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1 | .. _integrating: |
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1 | .. _integrating: | |
2 |
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2 | |||
3 | ===================================== |
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3 | ===================================== | |
4 | Integrating your objects with IPython |
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4 | Integrating your objects with IPython | |
5 | ===================================== |
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5 | ===================================== | |
6 |
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6 | |||
7 | Tab completion |
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7 | Tab completion | |
8 | ============== |
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8 | ============== | |
9 |
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9 | |||
10 | To change the attributes displayed by tab-completing your object, define a |
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10 | To change the attributes displayed by tab-completing your object, define a | |
11 | ``__dir__(self)`` method for it. For more details, see the documentation of the |
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11 | ``__dir__(self)`` method for it. For more details, see the documentation of the | |
12 | built-in `dir() function <http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#dir>`_. |
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12 | built-in `dir() function <http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#dir>`_. | |
13 |
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13 | |||
14 | You can also customise key completions for your objects, e.g. pressing tab after |
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14 | You can also customise key completions for your objects, e.g. pressing tab after | |
15 | ``obj["a``. To do so, define a method ``_ipython_key_completions_()``, which |
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15 | ``obj["a``. To do so, define a method ``_ipython_key_completions_()``, which | |
16 | returns a list of objects which are possible keys in a subscript expression |
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16 | returns a list of objects which are possible keys in a subscript expression | |
17 | ``obj[key]``. |
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17 | ``obj[key]``. | |
18 |
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18 | |||
19 | .. versionadded:: 5.0 |
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19 | .. versionadded:: 5.0 | |
20 | Custom key completions |
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20 | Custom key completions | |
21 |
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21 | |||
22 | Rich display |
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22 | Rich display | |
23 | ============ |
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23 | ============ | |
24 |
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24 | |||
25 | The notebook and the Qt console can display richer representations of objects. |
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25 | The notebook and the Qt console can display richer representations of objects. | |
26 | To use this, you can define any of a number of ``_repr_*_()`` methods. Note that |
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26 | To use this, you can define any of a number of ``_repr_*_()`` methods. Note that | |
27 | these are surrounded by single, not double underscores. |
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27 | these are surrounded by single, not double underscores. | |
28 |
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28 | |||
29 | Both the notebook and the Qt console can display ``svg``, ``png`` and ``jpeg`` |
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29 | Both the notebook and the Qt console can display ``svg``, ``png`` and ``jpeg`` | |
30 | representations. The notebook can also display ``html``, ``javascript``, |
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30 | representations. The notebook can also display ``html``, ``javascript``, | |
31 |
and ``latex``. If the methods don't exist, or return ``None``, it |
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31 | ``markdown`` and ``latex``. If the methods don't exist, or return ``None``, it | |
32 | back to a standard ``repr()``. |
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32 | falls back to a standard ``repr()``. | |
33 |
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33 | |||
34 | For example:: |
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34 | For example:: | |
35 |
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35 | |||
36 | class Shout(object): |
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36 | class Shout(object): | |
37 | def __init__(self, text): |
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37 | def __init__(self, text): | |
38 | self.text = text |
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38 | self.text = text | |
39 |
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39 | |||
40 | def _repr_html_(self): |
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40 | def _repr_html_(self): | |
41 | return "<h1>" + self.text + "</h1>" |
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41 | return "<h1>" + self.text + "</h1>" | |
42 |
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42 | |||
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43 | There are also two more powerful display methods: | |||
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44 | ||||
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45 | .. class:: MyObject | |||
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46 | ||||
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47 | .. method:: _repr_mimebundle_(include=None, exclude=None) | |||
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48 | ||||
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49 | Should return a dictionary of multiple formats, keyed by mimetype, or a tuple | |||
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50 | of two dictionaries: *data, metadata*. If this returns something, other | |||
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51 | ``_repr_*_`` methods are ignored. The method should take keyword arguments | |||
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52 | ``include`` and ``exclude``, though it is not required to respect them. | |||
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53 | ||||
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54 | .. method:: _ipython_display_() | |||
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55 | ||||
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56 | Displays the object as a side effect; the return value is ignored. If this | |||
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57 | is defined, all other display methods are ignored. | |||
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58 | ||||
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59 | Formatters for third-party types | |||
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60 | -------------------------------- | |||
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61 | ||||
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62 | The user can also register formatters for types without modifying the class:: | |||
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63 | ||||
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64 | from bar import Foo | |||
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65 | ||||
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66 | def foo_html(obj): | |||
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67 | return '<marquee>Foo object %s</marquee>' % obj.name | |||
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68 | ||||
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69 | html_formatter = get_ipython().display_formatter.formatters['text/html'] | |||
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70 | html_formatter.for_type(Foo, foo_html) | |||
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71 | ||||
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72 | # Or register a type without importing it - this does the same as above: | |||
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73 | html_formatter.for_type_by_name('bar.Foo', foo_html) | |||
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74 | ||||
43 | Custom exception tracebacks |
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75 | Custom exception tracebacks | |
44 | =========================== |
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76 | =========================== | |
45 |
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77 | |||
46 | Rarely, you might want to display a custom traceback when reporting an |
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78 | Rarely, you might want to display a custom traceback when reporting an | |
47 | exception. To do this, define the custom traceback using |
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79 | exception. To do this, define the custom traceback using | |
48 | `_render_traceback_(self)` method which returns a list of strings, one string |
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80 | `_render_traceback_(self)` method which returns a list of strings, one string | |
49 | for each line of the traceback. For example, the `ipyparallel |
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81 | for each line of the traceback. For example, the `ipyparallel | |
50 | <http://ipyparallel.readthedocs.io/>`__ a parallel computing framework for |
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82 | <http://ipyparallel.readthedocs.io/>`__ a parallel computing framework for | |
51 | IPython, does this to display errors from multiple engines. |
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83 | IPython, does this to display errors from multiple engines. | |
52 |
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84 | |||
53 | Please be conservative in using this feature; by replacing the default traceback |
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85 | Please be conservative in using this feature; by replacing the default traceback | |
54 | you may hide important information from the user. |
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86 | you may hide important information from the user. |
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