Tweak tests for PyPy and add CI runner

* `autoreload` tests are skipped on PyPy because `gc.get_referrers` is unusably slow here
* `doctest_refs` does not seem to test anything and was removed
* pexpect timeouts were adjusted because subprocess communication is 3-4 times slower on PyPy
* few other tweaks

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -1,60 +1,70 b''
 name: Run tests
 
 on:
   push:
   pull_request:
   # Run weekly on Monday at 1:23 UTC
   schedule:
   - cron:  '23 1 * * 1'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
         python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
         deps: [test_extra]
         # Test all on ubuntu, test ends on macos
         include:
           - os: macos-latest
             python-version: "3.8"
             deps: test_extra
           - os: macos-latest
             python-version: "3.10"
             deps: test_extra
           # Tests minimal dependencies set
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             python-version: "3.10"
             deps: test
           # Tests latest development Python version
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             python-version: "3.11-dev"
             deps: test
+          # Installing optional dependencies stuff takes ages on PyPy
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            python-version: "pypy-3.8"
+            deps: test
+          - os: windows-latest
+            python-version: "pypy-3.8"
+            deps: test
+          - os: macos-latest
+            python-version: "pypy-3.8"
+            deps: test
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v2
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
       uses: actions/setup-python@v2
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Install latex
       if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.deps == 'test_extra'
       run: sudo apt-get -yq -o Acquire::Retries=3 --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install texlive dvipng
     - name: Install and update Python dependencies
       run: |
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
         python -m pip install --upgrade -e .[${{ matrix.deps }}]
         python -m pip install --upgrade check-manifest pytest-cov
     - name: Check manifest
       if: runner.os != 'Windows'  # setup.py does not support sdist on Windows
       run: check-manifest
     - name: pytest
       env:
         COLUMNS: 120
       run: |
         pytest --color=yes -raXxs --cov --cov-report=xml
     - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
       uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2

IPython/core/tests/test_async_helpers.py

@@ -1,315 +1,316 b''
 """
 Test for async helpers.
 
 Should only trigger on python 3.5+ or will have syntax errors.
 """
+import platform
 from itertools import chain, repeat
 from textwrap import dedent, indent
 from unittest import TestCase
 from IPython.testing.decorators import skip_without
 import sys
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from IPython import get_ipython
 
     ip = get_ipython()
 
 
 iprc = lambda x: ip.run_cell(dedent(x)).raise_error()
 iprc_nr = lambda x: ip.run_cell(dedent(x))
 
 from IPython.core.async_helpers import _should_be_async
 
 class AsyncTest(TestCase):
     def test_should_be_async(self):
         self.assertFalse(_should_be_async("False"))
         self.assertTrue(_should_be_async("await bar()"))
         self.assertTrue(_should_be_async("x = await bar()"))
         self.assertFalse(
             _should_be_async(
                 dedent(
                     """
             async def awaitable():
                 pass
         """
                 )
             )
         )
 
     def _get_top_level_cases(self):
         # These are test cases that should be valid in a function
         # but invalid outside of a function.
         test_cases = []
         test_cases.append(('basic', "{val}"))
 
         # Note, in all conditional cases, I use True instead of
         # False so that the peephole optimizer won't optimize away
         # the return, so CPython will see this as a syntax error:
         #
         # while True:
         #    break
         #    return
         #
         # But not this:
         #
         # while False:
         #    return
         #
         # See https://bugs.python.org/issue1875
 
         test_cases.append(('if', dedent("""
         if True:
             {val}
         """)))
 
         test_cases.append(('while', dedent("""
         while True:
             {val}
             break
         """)))
 
         test_cases.append(('try', dedent("""
         try:
             {val}
         except:
             pass
         """)))
 
         test_cases.append(('except', dedent("""
         try:
             pass
         except:
             {val}
         """)))
 
         test_cases.append(('finally', dedent("""
         try:
             pass
         except:
             pass
         finally:
             {val}
         """)))
 
         test_cases.append(('for', dedent("""
         for _ in range(4):
             {val}
         """)))
 
 
         test_cases.append(('nested', dedent("""
         if True:
             while True:
                 {val}
                 break
         """)))
 
         test_cases.append(('deep-nested', dedent("""
         if True:
             while True:
                 break
                 for x in range(3):
                     if True:
                         while True:
                             for x in range(3):
                                 {val}
         """)))
 
         return test_cases
 
     def _get_ry_syntax_errors(self):
         # This is a mix of tests that should be a syntax error if
         # return or yield whether or not they are in a function
 
         test_cases = []
 
         test_cases.append(('class', dedent("""
         class V:
             {val}
         """)))
 
         test_cases.append(('nested-class', dedent("""
         class V:
             class C:
                 {val}
         """)))
 
         return test_cases
 
 
     def test_top_level_return_error(self):
         tl_err_test_cases = self._get_top_level_cases()
         tl_err_test_cases.extend(self._get_ry_syntax_errors())
 
         vals = ('return', 'yield', 'yield from (_ for _ in range(3))',
                 dedent('''
                     def f():
                         pass
                     return
                     '''),
                 )
 
         for test_name, test_case in tl_err_test_cases:
             # This example should work if 'pass' is used as the value
             with self.subTest((test_name, 'pass')):
                 iprc(test_case.format(val='pass'))
 
             # It should fail with all the values
             for val in vals:
                 with self.subTest((test_name, val)):
                     msg = "Syntax error not raised for %s, %s" % (test_name, val)
                     with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, msg=msg):
                         iprc(test_case.format(val=val))
 
     def test_in_func_no_error(self):
         # Test that the implementation of top-level return/yield
         # detection isn't *too* aggressive, and works inside a function
         func_contexts = []
 
         func_contexts.append(('func', False, dedent("""
         def f():""")))
 
         func_contexts.append(('method', False, dedent("""
         class MyClass:
             def __init__(self):
         """)))
 
         func_contexts.append(('async-func', True,  dedent("""
         async def f():""")))
 
         func_contexts.append(('async-method', True,  dedent("""
         class MyClass:
             async def f(self):""")))
 
         func_contexts.append(('closure', False, dedent("""
         def f():
             def g():
         """)))
 
         def nest_case(context, case):
             # Detect indentation
             lines = context.strip().splitlines()
             prefix_len = 0
             for c in lines[-1]:
                 if c != ' ':
                     break
                 prefix_len += 1
 
             indented_case = indent(case, ' ' * (prefix_len + 4))
             return context + '\n' + indented_case
 
         # Gather and run the tests
 
         # yield is allowed in async functions, starting in Python 3.6,
         # and yield from is not allowed in any version
         vals = ('return', 'yield', 'yield from (_ for _ in range(3))')
 
         success_tests = zip(self._get_top_level_cases(), repeat(False))
         failure_tests = zip(self._get_ry_syntax_errors(), repeat(True))
 
         tests = chain(success_tests, failure_tests)
 
         for context_name, async_func, context in func_contexts:
             for (test_name, test_case), should_fail in tests:
                 nested_case = nest_case(context, test_case)
 
                 for val in vals:
                     test_id = (context_name, test_name, val)
                     cell = nested_case.format(val=val)
 
                     with self.subTest(test_id):
                         if should_fail:
                             msg = ("SyntaxError not raised for %s" %
                                     str(test_id))
                             with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, msg=msg):
                                 iprc(cell)
 
                                 print(cell)
                         else:
                             iprc(cell)
 
     def test_nonlocal(self):
         # fails if outer scope is not a function scope or if var not defined
         with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
             iprc("nonlocal x")
             iprc("""
             x = 1
             def f():
                 nonlocal x
                 x = 10000
                 yield x
             """)
             iprc("""
             def f():
                 def g():
                     nonlocal x
                     x = 10000
                     yield x
             """)
 
         # works if outer scope is a function scope and var exists
         iprc("""
         def f():
             x = 20
             def g():
                 nonlocal x
                 x = 10000
                 yield x
         """)
 
 
     def test_execute(self):
         iprc("""
         import asyncio
         await asyncio.sleep(0.001)
         """
         )
 
     def test_autoawait(self):
         iprc("%autoawait False")
         iprc("%autoawait True")
         iprc("""
         from asyncio import sleep
         await sleep(0.1)
         """
         )
 
-    if sys.version_info < (3,9):
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 9) and platform.python_implementation() != "PyPy":
         # new pgen parser in 3.9 does not raise MemoryError on too many nested
         # parens anymore
         def test_memory_error(self):
             with self.assertRaises(MemoryError):
                 iprc("(" * 200 + ")" * 200)
 
     @skip_without('curio')
     def test_autoawait_curio(self):
         iprc("%autoawait curio")
 
     @skip_without('trio')
     def test_autoawait_trio(self):
         iprc("%autoawait trio")
 
     @skip_without('trio')
     def test_autoawait_trio_wrong_sleep(self):
         iprc("%autoawait trio")
         res = iprc_nr("""
         import asyncio
         await asyncio.sleep(0)
         """)
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             res.raise_error()
 
     @skip_without('trio')
     def test_autoawait_asyncio_wrong_sleep(self):
         iprc("%autoawait asyncio")
         res = iprc_nr("""
         import trio
         await trio.sleep(0)
         """)
         with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
             res.raise_error()
 
 
     def tearDown(self):
         ip.loop_runner = "asyncio"

IPython/core/tests/test_debugger.py

@@ -1,559 +1,563 b''
 """Tests for debugging machinery.
 """
 
 # Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 
 import bdb
 import builtins
 import os
 import sys
 
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
 from textwrap import dedent
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 from IPython.core import debugger
 from IPython.testing import IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
 from IPython.testing.decorators import skip_win32
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Helper classes, from CPython's Pdb test suite
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class _FakeInput(object):
     """
     A fake input stream for pdb's interactive debugger.  Whenever a
     line is read, print it (to simulate the user typing it), and then
     return it.  The set of lines to return is specified in the
     constructor; they should not have trailing newlines.
     """
     def __init__(self, lines):
         self.lines = iter(lines)
 
     def readline(self):
         line = next(self.lines)
         print(line)
         return line+'\n'
 
 class PdbTestInput(object):
     """Context manager that makes testing Pdb in doctests easier."""
 
     def __init__(self, input):
         self.input = input
 
     def __enter__(self):
         self.real_stdin = sys.stdin
         sys.stdin = _FakeInput(self.input)
 
     def __exit__(self, *exc):
         sys.stdin = self.real_stdin
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Tests
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def test_ipdb_magics():
     '''Test calling some IPython magics from ipdb.
 
     First, set up some test functions and classes which we can inspect.
 
     >>> class ExampleClass(object):
     ...    """Docstring for ExampleClass."""
     ...    def __init__(self):
     ...        """Docstring for ExampleClass.__init__"""
     ...        pass
     ...    def __str__(self):
     ...        return "ExampleClass()"
 
     >>> def example_function(x, y, z="hello"):
     ...     """Docstring for example_function."""
     ...     pass
 
     >>> old_trace = sys.gettrace()
 
     Create a function which triggers ipdb.
 
     >>> def trigger_ipdb():
     ...    a = ExampleClass()
     ...    debugger.Pdb().set_trace()
 
     >>> with PdbTestInput([
     ...    'pdef example_function',
     ...    'pdoc ExampleClass',
     ...    'up',
     ...    'down',
     ...    'list',
     ...    'pinfo a',
     ...    'll',
     ...    'continue',
     ... ]):
     ...     trigger_ipdb()
     --Return--
     None
     > <doctest ...>(3)trigger_ipdb()
           1 def trigger_ipdb():
           2    a = ExampleClass()
     ----> 3    debugger.Pdb().set_trace()
     <BLANKLINE>
     ipdb> pdef example_function
      example_function(x, y, z='hello')
      ipdb> pdoc ExampleClass
     Class docstring:
         Docstring for ExampleClass.
     Init docstring:
         Docstring for ExampleClass.__init__
     ipdb> up
     > <doctest ...>(11)<module>()
           7    'pinfo a',
           8    'll',
           9    'continue',
          10 ]):
     ---> 11     trigger_ipdb()
     <BLANKLINE>
     ipdb> down
     None
     > <doctest ...>(3)trigger_ipdb()
           1 def trigger_ipdb():
           2    a = ExampleClass()
     ----> 3    debugger.Pdb().set_trace()
     <BLANKLINE>
     ipdb> list
           1 def trigger_ipdb():
           2    a = ExampleClass()
     ----> 3    debugger.Pdb().set_trace()
     <BLANKLINE>
     ipdb> pinfo a
     Type:           ExampleClass
     String form:    ExampleClass()
     Namespace:      Local...
     Docstring:      Docstring for ExampleClass.
     Init docstring: Docstring for ExampleClass.__init__
     ipdb> ll
           1 def trigger_ipdb():
           2    a = ExampleClass()
     ----> 3    debugger.Pdb().set_trace()
     <BLANKLINE>
     ipdb> continue
     
     Restore previous trace function, e.g. for coverage.py    
     
     >>> sys.settrace(old_trace)
     '''
 
 def test_ipdb_magics2():
     '''Test ipdb with a very short function.
     
     >>> old_trace = sys.gettrace()
 
     >>> def bar():
     ...     pass
 
     Run ipdb.
 
     >>> with PdbTestInput([
     ...    'continue',
     ... ]):
     ...     debugger.Pdb().runcall(bar)
     > <doctest ...>(2)bar()
           1 def bar():
     ----> 2    pass
     <BLANKLINE>
     ipdb> continue
     
     Restore previous trace function, e.g. for coverage.py    
     
     >>> sys.settrace(old_trace)
     '''
 
 def can_quit():
     '''Test that quit work in ipydb
 
     >>> old_trace = sys.gettrace()
 
     >>> def bar():
     ...     pass
 
     >>> with PdbTestInput([
     ...    'quit',
     ... ]):
     ...     debugger.Pdb().runcall(bar)
     > <doctest ...>(2)bar()
             1 def bar():
     ----> 2    pass
     <BLANKLINE>
     ipdb> quit
 
     Restore previous trace function, e.g. for coverage.py
 
     >>> sys.settrace(old_trace)
     '''
 
 
 def can_exit():
     '''Test that quit work in ipydb
 
     >>> old_trace = sys.gettrace()
 
     >>> def bar():
     ...     pass
 
     >>> with PdbTestInput([
     ...    'exit',
     ... ]):
     ...     debugger.Pdb().runcall(bar)
     > <doctest ...>(2)bar()
             1 def bar():
     ----> 2    pass
     <BLANKLINE>
     ipdb> exit
 
     Restore previous trace function, e.g. for coverage.py
 
     >>> sys.settrace(old_trace)
     '''
 
 
 def test_interruptible_core_debugger():
     """The debugger can be interrupted.
 
     The presumption is there is some mechanism that causes a KeyboardInterrupt
     (this is implemented in ipykernel).  We want to ensure the
     KeyboardInterrupt cause debugging to cease.
     """
     def raising_input(msg="", called=[0]):
         called[0] += 1
         assert called[0] == 1, "input() should only be called once!"
         raise KeyboardInterrupt()
 
     tracer_orig = sys.gettrace()
     try:
         with patch.object(builtins, "input", raising_input):
             debugger.InterruptiblePdb().set_trace()
             # The way this test will fail is by set_trace() never exiting,
             # resulting in a timeout by the test runner. The alternative
             # implementation would involve a subprocess, but that adds issues
             # with interrupting subprocesses that are rather complex, so it's
             # simpler just to do it this way.
     finally:
         # restore the original trace function
         sys.settrace(tracer_orig)
 
 
 @skip_win32
 def test_xmode_skip():
     """that xmode skip frames
 
     Not as a doctest as pytest does not run doctests.
     """
     import pexpect
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env["IPY_TEST_SIMPLE_PROMPT"] = "1"
 
     child = pexpect.spawn(
         sys.executable, ["-m", "IPython", "--colors=nocolor"], env=env
     )
     child.timeout = 15 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
 
     child.expect("IPython")
     child.expect("\n")
     child.expect_exact("In [1]")
 
     block = dedent(
         """
     def f():
         __tracebackhide__ = True
         g()
 
     def g():
         raise ValueError
 
     f()
     """
     )
 
     for line in block.splitlines():
         child.sendline(line)
         child.expect_exact(line)
     child.expect_exact("skipping")
 
     block = dedent(
         """
     def f():
         __tracebackhide__ = True
         g()
 
     def g():
         from IPython.core.debugger import set_trace
         set_trace()
 
     f()
     """
     )
 
     for line in block.splitlines():
         child.sendline(line)
         child.expect_exact(line)
 
     child.expect("ipdb>")
     child.sendline("w")
     child.expect("hidden")
     child.expect("ipdb>")
     child.sendline("skip_hidden false")
     child.sendline("w")
     child.expect("__traceba")
     child.expect("ipdb>")
 
     child.close()
 
 
 skip_decorators_blocks = (
     """
     def helpers_helper():
         pass # should not stop here except breakpoint
     """,
     """
     def helper_1():
         helpers_helper() # should not stop here
     """,
     """
     def helper_2():
         pass # should not stop here
     """,
     """
     def pdb_skipped_decorator2(function):
         def wrapped_fn(*args, **kwargs):
             __debuggerskip__ = True
             helper_2()
             __debuggerskip__ = False
             result = function(*args, **kwargs)
             __debuggerskip__ = True
             helper_2()
             return result
         return wrapped_fn
     """,
     """
     def pdb_skipped_decorator(function):
         def wrapped_fn(*args, **kwargs):
             __debuggerskip__ = True
             helper_1()
             __debuggerskip__ = False
             result = function(*args, **kwargs)
             __debuggerskip__ = True
             helper_2()
             return result
         return wrapped_fn
     """,
     """
     @pdb_skipped_decorator
     @pdb_skipped_decorator2
     def bar(x, y):
         return x * y
     """,
     """import IPython.terminal.debugger as ipdb""",
     """
     def f():
         ipdb.set_trace()
         bar(3, 4)
     """,
     """
     f()
     """,
 )
 
 
 def _decorator_skip_setup():
     import pexpect
 
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env["IPY_TEST_SIMPLE_PROMPT"] = "1"
 
     child = pexpect.spawn(
         sys.executable, ["-m", "IPython", "--colors=nocolor"], env=env
     )
-    child.timeout = 5 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
+    child.timeout = 15 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
 
     child.expect("IPython")
     child.expect("\n")
 
+    child.timeout = 5 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
+
     dedented_blocks = [dedent(b).strip() for b in skip_decorators_blocks]
     in_prompt_number = 1
     for cblock in dedented_blocks:
         child.expect_exact(f"In [{in_prompt_number}]:")
         in_prompt_number += 1
         for line in cblock.splitlines():
             child.sendline(line)
             child.expect_exact(line)
         child.sendline("")
     return child
 
 
 @skip_win32
 def test_decorator_skip():
     """test that decorator frames can be skipped."""
 
     child = _decorator_skip_setup()
 
     child.expect_exact("3     bar(3, 4)")
     child.expect("ipdb>")
 
     child.expect("ipdb>")
     child.sendline("step")
     child.expect_exact("step")
 
     child.expect_exact("1 @pdb_skipped_decorator")
 
     child.sendline("s")
     child.expect_exact("return x * y")
 
     child.close()
 
 
 @skip_win32
 def test_decorator_skip_disabled():
     """test that decorator frame skipping can be disabled"""
 
     child = _decorator_skip_setup()
 
     child.expect_exact("3     bar(3, 4)")
 
     for input_, expected in [
         ("skip_predicates debuggerskip False", ""),
         ("skip_predicates", "debuggerskip : False"),
         ("step", "---> 2     def wrapped_fn"),
         ("step", "----> 3         __debuggerskip__"),
         ("step", "----> 4         helper_1()"),
         ("step", "---> 1 def helper_1():"),
         ("next", "----> 2     helpers_helper()"),
         ("next", "--Return--"),
         ("next", "----> 5         __debuggerskip__ = False"),
     ]:
         child.expect("ipdb>")
         child.sendline(input_)
         child.expect_exact(input_)
         child.expect_exact(expected)
 
     child.close()
 
 
 @skip_win32
 def test_decorator_skip_with_breakpoint():
     """test that decorator frame skipping can be disabled"""
 
     import pexpect
 
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env["IPY_TEST_SIMPLE_PROMPT"] = "1"
 
     child = pexpect.spawn(
         sys.executable, ["-m", "IPython", "--colors=nocolor"], env=env
     )
-    child.timeout = 5 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
+    child.timeout = 15 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
 
     child.expect("IPython")
     child.expect("\n")
 
+    child.timeout = 5 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
+
     ### we need a filename, so we need to exec the full block with a filename
     with NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".py", dir=".", delete=True) as tf:
 
         name = tf.name[:-3].split("/")[-1]
         tf.write("\n".join([dedent(x) for x in skip_decorators_blocks[:-1]]).encode())
         tf.flush()
         codeblock = f"from {name} import f"
 
         dedented_blocks = [
             codeblock,
             "f()",
         ]
 
         in_prompt_number = 1
         for cblock in dedented_blocks:
             child.expect_exact(f"In [{in_prompt_number}]:")
             in_prompt_number += 1
             for line in cblock.splitlines():
                 child.sendline(line)
                 child.expect_exact(line)
             child.sendline("")
 
         # as the filename does not exists, we'll rely on the filename prompt
         child.expect_exact("47     bar(3, 4)")
 
         for input_, expected in [
             (f"b {name}.py:3", ""),
             ("step", "1---> 3     pass # should not stop here except"),
             ("step", "---> 38 @pdb_skipped_decorator"),
             ("continue", ""),
         ]:
             child.expect("ipdb>")
             child.sendline(input_)
             child.expect_exact(input_)
             child.expect_exact(expected)
 
     child.close()
 
 
 @skip_win32
 def test_where_erase_value():
     """Test that `where` does not access f_locals and erase values."""
     import pexpect
 
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env["IPY_TEST_SIMPLE_PROMPT"] = "1"
 
     child = pexpect.spawn(
         sys.executable, ["-m", "IPython", "--colors=nocolor"], env=env
     )
     child.timeout = 15 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
 
     child.expect("IPython")
     child.expect("\n")
     child.expect_exact("In [1]")
 
     block = dedent(
         """
     def simple_f():
          myvar = 1
          print(myvar)
          1/0
          print(myvar)
     simple_f()    """
     )
 
     for line in block.splitlines():
         child.sendline(line)
         child.expect_exact(line)
     child.expect_exact("ZeroDivisionError")
     child.expect_exact("In [2]:")
 
     child.sendline("%debug")
 
     ##
     child.expect("ipdb>")
 
     child.sendline("myvar")
     child.expect("1")
 
     ##
     child.expect("ipdb>")
 
     child.sendline("myvar = 2")
 
     ##
     child.expect_exact("ipdb>")
 
     child.sendline("myvar")
 
     child.expect_exact("2")
 
     ##
     child.expect("ipdb>")
     child.sendline("where")
 
     ##
     child.expect("ipdb>")
     child.sendline("myvar")
 
     child.expect_exact("2")
     child.expect("ipdb>")
 
     child.close()

IPython/core/tests/test_magic.py

@@ -1,1358 +1,1360 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Tests for various magic functions."""
 
 import asyncio
+import gc
 import io
 import os
 import re
 import shlex
 import sys
 import warnings
 from importlib import invalidate_caches
 from io import StringIO
 from pathlib import Path
 from textwrap import dedent
 from unittest import TestCase, mock
 
 import pytest
 
 from IPython import get_ipython
 from IPython.core import magic
 from IPython.core.error import UsageError
 from IPython.core.magic import (
     Magics,
     cell_magic,
     line_magic,
     magics_class,
     register_cell_magic,
     register_line_magic,
 )
 from IPython.core.magics import code, execution, logging, osm, script
 from IPython.testing import decorators as dec
 from IPython.testing import tools as tt
 from IPython.utils.io import capture_output
 from IPython.utils.process import find_cmd
 from IPython.utils.tempdir import TemporaryDirectory, TemporaryWorkingDirectory
 
 from .test_debugger import PdbTestInput
 
 
 @magic.magics_class
 class DummyMagics(magic.Magics): pass
 
 def test_extract_code_ranges():
     instr = "1 3 5-6 7-9 10:15 17: :10 10- -13 :"
     expected = [
         (0, 1),
         (2, 3),
         (4, 6),
         (6, 9),
         (9, 14),
         (16, None),
         (None, 9),
         (9, None),
         (None, 13),
         (None, None),
     ]
     actual = list(code.extract_code_ranges(instr))
     assert actual == expected
 
 def test_extract_symbols():
     source = """import foo\na = 10\ndef b():\n    return 42\n\n\nclass A: pass\n\n\n"""
     symbols_args = ["a", "b", "A", "A,b", "A,a", "z"]
     expected = [([], ['a']),
                 (["def b():\n    return 42\n"], []),
                 (["class A: pass\n"], []),
                 (["class A: pass\n", "def b():\n    return 42\n"], []),
                 (["class A: pass\n"], ['a']),
                 ([], ['z'])]
     for symbols, exp in zip(symbols_args, expected):
         assert code.extract_symbols(source, symbols) == exp
 
 
 def test_extract_symbols_raises_exception_with_non_python_code():
     source = ("=begin A Ruby program :)=end\n"
               "def hello\n"
               "puts 'Hello world'\n"
               "end")
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
         code.extract_symbols(source, "hello")
 
 
 def test_magic_not_found():
     # magic not found raises UsageError
     with pytest.raises(UsageError):
         _ip.magic('doesntexist')
 
     # ensure result isn't success when a magic isn't found
     result = _ip.run_cell('%doesntexist')
     assert isinstance(result.error_in_exec, UsageError)
 
 
 def test_cell_magic_not_found():
     # magic not found raises UsageError
     with pytest.raises(UsageError):
         _ip.run_cell_magic('doesntexist', 'line', 'cell')
 
     # ensure result isn't success when a magic isn't found
     result = _ip.run_cell('%%doesntexist')
     assert isinstance(result.error_in_exec, UsageError)
 
 
 def test_magic_error_status():
     def fail(shell):
         1/0
     _ip.register_magic_function(fail)
     result = _ip.run_cell('%fail')
     assert isinstance(result.error_in_exec, ZeroDivisionError)
 
 
 def test_config():
     """ test that config magic does not raise
     can happen if Configurable init is moved too early into
     Magics.__init__ as then a Config object will be registered as a
     magic.
     """
     ## should not raise.
     _ip.magic('config')
 
 def test_config_available_configs():
     """ test that config magic prints available configs in unique and
     sorted order. """
     with capture_output() as captured:
         _ip.magic('config')
 
     stdout = captured.stdout
     config_classes = stdout.strip().split('\n')[1:]
     assert config_classes == sorted(set(config_classes))
 
 def test_config_print_class():
     """ test that config with a classname prints the class's options. """
     with capture_output() as captured:
         _ip.magic('config TerminalInteractiveShell')
 
     stdout = captured.stdout
     assert re.match(
         "TerminalInteractiveShell.* options", stdout.splitlines()[0]
     ), f"{stdout}\n\n1st line of stdout not like 'TerminalInteractiveShell.* options'"
 
 
 def test_rehashx():
     # clear up everything
     _ip.alias_manager.clear_aliases()
     del _ip.db['syscmdlist']
 
     _ip.magic('rehashx')
     # Practically ALL ipython development systems will have more than 10 aliases
 
     assert len(_ip.alias_manager.aliases) > 10
     for name, cmd in _ip.alias_manager.aliases:
         # we must strip dots from alias names
         assert "." not in name
 
     # rehashx must fill up syscmdlist
     scoms = _ip.db['syscmdlist']
     assert len(scoms) > 10
 
 
 def test_magic_parse_options():
     """Test that we don't mangle paths when parsing magic options."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     path = 'c:\\x'
     m = DummyMagics(ip)
     opts = m.parse_options('-f %s' % path,'f:')[0]
     # argv splitting is os-dependent
     if os.name == 'posix':
         expected = 'c:x'
     else:
         expected = path
     assert opts["f"] == expected
 
 
 def test_magic_parse_long_options():
     """Magic.parse_options can handle --foo=bar long options"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     m = DummyMagics(ip)
     opts, _ = m.parse_options("--foo --bar=bubble", "a", "foo", "bar=")
     assert "foo" in opts
     assert "bar" in opts
     assert opts["bar"] == "bubble"
 
 
 def doctest_hist_f():
     """Test %hist -f with temporary filename.
 
     In [9]: import tempfile
 
     In [10]: tfile = tempfile.mktemp('.py','tmp-ipython-')
 
     In [11]: %hist -nl -f $tfile 3
 
     In [13]: import os; os.unlink(tfile)
     """
 
 
 def doctest_hist_op():
     """Test %hist -op
 
     In [1]: class b(float):
        ...:     pass
        ...:
 
     In [2]: class s(object):
        ...:     def __str__(self):
        ...:         return 's'
        ...:
 
     In [3]:
 
     In [4]: class r(b):
        ...:     def __repr__(self):
        ...:         return 'r'
        ...:
 
     In [5]: class sr(s,r): pass
        ...:
 
     In [6]:
 
     In [7]: bb=b()
 
     In [8]: ss=s()
 
     In [9]: rr=r()
 
     In [10]: ssrr=sr()
 
     In [11]: 4.5
     Out[11]: 4.5
 
     In [12]: str(ss)
     Out[12]: 's'
 
     In [13]:
 
     In [14]: %hist -op
     >>> class b:
     ...     pass
     ...
     >>> class s(b):
     ...     def __str__(self):
     ...         return 's'
     ...
     >>>
     >>> class r(b):
     ...     def __repr__(self):
     ...         return 'r'
     ...
     >>> class sr(s,r): pass
     >>>
     >>> bb=b()
     >>> ss=s()
     >>> rr=r()
     >>> ssrr=sr()
     >>> 4.5
     4.5
     >>> str(ss)
     's'
     >>>
     """
 
 def test_hist_pof():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell("1+2", store_history=True)
     #raise Exception(ip.history_manager.session_number)
     #raise Exception(list(ip.history_manager._get_range_session()))
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         tf = os.path.join(td, 'hist.py')
         ip.run_line_magic('history', '-pof %s' % tf)
         assert os.path.isfile(tf)
 
 
 def test_macro():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.history_manager.reset()   # Clear any existing history.
     cmds = ["a=1", "def b():\n  return a**2", "print(a,b())"]
     for i, cmd in enumerate(cmds, start=1):
         ip.history_manager.store_inputs(i, cmd)
     ip.magic("macro test 1-3")
     assert ip.user_ns["test"].value == "\n".join(cmds) + "\n"
 
     # List macros
     assert "test" in ip.magic("macro")
 
 
 def test_macro_run():
     """Test that we can run a multi-line macro successfully."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.history_manager.reset()
     cmds = ["a=10", "a+=1", "print(a)", "%macro test 2-3"]
     for cmd in cmds:
         ip.run_cell(cmd, store_history=True)
     assert ip.user_ns["test"].value == "a+=1\nprint(a)\n"
     with tt.AssertPrints("12"):
         ip.run_cell("test")
     with tt.AssertPrints("13"):
         ip.run_cell("test")
 
 
 def test_magic_magic():
     """Test %magic"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with capture_output() as captured:
         ip.magic("magic")
 
     stdout = captured.stdout
     assert "%magic" in stdout
     assert "IPython" in stdout
     assert "Available" in stdout
 
 
 @dec.skipif_not_numpy
 def test_numpy_reset_array_undec():
     "Test '%reset array' functionality"
     _ip.ex("import numpy as np")
     _ip.ex("a = np.empty(2)")
     assert "a" in _ip.user_ns
     _ip.magic("reset -f array")
     assert "a" not in _ip.user_ns
 
 
 def test_reset_out():
     "Test '%reset out' magic"
     _ip.run_cell("parrot = 'dead'", store_history=True)
     # test '%reset -f out', make an Out prompt
     _ip.run_cell("parrot", store_history=True)
     assert "dead" in [_ip.user_ns[x] for x in ("_", "__", "___")]
     _ip.magic("reset -f out")
     assert "dead" not in [_ip.user_ns[x] for x in ("_", "__", "___")]
     assert len(_ip.user_ns["Out"]) == 0
 
 
 def test_reset_in():
     "Test '%reset in' magic"
     # test '%reset -f in'
     _ip.run_cell("parrot", store_history=True)
     assert "parrot" in [_ip.user_ns[x] for x in ("_i", "_ii", "_iii")]
     _ip.magic("%reset -f in")
     assert "parrot" not in [_ip.user_ns[x] for x in ("_i", "_ii", "_iii")]
     assert len(set(_ip.user_ns["In"])) == 1
 
 
 def test_reset_dhist():
     "Test '%reset dhist' magic"
     _ip.run_cell("tmp = [d for d in _dh]")  # copy before clearing
     _ip.magic("cd " + os.path.dirname(pytest.__file__))
     _ip.magic("cd -")
     assert len(_ip.user_ns["_dh"]) > 0
     _ip.magic("reset -f dhist")
     assert len(_ip.user_ns["_dh"]) == 0
     _ip.run_cell("_dh = [d for d in tmp]")  # restore
 
 
 def test_reset_in_length():
     "Test that '%reset in' preserves In[] length"
     _ip.run_cell("print 'foo'")
     _ip.run_cell("reset -f in")
     assert len(_ip.user_ns["In"]) == _ip.displayhook.prompt_count + 1
 
 
 class TestResetErrors(TestCase):
 
     def test_reset_redefine(self):
 
         @magics_class
         class KernelMagics(Magics):
               @line_magic
               def less(self, shell): pass
 
         _ip.register_magics(KernelMagics)
 
         with self.assertLogs() as cm:
             # hack, we want to just capture logs, but assertLogs fails if not
             # logs get produce.
             # so log one things we ignore.
             import logging as log_mod
             log = log_mod.getLogger()
             log.info('Nothing')
             # end hack.
             _ip.run_cell("reset -f")
 
         assert len(cm.output) == 1
         for out in cm.output:
             assert "Invalid alias" not in out
 
 def test_tb_syntaxerror():
     """test %tb after a SyntaxError"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell("for")
 
     # trap and validate stdout
     save_stdout = sys.stdout
     try:
         sys.stdout = StringIO()
         ip.run_cell("%tb")
         out = sys.stdout.getvalue()
     finally:
         sys.stdout = save_stdout
     # trim output, and only check the last line
     last_line = out.rstrip().splitlines()[-1].strip()
     assert last_line == "SyntaxError: invalid syntax"
 
 
 def test_time():
     ip = get_ipython()
 
     with tt.AssertPrints("Wall time: "):
         ip.run_cell("%time None")
 
     ip.run_cell("def f(kmjy):\n"
                 "    %time print (2*kmjy)")
 
     with tt.AssertPrints("Wall time: "):
         with tt.AssertPrints("hihi", suppress=False):
             ip.run_cell("f('hi')")
 
 def test_time_last_not_expression():
     ip.run_cell("%%time\n"
                 "var_1 = 1\n"
                 "var_2 = 2\n")
     assert ip.user_ns['var_1'] == 1
     del ip.user_ns['var_1']
     assert ip.user_ns['var_2'] == 2
     del ip.user_ns['var_2']
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 def test_time2():
     ip = get_ipython()
 
     with tt.AssertPrints("CPU times: user "):
         ip.run_cell("%time None")
 
 def test_time3():
     """Erroneous magic function calls, issue gh-3334"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.user_ns.pop('run', None)
 
     with tt.AssertNotPrints("not found", channel='stderr'):
         ip.run_cell("%%time\n"
                     "run = 0\n"
                     "run += 1")
 
 def test_multiline_time():
     """Make sure last statement from time return a value."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.user_ns.pop('run', None)
 
     ip.run_cell(dedent("""\
         %%time
         a = "ho"
         b = "hey"
         a+b
         """
         )
     )
     assert ip.user_ns_hidden["_"] == "hohey"
 
 
 def test_time_local_ns():
     """
     Test that local_ns is actually global_ns when running a cell magic
     """
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell("%%time\n" "myvar = 1")
     assert ip.user_ns["myvar"] == 1
     del ip.user_ns["myvar"]
 
 
 def test_doctest_mode():
     "Toggle doctest_mode twice, it should be a no-op and run without error"
     _ip.magic('doctest_mode')
     _ip.magic('doctest_mode')
 
 
 def test_parse_options():
     """Tests for basic options parsing in magics."""
     # These are only the most minimal of tests, more should be added later.  At
     # the very least we check that basic text/unicode calls work OK.
     m = DummyMagics(_ip)
     assert m.parse_options("foo", "")[1] == "foo"
     assert m.parse_options("foo", "")[1] == "foo"
 
 
 def test_parse_options_preserve_non_option_string():
     """Test to assert preservation of non-option part of magic-block, while parsing magic options."""
     m = DummyMagics(_ip)
     opts, stmt = m.parse_options(
         " -n1  -r 13 _ = 314 + foo", "n:r:", preserve_non_opts=True
     )
     assert opts == {"n": "1", "r": "13"}
     assert stmt == "_ = 314 + foo"
 
 
 def test_run_magic_preserve_code_block():
     """Test to assert preservation of non-option part of magic-block, while running magic."""
     _ip.user_ns["spaces"] = []
     _ip.magic("timeit -n1 -r1 spaces.append([s.count(' ') for s in ['document']])")
     assert _ip.user_ns["spaces"] == [[0]]
 
 
 def test_dirops():
     """Test various directory handling operations."""
     # curpath = lambda :os.path.splitdrive(os.getcwd())[1].replace('\\','/')
     curpath = os.getcwd
     startdir = os.getcwd()
     ipdir = os.path.realpath(_ip.ipython_dir)
     try:
         _ip.magic('cd "%s"' % ipdir)
         assert curpath() == ipdir
         _ip.magic('cd -')
         assert curpath() == startdir
         _ip.magic('pushd "%s"' % ipdir)
         assert curpath() == ipdir
         _ip.magic('popd')
         assert curpath() == startdir
     finally:
         os.chdir(startdir)
 
 
 def test_cd_force_quiet():
     """Test OSMagics.cd_force_quiet option"""
     _ip.config.OSMagics.cd_force_quiet = True
     osmagics = osm.OSMagics(shell=_ip)
 
     startdir = os.getcwd()
     ipdir = os.path.realpath(_ip.ipython_dir)
 
     try:
         with tt.AssertNotPrints(ipdir):
             osmagics.cd('"%s"' % ipdir)
         with tt.AssertNotPrints(startdir):
             osmagics.cd('-')
     finally:
         os.chdir(startdir)
 
 
 def test_xmode():
     # Calling xmode three times should be a no-op
     xmode = _ip.InteractiveTB.mode
     for i in range(4):
         _ip.magic("xmode")
     assert _ip.InteractiveTB.mode == xmode
 
 def test_reset_hard():
     monitor = []
     class A(object):
         def __del__(self):
             monitor.append(1)
         def __repr__(self):
             return "<A instance>"
 
     _ip.user_ns["a"] = A()
     _ip.run_cell("a")
 
     assert monitor == []
     _ip.magic("reset -f")
     assert monitor == [1]
 
 class TestXdel(tt.TempFileMixin):
     def test_xdel(self):
         """Test that references from %run are cleared by xdel."""
         src = ("class A(object):\n"
                "    monitor = []\n"
                "    def __del__(self):\n"
                "        self.monitor.append(1)\n"
                "a = A()\n")
         self.mktmp(src)
         # %run creates some hidden references...
         _ip.magic("run %s" % self.fname)
         # ... as does the displayhook.
         _ip.run_cell("a")
 
         monitor = _ip.user_ns["A"].monitor
         assert monitor == []
 
         _ip.magic("xdel a")
 
         # Check that a's __del__ method has been called.
+        gc.collect(0)
         assert monitor == [1]
 
 def doctest_who():
     """doctest for %who
 
     In [1]: %reset -sf
 
     In [2]: alpha = 123
 
     In [3]: beta = 'beta'
 
     In [4]: %who int
     alpha
 
     In [5]: %who str
     beta
 
     In [6]: %whos
     Variable   Type    Data/Info
     ----------------------------
     alpha      int     123
     beta       str     beta
 
     In [7]: %who_ls
     Out[7]: ['alpha', 'beta']
     """
 
 def test_whos():
     """Check that whos is protected against objects where repr() fails."""
     class A(object):
         def __repr__(self):
             raise Exception()
     _ip.user_ns['a'] = A()
     _ip.magic("whos")
 
 def doctest_precision():
     """doctest for %precision
 
     In [1]: f = get_ipython().display_formatter.formatters['text/plain']
 
     In [2]: %precision 5
     Out[2]: '%.5f'
 
     In [3]: f.float_format
     Out[3]: '%.5f'
 
     In [4]: %precision %e
     Out[4]: '%e'
 
     In [5]: f(3.1415927)
     Out[5]: '3.141593e+00'
     """
 
 def test_debug_magic():
     """Test debugging a small code with %debug
 
     In [1]: with PdbTestInput(['c']):
        ...:     %debug print("a b") #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
        ...:
     ...
     ipdb> c
     a b
     In [2]:
     """
 
 def test_psearch():
     with tt.AssertPrints("dict.fromkeys"):
         _ip.run_cell("dict.fr*?")
     with tt.AssertPrints("π.is_integer"):
         _ip.run_cell("π = 3.14;\nπ.is_integ*?")
 
 def test_timeit_shlex():
     """test shlex issues with timeit (#1109)"""
     _ip.ex("def f(*a,**kw): pass")
     _ip.magic('timeit -n1 "this is a bug".count(" ")')
     _ip.magic('timeit -r1 -n1 f(" ", 1)')
     _ip.magic('timeit -r1 -n1 f(" ", 1, " ", 2, " ")')
     _ip.magic('timeit -r1 -n1 ("a " + "b")')
     _ip.magic('timeit -r1 -n1 f("a " + "b")')
     _ip.magic('timeit -r1 -n1 f("a " + "b ")')
 
 
 def test_timeit_special_syntax():
     "Test %%timeit with IPython special syntax"
     @register_line_magic
     def lmagic(line):
         ip = get_ipython()
         ip.user_ns['lmagic_out'] = line
 
     # line mode test
     _ip.run_line_magic("timeit", "-n1 -r1 %lmagic my line")
     assert _ip.user_ns["lmagic_out"] == "my line"
     # cell mode test
     _ip.run_cell_magic("timeit", "-n1 -r1", "%lmagic my line2")
     assert _ip.user_ns["lmagic_out"] == "my line2"
 
 
 def test_timeit_return():
     """
     test whether timeit -o return object
     """
 
     res = _ip.run_line_magic('timeit','-n10 -r10 -o 1')
     assert(res is not None)
 
 def test_timeit_quiet():
     """
     test quiet option of timeit magic
     """
     with tt.AssertNotPrints("loops"):
         _ip.run_cell("%timeit -n1 -r1 -q 1")
 
 def test_timeit_return_quiet():
     with tt.AssertNotPrints("loops"):
         res = _ip.run_line_magic('timeit', '-n1 -r1 -q -o 1')
     assert (res is not None)
 
 def test_timeit_invalid_return():
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
         _ip.run_line_magic('timeit', 'return')
 
 @dec.skipif(execution.profile is None)
 def test_prun_special_syntax():
     "Test %%prun with IPython special syntax"
     @register_line_magic
     def lmagic(line):
         ip = get_ipython()
         ip.user_ns['lmagic_out'] = line
 
     # line mode test
     _ip.run_line_magic("prun", "-q %lmagic my line")
     assert _ip.user_ns["lmagic_out"] == "my line"
     # cell mode test
     _ip.run_cell_magic("prun", "-q", "%lmagic my line2")
     assert _ip.user_ns["lmagic_out"] == "my line2"
 
 
 @dec.skipif(execution.profile is None)
 def test_prun_quotes():
     "Test that prun does not clobber string escapes (GH #1302)"
     _ip.magic(r"prun -q x = '\t'")
     assert _ip.user_ns["x"] == "\t"
 
 
 def test_extension():
     # Debugging information for failures of this test
     print('sys.path:')
     for p in sys.path:
         print(' ', p)
     print('CWD', os.getcwd())
 
     pytest.raises(ImportError, _ip.magic, "load_ext daft_extension")
     daft_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "daft_extension")
     sys.path.insert(0, daft_path)
     try:
         _ip.user_ns.pop('arq', None)
         invalidate_caches()   # Clear import caches
         _ip.magic("load_ext daft_extension")
         assert _ip.user_ns["arq"] == 185
         _ip.magic("unload_ext daft_extension")
         assert 'arq' not in _ip.user_ns
     finally:
         sys.path.remove(daft_path)
 
 
 def test_notebook_export_json():
     pytest.importorskip("nbformat")
     _ip = get_ipython()
     _ip.history_manager.reset()   # Clear any existing history.
     cmds = ["a=1", "def b():\n  return a**2", "print('noël, été', b())"]
     for i, cmd in enumerate(cmds, start=1):
         _ip.history_manager.store_inputs(i, cmd)
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         outfile = os.path.join(td, "nb.ipynb")
         _ip.magic("notebook %s" % outfile)
 
 
 class TestEnv(TestCase):
 
     def test_env(self):
         env = _ip.magic("env")
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(env, dict))
 
     def test_env_secret(self):
         env = _ip.magic("env")
         hidden = "<hidden>"
         with mock.patch.dict(
             os.environ,
             {
                 "API_KEY": "abc123",
                 "SECRET_THING": "ssshhh",
                 "JUPYTER_TOKEN": "",
                 "VAR": "abc"
             }
         ):
             env = _ip.magic("env")
         assert env["API_KEY"] == hidden
         assert env["SECRET_THING"] == hidden
         assert env["JUPYTER_TOKEN"] == hidden
         assert env["VAR"] == "abc"
 
     def test_env_get_set_simple(self):
         env = _ip.magic("env var val1")
         self.assertEqual(env, None)
         self.assertEqual(os.environ['var'], 'val1')
         self.assertEqual(_ip.magic("env var"), 'val1')
         env = _ip.magic("env var=val2")
         self.assertEqual(env, None)
         self.assertEqual(os.environ['var'], 'val2')
 
     def test_env_get_set_complex(self):
         env = _ip.magic("env var 'val1 '' 'val2")
         self.assertEqual(env, None)
         self.assertEqual(os.environ['var'], "'val1 '' 'val2")
         self.assertEqual(_ip.magic("env var"), "'val1 '' 'val2")
         env = _ip.magic('env var=val2 val3="val4')
         self.assertEqual(env, None)
         self.assertEqual(os.environ['var'], 'val2 val3="val4')
 
     def test_env_set_bad_input(self):
         self.assertRaises(UsageError, lambda: _ip.magic("set_env var"))
 
     def test_env_set_whitespace(self):
         self.assertRaises(UsageError, lambda: _ip.magic("env var A=B"))
 
 
 class CellMagicTestCase(TestCase):
 
     def check_ident(self, magic):
         # Manually called, we get the result
         out = _ip.run_cell_magic(magic, "a", "b")
         assert out == ("a", "b")
         # Via run_cell, it goes into the user's namespace via displayhook
         _ip.run_cell("%%" + magic + " c\nd\n")
         assert _ip.user_ns["_"] == ("c", "d\n")
 
     def test_cell_magic_func_deco(self):
         "Cell magic using simple decorator"
         @register_cell_magic
         def cellm(line, cell):
             return line, cell
 
         self.check_ident('cellm')
 
     def test_cell_magic_reg(self):
         "Cell magic manually registered"
         def cellm(line, cell):
             return line, cell
 
         _ip.register_magic_function(cellm, 'cell', 'cellm2')
         self.check_ident('cellm2')
 
     def test_cell_magic_class(self):
         "Cell magics declared via a class"
         @magics_class
         class MyMagics(Magics):
 
             @cell_magic
             def cellm3(self, line, cell):
                 return line, cell
 
         _ip.register_magics(MyMagics)
         self.check_ident('cellm3')
 
     def test_cell_magic_class2(self):
         "Cell magics declared via a class, #2"
         @magics_class
         class MyMagics2(Magics):
 
             @cell_magic('cellm4')
             def cellm33(self, line, cell):
                 return line, cell
 
         _ip.register_magics(MyMagics2)
         self.check_ident('cellm4')
         # Check that nothing is registered as 'cellm33'
         c33 = _ip.find_cell_magic('cellm33')
         assert c33 == None
 
 def test_file():
     """Basic %%writefile"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, 'file1')
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line2" in s
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 def test_file_single_quote():
     """Basic %%writefile with embedded single quotes"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, '\'file1\'')
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line2" in s
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 def test_file_double_quote():
     """Basic %%writefile with embedded double quotes"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, '"file1"')
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line2" in s
 
 
 def test_file_var_expand():
     """%%writefile $filename"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, 'file1')
         ip.user_ns['filename'] = fname
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", '$filename', u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line2" in s
 
 
 def test_file_unicode():
     """%%writefile with unicode cell"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, 'file1')
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", fname, u'\n'.join([
             u'liné1',
             u'liné2',
         ]))
         with io.open(fname, encoding='utf-8') as f:
             s = f.read()
         assert "liné1\n" in s
         assert "liné2" in s
 
 
 def test_file_amend():
     """%%writefile -a amends files"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, 'file2')
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", "-a %s" % fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line3',
             'line4',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line3\n" in s
 
 
 def test_file_spaces():
     """%%file with spaces in filename"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryWorkingDirectory() as td:
         fname = "file name"
         ip.run_cell_magic("file", '"%s"'%fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line2" in s
 
 
 def test_script_config():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.config.ScriptMagics.script_magics = ['whoda']
     sm = script.ScriptMagics(shell=ip)
     assert "whoda" in sm.magics["cell"]
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def event_loop():
     policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
     loop = policy.new_event_loop()
     policy.set_event_loop(loop)
     yield loop
     loop.close()
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
     sys.platform == "win32", reason="This test does not run under Windows"
 )
 def test_script_out(event_loop):
     assert event_loop.is_running() is False
 
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic("script", "--out output sh", "echo 'hi'")
     assert event_loop.is_running() is False
     assert ip.user_ns["output"] == "hi\n"
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
     sys.platform == "win32", reason="This test does not run under Windows"
 )
 def test_script_err(event_loop):
     ip = get_ipython()
     assert event_loop.is_running() is False
     ip.run_cell_magic("script", "--err error sh", "echo 'hello' >&2")
     assert event_loop.is_running() is False
     assert ip.user_ns["error"] == "hello\n"
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
     sys.platform == "win32", reason="This test does not run under Windows"
 )
 def test_script_out_err():
 
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic(
         "script", "--out output --err error sh", "echo 'hi'\necho 'hello' >&2"
     )
     assert ip.user_ns["output"] == "hi\n"
     assert ip.user_ns["error"] == "hello\n"
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
     sys.platform == "win32", reason="This test does not run under Windows"
 )
 async def test_script_bg_out(event_loop):
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic("script", "--bg --out output sh", "echo 'hi'")
     assert (await ip.user_ns["output"].read()) == b"hi\n"
     ip.user_ns["output"].close()
     event_loop.stop()
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
     sys.platform == "win32", reason="This test does not run under Windows"
 )
 async def test_script_bg_err():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic("script", "--bg --err error sh", "echo 'hello' >&2")
     assert (await ip.user_ns["error"].read()) == b"hello\n"
     ip.user_ns["error"].close()
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
     sys.platform == "win32", reason="This test does not run under Windows"
 )
 async def test_script_bg_out_err():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic(
         "script", "--bg --out output --err error sh", "echo 'hi'\necho 'hello' >&2"
     )
     assert (await ip.user_ns["output"].read()) == b"hi\n"
     assert (await ip.user_ns["error"].read()) == b"hello\n"
     ip.user_ns["output"].close()
     ip.user_ns["error"].close()
 
 
 def test_script_defaults():
     ip = get_ipython()
     for cmd in ['sh', 'bash', 'perl', 'ruby']:
         try:
             find_cmd(cmd)
         except Exception:
             pass
         else:
             assert cmd in ip.magics_manager.magics["cell"]
 
 
 @magics_class
 class FooFoo(Magics):
     """class with both %foo and %%foo magics"""
     @line_magic('foo')
     def line_foo(self, line):
         "I am line foo"
         pass
 
     @cell_magic("foo")
     def cell_foo(self, line, cell):
         "I am cell foo, not line foo"
         pass
 
 def test_line_cell_info():
     """%%foo and %foo magics are distinguishable to inspect"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.magics_manager.register(FooFoo)
     oinfo = ip.object_inspect("foo")
     assert oinfo["found"] is True
     assert oinfo["ismagic"] is True
 
     oinfo = ip.object_inspect("%%foo")
     assert oinfo["found"] is True
     assert oinfo["ismagic"] is True
     assert oinfo["docstring"] == FooFoo.cell_foo.__doc__
 
     oinfo = ip.object_inspect("%foo")
     assert oinfo["found"] is True
     assert oinfo["ismagic"] is True
     assert oinfo["docstring"] == FooFoo.line_foo.__doc__
 
 
 def test_multiple_magics():
     ip = get_ipython()
     foo1 = FooFoo(ip)
     foo2 = FooFoo(ip)
     mm = ip.magics_manager
     mm.register(foo1)
     assert mm.magics["line"]["foo"].__self__ is foo1
     mm.register(foo2)
     assert mm.magics["line"]["foo"].__self__ is foo2
 
 
 def test_alias_magic():
     """Test %alias_magic."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     mm = ip.magics_manager
 
     # Basic operation: both cell and line magics are created, if possible.
     ip.run_line_magic("alias_magic", "timeit_alias timeit")
     assert "timeit_alias" in mm.magics["line"]
     assert "timeit_alias" in mm.magics["cell"]
 
     # --cell is specified, line magic not created.
     ip.run_line_magic("alias_magic", "--cell timeit_cell_alias timeit")
     assert "timeit_cell_alias" not in mm.magics["line"]
     assert "timeit_cell_alias" in mm.magics["cell"]
 
     # Test that line alias is created successfully.
     ip.run_line_magic("alias_magic", "--line env_alias env")
     assert ip.run_line_magic("env", "") == ip.run_line_magic("env_alias", "")
 
     # Test that line alias with parameters passed in is created successfully.
     ip.run_line_magic(
         "alias_magic", "--line history_alias history --params " + shlex.quote("3")
     )
     assert "history_alias" in mm.magics["line"]
 
 
 def test_save():
     """Test %save."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.history_manager.reset()   # Clear any existing history.
     cmds = ["a=1", "def b():\n  return a**2", "print(a, b())"]
     for i, cmd in enumerate(cmds, start=1):
         ip.history_manager.store_inputs(i, cmd)
     with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
         file = os.path.join(tmpdir, "testsave.py")
         ip.run_line_magic("save", "%s 1-10" % file)
         content = Path(file).read_text()
         assert content.count(cmds[0]) == 1
         assert "coding: utf-8" in content
         ip.run_line_magic("save", "-a %s 1-10" % file)
         content = Path(file).read_text()
         assert content.count(cmds[0]) == 2
         assert "coding: utf-8" in content
 
 
 def test_save_with_no_args():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.history_manager.reset()  # Clear any existing history.
     cmds = ["a=1", "def b():\n    return a**2", "print(a, b())", "%save"]
     for i, cmd in enumerate(cmds, start=1):
         ip.history_manager.store_inputs(i, cmd)
 
     with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
         path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "testsave.py")
         ip.run_line_magic("save", path)
         content = Path(path).read_text()
         expected_content = dedent(
             """\
             # coding: utf-8
             a=1
             def b():
                 return a**2
             print(a, b())
             """
         )
         assert content == expected_content
 
 
 def test_store():
     """Test %store."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_line_magic('load_ext', 'storemagic')
 
     # make sure the storage is empty
     ip.run_line_magic("store", "-z")
     ip.user_ns["var"] = 42
     ip.run_line_magic("store", "var")
     ip.user_ns["var"] = 39
     ip.run_line_magic("store", "-r")
     assert ip.user_ns["var"] == 42
 
     ip.run_line_magic("store", "-d var")
     ip.user_ns["var"] = 39
     ip.run_line_magic("store", "-r")
     assert ip.user_ns["var"] == 39
 
 
 def _run_edit_test(arg_s, exp_filename=None,
                         exp_lineno=-1,
                         exp_contents=None,
                         exp_is_temp=None):
     ip = get_ipython()
     M = code.CodeMagics(ip)
     last_call = ['','']
     opts,args = M.parse_options(arg_s,'prxn:')
     filename, lineno, is_temp = M._find_edit_target(ip, args, opts, last_call)
 
     if exp_filename is not None:
         assert exp_filename == filename
     if exp_contents is not None:
         with io.open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
             contents = f.read()
         assert exp_contents == contents
     if exp_lineno != -1:
         assert exp_lineno == lineno
     if exp_is_temp is not None:
         assert exp_is_temp == is_temp
 
 
 def test_edit_interactive():
     """%edit on interactively defined objects"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     n = ip.execution_count
     ip.run_cell("def foo(): return 1", store_history=True)
 
     with pytest.raises(code.InteractivelyDefined) as e:
         _run_edit_test("foo")
     assert e.value.index == n
 
 
 def test_edit_cell():
     """%edit [cell id]"""
     ip = get_ipython()
 
     ip.run_cell("def foo(): return 1", store_history=True)
 
     # test
     _run_edit_test("1", exp_contents=ip.user_ns['In'][1], exp_is_temp=True)
 
 def test_edit_fname():
     """%edit file"""
     # test
     _run_edit_test("test file.py", exp_filename="test file.py")
 
 def test_bookmark():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_line_magic('bookmark', 'bmname')
     with tt.AssertPrints('bmname'):
         ip.run_line_magic('bookmark', '-l')
     ip.run_line_magic('bookmark', '-d bmname')
 
 def test_ls_magic():
     ip = get_ipython()
     json_formatter = ip.display_formatter.formatters['application/json']
     json_formatter.enabled = True
     lsmagic = ip.magic('lsmagic')
     with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
         j = json_formatter(lsmagic)
     assert sorted(j) == ["cell", "line"]
     assert w == []  # no warnings
 
 
 def test_strip_initial_indent():
     def sii(s):
         lines = s.splitlines()
         return '\n'.join(code.strip_initial_indent(lines))
 
     assert sii("  a = 1\nb = 2") == "a = 1\nb = 2"
     assert sii("  a\n    b\nc") == "a\n  b\nc"
     assert sii("a\n  b") == "a\n  b"
 
 def test_logging_magic_quiet_from_arg():
     _ip.config.LoggingMagics.quiet = False
     lm = logging.LoggingMagics(shell=_ip)
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         try:
             with tt.AssertNotPrints(re.compile("Activating.*")):
                 lm.logstart('-q {}'.format(
                         os.path.join(td, "quiet_from_arg.log")))
         finally:
             _ip.logger.logstop()
 
 def test_logging_magic_quiet_from_config():
     _ip.config.LoggingMagics.quiet = True
     lm = logging.LoggingMagics(shell=_ip)
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         try:
             with tt.AssertNotPrints(re.compile("Activating.*")):
                 lm.logstart(os.path.join(td, "quiet_from_config.log"))
         finally:
             _ip.logger.logstop()
 
 
 def test_logging_magic_not_quiet():
     _ip.config.LoggingMagics.quiet = False
     lm = logging.LoggingMagics(shell=_ip)
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         try:
             with tt.AssertPrints(re.compile("Activating.*")):
                 lm.logstart(os.path.join(td, "not_quiet.log"))
         finally:
             _ip.logger.logstop()
 
 
 def test_time_no_var_expand():
     _ip.user_ns['a'] = 5
     _ip.user_ns['b'] = []
     _ip.magic('time b.append("{a}")')
     assert _ip.user_ns['b'] == ['{a}']
 
 
 # this is slow, put at the end for local testing.
 def test_timeit_arguments():
     "Test valid timeit arguments, should not cause SyntaxError (GH #1269)"
     _ip.magic("timeit -n1 -r1 a=('#')")
 
 
 TEST_MODULE = """
 print('Loaded my_tmp')
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     print('I just ran a script')
 """
 
 
 def test_run_module_from_import_hook():
     "Test that a module can be loaded via an import hook"
     with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
         fullpath = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'my_tmp.py')
         Path(fullpath).write_text(TEST_MODULE)
 
         import importlib.abc
         import importlib.util
 
         class MyTempImporter(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder, importlib.abc.SourceLoader):
             def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
                 if fullname == "my_tmp":
                     return importlib.util.spec_from_loader(fullname, self)
 
             def get_filename(self, fullname):
                 if fullname != "my_tmp":
                     raise ImportError(f"unexpected module name '{fullname}'")
                 return fullpath
 
             def get_data(self, path):
                 if not Path(path).samefile(fullpath):
                     raise OSError(f"expected path '{fullpath}', got '{path}'")
                 return Path(fullpath).read_text()
 
         sys.meta_path.insert(0, MyTempImporter())
 
         with capture_output() as captured:
             _ip.magic("run -m my_tmp")
             _ip.run_cell("import my_tmp")
 
         output = "Loaded my_tmp\nI just ran a script\nLoaded my_tmp\n"
         assert output == captured.stdout
 
         sys.meta_path.pop(0)

IPython/core/tests/test_run.py

@@ -1,601 +1,612 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """Tests for code execution (%run and related), which is particularly tricky.
 
 Because of how %run manages namespaces, and the fact that we are trying here to
 verify subtle object deletion and reference counting issues, the %run tests
 will be kept in this separate file.  This makes it easier to aggregate in one
 place the tricks needed to handle it; most other magics are much easier to test
 and we do so in a common test_magic file.
 
 Note that any test using `run -i` should make sure to do a `reset` afterwards,
 as otherwise it may influence later tests.
 """
 
 # Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 
 
 
 import functools
 import os
+import platform
 from os.path import join as pjoin
 import random
 import string
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import unittest
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 
 from IPython.testing import decorators as dec
 from IPython.testing import tools as tt
 from IPython.utils.io import capture_output
 from IPython.utils.tempdir import TemporaryDirectory
 from IPython.core import debugger
 
 def doctest_refbug():
     """Very nasty problem with references held by multiple runs of a script.
     See: https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/141
 
     In [1]: _ip.clear_main_mod_cache()
     # random
 
     In [2]: %run refbug
 
     In [3]: call_f()
     lowercased: hello
 
     In [4]: %run refbug
 
     In [5]: call_f()
     lowercased: hello
     lowercased: hello
     """
 
 
 def doctest_run_builtins():
     r"""Check that %run doesn't damage __builtins__.
 
     In [1]: import tempfile
 
     In [2]: bid1 = id(__builtins__)
 
     In [3]: fname = tempfile.mkstemp('.py')[1]
 
     In [3]: f = open(fname,'w')
 
     In [4]: dummy= f.write('pass\n')
 
     In [5]: f.flush()
 
     In [6]: t1 = type(__builtins__)
 
     In [7]: %run $fname
 
     In [7]: f.close()
 
     In [8]: bid2 = id(__builtins__)
 
     In [9]: t2 = type(__builtins__)
 
     In [10]: t1 == t2
     Out[10]: True
 
     In [10]: bid1 == bid2
     Out[10]: True
 
     In [12]: try:
        ....:     os.unlink(fname)
        ....: except:
        ....:     pass
        ....:
     """
 
 
 def doctest_run_option_parser():
     r"""Test option parser in %run.
 
     In [1]: %run print_argv.py
     []
 
     In [2]: %run print_argv.py print*.py
     ['print_argv.py']
 
     In [3]: %run -G print_argv.py print*.py
     ['print*.py']
 
     """
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 def doctest_run_option_parser_for_posix():
     r"""Test option parser in %run (Linux/OSX specific).
 
     You need double quote to escape glob in POSIX systems:
 
     In [1]: %run print_argv.py print\\*.py
     ['print*.py']
 
     You can't use quote to escape glob in POSIX systems:
 
     In [2]: %run print_argv.py 'print*.py'
     ['print_argv.py']
 
     """
 
 
 doctest_run_option_parser_for_posix.__skip_doctest__ = sys.platform == "win32"
 
 
 @dec.skip_if_not_win32
 def doctest_run_option_parser_for_windows():
     r"""Test option parser in %run (Windows specific).
 
     In Windows, you can't escape ``*` `by backslash:
 
     In [1]: %run print_argv.py print\\*.py
     ['print\\\\*.py']
 
     You can use quote to escape glob:
 
     In [2]: %run print_argv.py 'print*.py'
     ["'print*.py'"]
 
     """
 
 
 doctest_run_option_parser_for_windows.__skip_doctest__ = sys.platform != "win32"
 
 
 def doctest_reset_del():
     """Test that resetting doesn't cause errors in __del__ methods.
 
     In [2]: class A(object):
        ...:     def __del__(self):
        ...:         print(str("Hi"))
        ...:
 
     In [3]: a = A()
 
-    In [4]: get_ipython().reset()
+    In [4]: get_ipython().reset(); import gc; x = gc.collect(0)
     Hi
 
     In [5]: 1+1
     Out[5]: 2
     """
 
 # For some tests, it will be handy to organize them in a class with a common
 # setup that makes a temp file
 
 class TestMagicRunPass(tt.TempFileMixin):
 
     def setUp(self):
         content = "a = [1,2,3]\nb = 1"
         self.mktmp(content)
 
     def run_tmpfile(self):
         _ip = get_ipython()
         # This fails on Windows if self.tmpfile.name has spaces or "~" in it.
         # See below and ticket https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/366353
         _ip.magic('run %s' % self.fname)
 
     def run_tmpfile_p(self):
         _ip = get_ipython()
         # This fails on Windows if self.tmpfile.name has spaces or "~" in it.
         # See below and ticket https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/366353
         _ip.magic('run -p %s' % self.fname)
 
     def test_builtins_id(self):
         """Check that %run doesn't damage __builtins__ """
         _ip = get_ipython()
         # Test that the id of __builtins__ is not modified by %run
         bid1 = id(_ip.user_ns['__builtins__'])
         self.run_tmpfile()
         bid2 = id(_ip.user_ns['__builtins__'])
         assert bid1 == bid2
 
     def test_builtins_type(self):
         """Check that the type of __builtins__ doesn't change with %run.
 
         However, the above could pass if __builtins__ was already modified to
         be a dict (it should be a module) by a previous use of %run.  So we
         also check explicitly that it really is a module:
         """
         _ip = get_ipython()
         self.run_tmpfile()
         assert type(_ip.user_ns["__builtins__"]) == type(sys)
 
     def test_run_profile(self):
         """Test that the option -p, which invokes the profiler, do not
         crash by invoking execfile"""
         self.run_tmpfile_p()
 
     def test_run_debug_twice(self):
         # https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/10028
         _ip = get_ipython()
         with tt.fake_input(['c']):
             _ip.magic('run -d %s' % self.fname)
         with tt.fake_input(['c']):
             _ip.magic('run -d %s' % self.fname)
 
     def test_run_debug_twice_with_breakpoint(self):
         """Make a valid python temp file."""
         _ip = get_ipython()
         with tt.fake_input(['b 2', 'c', 'c']):
             _ip.magic('run -d %s' % self.fname)
 
         with tt.fake_input(['c']):
             with tt.AssertNotPrints('KeyError'):
                 _ip.magic('run -d %s' % self.fname)
 
 
 class TestMagicRunSimple(tt.TempFileMixin):
 
     def test_simpledef(self):
         """Test that simple class definitions work."""
         src = ("class foo: pass\n"
                "def f(): return foo()")
         self.mktmp(src)
         _ip.magic("run %s" % self.fname)
         _ip.run_cell("t = isinstance(f(), foo)")
         assert _ip.user_ns["t"] is True
 
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(
+        platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy",
+        reason="expecting __del__ call on exit is unreliable and doesn't happen on PyPy",
+    )
     def test_obj_del(self):
         """Test that object's __del__ methods are called on exit."""
         src = ("class A(object):\n"
                "    def __del__(self):\n"
                "        print('object A deleted')\n"
                "a = A()\n")
         self.mktmp(src)
         err = None
         tt.ipexec_validate(self.fname, 'object A deleted', err)
 
     def test_aggressive_namespace_cleanup(self):
         """Test that namespace cleanup is not too aggressive GH-238
 
         Returning from another run magic deletes the namespace"""
         # see ticket https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/238
 
         with tt.TempFileMixin() as empty:
             empty.mktmp("")
             # On Windows, the filename will have \users in it, so we need to use the
             # repr so that the \u becomes \\u.
             src = (
                 "ip = get_ipython()\n"
                 "for i in range(5):\n"
                 "   try:\n"
                 "       ip.magic(%r)\n"
                 "   except NameError as e:\n"
                 "       print(i)\n"
                 "       break\n" % ("run " + empty.fname)
             )
             self.mktmp(src)
             _ip.magic("run %s" % self.fname)
             _ip.run_cell("ip == get_ipython()")
             assert _ip.user_ns["i"] == 4
 
     def test_run_second(self):
         """Test that running a second file doesn't clobber the first, gh-3547"""
         self.mktmp("avar = 1\n" "def afunc():\n" "  return avar\n")
 
         with tt.TempFileMixin() as empty:
             empty.mktmp("")
 
             _ip.magic("run %s" % self.fname)
             _ip.magic("run %s" % empty.fname)
             assert _ip.user_ns["afunc"]() == 1
 
-    @dec.skip_win32
     def test_tclass(self):
         mydir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
-        tc = os.path.join(mydir, 'tclass')
-        src = ("%%run '%s' C-first\n"
-               "%%run '%s' C-second\n"
-               "%%run '%s' C-third\n") % (tc, tc, tc)
-        self.mktmp(src, '.ipy')
+        tc = os.path.join(mydir, "tclass")
+        src = f"""\
+import gc
+%run "{tc}" C-first
+gc.collect(0)
+%run "{tc}" C-second
+gc.collect(0)
+%run "{tc}" C-third
+gc.collect(0)
+%reset -f
+"""
+        self.mktmp(src, ".ipy")
         out = """\
 ARGV 1-: ['C-first']
 ARGV 1-: ['C-second']
 tclass.py: deleting object: C-first
 ARGV 1-: ['C-third']
 tclass.py: deleting object: C-second
 tclass.py: deleting object: C-third
 """
         err = None
         tt.ipexec_validate(self.fname, out, err)
 
     def test_run_i_after_reset(self):
         """Check that %run -i still works after %reset (gh-693)"""
         src = "yy = zz\n"
         self.mktmp(src)
         _ip.run_cell("zz = 23")
         try:
             _ip.magic("run -i %s" % self.fname)
             assert _ip.user_ns["yy"] == 23
         finally:
             _ip.magic('reset -f')
 
         _ip.run_cell("zz = 23")
         try:
             _ip.magic("run -i %s" % self.fname)
             assert _ip.user_ns["yy"] == 23
         finally:
             _ip.magic('reset -f')
 
     def test_unicode(self):
         """Check that files in odd encodings are accepted."""
         mydir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
         na = os.path.join(mydir, 'nonascii.py')
         _ip.magic('run "%s"' % na)
         assert _ip.user_ns["u"] == "Ўт№Ф"
 
     def test_run_py_file_attribute(self):
         """Test handling of `__file__` attribute in `%run <file>.py`."""
         src = "t = __file__\n"
         self.mktmp(src)
         _missing = object()
         file1 = _ip.user_ns.get('__file__', _missing)
         _ip.magic('run %s' % self.fname)
         file2 = _ip.user_ns.get('__file__', _missing)
 
         # Check that __file__ was equal to the filename in the script's
         # namespace.
         assert _ip.user_ns["t"] == self.fname
 
         # Check that __file__ was not leaked back into user_ns.
         assert file1 == file2
 
     def test_run_ipy_file_attribute(self):
         """Test handling of `__file__` attribute in `%run <file.ipy>`."""
         src = "t = __file__\n"
         self.mktmp(src, ext='.ipy')
         _missing = object()
         file1 = _ip.user_ns.get('__file__', _missing)
         _ip.magic('run %s' % self.fname)
         file2 = _ip.user_ns.get('__file__', _missing)
 
         # Check that __file__ was equal to the filename in the script's
         # namespace.
         assert _ip.user_ns["t"] == self.fname
 
         # Check that __file__ was not leaked back into user_ns.
         assert file1 == file2
 
     def test_run_formatting(self):
         """ Test that %run -t -N<N> does not raise a TypeError for N > 1."""
         src = "pass"
         self.mktmp(src)
         _ip.magic('run -t -N 1 %s' % self.fname)
         _ip.magic('run -t -N 10 %s' % self.fname)
 
     def test_ignore_sys_exit(self):
         """Test the -e option to ignore sys.exit()"""
         src = "import sys; sys.exit(1)"
         self.mktmp(src)
         with tt.AssertPrints('SystemExit'):
             _ip.magic('run %s' % self.fname)
 
         with tt.AssertNotPrints('SystemExit'):
             _ip.magic('run -e %s' % self.fname)
 
     def test_run_nb(self):
         """Test %run notebook.ipynb"""
         pytest.importorskip("nbformat")
         from nbformat import v4, writes
         nb = v4.new_notebook(
            cells=[
                 v4.new_markdown_cell("The Ultimate Question of Everything"),
                 v4.new_code_cell("answer=42")
             ]
         )
         src = writes(nb, version=4)
         self.mktmp(src, ext='.ipynb')
 
         _ip.magic("run %s" % self.fname)
 
         assert _ip.user_ns["answer"] == 42
 
     def test_run_nb_error(self):
         """Test %run notebook.ipynb error"""
         pytest.importorskip("nbformat")
         from nbformat import v4, writes
         # %run when a file name isn't provided
         pytest.raises(Exception, _ip.magic, "run")
 
         # %run when a file doesn't exist
         pytest.raises(Exception, _ip.magic, "run foobar.ipynb")
 
         # %run on a notebook with an error
         nb = v4.new_notebook(
            cells=[
                 v4.new_code_cell("0/0")
             ]
         )
         src = writes(nb, version=4)
         self.mktmp(src, ext='.ipynb')
         pytest.raises(Exception, _ip.magic, "run %s" % self.fname)
 
     def test_file_options(self):
         src = ('import sys\n'
                'a = " ".join(sys.argv[1:])\n')
         self.mktmp(src)
         test_opts = "-x 3 --verbose"
         _ip.run_line_magic("run", "{0} {1}".format(self.fname, test_opts))
         assert _ip.user_ns["a"] == test_opts
 
 
 class TestMagicRunWithPackage(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def writefile(self, name, content):
         path = os.path.join(self.tempdir.name, name)
         d = os.path.dirname(path)
         if not os.path.isdir(d):
             os.makedirs(d)
         with open(path, 'w') as f:
             f.write(textwrap.dedent(content))
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.package = package = 'tmp{0}'.format(''.join([random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for i in range(10)]))
         """Temporary  (probably) valid python package name."""
 
         self.value = int(random.random() * 10000)
 
         self.tempdir = TemporaryDirectory()
         self.__orig_cwd = os.getcwd()
         sys.path.insert(0, self.tempdir.name)
 
         self.writefile(os.path.join(package, '__init__.py'), '')
         self.writefile(os.path.join(package, 'sub.py'), """
         x = {0!r}
         """.format(self.value))
         self.writefile(os.path.join(package, 'relative.py'), """
         from .sub import x
         """)
         self.writefile(os.path.join(package, 'absolute.py'), """
         from {0}.sub import x
         """.format(package))
         self.writefile(os.path.join(package, 'args.py'), """
         import sys
         a = " ".join(sys.argv[1:])
         """.format(package))
 
     def tearDown(self):
         os.chdir(self.__orig_cwd)
         sys.path[:] = [p for p in sys.path if p != self.tempdir.name]
         self.tempdir.cleanup()
 
     def check_run_submodule(self, submodule, opts=''):
         _ip.user_ns.pop('x', None)
         _ip.magic('run {2} -m {0}.{1}'.format(self.package, submodule, opts))
         self.assertEqual(_ip.user_ns['x'], self.value,
                          'Variable `x` is not loaded from module `{0}`.'
                          .format(submodule))
 
     def test_run_submodule_with_absolute_import(self):
         self.check_run_submodule('absolute')
 
     def test_run_submodule_with_relative_import(self):
         """Run submodule that has a relative import statement (#2727)."""
         self.check_run_submodule('relative')
 
     def test_prun_submodule_with_absolute_import(self):
         self.check_run_submodule('absolute', '-p')
 
     def test_prun_submodule_with_relative_import(self):
         self.check_run_submodule('relative', '-p')
 
     def with_fake_debugger(func):
         @functools.wraps(func)
         def wrapper(*args, **kwds):
             with patch.object(debugger.Pdb, 'run', staticmethod(eval)):
                 return func(*args, **kwds)
         return wrapper
 
     @with_fake_debugger
     def test_debug_run_submodule_with_absolute_import(self):
         self.check_run_submodule('absolute', '-d')
 
     @with_fake_debugger
     def test_debug_run_submodule_with_relative_import(self):
         self.check_run_submodule('relative', '-d')
 
     def test_module_options(self):
         _ip.user_ns.pop("a", None)
         test_opts = "-x abc -m test"
         _ip.run_line_magic("run", "-m {0}.args {1}".format(self.package, test_opts))
         assert _ip.user_ns["a"] == test_opts
 
     def test_module_options_with_separator(self):
         _ip.user_ns.pop("a", None)
         test_opts = "-x abc -m test"
         _ip.run_line_magic("run", "-m {0}.args -- {1}".format(self.package, test_opts))
         assert _ip.user_ns["a"] == test_opts
 
 
 def test_run__name__():
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         path = pjoin(td, 'foo.py')
         with open(path, 'w') as f:
             f.write("q = __name__")
 
         _ip.user_ns.pop("q", None)
         _ip.magic("run {}".format(path))
         assert _ip.user_ns.pop("q") == "__main__"
 
         _ip.magic("run -n {}".format(path))
         assert _ip.user_ns.pop("q") == "foo"
 
         try:
             _ip.magic("run -i -n {}".format(path))
             assert _ip.user_ns.pop("q") == "foo"
         finally:
             _ip.magic('reset -f')
 
 
 def test_run_tb():
     """Test traceback offset in %run"""
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         path = pjoin(td, 'foo.py')
         with open(path, 'w') as f:
             f.write('\n'.join([
                 "def foo():",
                 "    return bar()",
                 "def bar():",
                 "    raise RuntimeError('hello!')",
                 "foo()",
             ]))
         with capture_output() as io:
             _ip.magic('run {}'.format(path))
         out = io.stdout
         assert "execfile" not in out
         assert "RuntimeError" in out
         assert out.count("---->") == 3
         del ip.user_ns['bar']
         del ip.user_ns['foo']
 
 
 def test_multiprocessing_run():
     """Set we can run mutiprocesgin without messing up up main namespace
 
     Note that import `nose.tools as nt` mdify the value s
     sys.module['__mp_main__'] so we need to temporarily set it to None to test
     the issue.
     """
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         mpm = sys.modules.get('__mp_main__')
         sys.modules['__mp_main__'] = None
         try:
             path = pjoin(td, 'test.py')
             with open(path, 'w') as f:
                 f.write("import multiprocessing\nprint('hoy')")
             with capture_output() as io:
                 _ip.run_line_magic('run', path)
                 _ip.run_cell("i_m_undefined")
             out = io.stdout
             assert "hoy" in out
             assert "AttributeError" not in out
             assert "NameError" in out
             assert out.count("---->") == 1
         except:
             raise
         finally:
             sys.modules['__mp_main__'] = mpm
 
 
 def test_script_tb():
     """Test traceback offset in `ipython script.py`"""
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         path = pjoin(td, 'foo.py')
         with open(path, 'w') as f:
             f.write('\n'.join([
                 "def foo():",
                 "    return bar()",
                 "def bar():",
                 "    raise RuntimeError('hello!')",
                 "foo()",
             ]))
         out, err = tt.ipexec(path)
         assert "execfile" not in out
         assert "RuntimeError" in out
         assert out.count("---->") == 3

IPython/core/tests/test_ultratb.py

@@ -1,412 +1,414 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """Tests for IPython.core.ultratb
 """
 import io
 import logging
+import platform
 import re
 import sys
 import os.path
 from textwrap import dedent
 import traceback
 import unittest
 
 from IPython.core.ultratb import ColorTB, VerboseTB
 
 
 from IPython.testing import tools as tt
 from IPython.testing.decorators import onlyif_unicode_paths
 from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
 from IPython.utils.tempdir import TemporaryDirectory
 
 file_1 = """1
 2
 3
 def f():
   1/0
 """
 
 file_2 = """def f():
   1/0
 """
 
 
 def recursionlimit(frames):
     """
     decorator to set the recursion limit temporarily
     """
 
     def inner(test_function):
         def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
             rl = sys.getrecursionlimit()
             sys.setrecursionlimit(frames)
             try:
                 return test_function(*args, **kwargs)
             finally:
                 sys.setrecursionlimit(rl)
 
         return wrapper
 
     return inner
 
 
 class ChangedPyFileTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_changing_py_file(self):
         """Traceback produced if the line where the error occurred is missing?
         
         https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/1456
         """
         with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
             fname = os.path.join(td, "foo.py")
             with open(fname, "w") as f:
                 f.write(file_1)
             
             with prepended_to_syspath(td):
                 ip.run_cell("import foo")
             
             with tt.AssertPrints("ZeroDivisionError"):
                 ip.run_cell("foo.f()")
             
             # Make the file shorter, so the line of the error is missing.
             with open(fname, "w") as f:
                 f.write(file_2)
             
             # For some reason, this was failing on the *second* call after
             # changing the file, so we call f() twice.
             with tt.AssertNotPrints("Internal Python error", channel='stderr'):
                 with tt.AssertPrints("ZeroDivisionError"):
                     ip.run_cell("foo.f()")
                 with tt.AssertPrints("ZeroDivisionError"):
                     ip.run_cell("foo.f()")
 
 iso_8859_5_file = u'''# coding: iso-8859-5
 
 def fail():
     """дбИЖ"""
     1/0     # дбИЖ
 '''
 
 class NonAsciiTest(unittest.TestCase):
     @onlyif_unicode_paths
     def test_nonascii_path(self):
         # Non-ascii directory name as well.
         with TemporaryDirectory(suffix=u'é') as td:
             fname = os.path.join(td, u"fooé.py")
             with open(fname, "w") as f:
                 f.write(file_1)
             
             with prepended_to_syspath(td):
                 ip.run_cell("import foo")
             
             with tt.AssertPrints("ZeroDivisionError"):
                 ip.run_cell("foo.f()")
     
     def test_iso8859_5(self):
         with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
             fname = os.path.join(td, 'dfghjkl.py')
 
             with io.open(fname, 'w', encoding='iso-8859-5') as f:
                 f.write(iso_8859_5_file)
             
             with prepended_to_syspath(td):
                 ip.run_cell("from dfghjkl import fail")
             
             with tt.AssertPrints("ZeroDivisionError"):
                 with tt.AssertPrints(u'дбИЖ', suppress=False):
                     ip.run_cell('fail()')
     
     def test_nonascii_msg(self):
         cell = u"raise Exception('é')"
         expected = u"Exception('é')"
         ip.run_cell("%xmode plain")
         with tt.AssertPrints(expected):
             ip.run_cell(cell)
 
         ip.run_cell("%xmode verbose")
         with tt.AssertPrints(expected):
             ip.run_cell(cell)
 
         ip.run_cell("%xmode context")
         with tt.AssertPrints(expected):
             ip.run_cell(cell)
 
         ip.run_cell("%xmode minimal")
         with tt.AssertPrints(u"Exception: é"):
             ip.run_cell(cell)
 
         # Put this back into Context mode for later tests.
         ip.run_cell("%xmode context")
 
 class NestedGenExprTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     Regression test for the following issues:
     https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/8293
     https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/8205
     """
     def test_nested_genexpr(self):
         code = dedent(
             """\
             class SpecificException(Exception):
                 pass
 
             def foo(x):
                 raise SpecificException("Success!")
 
             sum(sum(foo(x) for _ in [0]) for x in [0])
             """
         )
         with tt.AssertPrints('SpecificException: Success!', suppress=False):
             ip.run_cell(code)
 
 
 indentationerror_file = """if True:
 zoon()
 """
 
 class IndentationErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_indentationerror_shows_line(self):
         # See issue gh-2398
         with tt.AssertPrints("IndentationError"):
             with tt.AssertPrints("zoon()", suppress=False):
                 ip.run_cell(indentationerror_file)
         
         with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
             fname = os.path.join(td, "foo.py")
             with open(fname, "w") as f:
                 f.write(indentationerror_file)
             
             with tt.AssertPrints("IndentationError"):
                 with tt.AssertPrints("zoon()", suppress=False):
                     ip.magic('run %s' % fname)
 
 se_file_1 = """1
 2
 7/
 """
 
 se_file_2 = """7/
 """
 
 class SyntaxErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_syntaxerror_without_lineno(self):
         with tt.AssertNotPrints("TypeError"):
             with tt.AssertPrints("line unknown"):
                 ip.run_cell("raise SyntaxError()")
 
     def test_syntaxerror_no_stacktrace_at_compile_time(self):
         syntax_error_at_compile_time = """
 def foo():
     ..
 """
         with tt.AssertPrints("SyntaxError"):
             ip.run_cell(syntax_error_at_compile_time)
 
         with tt.AssertNotPrints("foo()"):
             ip.run_cell(syntax_error_at_compile_time)
 
     def test_syntaxerror_stacktrace_when_running_compiled_code(self):
         syntax_error_at_runtime = """
 def foo():
     eval("..")
 
 def bar():
     foo()
 
 bar()
 """
         with tt.AssertPrints("SyntaxError"):
             ip.run_cell(syntax_error_at_runtime)
         # Assert syntax error during runtime generate stacktrace
         with tt.AssertPrints(["foo()", "bar()"]):
             ip.run_cell(syntax_error_at_runtime)
         del ip.user_ns['bar']
         del ip.user_ns['foo']
 
     def test_changing_py_file(self):
         with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
             fname = os.path.join(td, "foo.py")
             with open(fname, 'w') as f:
                 f.write(se_file_1)
 
             with tt.AssertPrints(["7/", "SyntaxError"]):
                 ip.magic("run " + fname)
 
             # Modify the file
             with open(fname, 'w') as f:
                 f.write(se_file_2)
 
             # The SyntaxError should point to the correct line
             with tt.AssertPrints(["7/", "SyntaxError"]):
                 ip.magic("run " + fname)
 
     def test_non_syntaxerror(self):
         # SyntaxTB may be called with an error other than a SyntaxError
         # See e.g. gh-4361
         try:
             raise ValueError('QWERTY')
         except ValueError:
             with tt.AssertPrints('QWERTY'):
                 ip.showsyntaxerror()
 
 import sys
-if sys.version_info < (3,9):
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9) and platform.python_implementation() != "PyPy":
     """
     New 3.9 Pgen Parser does not raise Memory error, except on failed malloc.
     """
     class MemoryErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
         def test_memoryerror(self):
             memoryerror_code = "(" * 200 + ")" * 200
             with tt.AssertPrints("MemoryError"):
                 ip.run_cell(memoryerror_code)
 
 
 class Python3ChainedExceptionsTest(unittest.TestCase):
     DIRECT_CAUSE_ERROR_CODE = """
 try:
     x = 1 + 2
     print(not_defined_here)
 except Exception as e:
     x += 55
     x - 1
     y = {}
     raise KeyError('uh') from e
     """
 
     EXCEPTION_DURING_HANDLING_CODE = """
 try:
     x = 1 + 2
     print(not_defined_here)
 except Exception as e:
     x += 55
     x - 1
     y = {}
     raise KeyError('uh')
     """
 
     SUPPRESS_CHAINING_CODE = """
 try:
     1/0
 except Exception:
     raise ValueError("Yikes") from None
     """
 
     def test_direct_cause_error(self):
         with tt.AssertPrints(["KeyError", "NameError", "direct cause"]):
             ip.run_cell(self.DIRECT_CAUSE_ERROR_CODE)
 
     def test_exception_during_handling_error(self):
         with tt.AssertPrints(["KeyError", "NameError", "During handling"]):
             ip.run_cell(self.EXCEPTION_DURING_HANDLING_CODE)
 
     def test_suppress_exception_chaining(self):
         with tt.AssertNotPrints("ZeroDivisionError"), \
              tt.AssertPrints("ValueError", suppress=False):
             ip.run_cell(self.SUPPRESS_CHAINING_CODE)
 
     def test_plain_direct_cause_error(self):
         with tt.AssertPrints(["KeyError", "NameError", "direct cause"]):
             ip.run_cell("%xmode Plain")
             ip.run_cell(self.DIRECT_CAUSE_ERROR_CODE)
             ip.run_cell("%xmode Verbose")
 
     def test_plain_exception_during_handling_error(self):
         with tt.AssertPrints(["KeyError", "NameError", "During handling"]):
             ip.run_cell("%xmode Plain")
             ip.run_cell(self.EXCEPTION_DURING_HANDLING_CODE)
             ip.run_cell("%xmode Verbose")
 
     def test_plain_suppress_exception_chaining(self):
         with tt.AssertNotPrints("ZeroDivisionError"), \
              tt.AssertPrints("ValueError", suppress=False):
             ip.run_cell("%xmode Plain")
             ip.run_cell(self.SUPPRESS_CHAINING_CODE)
             ip.run_cell("%xmode Verbose")
 
 
 class RecursionTest(unittest.TestCase):
     DEFINITIONS = """
 def non_recurs():
     1/0
 
 def r1():
     r1()
 
 def r3a():
     r3b()
 
 def r3b():
     r3c()
 
 def r3c():
     r3a()
 
 def r3o1():
     r3a()
 
 def r3o2():
     r3o1()
 """
     def setUp(self):
         ip.run_cell(self.DEFINITIONS)
 
     def test_no_recursion(self):
         with tt.AssertNotPrints("skipping similar frames"):
             ip.run_cell("non_recurs()")
 
     @recursionlimit(200)
     def test_recursion_one_frame(self):
         with tt.AssertPrints(re.compile(
             r"\[\.\.\. skipping similar frames: r1 at line 5 \(\d{2,3} times\)\]")
         ):
             ip.run_cell("r1()")
 
-    @recursionlimit(200)
+    @recursionlimit(160)
     def test_recursion_three_frames(self):
         with tt.AssertPrints("[... skipping similar frames: "), \
                 tt.AssertPrints(re.compile(r"r3a at line 8 \(\d{2} times\)"), suppress=False), \
                 tt.AssertPrints(re.compile(r"r3b at line 11 \(\d{2} times\)"), suppress=False), \
                 tt.AssertPrints(re.compile(r"r3c at line 14 \(\d{2} times\)"), suppress=False):
             ip.run_cell("r3o2()")
 
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # module testing (minimal)
 def test_handlers():
     def spam(c, d_e):
         (d, e) = d_e
         x = c + d
         y = c * d
         foo(x, y)
 
     def foo(a, b, bar=1):
         eggs(a, b + bar)
 
     def eggs(f, g, z=globals()):
         h = f + g
         i = f - g
         return h / i
 
     buff = io.StringIO()
 
     buff.write('')
     buff.write('*** Before ***')
     try:
         buff.write(spam(1, (2, 3)))
     except:
         traceback.print_exc(file=buff)
 
     handler = ColorTB(ostream=buff)
     buff.write('*** ColorTB ***')
     try:
         buff.write(spam(1, (2, 3)))
     except:
         handler(*sys.exc_info())
     buff.write('')
 
     handler = VerboseTB(ostream=buff)
     buff.write('*** VerboseTB ***')
     try:
         buff.write(spam(1, (2, 3)))
     except:
         handler(*sys.exc_info())
     buff.write('')

IPython/extensions/tests/test_autoreload.py

@@ -1,554 +1,562 b''
 """Tests for autoreload extension.
 """
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (c) 2012 IPython Development Team.
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 #
 #  The full license is in the file COPYING.txt, distributed with this software.
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import os
+import platform
+import pytest
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import textwrap
 import shutil
 import random
 import time
 from io import StringIO
 
 import IPython.testing.tools as tt
 
 from unittest import TestCase
 
 from IPython.extensions.autoreload import AutoreloadMagics
 from IPython.core.events import EventManager, pre_run_cell
 
+if platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy":
+    pytest.skip(
+        "Current autoreload implementation is extremly slow on PyPy",
+        allow_module_level=True,
+    )
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Test fixture
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 noop = lambda *a, **kw: None
 
 
 class FakeShell:
     def __init__(self):
         self.ns = {}
         self.user_ns = self.ns
         self.user_ns_hidden = {}
         self.events = EventManager(self, {"pre_run_cell", pre_run_cell})
         self.auto_magics = AutoreloadMagics(shell=self)
         self.events.register("pre_run_cell", self.auto_magics.pre_run_cell)
 
     register_magics = set_hook = noop
 
     def run_code(self, code):
         self.events.trigger("pre_run_cell")
         exec(code, self.user_ns)
         self.auto_magics.post_execute_hook()
 
     def push(self, items):
         self.ns.update(items)
 
     def magic_autoreload(self, parameter):
         self.auto_magics.autoreload(parameter)
 
     def magic_aimport(self, parameter, stream=None):
         self.auto_magics.aimport(parameter, stream=stream)
         self.auto_magics.post_execute_hook()
 
 
 class Fixture(TestCase):
     """Fixture for creating test module files"""
 
     test_dir = None
     old_sys_path = None
     filename_chars = "abcdefghijklmopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.test_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
         self.old_sys_path = list(sys.path)
         sys.path.insert(0, self.test_dir)
         self.shell = FakeShell()
 
     def tearDown(self):
         shutil.rmtree(self.test_dir)
         sys.path = self.old_sys_path
 
         self.test_dir = None
         self.old_sys_path = None
         self.shell = None
 
     def get_module(self):
         module_name = "tmpmod_" + "".join(random.sample(self.filename_chars, 20))
         if module_name in sys.modules:
             del sys.modules[module_name]
         file_name = os.path.join(self.test_dir, module_name + ".py")
         return module_name, file_name
 
     def write_file(self, filename, content):
         """
         Write a file, and force a timestamp difference of at least one second
 
         Notes
         -----
         Python's .pyc files record the timestamp of their compilation
         with a time resolution of one second.
 
         Therefore, we need to force a timestamp difference between .py
         and .pyc, without having the .py file be timestamped in the
         future, and without changing the timestamp of the .pyc file
         (because that is stored in the file).  The only reliable way
         to achieve this seems to be to sleep.
         """
         content = textwrap.dedent(content)
         # Sleep one second + eps
         time.sleep(1.05)
 
         # Write
         with open(filename, "w") as f:
             f.write(content)
 
     def new_module(self, code):
         code = textwrap.dedent(code)
         mod_name, mod_fn = self.get_module()
         with open(mod_fn, "w") as f:
             f.write(code)
         return mod_name, mod_fn
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Test automatic reloading
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 def pickle_get_current_class(obj):
     """
     Original issue comes from pickle; hence the name.
     """
     name = obj.__class__.__name__
     module_name = getattr(obj, "__module__", None)
     obj2 = sys.modules[module_name]
     for subpath in name.split("."):
         obj2 = getattr(obj2, subpath)
     return obj2
 
 
 class TestAutoreload(Fixture):
     def test_reload_enums(self):
         mod_name, mod_fn = self.new_module(
             textwrap.dedent(
                 """
                                 from enum import Enum
                                 class MyEnum(Enum):
                                     A = 'A'
                                     B = 'B'
                             """
             )
         )
         self.shell.magic_autoreload("2")
         self.shell.magic_aimport(mod_name)
         self.write_file(
             mod_fn,
             textwrap.dedent(
                 """
                                 from enum import Enum
                                 class MyEnum(Enum):
                                     A = 'A'
                                     B = 'B'
                                     C = 'C'
                             """
             ),
         )
         with tt.AssertNotPrints(
             ("[autoreload of %s failed:" % mod_name), channel="stderr"
         ):
             self.shell.run_code("pass")  # trigger another reload
 
     def test_reload_class_type(self):
         self.shell.magic_autoreload("2")
         mod_name, mod_fn = self.new_module(
             """
             class Test():
                 def meth(self):
                     return "old"
         """
         )
         assert "test" not in self.shell.ns
         assert "result" not in self.shell.ns
 
         self.shell.run_code("from %s import Test" % mod_name)
         self.shell.run_code("test = Test()")
 
         self.write_file(
             mod_fn,
             """
             class Test():
                 def meth(self):
                     return "new"
         """,
         )
 
         test_object = self.shell.ns["test"]
 
         # important to trigger autoreload logic !
         self.shell.run_code("pass")
 
         test_class = pickle_get_current_class(test_object)
         assert isinstance(test_object, test_class)
 
         # extra check.
         self.shell.run_code("import pickle")
         self.shell.run_code("p = pickle.dumps(test)")
 
     def test_reload_class_attributes(self):
         self.shell.magic_autoreload("2")
         mod_name, mod_fn = self.new_module(
             textwrap.dedent(
                 """
                                 class MyClass:
 
                                     def __init__(self, a=10):
                                         self.a = a
                                         self.b = 22 
                                         # self.toto = 33
 
                                     def square(self):
                                         print('compute square')
                                         return self.a*self.a
                             """
             )
         )
         self.shell.run_code("from %s import MyClass" % mod_name)
         self.shell.run_code("first = MyClass(5)")
         self.shell.run_code("first.square()")
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             self.shell.run_code("first.cube()")
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             self.shell.run_code("first.power(5)")
         self.shell.run_code("first.b")
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             self.shell.run_code("first.toto")
 
         # remove square, add power
 
         self.write_file(
             mod_fn,
             textwrap.dedent(
                 """
                             class MyClass:
 
                                 def __init__(self, a=10):
                                     self.a = a
                                     self.b = 11
 
                                 def power(self, p):
                                     print('compute power '+str(p))
                                     return self.a**p
                             """
             ),
         )
 
         self.shell.run_code("second = MyClass(5)")
 
         for object_name in {"first", "second"}:
             self.shell.run_code(f"{object_name}.power(5)")
             with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
                 self.shell.run_code(f"{object_name}.cube()")
             with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
                 self.shell.run_code(f"{object_name}.square()")
             self.shell.run_code(f"{object_name}.b")
             self.shell.run_code(f"{object_name}.a")
             with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
                 self.shell.run_code(f"{object_name}.toto")
 
     def test_autoload_newly_added_objects(self):
         self.shell.magic_autoreload("3")
         mod_code = """
         def func1(): pass
         """
         mod_name, mod_fn = self.new_module(textwrap.dedent(mod_code))
         self.shell.run_code(f"from {mod_name} import *")
         self.shell.run_code("func1()")
         with self.assertRaises(NameError):
             self.shell.run_code("func2()")
         with self.assertRaises(NameError):
             self.shell.run_code("t = Test()")
         with self.assertRaises(NameError):
             self.shell.run_code("number")
 
         # ----------- TEST NEW OBJ LOADED --------------------------
 
         new_code = """
         def func1(): pass
         def func2(): pass
         class Test: pass
         number = 0
         from enum import Enum
         class TestEnum(Enum):
             A = 'a'
         """
         self.write_file(mod_fn, textwrap.dedent(new_code))
 
         # test function now exists in shell's namespace namespace
         self.shell.run_code("func2()")
         # test function now exists in module's dict
         self.shell.run_code(f"import sys; sys.modules['{mod_name}'].func2()")
         # test class now exists
         self.shell.run_code("t = Test()")
         # test global built-in var now exists
         self.shell.run_code("number")
         # test the enumerations gets loaded successfully
         self.shell.run_code("TestEnum.A")
 
         # ----------- TEST NEW OBJ CAN BE CHANGED --------------------
 
         new_code = """
         def func1(): return 'changed'
         def func2(): return 'changed'
         class Test:
             def new_func(self):
                 return 'changed'
         number = 1
         from enum import Enum
         class TestEnum(Enum):
             A = 'a'
             B = 'added'
         """
         self.write_file(mod_fn, textwrap.dedent(new_code))
         self.shell.run_code("assert func1() == 'changed'")
         self.shell.run_code("assert func2() == 'changed'")
         self.shell.run_code("t = Test(); assert t.new_func() == 'changed'")
         self.shell.run_code("assert number == 1")
         self.shell.run_code("assert TestEnum.B.value == 'added'")
 
         # ----------- TEST IMPORT FROM MODULE --------------------------
 
         new_mod_code = """
         from enum import Enum
         class Ext(Enum):
             A = 'ext'
         def ext_func():
             return 'ext'
         class ExtTest:
             def meth(self):
                 return 'ext'
         ext_int = 2
         """
         new_mod_name, new_mod_fn = self.new_module(textwrap.dedent(new_mod_code))
         current_mod_code = f"""
         from {new_mod_name} import *
         """
         self.write_file(mod_fn, textwrap.dedent(current_mod_code))
         self.shell.run_code("assert Ext.A.value == 'ext'")
         self.shell.run_code("assert ext_func() == 'ext'")
         self.shell.run_code("t = ExtTest(); assert t.meth() == 'ext'")
         self.shell.run_code("assert ext_int == 2")
 
     def _check_smoketest(self, use_aimport=True):
         """
         Functional test for the automatic reloader using either
         '%autoreload 1' or '%autoreload 2'
         """
 
         mod_name, mod_fn = self.new_module(
             """
 x = 9
 
 z = 123  # this item will be deleted
 
 def foo(y):
     return y + 3
 
 class Baz(object):
     def __init__(self, x):
         self.x = x
     def bar(self, y):
         return self.x + y
     @property
     def quux(self):
         return 42
     def zzz(self):
         '''This method will be deleted below'''
         return 99
 
 class Bar:    # old-style class: weakref doesn't work for it on Python < 2.7
     def foo(self):
         return 1
 """
         )
 
         #
         # Import module, and mark for reloading
         #
         if use_aimport:
             self.shell.magic_autoreload("1")
             self.shell.magic_aimport(mod_name)
             stream = StringIO()
             self.shell.magic_aimport("", stream=stream)
             self.assertIn(("Modules to reload:\n%s" % mod_name), stream.getvalue())
 
             with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
                 self.shell.magic_aimport("tmpmod_as318989e89ds")
         else:
             self.shell.magic_autoreload("2")
             self.shell.run_code("import %s" % mod_name)
             stream = StringIO()
             self.shell.magic_aimport("", stream=stream)
             self.assertTrue(
                 "Modules to reload:\nall-except-skipped" in stream.getvalue()
             )
         self.assertIn(mod_name, self.shell.ns)
 
         mod = sys.modules[mod_name]
 
         #
         # Test module contents
         #
         old_foo = mod.foo
         old_obj = mod.Baz(9)
         old_obj2 = mod.Bar()
 
         def check_module_contents():
             self.assertEqual(mod.x, 9)
             self.assertEqual(mod.z, 123)
 
             self.assertEqual(old_foo(0), 3)
             self.assertEqual(mod.foo(0), 3)
 
             obj = mod.Baz(9)
             self.assertEqual(old_obj.bar(1), 10)
             self.assertEqual(obj.bar(1), 10)
             self.assertEqual(obj.quux, 42)
             self.assertEqual(obj.zzz(), 99)
 
             obj2 = mod.Bar()
             self.assertEqual(old_obj2.foo(), 1)
             self.assertEqual(obj2.foo(), 1)
 
         check_module_contents()
 
         #
         # Simulate a failed reload: no reload should occur and exactly
         # one error message should be printed
         #
         self.write_file(
             mod_fn,
             """
 a syntax error
 """,
         )
 
         with tt.AssertPrints(
             ("[autoreload of %s failed:" % mod_name), channel="stderr"
         ):
             self.shell.run_code("pass")  # trigger reload
         with tt.AssertNotPrints(
             ("[autoreload of %s failed:" % mod_name), channel="stderr"
         ):
             self.shell.run_code("pass")  # trigger another reload
         check_module_contents()
 
         #
         # Rewrite module (this time reload should succeed)
         #
         self.write_file(
             mod_fn,
             """
 x = 10
 
 def foo(y):
     return y + 4
 
 class Baz(object):
     def __init__(self, x):
         self.x = x
     def bar(self, y):
         return self.x + y + 1
     @property
     def quux(self):
         return 43
 
 class Bar:    # old-style class
     def foo(self):
         return 2
 """,
         )
 
         def check_module_contents():
             self.assertEqual(mod.x, 10)
             self.assertFalse(hasattr(mod, "z"))
 
             self.assertEqual(old_foo(0), 4)  # superreload magic!
             self.assertEqual(mod.foo(0), 4)
 
             obj = mod.Baz(9)
             self.assertEqual(old_obj.bar(1), 11)  # superreload magic!
             self.assertEqual(obj.bar(1), 11)
 
             self.assertEqual(old_obj.quux, 43)
             self.assertEqual(obj.quux, 43)
 
             self.assertFalse(hasattr(old_obj, "zzz"))
             self.assertFalse(hasattr(obj, "zzz"))
 
             obj2 = mod.Bar()
             self.assertEqual(old_obj2.foo(), 2)
             self.assertEqual(obj2.foo(), 2)
 
         self.shell.run_code("pass")  # trigger reload
         check_module_contents()
 
         #
         # Another failure case: deleted file (shouldn't reload)
         #
         os.unlink(mod_fn)
 
         self.shell.run_code("pass")  # trigger reload
         check_module_contents()
 
         #
         # Disable autoreload and rewrite module: no reload should occur
         #
         if use_aimport:
             self.shell.magic_aimport("-" + mod_name)
             stream = StringIO()
             self.shell.magic_aimport("", stream=stream)
             self.assertTrue(("Modules to skip:\n%s" % mod_name) in stream.getvalue())
 
             # This should succeed, although no such module exists
             self.shell.magic_aimport("-tmpmod_as318989e89ds")
         else:
             self.shell.magic_autoreload("0")
 
         self.write_file(
             mod_fn,
             """
 x = -99
 """,
         )
 
         self.shell.run_code("pass")  # trigger reload
         self.shell.run_code("pass")
         check_module_contents()
 
         #
         # Re-enable autoreload: reload should now occur
         #
         if use_aimport:
             self.shell.magic_aimport(mod_name)
         else:
             self.shell.magic_autoreload("")
 
         self.shell.run_code("pass")  # trigger reload
         self.assertEqual(mod.x, -99)
 
     def test_smoketest_aimport(self):
         self._check_smoketest(use_aimport=True)
 
     def test_smoketest_autoreload(self):
         self._check_smoketest(use_aimport=False)

IPython/terminal/tests/test_debug_magic.py

@@ -1,78 +1,80 b''
 """Test embedding of IPython"""
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2013 The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import os
 import sys
 from IPython.testing.decorators import skip_win32
 from IPython.testing import IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Tests
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 @skip_win32
 def test_debug_magic_passes_through_generators():
     """
     This test that we can correctly pass through frames of a generator post-mortem.
     """
     import pexpect
     import re
     in_prompt = re.compile(br'In ?\[\d+\]:')
     ipdb_prompt = 'ipdb>'
     env = os.environ.copy()
     child = pexpect.spawn(sys.executable, ['-m', 'IPython', '--colors=nocolor', '--simple-prompt'],
                           env=env)
     child.timeout = 15 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
 
     child.expect(in_prompt)
 
     child.timeout = 2 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
 
     child.sendline("def f(x):")
     child.sendline("    raise Exception")
     child.sendline("")
 
     child.expect(in_prompt)
     child.sendline("gen = (f(x) for x in [0])")
     child.sendline("")
 
     child.expect(in_prompt)
     child.sendline("for x in gen:")
     child.sendline("    pass")
     child.sendline("")
 
+    child.timeout = 10 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
+
     child.expect('Exception:')
 
     child.expect(in_prompt)
     child.sendline(r'%debug')
     child.expect('----> 2     raise Exception')
 
     child.expect(ipdb_prompt)
     child.sendline('u')
     child.expect_exact(r'----> 1 gen = (f(x) for x in [0])')
 
     child.expect(ipdb_prompt)
     child.sendline('u')
     child.expect_exact('----> 1 for x in gen:')
 
     child.expect(ipdb_prompt)
     child.sendline('u')
     child.expect_exact('*** Oldest frame')
 
     child.expect(ipdb_prompt)
     child.sendline('exit')
 
     child.expect(in_prompt)
     child.sendline('exit')
 
     child.close()

IPython/terminal/tests/test_embed.py

@@ -1,137 +1,138 b''
 """Test embedding of IPython"""
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2013 The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
 from IPython.utils.tempdir import NamedFileInTemporaryDirectory
 from IPython.testing.decorators import skip_win32
 from IPython.testing import IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Tests
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 _sample_embed = b"""
 import IPython
 
 a = 3
 b = 14
 print(a, '.', b)
 
 IPython.embed()
 
 print('bye!')
 """
 
 _exit = b"exit\r"
 
 def test_ipython_embed():
     """test that `IPython.embed()` works"""
     with NamedFileInTemporaryDirectory('file_with_embed.py') as f:
         f.write(_sample_embed)
         f.flush()
         f.close() # otherwise msft won't be able to read the file
 
         # run `python file_with_embed.py`
         cmd = [sys.executable, f.name]
         env = os.environ.copy()
         env['IPY_TEST_SIMPLE_PROMPT'] = '1'
 
         p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, env=env, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
         out, err = p.communicate(_exit)
         std = out.decode('UTF-8')
 
         assert p.returncode == 0
         assert "3 . 14" in std
         if os.name != "nt":
             # TODO: Fix up our different stdout references, see issue gh-14
             assert "IPython" in std
         assert "bye!" in std
 
 
 @skip_win32
 def test_nest_embed():
     """test that `IPython.embed()` is nestable"""
     import pexpect
     ipy_prompt = r']:' #ansi color codes give problems matching beyond this
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env['IPY_TEST_SIMPLE_PROMPT'] = '1'
 
 
     child = pexpect.spawn(sys.executable, ['-m', 'IPython', '--colors=nocolor'],
                           env=env)
-    child.timeout = 5 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
+    child.timeout = 15 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
+    child.timeout = 5 * IPYTHON_TESTING_TIMEOUT_SCALE
     child.sendline("import IPython")
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline("ip0 = get_ipython()")
     #enter first nested embed
     child.sendline("IPython.embed()")
     #skip the banner until we get to a prompt
     try:
         prompted = -1
         while prompted != 0:
             prompted = child.expect([ipy_prompt, '\r\n'])
     except pexpect.TIMEOUT as e:
         print(e)
         #child.interact()
     child.sendline("embed1 = get_ipython()")
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline("print('true' if embed1 is not ip0 else 'false')")
     assert(child.expect(['true\r\n', 'false\r\n']) == 0)
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline("print('true' if IPython.get_ipython() is embed1 else 'false')")
     assert(child.expect(['true\r\n', 'false\r\n']) == 0)
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     #enter second nested embed
     child.sendline("IPython.embed()")
     #skip the banner until we get to a prompt
     try:
         prompted = -1
         while prompted != 0:
             prompted = child.expect([ipy_prompt, '\r\n'])
     except pexpect.TIMEOUT as e:
         print(e)
         #child.interact()
     child.sendline("embed2 = get_ipython()")
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline("print('true' if embed2 is not embed1 else 'false')")
     assert(child.expect(['true\r\n', 'false\r\n']) == 0)
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline("print('true' if embed2 is IPython.get_ipython() else 'false')")
     assert(child.expect(['true\r\n', 'false\r\n']) == 0)
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline('exit')
     #back at first embed
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline("print('true' if get_ipython() is embed1 else 'false')")
     assert(child.expect(['true\r\n', 'false\r\n']) == 0)
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline("print('true' if IPython.get_ipython() is embed1 else 'false')")
     assert(child.expect(['true\r\n', 'false\r\n']) == 0)
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline('exit')
     #back at launching scope
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline("print('true' if get_ipython() is ip0 else 'false')")
     assert(child.expect(['true\r\n', 'false\r\n']) == 0)
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline("print('true' if IPython.get_ipython() is ip0 else 'false')")
     assert(child.expect(['true\r\n', 'false\r\n']) == 0)
     child.expect(ipy_prompt)
     child.sendline('exit')
     child.close()

IPython/testing/plugin/test_refs.py

@@ -1,46 +1,39 b''
 """Some simple tests for the plugin while running scripts.
 """
 # Module imports
 # Std lib
 import inspect
 
 # Our own
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Testing functions
 
 def test_trivial():
     """A trivial passing test."""
     pass
 
 def doctest_run():
     """Test running a trivial script.
 
     In [13]: run simplevars.py
     x is: 1
     """
 
 def doctest_runvars():
     """Test that variables defined in scripts get loaded correctly via %run.
 
     In [13]: run simplevars.py
     x is: 1
 
     In [14]: x
     Out[14]: 1
     """
 
 def doctest_ivars():
     """Test that variables defined interactively are picked up.
     In [5]: zz=1
 
     In [6]: zz
     Out[6]: 1
     """
-
-def doctest_refs():
-    """DocTest reference holding issues when running scripts.
-
-    In [32]: run show_refs.py
-    c referrers: [<... 'dict'>]
-    """

IPython/utils/ipstruct.py

@@ -1,379 +1,379 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """A dict subclass that supports attribute style access.
 
 Authors:
 
 * Fernando Perez (original)
 * Brian Granger (refactoring to a dict subclass)
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 __all__ = ['Struct']
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class Struct(dict):
     """A dict subclass with attribute style access.
 
     This dict subclass has a a few extra features:
 
     * Attribute style access.
     * Protection of class members (like keys, items) when using attribute
       style access.
     * The ability to restrict assignment to only existing keys.
     * Intelligent merging.
     * Overloaded operators.
     """
     _allownew = True
     def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
         """Initialize with a dictionary, another Struct, or data.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         *args : dict, Struct
             Initialize with one dict or Struct
         **kw : dict
             Initialize with key, value pairs.
 
         Examples
         --------
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s.a
         10
         >>> s.b
         30
         >>> s2 = Struct(s,c=30)
         >>> sorted(s2.keys())
         ['a', 'b', 'c']
         """
         object.__setattr__(self, '_allownew', True)
         dict.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
 
     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
         """Set an item with check for allownew.
 
         Examples
         --------
         >>> s = Struct()
         >>> s['a'] = 10
         >>> s.allow_new_attr(False)
         >>> s['a'] = 10
         >>> s['a']
         10
         >>> try:
         ...     s['b'] = 20
         ... except KeyError:
         ...     print('this is not allowed')
         ...
         this is not allowed
         """
         if not self._allownew and key not in self:
             raise KeyError(
                 "can't create new attribute %s when allow_new_attr(False)" % key)
         dict.__setitem__(self, key, value)
 
     def __setattr__(self, key, value):
         """Set an attr with protection of class members.
 
         This calls :meth:`self.__setitem__` but convert :exc:`KeyError` to
         :exc:`AttributeError`.
 
         Examples
         --------
         >>> s = Struct()
         >>> s.a = 10
         >>> s.a
         10
         >>> try:
         ...     s.get = 10
         ... except AttributeError:
         ...     print("you can't set a class member")
         ...
         you can't set a class member
         """
         # If key is an str it might be a class member or instance var
         if isinstance(key, str):
             # I can't simply call hasattr here because it calls getattr, which
             # calls self.__getattr__, which returns True for keys in
             # self._data.  But I only want keys in the class and in
             # self.__dict__
             if key in self.__dict__ or hasattr(Struct, key):
                 raise AttributeError(
                     'attr %s is a protected member of class Struct.' % key
                 )
         try:
             self.__setitem__(key, value)
         except KeyError as e:
             raise AttributeError(e) from e
 
     def __getattr__(self, key):
         """Get an attr by calling :meth:`dict.__getitem__`.
 
         Like :meth:`__setattr__`, this method converts :exc:`KeyError` to
         :exc:`AttributeError`.
 
         Examples
         --------
         >>> s = Struct(a=10)
         >>> s.a
         10
         >>> type(s.get)
-        <... 'builtin_function_or_method'>
+        <...method'>
         >>> try:
         ...     s.b
         ... except AttributeError:
         ...     print("I don't have that key")
         ...
         I don't have that key
         """
         try:
             result = self[key]
         except KeyError as e:
             raise AttributeError(key) from e
         else:
             return result
 
     def __iadd__(self, other):
         """s += s2 is a shorthand for s.merge(s2).
 
         Examples
         --------
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,c=40)
         >>> s += s2
         >>> sorted(s.keys())
         ['a', 'b', 'c']
         """
         self.merge(other)
         return self
 
     def __add__(self,other):
         """s + s2 -> New Struct made from s.merge(s2).
 
         Examples
         --------
         >>> s1 = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,c=40)
         >>> s = s1 + s2
         >>> sorted(s.keys())
         ['a', 'b', 'c']
         """
         sout = self.copy()
         sout.merge(other)
         return sout
 
     def __sub__(self,other):
         """s1 - s2 -> remove keys in s2 from s1.
 
         Examples
         --------
         >>> s1 = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=40)
         >>> s = s1 - s2
         >>> s
         {'b': 30}
         """
         sout = self.copy()
         sout -= other
         return sout
 
     def __isub__(self,other):
         """Inplace remove keys from self that are in other.
 
         Examples
         --------
         >>> s1 = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=40)
         >>> s1 -= s2
         >>> s1
         {'b': 30}
         """
         for k in other.keys():
             if k in self:
                 del self[k]
         return self
 
     def __dict_invert(self, data):
         """Helper function for merge.
 
         Takes a dictionary whose values are lists and returns a dict with
         the elements of each list as keys and the original keys as values.
         """
         outdict = {}
         for k,lst in data.items():
             if isinstance(lst, str):
                 lst = lst.split()
             for entry in lst:
                 outdict[entry] = k
         return outdict
 
     def dict(self):
         return self
 
     def copy(self):
         """Return a copy as a Struct.
 
         Examples
         --------
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = s.copy()
         >>> type(s2) is Struct
         True
         """
         return Struct(dict.copy(self))
 
     def hasattr(self, key):
         """hasattr function available as a method.
 
         Implemented like has_key.
 
         Examples
         --------
         >>> s = Struct(a=10)
         >>> s.hasattr('a')
         True
         >>> s.hasattr('b')
         False
         >>> s.hasattr('get')
         False
         """
         return key in self
 
     def allow_new_attr(self, allow = True):
         """Set whether new attributes can be created in this Struct.
 
         This can be used to catch typos by verifying that the attribute user
         tries to change already exists in this Struct.
         """
         object.__setattr__(self, '_allownew', allow)
 
     def merge(self, __loc_data__=None, __conflict_solve=None, **kw):
         """Merge two Structs with customizable conflict resolution.
 
         This is similar to :meth:`update`, but much more flexible. First, a
         dict is made from data+key=value pairs. When merging this dict with
         the Struct S, the optional dictionary 'conflict' is used to decide
         what to do.
 
         If conflict is not given, the default behavior is to preserve any keys
         with their current value (the opposite of the :meth:`update` method's
         behavior).
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         __loc_data__ : dict, Struct
             The data to merge into self
         __conflict_solve : dict
             The conflict policy dict.  The keys are binary functions used to
             resolve the conflict and the values are lists of strings naming
             the keys the conflict resolution function applies to.  Instead of
             a list of strings a space separated string can be used, like
             'a b c'.
         **kw : dict
             Additional key, value pairs to merge in
 
         Notes
         -----
         The `__conflict_solve` dict is a dictionary of binary functions which will be used to
         solve key conflicts.  Here is an example::
 
             __conflict_solve = dict(
                 func1=['a','b','c'],
                 func2=['d','e']
             )
 
         In this case, the function :func:`func1` will be used to resolve
         keys 'a', 'b' and 'c' and the function :func:`func2` will be used for
         keys 'd' and 'e'.  This could also be written as::
 
             __conflict_solve = dict(func1='a b c',func2='d e')
 
         These functions will be called for each key they apply to with the
         form::
 
             func1(self['a'], other['a'])
 
         The return value is used as the final merged value.
 
         As a convenience, merge() provides five (the most commonly needed)
         pre-defined policies: preserve, update, add, add_flip and add_s. The
         easiest explanation is their implementation::
 
             preserve = lambda old,new: old
             update   = lambda old,new: new
             add      = lambda old,new: old + new
             add_flip = lambda old,new: new + old  # note change of order!
             add_s    = lambda old,new: old + ' ' + new  # only for str!
 
         You can use those four words (as strings) as keys instead
         of defining them as functions, and the merge method will substitute
         the appropriate functions for you.
 
         For more complicated conflict resolution policies, you still need to
         construct your own functions.
 
         Examples
         --------
         This show the default policy:
 
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,c=40)
         >>> s.merge(s2)
         >>> sorted(s.items())
         [('a', 10), ('b', 30), ('c', 40)]
 
         Now, show how to specify a conflict dict:
 
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,b=40)
         >>> conflict = {'update':'a','add':'b'}
         >>> s.merge(s2,conflict)
         >>> sorted(s.items())
         [('a', 20), ('b', 70)]
         """
 
         data_dict = dict(__loc_data__,**kw)
 
         # policies for conflict resolution: two argument functions which return
         # the value that will go in the new struct
         preserve = lambda old,new: old
         update   = lambda old,new: new
         add      = lambda old,new: old + new
         add_flip = lambda old,new: new + old  # note change of order!
         add_s    = lambda old,new: old + ' ' + new
 
         # default policy is to keep current keys when there's a conflict
         conflict_solve = dict.fromkeys(self, preserve)
 
         # the conflict_solve dictionary is given by the user 'inverted': we
         # need a name-function mapping, it comes as a function -> names
         # dict. Make a local copy (b/c we'll make changes), replace user
         # strings for the three builtin policies and invert it.
         if __conflict_solve:
             inv_conflict_solve_user = __conflict_solve.copy()
             for name, func in [('preserve',preserve), ('update',update),
                                ('add',add), ('add_flip',add_flip),
                                ('add_s',add_s)]:
                 if name in inv_conflict_solve_user.keys():
                     inv_conflict_solve_user[func] = inv_conflict_solve_user[name]
                     del inv_conflict_solve_user[name]
             conflict_solve.update(self.__dict_invert(inv_conflict_solve_user))
         for key in data_dict:
             if key not in self:
                 self[key] = data_dict[key]
             else:
                 self[key] = conflict_solve[key](self[key],data_dict[key])