pickle arrays with dtype=object

can't use memory views on these

closes  #4863

IPython/parallel/tests/test_view.py

@@ -1,835 +1,850 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """test View objects
 
 Authors:
 
 * Min RK
 """
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import base64
 import sys
 import platform
 import time
 from collections import namedtuple
 from tempfile import mktemp
 
 import zmq
 from nose.plugins.attrib import attr
 
 from IPython.testing import decorators as dec
 from IPython.utils.io import capture_output
 from IPython.utils.py3compat import unicode_type
 
 from IPython import parallel  as pmod
 from IPython.parallel import error
 from IPython.parallel import AsyncResult, AsyncHubResult, AsyncMapResult
 from IPython.parallel.util import interactive
 
 from IPython.parallel.tests import add_engines
 
 from .clienttest import ClusterTestCase, crash, wait, skip_without
 
 def setup():
     add_engines(3, total=True)
 
 point = namedtuple("point", "x y")
 
 class TestView(ClusterTestCase):
     
     def setUp(self):
         # On Win XP, wait for resource cleanup, else parallel test group fails
         if platform.system() == "Windows" and platform.win32_ver()[0] == "XP":
             # 1 sec fails. 1.5 sec seems ok. Using 2 sec for margin of safety
             time.sleep(2)
         super(TestView, self).setUp()
 
     @attr('crash')
     def test_z_crash_mux(self):
         """test graceful handling of engine death (direct)"""
         # self.add_engines(1)
         eid = self.client.ids[-1]
         ar = self.client[eid].apply_async(crash)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(error.EngineError, ar.get, 10)
         eid = ar.engine_id
         tic = time.time()
         while eid in self.client.ids and time.time()-tic < 5:
             time.sleep(.01)
             self.client.spin()
         self.assertFalse(eid in self.client.ids, "Engine should have died")
     
     def test_push_pull(self):
         """test pushing and pulling"""
         data = dict(a=10, b=1.05, c=list(range(10)), d={'e':(1,2),'f':'hi'})
         t = self.client.ids[-1]
         v = self.client[t]
         push = v.push
         pull = v.pull
         v.block=True
         nengines = len(self.client)
         push({'data':data})
         d = pull('data')
         self.assertEqual(d, data)
         self.client[:].push({'data':data})
         d = self.client[:].pull('data', block=True)
         self.assertEqual(d, nengines*[data])
         ar = push({'data':data}, block=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar, AsyncResult))
         r = ar.get()
         ar = self.client[:].pull('data', block=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar, AsyncResult))
         r = ar.get()
         self.assertEqual(r, nengines*[data])
         self.client[:].push(dict(a=10,b=20))
         r = self.client[:].pull(('a','b'), block=True)
         self.assertEqual(r, nengines*[[10,20]])
     
     def test_push_pull_function(self):
         "test pushing and pulling functions"
         def testf(x):
             return 2.0*x
         
         t = self.client.ids[-1]
         v = self.client[t]
         v.block=True
         push = v.push
         pull = v.pull
         execute = v.execute
         push({'testf':testf})
         r = pull('testf')
         self.assertEqual(r(1.0), testf(1.0))
         execute('r = testf(10)')
         r = pull('r')
         self.assertEqual(r, testf(10))
         ar = self.client[:].push({'testf':testf}, block=False)
         ar.get()
         ar = self.client[:].pull('testf', block=False)
         rlist = ar.get()
         for r in rlist:
             self.assertEqual(r(1.0), testf(1.0))
         execute("def g(x): return x*x")
         r = pull(('testf','g'))
         self.assertEqual((r[0](10),r[1](10)), (testf(10), 100))
     
     def test_push_function_globals(self):
         """test that pushed functions have access to globals"""
         @interactive
         def geta():
             return a
         # self.add_engines(1)
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.block=True
         v['f'] = geta
         self.assertRaisesRemote(NameError, v.execute, 'b=f()')
         v.execute('a=5')
         v.execute('b=f()')
         self.assertEqual(v['b'], 5)
     
     def test_push_function_defaults(self):
         """test that pushed functions preserve default args"""
         def echo(a=10):
             return a
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.block=True
         v['f'] = echo
         v.execute('b=f()')
         self.assertEqual(v['b'], 10)
 
     def test_get_result(self):
         """test getting results from the Hub."""
         c = pmod.Client(profile='iptest')
         # self.add_engines(1)
         t = c.ids[-1]
         v = c[t]
         v2 = self.client[t]
         ar = v.apply_async(wait, 1)
         # give the monitor time to notice the message
         time.sleep(.25)
         ahr = v2.get_result(ar.msg_ids[0])
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ahr, AsyncHubResult))
         self.assertEqual(ahr.get(), ar.get())
         ar2 = v2.get_result(ar.msg_ids[0])
         self.assertFalse(isinstance(ar2, AsyncHubResult))
         c.spin()
         c.close()
     
     def test_run_newline(self):
         """test that run appends newline to files"""
         tmpfile = mktemp()
         with open(tmpfile, 'w') as f:
             f.write("""def g():
                 return 5
                 """)
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.run(tmpfile, block=True)
         self.assertEqual(v.apply_sync(lambda f: f(), pmod.Reference('g')), 5)
 
     def test_apply_tracked(self):
         """test tracking for apply"""
         # self.add_engines(1)
         t = self.client.ids[-1]
         v = self.client[t]
         v.block=False
         def echo(n=1024*1024, **kwargs):
             with v.temp_flags(**kwargs):
                 return v.apply(lambda x: x, 'x'*n)
         ar = echo(1, track=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         ar = echo(track=True)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         self.assertEqual(ar.sent, ar._tracker.done)
         ar._tracker.wait()
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         
     def test_push_tracked(self):
         t = self.client.ids[-1]
         ns = dict(x='x'*1024*1024)
         v = self.client[t]
         ar = v.push(ns, block=False, track=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         
         ar = v.push(ns, block=False, track=True)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         ar._tracker.wait()
         self.assertEqual(ar.sent, ar._tracker.done)
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         ar.get()
         
     def test_scatter_tracked(self):
         t = self.client.ids
         x='x'*1024*1024
         ar = self.client[t].scatter('x', x, block=False, track=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         
         ar = self.client[t].scatter('x', x, block=False, track=True)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         self.assertEqual(ar.sent, ar._tracker.done)
         ar._tracker.wait()
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         ar.get()
     
     def test_remote_reference(self):
         v = self.client[-1]
         v['a'] = 123
         ra = pmod.Reference('a')
         b = v.apply_sync(lambda x: x, ra)
         self.assertEqual(b, 123)
 
 
     def test_scatter_gather(self):
         view = self.client[:]
         seq1 = list(range(16))
         view.scatter('a', seq1)
         seq2 = view.gather('a', block=True)
         self.assertEqual(seq2, seq1)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(NameError, view.gather, 'asdf', block=True)
     
     @skip_without('numpy')
     def test_scatter_gather_numpy(self):
         import numpy
         from numpy.testing.utils import assert_array_equal
         view = self.client[:]
         a = numpy.arange(64)
         view.scatter('a', a, block=True)
         b = view.gather('a', block=True)
         assert_array_equal(b, a)
     
     def test_scatter_gather_lazy(self):
         """scatter/gather with targets='all'"""
         view = self.client.direct_view(targets='all')
         x = list(range(64))
         view.scatter('x', x)
         gathered = view.gather('x', block=True)
         self.assertEqual(gathered, x)
         
 
     @dec.known_failure_py3
     @skip_without('numpy')
     def test_push_numpy_nocopy(self):
         import numpy
         view = self.client[:]
         a = numpy.arange(64)
         view['A'] = a
         @interactive
         def check_writeable(x):
             return x.flags.writeable
         
         for flag in view.apply_sync(check_writeable, pmod.Reference('A')):
             self.assertFalse(flag, "array is writeable, push shouldn't have pickled it")
         
         view.push(dict(B=a))
         for flag in view.apply_sync(check_writeable, pmod.Reference('B')):
             self.assertFalse(flag, "array is writeable, push shouldn't have pickled it")
     
     @skip_without('numpy')
     def test_apply_numpy(self):
         """view.apply(f, ndarray)"""
         import numpy
         from numpy.testing.utils import assert_array_equal
         
         A = numpy.random.random((100,100))
         view = self.client[-1]
         for dt in [ 'int32', 'uint8', 'float32', 'float64' ]:
             B = A.astype(dt)
             C = view.apply_sync(lambda x:x, B)
             assert_array_equal(B,C)
     
     @skip_without('numpy')
+    def test_apply_numpy_object_dtype(self):
+        """view.apply(f, ndarray) with dtype=object"""
+        import numpy
+        from numpy.testing.utils import assert_array_equal
+        view = self.client[-1]
+        
+        A = numpy.array([dict(a=5)])
+        B = view.apply_sync(lambda x:x, A)
+        assert_array_equal(A,B)
+        
+        A = numpy.array([(0, dict(b=10))], dtype=[('i', int), ('o', object)])
+        B = view.apply_sync(lambda x:x, A)
+        assert_array_equal(A,B)
+    
+    @skip_without('numpy')
     def test_push_pull_recarray(self):
         """push/pull recarrays"""
         import numpy
         from numpy.testing.utils import assert_array_equal
         
         view = self.client[-1]
         
         R = numpy.array([
             (1, 'hi', 0.),
             (2**30, 'there', 2.5),
             (-99999, 'world', -12345.6789),
         ], [('n', int), ('s', '|S10'), ('f', float)])
         
         view['RR'] = R
         R2 = view['RR']
         
         r_dtype, r_shape = view.apply_sync(interactive(lambda : (RR.dtype, RR.shape)))
         self.assertEqual(r_dtype, R.dtype)
         self.assertEqual(r_shape, R.shape)
         self.assertEqual(R2.dtype, R.dtype)
         self.assertEqual(R2.shape, R.shape)
         assert_array_equal(R2, R)
 
     @skip_without('pandas')
     def test_push_pull_timeseries(self):
         """push/pull pandas.TimeSeries"""
         import pandas
         
         ts = pandas.TimeSeries(list(range(10)))
         
         view = self.client[-1]
         
         view.push(dict(ts=ts), block=True)
         rts = view['ts']
         
         self.assertEqual(type(rts), type(ts))
         self.assertTrue((ts == rts).all())
     
     def test_map(self):
         view = self.client[:]
         def f(x):
             return x**2
         data = list(range(16))
         r = view.map_sync(f, data)
         self.assertEqual(r, list(map(f, data)))
     
     def test_map_iterable(self):
         """test map on iterables (direct)"""
         view = self.client[:]
         # 101 is prime, so it won't be evenly distributed
         arr = range(101)
         # ensure it will be an iterator, even in Python 3
         it = iter(arr)
         r = view.map_sync(lambda x: x, it)
         self.assertEqual(r, list(arr))
 
     @skip_without('numpy')
     def test_map_numpy(self):
         """test map on numpy arrays (direct)"""
         import numpy
         from numpy.testing.utils import assert_array_equal
 
         view = self.client[:]
         # 101 is prime, so it won't be evenly distributed
         arr = numpy.arange(101)
         r = view.map_sync(lambda x: x, arr)
         assert_array_equal(r, arr)
     
     def test_scatter_gather_nonblocking(self):
         data = list(range(16))
         view = self.client[:]
         view.scatter('a', data, block=False)
         ar = view.gather('a', block=False)
         self.assertEqual(ar.get(), data)
     
     @skip_without('numpy')
     def test_scatter_gather_numpy_nonblocking(self):
         import numpy
         from numpy.testing.utils import assert_array_equal
         a = numpy.arange(64)
         view = self.client[:]
         ar = view.scatter('a', a, block=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar, AsyncResult))
         amr = view.gather('a', block=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(amr, AsyncMapResult))
         assert_array_equal(amr.get(), a)
 
     def test_execute(self):
         view = self.client[:]
         # self.client.debug=True
         execute = view.execute
         ar = execute('c=30', block=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar, AsyncResult))
         ar = execute('d=[0,1,2]', block=False)
         self.client.wait(ar, 1)
         self.assertEqual(len(ar.get()), len(self.client))
         for c in view['c']:
             self.assertEqual(c, 30)
     
     def test_abort(self):
         view = self.client[-1]
         ar = view.execute('import time; time.sleep(1)', block=False)
         ar2 = view.apply_async(lambda : 2)
         ar3 = view.apply_async(lambda : 3)
         view.abort(ar2)
         view.abort(ar3.msg_ids)
         self.assertRaises(error.TaskAborted, ar2.get)
         self.assertRaises(error.TaskAborted, ar3.get)
     
     def test_abort_all(self):
         """view.abort() aborts all outstanding tasks"""
         view = self.client[-1]
         ars = [ view.apply_async(time.sleep, 0.25) for i in range(10) ]
         view.abort()
         view.wait(timeout=5)
         for ar in ars[5:]:
             self.assertRaises(error.TaskAborted, ar.get)
     
     def test_temp_flags(self):
         view = self.client[-1]
         view.block=True
         with view.temp_flags(block=False):
             self.assertFalse(view.block)
         self.assertTrue(view.block)
     
     @dec.known_failure_py3
     def test_importer(self):
         view = self.client[-1]
         view.clear(block=True)
         with view.importer:
             import re
         
         @interactive
         def findall(pat, s):
             # this globals() step isn't necessary in real code
             # only to prevent a closure in the test
             re = globals()['re']
             return re.findall(pat, s)
         
         self.assertEqual(view.apply_sync(findall, '\w+', 'hello world'), 'hello world'.split())
     
     def test_unicode_execute(self):
         """test executing unicode strings"""
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.block=True
         if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
             code="a='é'"
         else:
             code=u"a=u'é'"
         v.execute(code)
         self.assertEqual(v['a'], u'é')
         
     def test_unicode_apply_result(self):
         """test unicode apply results"""
         v = self.client[-1]
         r = v.apply_sync(lambda : u'é')
         self.assertEqual(r, u'é')
     
     def test_unicode_apply_arg(self):
         """test passing unicode arguments to apply"""
         v = self.client[-1]
         
         @interactive
         def check_unicode(a, check):
             assert not isinstance(a, bytes), "%r is bytes, not unicode"%a
             assert isinstance(check, bytes), "%r is not bytes"%check
             assert a.encode('utf8') == check, "%s != %s"%(a,check)
         
         for s in [ u'é', u'ßø®∫',u'asdf' ]:
             try:
                 v.apply_sync(check_unicode, s, s.encode('utf8'))
             except error.RemoteError as e:
                 if e.ename == 'AssertionError':
                     self.fail(e.evalue)
                 else:
                     raise e
     
     def test_map_reference(self):
         """view.map(<Reference>, *seqs) should work"""
         v = self.client[:]
         v.scatter('n', self.client.ids, flatten=True)
         v.execute("f = lambda x,y: x*y")
         rf = pmod.Reference('f')
         nlist = list(range(10))
         mlist = nlist[::-1]
         expected = [ m*n for m,n in zip(mlist, nlist) ]
         result = v.map_sync(rf, mlist, nlist)
         self.assertEqual(result, expected)
 
     def test_apply_reference(self):
         """view.apply(<Reference>, *args) should work"""
         v = self.client[:]
         v.scatter('n', self.client.ids, flatten=True)
         v.execute("f = lambda x: n*x")
         rf = pmod.Reference('f')
         result = v.apply_sync(rf, 5)
         expected = [ 5*id for id in self.client.ids ]
         self.assertEqual(result, expected)
     
     def test_eval_reference(self):
         v = self.client[self.client.ids[0]]
         v['g'] = list(range(5))
         rg = pmod.Reference('g[0]')
         echo = lambda x:x
         self.assertEqual(v.apply_sync(echo, rg), 0)
     
     def test_reference_nameerror(self):
         v = self.client[self.client.ids[0]]
         r = pmod.Reference('elvis_has_left')
         echo = lambda x:x
         self.assertRaisesRemote(NameError, v.apply_sync, echo, r)
 
     def test_single_engine_map(self):
         e0 = self.client[self.client.ids[0]]
         r = list(range(5))
         check = [ -1*i for i in r ]
         result = e0.map_sync(lambda x: -1*x, r)
         self.assertEqual(result, check)
     
     def test_len(self):
         """len(view) makes sense"""
         e0 = self.client[self.client.ids[0]]
         self.assertEqual(len(e0), 1)
         v = self.client[:]
         self.assertEqual(len(v), len(self.client.ids))
         v = self.client.direct_view('all')
         self.assertEqual(len(v), len(self.client.ids))
         v = self.client[:2]
         self.assertEqual(len(v), 2)
         v = self.client[:1]
         self.assertEqual(len(v), 1)
         v = self.client.load_balanced_view()
         self.assertEqual(len(v), len(self.client.ids))
 
     
     # begin execute tests
     
     def test_execute_reply(self):
         e0 = self.client[self.client.ids[0]]
         e0.block = True
         ar = e0.execute("5", silent=False)
         er = ar.get()
         self.assertEqual(str(er), "<ExecuteReply[%i]: 5>" % er.execution_count)
         self.assertEqual(er.pyout['data']['text/plain'], '5')
 
     def test_execute_reply_rich(self):
         e0 = self.client[self.client.ids[0]]
         e0.block = True
         e0.execute("from IPython.display import Image, HTML")
         ar = e0.execute("Image(data=b'garbage', format='png', width=10)", silent=False)
         er = ar.get()
         b64data = base64.encodestring(b'garbage').decode('ascii')
         self.assertEqual(er._repr_png_(), (b64data, dict(width=10)))
         ar = e0.execute("HTML('<b>bold</b>')", silent=False)
         er = ar.get()
         self.assertEqual(er._repr_html_(), "<b>bold</b>")
 
     def test_execute_reply_stdout(self):
         e0 = self.client[self.client.ids[0]]
         e0.block = True
         ar = e0.execute("print (5)", silent=False)
         er = ar.get()
         self.assertEqual(er.stdout.strip(), '5')
         
     def test_execute_pyout(self):
         """execute triggers pyout with silent=False"""
         view = self.client[:]
         ar = view.execute("5", silent=False, block=True)
         
         expected = [{'text/plain' : '5'}] * len(view)
         mimes = [ out['data'] for out in ar.pyout ]
         self.assertEqual(mimes, expected)
     
     def test_execute_silent(self):
         """execute does not trigger pyout with silent=True"""
         view = self.client[:]
         ar = view.execute("5", block=True)
         expected = [None] * len(view)
         self.assertEqual(ar.pyout, expected)
     
     def test_execute_magic(self):
         """execute accepts IPython commands"""
         view = self.client[:]
         view.execute("a = 5")
         ar = view.execute("%whos", block=True)
         # this will raise, if that failed
         ar.get(5)
         for stdout in ar.stdout:
             lines = stdout.splitlines()
             self.assertEqual(lines[0].split(), ['Variable', 'Type', 'Data/Info'])
             found = False
             for line in lines[2:]:
                 split = line.split()
                 if split == ['a', 'int', '5']:
                     found = True
                     break
             self.assertTrue(found, "whos output wrong: %s" % stdout)
     
     def test_execute_displaypub(self):
         """execute tracks display_pub output"""
         view = self.client[:]
         view.execute("from IPython.core.display import *")
         ar = view.execute("[ display(i) for i in range(5) ]", block=True)
         
         expected = [ {u'text/plain' : unicode_type(j)} for j in range(5) ]
         for outputs in ar.outputs:
             mimes = [ out['data'] for out in outputs ]
             self.assertEqual(mimes, expected)
     
     def test_apply_displaypub(self):
         """apply tracks display_pub output"""
         view = self.client[:]
         view.execute("from IPython.core.display import *")
         
         @interactive
         def publish():
             [ display(i) for i in range(5) ]
         
         ar = view.apply_async(publish)
         ar.get(5)
         expected = [ {u'text/plain' : unicode_type(j)} for j in range(5) ]
         for outputs in ar.outputs:
             mimes = [ out['data'] for out in outputs ]
             self.assertEqual(mimes, expected)
     
     def test_execute_raises(self):
         """exceptions in execute requests raise appropriately"""
         view = self.client[-1]
         ar = view.execute("1/0")
         self.assertRaisesRemote(ZeroDivisionError, ar.get, 2)
     
     def test_remoteerror_render_exception(self):
         """RemoteErrors get nice tracebacks"""
         view = self.client[-1]
         ar = view.execute("1/0")
         ip = get_ipython()
         ip.user_ns['ar'] = ar
         with capture_output() as io:
             ip.run_cell("ar.get(2)")
         
         self.assertTrue('ZeroDivisionError' in io.stdout, io.stdout)
     
     def test_compositeerror_render_exception(self):
         """CompositeErrors get nice tracebacks"""
         view = self.client[:]
         ar = view.execute("1/0")
         ip = get_ipython()
         ip.user_ns['ar'] = ar
 
         with capture_output() as io:
             ip.run_cell("ar.get(2)")
         
         count = min(error.CompositeError.tb_limit, len(view))
         
         self.assertEqual(io.stdout.count('ZeroDivisionError'), count * 2, io.stdout)
         self.assertEqual(io.stdout.count('by zero'), count, io.stdout)
         self.assertEqual(io.stdout.count(':execute'), count, io.stdout)
     
     def test_compositeerror_truncate(self):
         """Truncate CompositeErrors with many exceptions"""
         view = self.client[:]
         msg_ids = []
         for i in range(10):
             ar = view.execute("1/0")
             msg_ids.extend(ar.msg_ids)
         
         ar = self.client.get_result(msg_ids)
         try:
             ar.get()
         except error.CompositeError as _e:
             e = _e
         else:
             self.fail("Should have raised CompositeError")
         
         lines = e.render_traceback()
         with capture_output() as io:
             e.print_traceback()
         
         self.assertTrue("more exceptions" in lines[-1])
         count = e.tb_limit
         
         self.assertEqual(io.stdout.count('ZeroDivisionError'), 2 * count, io.stdout)
         self.assertEqual(io.stdout.count('by zero'), count, io.stdout)
         self.assertEqual(io.stdout.count(':execute'), count, io.stdout)
     
     @dec.skipif_not_matplotlib
     def test_magic_pylab(self):
         """%pylab works on engines"""
         view = self.client[-1]
         ar = view.execute("%pylab inline")
         # at least check if this raised:
         reply = ar.get(5)
         # include imports, in case user config
         ar = view.execute("plot(rand(100))", silent=False)
         reply = ar.get(5)
         self.assertEqual(len(reply.outputs), 1)
         output = reply.outputs[0]
         self.assertTrue("data" in output)
         data = output['data']
         self.assertTrue("image/png" in data)
     
     def test_func_default_func(self):
         """interactively defined function as apply func default"""
         def foo():
             return 'foo'
         
         def bar(f=foo):
             return f()
         
         view = self.client[-1]
         ar = view.apply_async(bar)
         r = ar.get(10)
         self.assertEqual(r, 'foo')
     def test_data_pub_single(self):
         view = self.client[-1]
         ar = view.execute('\n'.join([
             'from IPython.kernel.zmq.datapub import publish_data',
             'for i in range(5):',
             '  publish_data(dict(i=i))'
         ]), block=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar.data, dict))
         ar.get(5)
         self.assertEqual(ar.data, dict(i=4))
 
     def test_data_pub(self):
         view = self.client[:]
         ar = view.execute('\n'.join([
             'from IPython.kernel.zmq.datapub import publish_data',
             'for i in range(5):',
             '  publish_data(dict(i=i))'
         ]), block=False)
         self.assertTrue(all(isinstance(d, dict) for d in ar.data))
         ar.get(5)
         self.assertEqual(ar.data, [dict(i=4)] * len(ar))
     
     def test_can_list_arg(self):
         """args in lists are canned"""
         view = self.client[-1]
         view['a'] = 128
         rA = pmod.Reference('a')
         ar = view.apply_async(lambda x: x, [rA])
         r = ar.get(5)
         self.assertEqual(r, [128])
 
     def test_can_dict_arg(self):
         """args in dicts are canned"""
         view = self.client[-1]
         view['a'] = 128
         rA = pmod.Reference('a')
         ar = view.apply_async(lambda x: x, dict(foo=rA))
         r = ar.get(5)
         self.assertEqual(r, dict(foo=128))
 
     def test_can_list_kwarg(self):
         """kwargs in lists are canned"""
         view = self.client[-1]
         view['a'] = 128
         rA = pmod.Reference('a')
         ar = view.apply_async(lambda x=5: x, x=[rA])
         r = ar.get(5)
         self.assertEqual(r, [128])
 
     def test_can_dict_kwarg(self):
         """kwargs in dicts are canned"""
         view = self.client[-1]
         view['a'] = 128
         rA = pmod.Reference('a')
         ar = view.apply_async(lambda x=5: x, dict(foo=rA))
         r = ar.get(5)
         self.assertEqual(r, dict(foo=128))
     
     def test_map_ref(self):
         """view.map works with references"""
         view = self.client[:]
         ranks = sorted(self.client.ids)
         view.scatter('rank', ranks, flatten=True)
         rrank = pmod.Reference('rank')
         
         amr = view.map_async(lambda x: x*2, [rrank] * len(view))
         drank = amr.get(5)
         self.assertEqual(drank, [ r*2 for r in ranks ])
         
     def test_nested_getitem_setitem(self):
         """get and set with view['a.b']"""
         view = self.client[-1]
         view.execute('\n'.join([
             'class A(object): pass',
             'a = A()',
             'a.b = 128',
             ]), block=True)
         ra = pmod.Reference('a')
 
         r = view.apply_sync(lambda x: x.b, ra)
         self.assertEqual(r, 128)
         self.assertEqual(view['a.b'], 128)
 
         view['a.b'] = 0
 
         r = view.apply_sync(lambda x: x.b, ra)
         self.assertEqual(r, 0)
         self.assertEqual(view['a.b'], 0)
     
     def test_return_namedtuple(self):
         def namedtuplify(x, y):
             from IPython.parallel.tests.test_view import point
             return point(x, y)
         
         view = self.client[-1]
         p = view.apply_sync(namedtuplify, 1, 2)
         self.assertEqual(p.x, 1)
         self.assertEqual(p.y, 2)
 
     def test_apply_namedtuple(self):
         def echoxy(p):
             return p.y, p.x
         
         view = self.client[-1]
         tup = view.apply_sync(echoxy, point(1, 2))
         self.assertEqual(tup, (2,1))
     
     def test_sync_imports(self):
         view = self.client[-1]
         with capture_output() as io:
             with view.sync_imports():
                 import IPython
         self.assertIn("IPython", io.stdout)
         
         @interactive
         def find_ipython():
             return 'IPython' in globals()
         
         assert view.apply_sync(find_ipython)
 
     def test_sync_imports_quiet(self):
         view = self.client[-1]
         with capture_output() as io:
             with view.sync_imports(quiet=True):
                 import IPython
         self.assertEqual(io.stdout, '')
         
         @interactive
         def find_ipython():
             return 'IPython' in globals()
         
         assert view.apply_sync(find_ipython)
 

IPython/utils/pickleutil.py

@@ -1,382 +1,390 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 
 """Pickle related utilities. Perhaps this should be called 'can'."""
 
 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import copy
 import logging
 import sys
 from types import FunctionType
 
 try:
     import cPickle as pickle
 except ImportError:
     import pickle
 
 from . import codeutil  # This registers a hook when it's imported
 from . import py3compat
 from .importstring import import_item
 from .py3compat import string_types, iteritems
 
 from IPython.config import Application
 
 if py3compat.PY3:
     buffer = memoryview
     class_type = type
 else:
     from types import ClassType
     class_type = (type, ClassType)
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Functions
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 def use_dill():
     """use dill to expand serialization support
     
     adds support for object methods and closures to serialization.
     """
     # import dill causes most of the magic
     import dill
     
     # dill doesn't work with cPickle,
     # tell the two relevant modules to use plain pickle
     
     global pickle
     pickle = dill
 
     try:
         from IPython.kernel.zmq import serialize
     except ImportError:
         pass
     else:
         serialize.pickle = dill
     
     # disable special function handling, let dill take care of it
     can_map.pop(FunctionType, None)
 
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class CannedObject(object):
     def __init__(self, obj, keys=[], hook=None):
         """can an object for safe pickling
         
         Parameters
         ==========
         
         obj:
             The object to be canned
         keys: list (optional)
             list of attribute names that will be explicitly canned / uncanned
         hook: callable (optional)
             An optional extra callable,
             which can do additional processing of the uncanned object.
         
         large data may be offloaded into the buffers list,
         used for zero-copy transfers.
         """
         self.keys = keys
         self.obj = copy.copy(obj)
         self.hook = can(hook)
         for key in keys:
             setattr(self.obj, key, can(getattr(obj, key)))
         
         self.buffers = []
 
     def get_object(self, g=None):
         if g is None:
             g = {}
         obj = self.obj
         for key in self.keys:
             setattr(obj, key, uncan(getattr(obj, key), g))
         
         if self.hook:
             self.hook = uncan(self.hook, g)
             self.hook(obj, g)
         return self.obj
     
 
 class Reference(CannedObject):
     """object for wrapping a remote reference by name."""
     def __init__(self, name):
         if not isinstance(name, string_types):
             raise TypeError("illegal name: %r"%name)
         self.name = name
         self.buffers = []
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<Reference: %r>"%self.name
 
     def get_object(self, g=None):
         if g is None:
             g = {}
         
         return eval(self.name, g)
 
 
 class CannedFunction(CannedObject):
 
     def __init__(self, f):
         self._check_type(f)
         self.code = f.__code__
         if f.__defaults__:
             self.defaults = [ can(fd) for fd in f.__defaults__ ]
         else:
             self.defaults = None
         self.module = f.__module__ or '__main__'
         self.__name__ = f.__name__
         self.buffers = []
 
     def _check_type(self, obj):
         assert isinstance(obj, FunctionType), "Not a function type"
 
     def get_object(self, g=None):
         # try to load function back into its module:
         if not self.module.startswith('__'):
             __import__(self.module)
             g = sys.modules[self.module].__dict__
 
         if g is None:
             g = {}
         if self.defaults:
             defaults = tuple(uncan(cfd, g) for cfd in self.defaults)
         else:
             defaults = None
         newFunc = FunctionType(self.code, g, self.__name__, defaults)
         return newFunc
 
 class CannedClass(CannedObject):
 
     def __init__(self, cls):
         self._check_type(cls)
         self.name = cls.__name__
         self.old_style = not isinstance(cls, type)
         self._canned_dict = {}
         for k,v in cls.__dict__.items():
             if k not in ('__weakref__', '__dict__'):
                 self._canned_dict[k] = can(v)
         if self.old_style:
             mro = []
         else:
             mro = cls.mro()
         
         self.parents = [ can(c) for c in mro[1:] ]
         self.buffers = []
 
     def _check_type(self, obj):
         assert isinstance(obj, class_type), "Not a class type"
 
     def get_object(self, g=None):
         parents = tuple(uncan(p, g) for p in self.parents)
         return type(self.name, parents, uncan_dict(self._canned_dict, g=g))
 
 class CannedArray(CannedObject):
     def __init__(self, obj):
         from numpy import ascontiguousarray
         self.shape = obj.shape
         self.dtype = obj.dtype.descr if obj.dtype.fields else obj.dtype.str
+        self.pickled = False
         if sum(obj.shape) == 0:
+            self.pickled = True
+        elif obj.dtype == 'O':
+            # can't handle object dtype with buffer approach
+            self.pickled = True
+        elif obj.dtype.fields and any(dt == 'O' for dt,sz in obj.dtype.fields.values()):
+            self.pickled = True
+        if self.pickled:
             # just pickle it
             self.buffers = [pickle.dumps(obj, -1)]
         else:
             # ensure contiguous
             obj = ascontiguousarray(obj, dtype=None)
             self.buffers = [buffer(obj)]
     
     def get_object(self, g=None):
         from numpy import frombuffer
         data = self.buffers[0]
-        if sum(self.shape) == 0:
+        if self.pickled:
             # no shape, we just pickled it
             return pickle.loads(data)
         else:
             return frombuffer(data, dtype=self.dtype).reshape(self.shape)
 
 
 class CannedBytes(CannedObject):
     wrap = bytes
     def __init__(self, obj):
         self.buffers = [obj]
     
     def get_object(self, g=None):
         data = self.buffers[0]
         return self.wrap(data)
 
 def CannedBuffer(CannedBytes):
     wrap = buffer
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Functions
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def _logger():
     """get the logger for the current Application
     
     the root logger will be used if no Application is running
     """
     if Application.initialized():
         logger = Application.instance().log
     else:
         logger = logging.getLogger()
         if not logger.handlers:
             logging.basicConfig()
     
     return logger
 
 def _import_mapping(mapping, original=None):
     """import any string-keys in a type mapping
     
     """
     log = _logger()
     log.debug("Importing canning map")
     for key,value in list(mapping.items()):
         if isinstance(key, string_types):
             try:
                 cls = import_item(key)
             except Exception:
                 if original and key not in original:
                     # only message on user-added classes
                     log.error("canning class not importable: %r", key, exc_info=True)
                 mapping.pop(key)
             else:
                 mapping[cls] = mapping.pop(key)
 
 def istype(obj, check):
     """like isinstance(obj, check), but strict
     
     This won't catch subclasses.
     """
     if isinstance(check, tuple):
         for cls in check:
             if type(obj) is cls:
                 return True
         return False
     else:
         return type(obj) is check
 
 def can(obj):
     """prepare an object for pickling"""
     
     import_needed = False
     
     for cls,canner in iteritems(can_map):
         if isinstance(cls, string_types):
             import_needed = True
             break
         elif istype(obj, cls):
             return canner(obj)
     
     if import_needed:
         # perform can_map imports, then try again
         # this will usually only happen once
         _import_mapping(can_map, _original_can_map)
         return can(obj)
     
     return obj
 
 def can_class(obj):
     if isinstance(obj, class_type) and obj.__module__ == '__main__':
         return CannedClass(obj)
     else:
         return obj
 
 def can_dict(obj):
     """can the *values* of a dict"""
     if istype(obj, dict):
         newobj = {}
         for k, v in iteritems(obj):
             newobj[k] = can(v)
         return newobj
     else:
         return obj
 
 sequence_types = (list, tuple, set)
 
 def can_sequence(obj):
     """can the elements of a sequence"""
     if istype(obj, sequence_types):
         t = type(obj)
         return t([can(i) for i in obj])
     else:
         return obj
 
 def uncan(obj, g=None):
     """invert canning"""
     
     import_needed = False
     for cls,uncanner in iteritems(uncan_map):
         if isinstance(cls, string_types):
             import_needed = True
             break
         elif isinstance(obj, cls):
             return uncanner(obj, g)
     
     if import_needed:
         # perform uncan_map imports, then try again
         # this will usually only happen once
         _import_mapping(uncan_map, _original_uncan_map)
         return uncan(obj, g)
     
     return obj
 
 def uncan_dict(obj, g=None):
     if istype(obj, dict):
         newobj = {}
         for k, v in iteritems(obj):
             newobj[k] = uncan(v,g)
         return newobj
     else:
         return obj
 
 def uncan_sequence(obj, g=None):
     if istype(obj, sequence_types):
         t = type(obj)
         return t([uncan(i,g) for i in obj])
     else:
         return obj
 
 def _uncan_dependent_hook(dep, g=None):
     dep.check_dependency()
     
 def can_dependent(obj):
     return CannedObject(obj, keys=('f', 'df'), hook=_uncan_dependent_hook)
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # API dictionaries
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # These dicts can be extended for custom serialization of new objects
 
 can_map = {
     'IPython.parallel.dependent' : can_dependent,
     'numpy.ndarray' : CannedArray,
     FunctionType : CannedFunction,
     bytes : CannedBytes,
     buffer : CannedBuffer,
     class_type : can_class,
 }
 
 uncan_map = {
     CannedObject : lambda obj, g: obj.get_object(g),
 }
 
 # for use in _import_mapping:
 _original_can_map = can_map.copy()
 _original_uncan_map = uncan_map.copy()