect_info"
272 272 ],
273 273 "language": "python",
274 274 "outputs": [
275 275 {
276 276 "output_type": "stream",
277 277 "stream": "stdout",
278 278 "text": [
279 279 "{",
280 280 " &quot;stdin_port&quot;: 39725, ",
281 281 " &quot;ip&quot;: &quot;127.0.0.1&quot;, ",
282 282 " &quot;hb_port&quot;: 52883, ",
283 283 " &quot;key&quot;: &quot;e7b658da-b60b-42f6-b6b0-5098f5d2e533&quot;, ",
284 284 " &quot;shell_port&quot;: 51742, ",
285 285 " &quot;iopub_port&quot;: 41869",
286 286 "}",
287 287 "",
288 288 "Paste the above JSON into a file, and connect with:",
289 289 " $&gt; ipython &lt;app&gt; --existing &lt;file&gt;",
290 290 "or, if you are local, you can connect with just:",
291 291 " $&gt; ipython &lt;app&gt; --existing kernel-faac4917-d0e0-467a-8467-d3c4d86a3ecc.json ",
292 292 "or even just:",
293 293 " $&gt; ipython &lt;app&gt; --existing ",
294 294 "if this is the most recent IPython session you have started."
295 295 ]
296 296 }
297 297 ],
298 298 "prompt_number": 8
299 299 },
300 300 {
301 301 "cell_type": "markdown",
302 302 "source": [
303 303 "## The kernel's `raw_input` and `%debug`",
304 304 "",
305 305 "The one feature the notebook currently doesn't support as a client is the ability to send data to the kerne's",
306 306 "standard input socket. That is, if the kernel requires information to be typed interactively by calling the",
307 307 "builtin `raw_input` function, the notebook will be blocked. This happens for example if you run a script",
308 308 "that queries interactively for parameters, and very importantly, is how the interactive IPython debugger that ",
309 309 "activates when you type `%debug` works.",
310 310 "",
311 311 "So, in order to be able to use `%debug` or anything else that requires `raw_input`, you can either use a Qt ",
312 312 "console or a terminal console:",
313 313 "",
314 314 "- From the notebook, typing `%qtconsole` finds all the necessary connection data for you.",
315 315 "- From the terminal, first type `%connect_info` while still in the notebook, and then copy and paste the ",
316 316 "resulting information, using `qtconsole` or `console` depending on which type of client you want."
317 317 ]
318 318 },
319 319 {
320 320 "cell_type": "markdown",
321 321 "source": [
322 322 "## Display of complex objects",
323 323 "",
324 324 "As the 'tour' notebook shows, the IPython notebook has fairly sophisticated display capabilities. In addition",
325 325 "to the examples there, you can study the `display_protocol` notebook in this same examples folder, to ",
326 326 "learn how to customize arbitrary objects (in your own code or external libraries) to display in the notebook",
327 327 "in any way you want, including graphical forms or mathematical expressions."
328 328 ]
329 329 },
330 330 {
331 331 "cell_type": "markdown",
332 332 "source": [
333 333 "## Plotting support",
334 334 "",
335 335 "As we've explained already, the notebook is just another frontend talking to the same IPython kernel that",
336 336 "you're already familiar with, so the same options for plotting support apply.",
337 337 "",
338 338 "If you start the notebook with `--pylab`, you will get matplotlib's floating, interactive windows and you",
339 339 "can call the `display` function to paste figures into the notebook document. If you start it with ",
340 340 "`--pylab inline`, all plots will appear inline automatically. In this regard, the notebook works identically",
341 341 "to the Qt console.",
342 342 "",
343 343 "Note that if you start the notebook server with pylab support, *all* kernels are automatically started in",
344 344 "pylab mode and with the same choice of backend (i.e. floating windows or inline figures). But you can also",
345 345 "start the notebook server simply by typing `ipython notebook`, and then selectively turn on pylab support ",
346 346 "only for the notebooks you want by using the `%pylab` magic (see its docstring for details)."
347 347 ]
348 348 },
349 349 {
350 350 "cell_type": "code",
351 351 "collapsed": false,
352 352 "input": [
353 353 "%pylab inline",
354 354 "plot(rand(100))"
355 355 ],
356 356 "language": "python",
357 357 "outputs": [
358 358 {
359 359 "output_type": "stream",
360 360 "stream": "stdout",
361 361 "text": [
362 362 "",
363 363 "Welcome to pylab, a matplotlib-based Python environment [backend: module://IPython.zmq.pylab.backend_inline].",
364 364 "For more information, type &apos;help(pylab)&apos;."
365 365 ]
366 366 },
367 367 {
368 368 "output_type": "pyout",
369 369 "prompt_number": 12,
370 370 "text": [
371 371 "[&lt;matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x43a2890&gt;]"
372 372 ]
373 373 },
374 374 {
375 375 "output_type": "display_data",
376 376 "png": 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VuTa33grccQe50Tc18dvh7sMqBF9SEk9lVT8FrzMPPlc8eK8g68gIuf7Fxfwn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\nWXuGgto0Y8fyPy8Kgn/nHf57cSj4zZu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377 377 }
378 378 ],
379 379 "prompt_number": 12
380 380 },
381 381 {
382 382 "cell_type": "markdown",
383 383 "source": [
384 384 "## Security",
385 385 "",
386 386 "By default the notebook only listens on localhost, so it does not expose your computer to attacks coming from",
387 "the internet. But the basic notebook does not require any authentication, so if you are in a multiuser",
388 "computer where others can see local ports you should at least protect the notebook with a password.",
387 "the internet. By default the notebook does not require any authentication, but you can configure it to",
388 "ask for a password before allowing access to the files. ",
389 389 "",
390 390 "Furthermore, you can require the notebook to encrypt all communications by using SSL and making all connections",
391 391 "using the https protocol instead of plain http. This is a good idea if you decide to run your notebook on",
392 392 "addresses that are visible from the internet. For further details on how to configure this, see the",
393 393 "[security section](http://ipython.org/ipython-doc/stable/interactive/htmlnotebook.html#security) of the ",
394 394 "manual.",
395 395 "",
396 396 "Finally, note that you can also run a notebook with the `--read-only` flag, which lets you provide access",
397 397 "to your notebook documents to others without letting them execute code (which can be useful to broadcast",
398 398 "a computation to colleagues or students, for example). The read-only flag behaves differently depending",
399 399 "on whether the server has a password or not:",
400 400 "",
401 401 "- Passwordless server: users directly see all notebooks in read-only mode.",
402 402 "- Password-protected server: users can see all notebooks in read-only mode, but a login button is available",
403 403 "and once a user authenticates, he or she obtains write/execute privileges.",
404 404 "",
405 405 "The first case above makes it easy to broadcast on the fly an existing notebook by simply starting a *second* ",
406 406 "notebook server in the same directory as the first, but in read-only mode. This can be done without having",
407 407 "to configure a password first (which requires calling a hashing function and editing a configuration file)."
408 408 ]
409 409 },
410 410 {
411 411 "cell_type": "code",
412 412 "collapsed": true,
413 413 "input": [],
414 414 "language": "python",
415 415 "outputs": [],
416 416 "prompt_number": "&nbsp;"
417 417 }
418 418 ]
419 419 }
420 420 ]
421 421 } No newline at end of file
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