more IPShellQt* cleanup

IPython/Shell.py

@@ -1,1178 +1,1121 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """IPython Shell classes.
 
 All the matplotlib support code was co-developed with John Hunter,
 matplotlib's author.
 
-$Id: Shell.py 2756 2007-09-10 18:25:30Z darren.dale $"""
+$Id: Shell.py 2758 2007-09-10 20:56:27Z darren.dale $"""
 
 #*****************************************************************************
 #       Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fernando Perez <[e-mail]>
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #*****************************************************************************
 
 from IPython import Release
 __author__  = '%s <%s>' % Release.authors['Fernando']
 __license__ = Release.license
 
 # Code begins
 # Stdlib imports
 import __builtin__
 import __main__
 import Queue
 import inspect
 import os
 import sys
 import thread
 import threading
 import time
 
 from signal import signal, SIGINT
 
 try:
     import ctypes
     HAS_CTYPES = True
 except ImportError:
     HAS_CTYPES = False
 
 # IPython imports
 import IPython
 from IPython import ultraTB, ipapi
 from IPython.genutils import Term,warn,error,flag_calls, ask_yes_no
 from IPython.iplib import InteractiveShell
 from IPython.ipmaker import make_IPython
 from IPython.Magic import Magic
 from IPython.ipstruct import Struct
 
 
 # Globals
 # global flag to pass around information about Ctrl-C without exceptions
 KBINT = False
 
 # global flag to turn on/off Tk support.
 USE_TK = False
 
 # ID for the main thread, used for cross-thread exceptions
 MAIN_THREAD_ID = thread.get_ident()
 
 # Tag when runcode() is active, for exception handling
 CODE_RUN = None
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # This class is trivial now, but I want to have it in to publish a clean
 # interface. Later when the internals are reorganized, code that uses this
 # shouldn't have to change.
 
 class IPShell:
     """Create an IPython instance."""
     
     def __init__(self,argv=None,user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None,
                  debug=1,shell_class=InteractiveShell):
         self.IP = make_IPython(argv,user_ns=user_ns,
                                user_global_ns=user_global_ns,
                                debug=debug,shell_class=shell_class)
 
     def mainloop(self,sys_exit=0,banner=None):
         self.IP.mainloop(banner)
         if sys_exit:
             sys.exit()
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def kill_embedded(self,parameter_s=''):
     """%kill_embedded : deactivate for good the current embedded IPython.
 
     This function (after asking for confirmation) sets an internal flag so that
     an embedded IPython will never activate again.  This is useful to
     permanently disable a shell that is being called inside a loop: once you've
     figured out what you needed from it, you may then kill it and the program
     will then continue to run without the interactive shell interfering again.
     """
     
     kill = ask_yes_no("Are you sure you want to kill this embedded instance "
                      "(y/n)? [y/N] ",'n')
     if kill:
         self.shell.embedded_active = False
         print "This embedded IPython will not reactivate anymore once you exit."
     
 class IPShellEmbed:
     """Allow embedding an IPython shell into a running program.
 
     Instances of this class are callable, with the __call__ method being an
     alias to the embed() method of an InteractiveShell instance.
 
     Usage (see also the example-embed.py file for a running example):
 
     ipshell = IPShellEmbed([argv,banner,exit_msg,rc_override])
 
     - argv: list containing valid command-line options for IPython, as they
     would appear in sys.argv[1:].
 
     For example, the following command-line options:
 
       $ ipython -prompt_in1 'Input <\\#>' -colors LightBG
 
     would be passed in the argv list as:
 
       ['-prompt_in1','Input <\\#>','-colors','LightBG']
 
     - banner: string which gets printed every time the interpreter starts.
 
     - exit_msg: string which gets printed every time the interpreter exits.
 
     - rc_override: a dict or Struct of configuration options such as those
     used by IPython. These options are read from your ~/.ipython/ipythonrc
     file when the Shell object is created. Passing an explicit rc_override
     dict with any options you want allows you to override those values at
     creation time without having to modify the file. This way you can create
     embeddable instances configured in any way you want without editing any
     global files (thus keeping your interactive IPython configuration
     unchanged).
 
     Then the ipshell instance can be called anywhere inside your code:
     
     ipshell(header='') -> Opens up an IPython shell.
 
     - header: string printed by the IPython shell upon startup. This can let
     you know where in your code you are when dropping into the shell. Note
     that 'banner' gets prepended to all calls, so header is used for
     location-specific information.
 
     For more details, see the __call__ method below.
 
     When the IPython shell is exited with Ctrl-D, normal program execution
     resumes.
 
     This functionality was inspired by a posting on comp.lang.python by cmkl
     <[e-mail]> on Dec. 06/01 concerning similar uses of pyrepl, and
     by the IDL stop/continue commands."""
 
     def __init__(self,argv=None,banner='',exit_msg=None,rc_override=None,
                  user_ns=None):
         """Note that argv here is a string, NOT a list."""
         self.set_banner(banner)
         self.set_exit_msg(exit_msg)
         self.set_dummy_mode(0)
 
         # sys.displayhook is a global, we need to save the user's original
         # Don't rely on __displayhook__, as the user may have changed that.
         self.sys_displayhook_ori = sys.displayhook
 
         # save readline completer status
         try:
             #print 'Save completer',sys.ipcompleter  # dbg
             self.sys_ipcompleter_ori = sys.ipcompleter
         except:
             pass # not nested with IPython
         
         self.IP = make_IPython(argv,rc_override=rc_override,
                                embedded=True,
                                user_ns=user_ns)
 
         ip = ipapi.IPApi(self.IP)
         ip.expose_magic("kill_embedded",kill_embedded)
 
         # copy our own displayhook also
         self.sys_displayhook_embed = sys.displayhook
         # and leave the system's display hook clean
         sys.displayhook = self.sys_displayhook_ori
         # don't use the ipython crash handler so that user exceptions aren't
         # trapped
         sys.excepthook = ultraTB.FormattedTB(color_scheme = self.IP.rc.colors,
                                              mode = self.IP.rc.xmode,
                                              call_pdb = self.IP.rc.pdb)
         self.restore_system_completer()
 
     def restore_system_completer(self):
         """Restores the readline completer which was in place.
 
         This allows embedded IPython within IPython not to disrupt the
         parent's completion.
         """
         
         try:
             self.IP.readline.set_completer(self.sys_ipcompleter_ori)
             sys.ipcompleter = self.sys_ipcompleter_ori
         except:
             pass
 
     def __call__(self,header='',local_ns=None,global_ns=None,dummy=None):
         """Activate the interactive interpreter.
 
         __call__(self,header='',local_ns=None,global_ns,dummy=None) -> Start
         the interpreter shell with the given local and global namespaces, and
         optionally print a header string at startup.
 
         The shell can be globally activated/deactivated using the
         set/get_dummy_mode methods. This allows you to turn off a shell used
         for debugging globally.
 
         However, *each* time you call the shell you can override the current
         state of dummy_mode with the optional keyword parameter 'dummy'. For
         example, if you set dummy mode on with IPShell.set_dummy_mode(1), you
         can still have a specific call work by making it as IPShell(dummy=0).
 
         The optional keyword parameter dummy controls whether the call
         actually does anything.  """
 
         # If the user has turned it off, go away
         if not self.IP.embedded_active:
             return
 
         # Normal exits from interactive mode set this flag, so the shell can't
         # re-enter (it checks this variable at the start of interactive mode).
         self.IP.exit_now = False
 
         # Allow the dummy parameter to override the global __dummy_mode
         if dummy or (dummy != 0 and self.__dummy_mode):
             return
 
         # Set global subsystems (display,completions) to our values
         sys.displayhook = self.sys_displayhook_embed
         if self.IP.has_readline:
             self.IP.set_completer()
 
         if self.banner and header:
             format = '%s\n%s\n'
         else:
             format = '%s%s\n'
         banner =  format % (self.banner,header)
 
         # Call the embedding code with a stack depth of 1 so it can skip over
         # our call and get the original caller's namespaces.
         self.IP.embed_mainloop(banner,local_ns,global_ns,stack_depth=1)
 
         if self.exit_msg:
             print self.exit_msg
             
         # Restore global systems (display, completion)
         sys.displayhook = self.sys_displayhook_ori
         self.restore_system_completer()
     
     def set_dummy_mode(self,dummy):
         """Sets the embeddable shell's dummy mode parameter.
 
         set_dummy_mode(dummy): dummy = 0 or 1.
 
         This parameter is persistent and makes calls to the embeddable shell
         silently return without performing any action. This allows you to
         globally activate or deactivate a shell you're using with a single call.
 
         If you need to manually"""
 
         if dummy not in [0,1,False,True]:
             raise ValueError,'dummy parameter must be boolean'
         self.__dummy_mode = dummy
 
     def get_dummy_mode(self):
         """Return the current value of the dummy mode parameter.
         """
         return self.__dummy_mode
     
     def set_banner(self,banner):
         """Sets the global banner.
 
         This banner gets prepended to every header printed when the shell
         instance is called."""
 
         self.banner = banner
 
     def set_exit_msg(self,exit_msg):
         """Sets the global exit_msg.
 
         This exit message gets printed upon exiting every time the embedded
         shell is called. It is None by default. """
 
         self.exit_msg = exit_msg
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 if HAS_CTYPES:
     #  Add async exception support.  Trick taken from:
     # http://sebulba.wikispaces.com/recipe+thread2
     def _async_raise(tid, exctype):
         """raises the exception, performs cleanup if needed"""
         if not inspect.isclass(exctype):
             raise TypeError("Only types can be raised (not instances)")
         res = ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(tid,
                                                          ctypes.py_object(exctype))
         if res == 0:
             raise ValueError("invalid thread id")
         elif res != 1:
             # """if it returns a number greater than one, you're in trouble, 
             # and you should call it again with exc=NULL to revert the effect"""
             ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(tid, 0)
             raise SystemError("PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc failed")
 
     def sigint_handler (signum,stack_frame):
         """Sigint handler for threaded apps.
 
         This is a horrible hack to pass information about SIGINT _without_
         using exceptions, since I haven't been able to properly manage
         cross-thread exceptions in GTK/WX.  In fact, I don't think it can be
         done (or at least that's my understanding from a c.l.py thread where
         this was discussed)."""
 
         global KBINT
 
         if CODE_RUN:
             _async_raise(MAIN_THREAD_ID,KeyboardInterrupt)
         else:
             KBINT = True
             print '\nKeyboardInterrupt - Press <Enter> to continue.',
             Term.cout.flush()
 
 else:
     def sigint_handler (signum,stack_frame):
         """Sigint handler for threaded apps.
 
         This is a horrible hack to pass information about SIGINT _without_
         using exceptions, since I haven't been able to properly manage
         cross-thread exceptions in GTK/WX.  In fact, I don't think it can be
         done (or at least that's my understanding from a c.l.py thread where
         this was discussed)."""
 
         global KBINT
 
         print '\nKeyboardInterrupt - Press <Enter> to continue.',
         Term.cout.flush()
         # Set global flag so that runsource can know that Ctrl-C was hit
         KBINT = True
 
 
 class MTInteractiveShell(InteractiveShell):
     """Simple multi-threaded shell."""
 
     # Threading strategy taken from:
     # http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/65109, by Brian
     # McErlean and John Finlay.  Modified with corrections by Antoon Pardon,
     # from the pygtk mailing list, to avoid lockups with system calls.
 
     # class attribute to indicate whether the class supports threads or not.
     # Subclasses with thread support should override this as needed.
     isthreaded = True
 
     def __init__(self,name,usage=None,rc=Struct(opts=None,args=None),
                  user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None,banner2='',**kw):
         """Similar to the normal InteractiveShell, but with threading control"""
         
         InteractiveShell.__init__(self,name,usage,rc,user_ns,
                                   user_global_ns,banner2)
 
         # Locking control variable.  We need to use a norma lock, not an RLock
         # here.  I'm not exactly sure why, it seems to me like it should be
         # the opposite, but we deadlock with an RLock.  Puzzled...
         self.thread_ready = threading.Condition(threading.Lock())
 
         # A queue to hold the code to be executed.  A scalar variable is NOT
         # enough, because uses like macros cause reentrancy.
         self.code_queue = Queue.Queue()
 
         # Stuff to do at closing time
         self._kill = False
         on_kill = kw.get('on_kill')
         if on_kill is None:
             on_kill = []
         # Check that all things to kill are callable:
         for t in on_kill:
             if not callable(t):
                 raise TypeError,'on_kill must be a list of callables'
         self.on_kill = on_kill
 
     def runsource(self, source, filename="<input>", symbol="single"):
         """Compile and run some source in the interpreter.
 
         Modified version of code.py's runsource(), to handle threading issues.
         See the original for full docstring details."""
 
         global KBINT
         
         # If Ctrl-C was typed, we reset the flag and return right away
         if KBINT:
             KBINT = False
             return False
         
         try:
             code = self.compile(source, filename, symbol)
         except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError):
             # Case 1
             self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             return False
 
         if code is None:
             # Case 2
             return True
 
         # Case 3
         # Store code in queue, so the execution thread can handle it.
 
         # Note that with macros and other applications, we MAY re-enter this
         # section, so we have to acquire the lock with non-blocking semantics,
         # else we deadlock.
         got_lock = self.thread_ready.acquire(False)
         self.code_queue.put(code)
         if got_lock:
             self.thread_ready.wait()  # Wait until processed in timeout interval
             self.thread_ready.release()
 
         return False
 
     def runcode(self):
         """Execute a code object.
 
         Multithreaded wrapper around IPython's runcode()."""
 
         global CODE_RUN
 
         # Exceptions need to be raised differently depending on which thread is
         # active
         CODE_RUN = True
         
         # lock thread-protected stuff
         got_lock = self.thread_ready.acquire(False)
 
         if self._kill:
             print >>Term.cout, 'Closing threads...',
             Term.cout.flush()
             for tokill in self.on_kill:
                 tokill()
             print >>Term.cout, 'Done.'
 
         # Install sigint handler.  We do it every time to ensure that if user
         # code modifies it, we restore our own handling.
         try:
             signal(SIGINT,sigint_handler)
         except SystemError:
             # This happens under Windows, which seems to have all sorts
             # of problems with signal handling.  Oh well...
             pass
 
         # Flush queue of pending code by calling the run methood of the parent
         # class with all items which may be in the queue.
         while 1:
             try:
                 code_to_run = self.code_queue.get_nowait()
             except Queue.Empty:
                 break
             if got_lock:
                 self.thread_ready.notify()
                 InteractiveShell.runcode(self,code_to_run)
             else:
                 break
             
         # We're done with thread-protected variables
         if got_lock:
             self.thread_ready.release()
 
         # We're done...
         CODE_RUN = False
         # This MUST return true for gtk threading to work
         return True
 
     def kill(self):
         """Kill the thread, returning when it has been shut down."""
         got_lock = self.thread_ready.acquire(False)
         self._kill = True
         if got_lock:
             self.thread_ready.release()
 
 class MatplotlibShellBase:
     """Mixin class to provide the necessary modifications to regular IPython
     shell classes for matplotlib support.
 
     Given Python's MRO, this should be used as the FIRST class in the
     inheritance hierarchy, so that it overrides the relevant methods."""
     
     def _matplotlib_config(self,name,user_ns):
         """Return items needed to setup the user's shell with matplotlib"""
 
         # Initialize matplotlib to interactive mode always
         import matplotlib
         from matplotlib import backends
         matplotlib.interactive(True)
 
         def use(arg):
             """IPython wrapper for matplotlib's backend switcher.
 
             In interactive use, we can not allow switching to a different
             interactive backend, since thread conflicts will most likely crash
             the python interpreter.  This routine does a safety check first,
             and refuses to perform a dangerous switch.  It still allows
             switching to non-interactive backends."""
 
             if arg in backends.interactive_bk and arg != self.mpl_backend:
                 m=('invalid matplotlib backend switch.\n'
                    'This script attempted to switch to the interactive '
                    'backend: `%s`\n'
                    'Your current choice of interactive backend is: `%s`\n\n'
                    'Switching interactive matplotlib backends at runtime\n'
                    'would crash the python interpreter, '
                    'and IPython has blocked it.\n\n'
                    'You need to either change your choice of matplotlib backend\n'
                    'by editing your .matplotlibrc file, or run this script as a \n'
                    'standalone file from the command line, not using IPython.\n' %
                    (arg,self.mpl_backend) )
                 raise RuntimeError, m
             else:
                 self.mpl_use(arg)
                 self.mpl_use._called = True
         
         self.matplotlib = matplotlib
         self.mpl_backend = matplotlib.rcParams['backend']
 
         # we also need to block switching of interactive backends by use()
         self.mpl_use = matplotlib.use
         self.mpl_use._called = False
         # overwrite the original matplotlib.use with our wrapper
         matplotlib.use = use
 
         # This must be imported last in the matplotlib series, after
         # backend/interactivity choices have been made
         import matplotlib.pylab as pylab
         self.pylab = pylab
 
         self.pylab.show._needmain = False
         # We need to detect at runtime whether show() is called by the user.
         # For this, we wrap it into a decorator which adds a 'called' flag.
         self.pylab.draw_if_interactive = flag_calls(self.pylab.draw_if_interactive)
 
         # Build a user namespace initialized with matplotlib/matlab features.
         user_ns = IPython.ipapi.make_user_ns(user_ns)
 
         exec ("import matplotlib\n"
               "import matplotlib.pylab as pylab\n") in user_ns
         
         # Build matplotlib info banner
         b="""
   Welcome to pylab, a matplotlib-based Python environment.
   For more information, type 'help(pylab)'.
 """
         return user_ns,b
 
     def mplot_exec(self,fname,*where,**kw):
         """Execute a matplotlib script.
 
         This is a call to execfile(), but wrapped in safeties to properly
         handle interactive rendering and backend switching."""
 
         #print '*** Matplotlib runner ***' # dbg
         # turn off rendering until end of script
         isInteractive = self.matplotlib.rcParams['interactive']
         self.matplotlib.interactive(False)
         self.safe_execfile(fname,*where,**kw)
         self.matplotlib.interactive(isInteractive)
         # make rendering call now, if the user tried to do it
         if self.pylab.draw_if_interactive.called:
             self.pylab.draw()
             self.pylab.draw_if_interactive.called = False
                 
         # if a backend switch was performed, reverse it now
         if self.mpl_use._called:
             self.matplotlib.rcParams['backend'] = self.mpl_backend
         
     def magic_run(self,parameter_s=''):
         Magic.magic_run(self,parameter_s,runner=self.mplot_exec)
 
     # Fix the docstring so users see the original as well
     magic_run.__doc__ = "%s\n%s" % (Magic.magic_run.__doc__,
                                     "\n        *** Modified %run for Matplotlib,"
                                     " with proper interactive handling ***")
 
 # Now we provide 2 versions of a matplotlib-aware IPython base shells, single
 # and multithreaded.  Note that these are meant for internal use, the IPShell*
 # classes below are the ones meant for public consumption.
 
 class MatplotlibShell(MatplotlibShellBase,InteractiveShell):
     """Single-threaded shell with matplotlib support."""
 
     def __init__(self,name,usage=None,rc=Struct(opts=None,args=None),
                  user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None,**kw):
         user_ns,b2 = self._matplotlib_config(name,user_ns)
         InteractiveShell.__init__(self,name,usage,rc,user_ns,user_global_ns,
                                   banner2=b2,**kw)
 
 class MatplotlibMTShell(MatplotlibShellBase,MTInteractiveShell):
     """Multi-threaded shell with matplotlib support."""
 
     def __init__(self,name,usage=None,rc=Struct(opts=None,args=None),
                  user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None, **kw):
         user_ns,b2 = self._matplotlib_config(name,user_ns)
         MTInteractiveShell.__init__(self,name,usage,rc,user_ns,user_global_ns,
                                     banner2=b2,**kw)
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utility functions for the different GUI enabled IPShell* classes.
 
 def get_tk():
     """Tries to import Tkinter and returns a withdrawn Tkinter root
     window.  If Tkinter is already imported or not available, this
     returns None.  This function calls `hijack_tk` underneath.
     """
     if not USE_TK or sys.modules.has_key('Tkinter'):
         return None
     else:
         try:
             import Tkinter
         except ImportError:
             return None
         else:
             hijack_tk()
             r = Tkinter.Tk()
             r.withdraw()
             return r
 
 def hijack_tk():
     """Modifies Tkinter's mainloop with a dummy so when a module calls
     mainloop, it does not block.
 
     """
     def misc_mainloop(self, n=0):
         pass
     def tkinter_mainloop(n=0):
         pass
     
     import Tkinter
     Tkinter.Misc.mainloop = misc_mainloop
     Tkinter.mainloop = tkinter_mainloop
 
 def update_tk(tk):
     """Updates the Tkinter event loop.  This is typically called from
     the respective WX or GTK mainloops.
     """    
     if tk:
         tk.update()
 
 def hijack_wx():
     """Modifies wxPython's MainLoop with a dummy so user code does not
     block IPython.  The hijacked mainloop function is returned.
     """    
     def dummy_mainloop(*args, **kw):
         pass
 
     try:
         import wx
     except ImportError:
         # For very old versions of WX
         import wxPython as wx
         
     ver = wx.__version__
     orig_mainloop = None
     if ver[:3] >= '2.5':
         import wx
         if hasattr(wx, '_core_'): core = getattr(wx, '_core_')
         elif hasattr(wx, '_core'): core = getattr(wx, '_core')
         else: raise AttributeError('Could not find wx core module')
         orig_mainloop = core.PyApp_MainLoop
         core.PyApp_MainLoop = dummy_mainloop
     elif ver[:3] == '2.4':
         orig_mainloop = wx.wxc.wxPyApp_MainLoop
         wx.wxc.wxPyApp_MainLoop = dummy_mainloop
     else:
         warn("Unable to find either wxPython version 2.4 or >= 2.5.")
     return orig_mainloop
 
 def hijack_gtk():
     """Modifies pyGTK's mainloop with a dummy so user code does not
     block IPython.  This function returns the original `gtk.mainloop`
     function that has been hijacked.
     """    
     def dummy_mainloop(*args, **kw):
         pass
     import gtk
     if gtk.pygtk_version >= (2,4,0): orig_mainloop = gtk.main
     else:                            orig_mainloop = gtk.mainloop
     gtk.mainloop = dummy_mainloop
     gtk.main = dummy_mainloop
     return orig_mainloop
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # The IPShell* classes below are the ones meant to be run by external code as
 # IPython instances.  Note that unless a specific threading strategy is
 # desired, the factory function start() below should be used instead (it
 # selects the proper threaded class).
 
 class IPThread(threading.Thread):
     def run(self):
         self.IP.mainloop(self._banner)
         self.IP.kill()
 
 class IPShellGTK(IPThread):
     """Run a gtk mainloop() in a separate thread.
     
     Python commands can be passed to the thread where they will be executed.
     This is implemented by periodically checking for passed code using a
     GTK timeout callback."""
     
     TIMEOUT = 100 # Millisecond interval between timeouts.
 
     def __init__(self,argv=None,user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None,
                  debug=1,shell_class=MTInteractiveShell):
 
         import gtk
         
         self.gtk = gtk
         self.gtk_mainloop = hijack_gtk()
 
         # Allows us to use both Tk and GTK.
         self.tk = get_tk()
         
         if gtk.pygtk_version >= (2,4,0): mainquit = self.gtk.main_quit
         else:                            mainquit = self.gtk.mainquit
 
         self.IP = make_IPython(argv,user_ns=user_ns,
                                user_global_ns=user_global_ns,
                                debug=debug,
                                shell_class=shell_class,
                                on_kill=[mainquit])
 
         # HACK: slot for banner in self; it will be passed to the mainloop
         # method only and .run() needs it.  The actual value will be set by
         # .mainloop().
         self._banner = None 
 
         threading.Thread.__init__(self)
 
     def mainloop(self,sys_exit=0,banner=None):
 
         self._banner = banner
         
         if self.gtk.pygtk_version >= (2,4,0):
             import gobject
             gobject.idle_add(self.on_timer)
         else:
             self.gtk.idle_add(self.on_timer)
 
         if sys.platform != 'win32':
             try:
                 if self.gtk.gtk_version[0] >= 2:
                     self.gtk.gdk.threads_init()
             except AttributeError:
                 pass
             except RuntimeError:
                 error('Your pyGTK likely has not been compiled with '
                       'threading support.\n'
                       'The exception printout is below.\n'
                       'You can either rebuild pyGTK with threads, or '
                       'try using \n'
                       'matplotlib with a different backend (like Tk or WX).\n'
                       'Note that matplotlib will most likely not work in its '
                       'current state!')
                 self.IP.InteractiveTB()
 
         self.start()
         self.gtk.gdk.threads_enter()
         self.gtk_mainloop()
         self.gtk.gdk.threads_leave()
         self.join()
 
     def on_timer(self):
         """Called when GTK is idle.
 
         Must return True always, otherwise GTK stops calling it"""
         
         update_tk(self.tk)
         self.IP.runcode()
         time.sleep(0.01)
         return True
 
 
 class IPShellWX(IPThread):
     """Run a wx mainloop() in a separate thread.
     
     Python commands can be passed to the thread where they will be executed.
     This is implemented by periodically checking for passed code using a
     GTK timeout callback."""
     
     TIMEOUT = 100 # Millisecond interval between timeouts.
 
     def __init__(self,argv=None,user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None,
                  debug=1,shell_class=MTInteractiveShell):
 
         self.IP = make_IPython(argv,user_ns=user_ns,
                                user_global_ns=user_global_ns,
                                debug=debug,
                                shell_class=shell_class,
                                on_kill=[self.wxexit])
 
         wantedwxversion=self.IP.rc.wxversion
         if wantedwxversion!="0":
             try:
                 import wxversion
             except ImportError:
                 error('The wxversion module is needed for WX version selection')
             else:
                 try:
                     wxversion.select(wantedwxversion)
                 except:
                     self.IP.InteractiveTB()
                     error('Requested wxPython version %s could not be loaded' %
                                                                wantedwxversion)
 
         import wx
 
         threading.Thread.__init__(self)
         self.wx = wx
         self.wx_mainloop = hijack_wx()
 
         # Allows us to use both Tk and GTK.
         self.tk = get_tk()
         
         # HACK: slot for banner in self; it will be passed to the mainloop
         # method only and .run() needs it.  The actual value will be set by
         # .mainloop().
         self._banner = None 
 
         self.app = None
 
     def wxexit(self, *args):
         if self.app is not None:
             self.app.agent.timer.Stop()
             self.app.ExitMainLoop()
 
     def mainloop(self,sys_exit=0,banner=None):
 
         self._banner = banner
         
         self.start()
 
         class TimerAgent(self.wx.MiniFrame):
             wx = self.wx
             IP = self.IP
             tk = self.tk
             def __init__(self, parent, interval):
                 style = self.wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE | self.wx.TINY_CAPTION_HORIZ
                 self.wx.MiniFrame.__init__(self, parent, -1, ' ', pos=(200, 200),
                                              size=(100, 100),style=style)
                 self.Show(False)
                 self.interval = interval
                 self.timerId = self.wx.NewId()                                
 
             def StartWork(self):
                 self.timer = self.wx.Timer(self, self.timerId)
                 self.wx.EVT_TIMER(self,  self.timerId, self.OnTimer)
                 self.timer.Start(self.interval)
 
             def OnTimer(self, event):
                 update_tk(self.tk)
                 self.IP.runcode()
 
         class App(self.wx.App):
             wx = self.wx
             TIMEOUT = self.TIMEOUT
             def OnInit(self):
                 'Create the main window and insert the custom frame'
                 self.agent = TimerAgent(None, self.TIMEOUT)
                 self.agent.Show(False)
                 self.agent.StartWork()
                 return True
 
         self.app = App(redirect=False)
         self.wx_mainloop(self.app)
         self.join()
 
 
 class IPShellQt(IPThread):
     """Run a Qt event loop in a separate thread.
     
     Python commands can be passed to the thread where they will be executed.
     This is implemented by periodically checking for passed code using a
     Qt timer / slot."""
 
     TIMEOUT = 100 # Millisecond interval between timeouts.
 
     def __init__(self, argv=None, user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None,
                  debug=0, shell_class=MTInteractiveShell):
 
         import qt
 
-        self.qApp = qt.qApp
-
-        class DummyQApp:
-            def __init__(self, *args):
-                self.qApp = qt.qApp
-
-            def exec_loop(*args, **kwargs):
-                pass
-
-            def __getattr__(self, name):
-                return getattr(self.qApp, name)
-
-        class DummyQApplication:
-            def __init__(self):
-                self.QApplication = qt.QApplication
-
-            def __call__(*args, **kwargs):
-                # mask until module NoneType errors can be fixed
-#                return DummyQApp()
-                return qt.qApp
-
-            def __getattr__( self, name ):
-                return getattr(self.QApplication, name)
-
-        qt.QApplication = DummyQApplication()
-
         # Allows us to use both Tk and QT.
         self.tk = get_tk()
 
         self.IP = make_IPython(argv,
                                user_ns=user_ns,
                                user_global_ns=user_global_ns,
                                debug=debug,
                                shell_class=shell_class,
                                on_kill=[qt.qApp.exit])
 
         # HACK: slot for banner in self; it will be passed to the mainloop
         # method only and .run() needs it.  The actual value will be set by
         # .mainloop().
         self._banner = None 
         
         threading.Thread.__init__(self)
 
     def mainloop(self,sys_exit=0,banner=None):
 
         import qt
 
         self._banner = banner
 
         if qt.QApplication.startingUp():
-            self.qApp = qt.QApplication.QApplication(sys.argv)
-            # mask until module NoneType errors can be fixed
-#            qt.qApp = qt.QApplication()
+            self.qApp = qt.QApplication(sys.argv)
 
         self.timer = qt.QTimer()
         qt.QObject.connect(self.timer,
                            qt.SIGNAL( 'timeout()' ),
                            self.on_timer)
 
         self.start()
         self.timer.start(self.TIMEOUT, True)
         while True:
             if self.IP._kill: break
-            self.qApp.exec_loop()
+            qt.qApp.exec_loop()
         self.join()
 
     def on_timer(self):
         update_tk(self.tk)
         result = self.IP.runcode()
         self.timer.start(self.TIMEOUT, True)
         return result
 
-
 class IPShellQt4(IPThread):
     """Run a Qt event loop in a separate thread.
 
     Python commands can be passed to the thread where they will be executed.
     This is implemented by periodically checking for passed code using a
     Qt timer / slot."""
 
     TIMEOUT = 100 # Millisecond interval between timeouts.
 
     def __init__(self, argv=None, user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None,
                  debug=0, shell_class=MTInteractiveShell):
 
         from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
 
-        self.qApp = QtGui.qApp
-
-        class DummyQApp:
-            def __init__(self, *args):
-                self.qApp = QtGui.qApp
-
-            def exec_(*args, **kwargs):
-                pass
-
-            def __getattr__(self, name):
-                return getattr(self.qApp, name)
-
-        class DummyQApplication:
-            def __init__(self, *args):
-                self.QApplication = QtGui.QApplication
-
-            def __call__(*args, **kwargs):
-                # mask until module NoneType errors can be fixed
-#                return DummyQApp()
-                return QtGui.qApp
-
-            def __getattr__(self, name):
-                return getattr(self.QApplication, name)
-
-        QtGui.QApplication = DummyQApplication()
-
         # Allows us to use both Tk and QT.
         self.tk = get_tk()
 
         self.IP = make_IPython(argv,
                                user_ns=user_ns,
                                user_global_ns=user_global_ns,
                                debug=debug,
                                shell_class=shell_class,
                                on_kill=[QtGui.qApp.exit])
 
         # HACK: slot for banner in self; it will be passed to the mainloop
         # method only and .run() needs it.  The actual value will be set by
         # .mainloop().
         self._banner = None
 
         threading.Thread.__init__(self)
 
     def mainloop(self, sys_exit=0, banner=None):
 
         from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
 
         self._banner = banner
 
         if QtGui.QApplication.startingUp():
-            self.qApp = QtGui.QApplication.QApplication(sys.argv)
-            # mask until module NoneType errors can be fixed
-#            QtGui.qApp = QtGui.QApplication()
+            self.qApp = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
 
         self.timer = QtCore.QTimer()
         QtCore.QObject.connect(self.timer,
                                QtCore.SIGNAL('timeout()'),
                                self.on_timer)
 
         self.start()
         self.timer.start(self.TIMEOUT)
         while True:
-            self.qApp.exec_()
             if self.IP._kill: break
+            QtGui.qApp.exec_()
         self.join()
 
     def on_timer(self):
         update_tk(self.tk)
         result = self.IP.runcode()
         self.timer.start(self.TIMEOUT)
         return result
 
 
 # A set of matplotlib public IPython shell classes, for single-threaded (Tk*
 # and FLTK*) and multithreaded (GTK*, WX* and Qt*) backends to use.
 def _load_pylab(user_ns):
     """Allow users to disable pulling all of pylab into the top-level
     namespace.
 
     This little utility must be called AFTER the actual ipython instance is
     running, since only then will the options file have been fully parsed."""
     
     ip = IPython.ipapi.get()
     if ip.options.pylab_import_all:
         exec "from matplotlib.pylab import *" in user_ns
 
 class IPShellMatplotlib(IPShell):
     """Subclass IPShell with MatplotlibShell as the internal shell.
 
     Single-threaded class, meant for the Tk* and FLTK* backends.
 
     Having this on a separate class simplifies the external driver code."""
     
     def __init__(self,argv=None,user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None,debug=1):
         IPShell.__init__(self,argv,user_ns,user_global_ns,debug,
                          shell_class=MatplotlibShell)
         _load_pylab(self.IP.user_ns)
 
 class IPShellMatplotlibGTK(IPShellGTK):
     """Subclass IPShellGTK with MatplotlibMTShell as the internal shell.
 
     Multi-threaded class, meant for the GTK* backends."""
     
     def __init__(self,argv=None,user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None,debug=1):
         IPShellGTK.__init__(self,argv,user_ns,user_global_ns,debug,
                             shell_class=MatplotlibMTShell)
         _load_pylab(self.IP.user_ns)
 
 class IPShellMatplotlibWX(IPShellWX):
     """Subclass IPShellWX with MatplotlibMTShell as the internal shell.
 
     Multi-threaded class, meant for the WX* backends."""
     
     def __init__(self,argv=None,user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None,debug=1):
         IPShellWX.__init__(self,argv,user_ns,user_global_ns,debug,
                            shell_class=MatplotlibMTShell)
         _load_pylab(self.IP.user_ns)
 
 class IPShellMatplotlibQt(IPShellQt):
     """Subclass IPShellQt with MatplotlibMTShell as the internal shell.
 
     Multi-threaded class, meant for the Qt* backends."""
     
     def __init__(self,argv=None,user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None,debug=1):
         IPShellQt.__init__(self,argv,user_ns,user_global_ns,debug,
                            shell_class=MatplotlibMTShell)
         _load_pylab(self.IP.user_ns)
 
 class IPShellMatplotlibQt4(IPShellQt4):
     """Subclass IPShellQt4 with MatplotlibMTShell as the internal shell.
 
     Multi-threaded class, meant for the Qt4* backends."""
 
     def __init__(self,argv=None,user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None,debug=1):
         IPShellQt4.__init__(self,argv,user_ns,user_global_ns,debug,
                            shell_class=MatplotlibMTShell)
         _load_pylab(self.IP.user_ns)
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Factory functions to actually start the proper thread-aware shell
 
 def _matplotlib_shell_class():
     """Factory function to handle shell class selection for matplotlib.
 
     The proper shell class to use depends on the matplotlib backend, since
     each backend requires a different threading strategy."""
 
     try:
         import matplotlib
     except ImportError:
         error('matplotlib could NOT be imported!  Starting normal IPython.')
         sh_class = IPShell
     else:
         backend = matplotlib.rcParams['backend']
         if backend.startswith('GTK'):
             sh_class = IPShellMatplotlibGTK
         elif backend.startswith('WX'):
             sh_class = IPShellMatplotlibWX
         elif backend.startswith('Qt4'):
             sh_class = IPShellMatplotlibQt4
         elif backend.startswith('Qt'):
             sh_class = IPShellMatplotlibQt
         else:
             sh_class = IPShellMatplotlib
     #print 'Using %s with the %s backend.' % (sh_class,backend) # dbg
     return sh_class
 
 # This is the one which should be called by external code.
 def start(user_ns = None):
     """Return a running shell instance, dealing with threading options.
 
     This is a factory function which will instantiate the proper IPython shell
     based on the user's threading choice.  Such a selector is needed because
     different GUI toolkits require different thread handling details."""
 
     global USE_TK
     # Crude sys.argv hack to extract the threading options.
     argv = sys.argv
     if len(argv) > 1:
         if len(argv) > 2:
             arg2 = argv[2]
             if arg2.endswith('-tk'):
                 USE_TK = True
         arg1 = argv[1]
         if arg1.endswith('-gthread'):
             shell = IPShellGTK
         elif arg1.endswith( '-qthread' ):
             shell = IPShellQt
         elif arg1.endswith( '-q4thread' ):
             shell = IPShellQt4
         elif arg1.endswith('-wthread'):
             shell = IPShellWX
         elif arg1.endswith('-pylab'):
             shell = _matplotlib_shell_class()
         else:
             shell = IPShell
     else:
         shell = IPShell
     return shell(user_ns = user_ns)
 
 # Some aliases for backwards compatibility
 IPythonShell = IPShell
 IPythonShellEmbed = IPShellEmbed
 #************************ End of file <Shell.py> ***************************