More work on componentizing everything.

I have also done some work on component:

* componenets whose __init__ method fails are now unregistered.
* Added a masquerade_as function to enable components to masquerade
  as one another.  This is really a cheap and informal way of doing
  parts of an interface system.

IPython/core/alias.py

@@ -0,0 +1,191 b''
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+IPython's alias component
+
+Authors:
+
+* Brian Granger
+"""
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import __builtin__
+import keyword
+import os
+import sys
+
+from IPython.core.component import Component
+
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import CBool, List, Instance
+from IPython.utils.genutils import error
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Functions and classes
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def default_aliases():
+    # Make some aliases automatically
+    # Prepare list of shell aliases to auto-define
+    if os.name == 'posix':
+        auto_alias = ('mkdir mkdir', 'rmdir rmdir',
+                      'mv mv -i','rm rm -i','cp cp -i',
+                      'cat cat','less less','clear clear',
+                      # a better ls
+                      'ls ls -F',
+                      # long ls
+                      'll ls -lF')
+        # Extra ls aliases with color, which need special treatment on BSD
+        # variants
+        ls_extra = ( # color ls
+                     'lc ls -F -o --color',
+                     # ls normal files only
+                     'lf ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-',
+                     # ls symbolic links
+                     'lk ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^l',
+                     # directories or links to directories,
+                     'ldir ls -F -o --color %l | grep /$',
+                     # things which are executable
+                     'lx ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-..x',
+                     )
+        # The BSDs don't ship GNU ls, so they don't understand the
+        # --color switch out of the box
+        if 'bsd' in sys.platform:
+            ls_extra = ( # ls normal files only
+                         'lf ls -lF | grep ^-',
+                         # ls symbolic links
+                         'lk ls -lF | grep ^l',
+                         # directories or links to directories,
+                         'ldir ls -lF | grep /$',
+                         # things which are executable
+                         'lx ls -lF | grep ^-..x',
+                         )
+        auto_alias = auto_alias + ls_extra
+    elif os.name in ['nt','dos']:
+        auto_alias = ('ls dir /on',
+                      'ddir dir /ad /on', 'ldir dir /ad /on',
+                      'mkdir mkdir','rmdir rmdir','echo echo',
+                      'ren ren','cls cls','copy copy')
+    else:
+        auto_alias = ()
+    return [s.split(None,1) for s in auto_alias]
+
+
+class AliasError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidAliasError(AliasError):
+    pass
+
+
+class AliasManager(Component):
+
+    auto_alias = List(default_aliases())
+    user_alias = List(default_value=[], config_key='USER_ALIAS')
+
+    def __init__(self, parent, config=None):
+        super(AliasManager, self).__init__(parent, config=config)
+        self.shell = Component.get_instances(
+            root=self.root,
+            klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell'
+        )[0]
+        self.alias_table = {}
+        self.exclude_aliases()
+        self.init_aliases()
+
+    def __contains__(self, name):
+        if name in self.alias_table:
+            return True
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    @property
+    def aliases(self):
+        return [(item[0], item[1][1]) for item in self.alias_table.iteritems()]
+
+    def exclude_aliases(self):
+        # set of things NOT to alias (keywords, builtins and some magics)
+        no_alias = set(['cd','popd','pushd','dhist','alias','unalias'])
+        no_alias.update(set(keyword.kwlist))
+        no_alias.update(set(__builtin__.__dict__.keys()))
+        self.no_alias = no_alias
+
+    def init_aliases(self):
+        # Load default aliases
+        for name, cmd in self.auto_alias:
+            self.soft_define_alias(name, cmd)
+
+        # Load user aliases
+        for name, cmd in self.user_alias:
+            self.soft_define_alias(name, cmd)
+
+    def soft_define_alias(self, name, cmd):
+        """Define an alias, but don't raise on an AliasError."""
+        try:
+            self.define_alias(name, cmd)
+        except AliasError, e:
+            error("Invalid alias: %s" % e)
+
+    def define_alias(self, name, cmd):
+        """Define a new alias after validating it.
+
+        This will raise an :exc:`AliasError` if there are validation
+        problems.
+        """
+        nargs = self.validate_alias(name, cmd)
+        self.alias_table[name] = (nargs, cmd)
+
+    def validate_alias(self, name, cmd):
+        """Validate an alias and return the its number of arguments."""
+        if name in self.no_alias:
+            raise InvalidAliasError("The name %s can't be aliased "
+                                    "because it is a keyword or builtin." % name)
+        if not (isinstance(cmd, basestring)):
+            raise InvalidAliasError("An alias command must be a string, "
+                                    "got: %r" % name)
+        nargs = cmd.count('%s')
+        if nargs>0 and cmd.find('%l')>=0:
+            raise InvalidAliasError('The %s and %l specifiers are mutually '
+                                    'exclusive in alias definitions.')
+        return nargs
+
+    def call_alias(self, alias, rest=''):
+        """Call an alias given its name and the rest of the line."""
+        cmd = self.transform_alias(alias, rest)
+        try:
+            self.shell.system(cmd)
+        except:
+            self.shell.showtraceback()
+
+    def transform_alias(self, alias,rest=''):
+        """Transform alias to system command string."""
+        nargs, cmd = self.alias_table[alias]
+
+        if ' ' in cmd and os.path.isfile(cmd):
+            cmd = '"%s"' % cmd
+
+        # Expand the %l special to be the user's input line
+        if cmd.find('%l') >= 0:
+            cmd = cmd.replace('%l', rest)
+            rest = ''
+        if nargs==0:
+            # Simple, argument-less aliases
+            cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd, rest)
+        else:
+            # Handle aliases with positional arguments
+            args = rest.split(None, nargs)
+            if len(args) < nargs:
+                raise AliasError('Alias <%s> requires %s arguments, %s given.' %
+                      (alias, nargs, len(args)))
+            cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd % tuple(args[:nargs]),' '.join(args[nargs:]))
+        return cmd

IPython/core/application.py

@@ -1,241 +1,242 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 An application for IPython
 
 Authors:
 
 * Brian Granger
 * Fernando Perez
 
 Notes
 -----
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import os
 import sys
 import traceback
 
 from copy import deepcopy
 from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.utils.genutils import get_ipython_dir, filefind
 from IPython.config.loader import (
     IPythonArgParseConfigLoader,
     PyFileConfigLoader
 )
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class ApplicationError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 class Application(object):
     """Load a config, construct an app and run it.
     """
 
     config_file_name = 'ipython_config.py'
     name = 'ipython'
     debug = False
 
     def __init__(self):
         pass
 
     def start(self):
         """Start the application."""
         self.attempt(self.create_default_config)
         self.attempt(self.pre_load_command_line_config)
         self.attempt(self.load_command_line_config, action='abort')
         self.attempt(self.post_load_command_line_config)
         self.attempt(self.find_ipythondir)
         self.attempt(self.find_config_file_name)
         self.attempt(self.find_config_file_paths)
         self.attempt(self.pre_load_file_config)
         self.attempt(self.load_file_config)
         self.attempt(self.post_load_file_config)
         self.attempt(self.merge_configs)
         self.attempt(self.pre_construct)
         self.attempt(self.construct)
         self.attempt(self.post_construct)
         self.attempt(self.start_app)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Various stages of Application creation
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def create_default_config(self):
         """Create defaults that can't be set elsewhere."""
         self.default_config = Struct()
         self.default_config.IPYTHONDIR = get_ipython_dir()
 
     def create_command_line_config(self):
         """Create and return a command line config loader."""
         return IPythonArgParseConfigLoader(description=self.name)
 
     def pre_load_command_line_config(self):
         """Do actions just before loading the command line config."""
         pass
 
     def load_command_line_config(self):
         """Load the command line config.
 
         This method also sets ``self.debug``.
         """
 
         loader = self.create_command_line_config()
         self.command_line_config = loader.load_config()
         try:
             self.debug = self.command_line_config.DEBUG
         except AttributeError:
             pass # use class default
         self.log("Default config loaded:", self.default_config)
         self.log("Command line config loaded:", self.command_line_config)
 
     def post_load_command_line_config(self):
         """Do actions just after loading the command line config."""
         pass
 
     def find_ipythondir(self):
         """Set the IPython directory.
 
         This sets ``self.ipythondir``, but the actual value that is passed
         to the application is kept in either ``self.default_config`` or
         ``self.command_line_config``.  This also added ``self.ipythondir`` to
         ``sys.path`` so config files there can be references by other config
         files.
         """
 
         try:
             self.ipythondir = self.command_line_config.IPYTHONDIR
         except AttributeError:
             self.ipythondir = self.default_config.IPYTHONDIR
         sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(self.ipythondir))
         if not os.path.isdir(self.ipythondir):
             os.makedirs(self.ipythondir, mode = 0777)
         self.log("IPYTHONDIR set to: %s" % self.ipythondir)
 
     def find_config_file_name(self):
         """Find the config file name for this application.
 
         If a profile has been set at the command line, this will resolve
         it.  The search paths for the config file are set in
         :meth:`find_config_file_paths` and then passed to the config file
         loader where they are resolved to an absolute path.
         """
 
         try:
             self.config_file_name = self.command_line_config.CONFIG_FILE
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
         try:
             self.profile_name = self.command_line_config.PROFILE
             name_parts = self.config_file_name.split('.')
             name_parts.insert(1, '_' + self.profile_name + '.')
             self.config_file_name = ''.join(name_parts)
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
     def find_config_file_paths(self):
         """Set the search paths for resolving the config file."""
         self.config_file_paths = (os.getcwd(), self.ipythondir)
 
     def pre_load_file_config(self):
         """Do actions before the config file is loaded."""
         pass
 
     def load_file_config(self):
         """Load the config file.
         
         This tries to load the config file from disk.  If successful, the
         ``CONFIG_FILE`` config variable is set to the resolved config file
         location.  If not successful, an empty config is used.
         """
         loader = PyFileConfigLoader(self.config_file_name, 
                                     self.config_file_paths)
         try:
             self.file_config = loader.load_config()
             self.file_config.CONFIG_FILE = loader.full_filename
         except IOError:
             self.log("Config file not found, skipping: %s" % \
                      self.config_file_name)
             self.file_config = Struct()
         else:
             self.log("Config file loaded: %s" % loader.full_filename,
                      self.file_config)
 
     def post_load_file_config(self):
         """Do actions after the config file is loaded."""
         pass
 
     def merge_configs(self):
         """Merge the default, command line and file config objects."""
         config = Struct()
         config.update(self.default_config)
         config.update(self.file_config)
         config.update(self.command_line_config)
         self.master_config = config
         self.log("Master config created:", self.master_config)
 
     def pre_construct(self):
         """Do actions after the config has been built, but before construct."""
         pass
 
     def construct(self):
         """Construct the main components that make up this app."""
         self.log("Constructing components for application...")
 
     def post_construct(self):
         """Do actions after construct, but before starting the app."""
         pass
 
     def start_app(self):
         """Actually start the app."""
         self.log("Starting application...")
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Utility methods
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def abort(self):
         """Abort the starting of the application."""
         print "Aborting application: ", self.name
         sys.exit(1)
 
     def exit(self):
         print "Exiting application: ", self.name
         sys.exit(1)
 
     def attempt(self, func, action='abort'):
         try:
             func()
         except:
             if action == 'abort':
                 self.print_traceback()
                 self.abort()
             elif action == 'exit':
+                self.print_traceback()
                 self.exit()
 
     def print_traceback(self):
         print "Error in appliction startup: ", self.name
         print
         traceback.print_exc()
 
     def log(self, *args):
         if self.debug:
             for arg in args:
                 print "[%s] %s" % (self.name, arg)        
  No newline at end of file

IPython/core/builtin_trap.py

@@ -1,107 +1,108 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 A context manager for managing things injected into :mod:`__builtin__`.
 
 Authors:
 
 * Brian Granger
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import __builtin__
 
 from IPython.core.component import Component
 from IPython.core.quitter import Quitter
 
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import Instance
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class BuiltinUndefined(object): pass
 BuiltinUndefined = BuiltinUndefined()
 
 
 class BuiltinTrap(Component):
-    shell = Instance('IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell')
 
     def __init__(self, parent):
         super(BuiltinTrap, self).__init__(parent, None, None)
         # Don't just grab parent!!!
-        self.shell = Component.get_instances(root=self.root,
-            klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell')[0]
+        self.shell = Component.get_instances(
+            root=self.root,
+            klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell'
+        )[0]
         self._orig_builtins = {}
 
     def __enter__(self):
         self.set()
         # I return self, so callers can use add_builtin in a with clause.
         return self
 
     def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
         self.unset()
         return True
 
     def add_builtin(self, key, value):
         """Add a builtin and save the original."""
         orig = __builtin__.__dict__.get(key, BuiltinUndefined)
         self._orig_builtins[key] = orig
         __builtin__.__dict__[key] = value
 
     def remove_builtin(self, key):
         """Remove an added builtin and re-set the original."""
         try:
             orig = self._orig_builtins.pop(key)
         except KeyError:
             pass
         else:
             if orig is BuiltinUndefined:
                 del __builtin__.__dict__[key]
             else:
                 __builtin__.__dict__[key] = orig
 
     def set(self):
         """Store ipython references in the __builtin__ namespace."""
         self.add_builtin('exit', Quitter(self.shell, 'exit'))
         self.add_builtin('quit', Quitter(self.shell, 'quit'))
 
         # Recursive reload function
         try:
             from IPython.lib import deepreload
             if self.shell.deep_reload:
                 self.add_builtin('reload', deepreload.reload)
             else:
                 self.add_builtin('dreload', deepreload.reload)
             del deepreload
         except ImportError:
             pass
 
         # Keep in the builtins a flag for when IPython is active.  We set it
         # with setdefault so that multiple nested IPythons don't clobber one
         # another.  Each will increase its value by one upon being activated,
         # which also gives us a way to determine the nesting level.
         __builtin__.__dict__.setdefault('__IPYTHON__active',0)
 
     def unset(self):
         """Remove any builtins which might have been added by add_builtins, or
         restore overwritten ones to their previous values."""
         for key in self._orig_builtins.keys():
             self.remove_builtin(key)
         self._orig_builtins.clear()
         self._builtins_added = False
         try:
             del __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active']
         except KeyError:
             pass
  No newline at end of file

IPython/core/component.py

@@ -1,248 +1,305 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 A lightweight component system for IPython.
 
 Authors:
 
 * Brian Granger
 * Fernando Perez
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from copy import deepcopy
 import datetime
 from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
 
 from IPython.utils.importstring import import_item
 from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import (
     HasTraitlets, TraitletError, MetaHasTraitlets, Instance, This
 )
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Helper classes for Components
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class ComponentError(Exception):
     pass
 
 class MetaComponentTracker(type):
     """A metaclass that tracks instances of Components and its subclasses."""
 
     def __init__(cls, name, bases, d):
         super(MetaComponentTracker, cls).__init__(name, bases, d)
         cls.__instance_refs = WeakValueDictionary()
         cls.__numcreated = 0
 
     def __call__(cls, *args, **kw):
-        """Called when *class* is called (instantiated)!!!
+        """Called when a class is called (instantiated)!!!
         
         When a Component or subclass is instantiated, this is called and
         the instance is saved in a WeakValueDictionary for tracking.
         """
         instance = cls.__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
-        # Do this before __init__ is called so get_instances works inside
-        # __init__ methods!
+
+        # Register the instance before __init__ is called so get_instances 
+        # works inside __init__ methods!
+        indices = cls.register_instance(instance)
+
+        # This is in a try/except because of the __init__ method fails, the
+        # instance is discarded and shouldn't be tracked.
+        try:
+            if isinstance(instance, cls):
+                cls.__init__(instance, *args, **kw)
+        except:
+            # Unregister the instance because __init__ failed!
+            cls.unregister_instances(indices)
+            raise
+        else:
+            return instance
+
+    def register_instance(cls, instance):
+        """Register instance with cls and its subclasses."""
+        # indices is a list of the keys used to register the instance
+        # with.  This list is needed if the instance needs to be unregistered.
+        indices = []
         for c in cls.__mro__:
             if issubclass(cls, c) and issubclass(c, Component):
                 c.__numcreated += 1
+                indices.append(c.__numcreated)
                 c.__instance_refs[c.__numcreated] = instance
-        if isinstance(instance, cls):
-            cls.__init__(instance, *args, **kw)
+            else:
+                break
+        return indices
+
+    def unregister_instances(cls, indices):
+        """Unregister instance with cls and its subclasses."""
+        for c, index in zip(cls.__mro__, indices):
+            try:
+                del c.__instance_refs[index]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
 
-        return instance
+    def clear_instances(cls):
+        """Clear all instances tracked by cls."""
+        cls.__instance_refs.clear()
+        cls.__numcreated = 0
 
     def get_instances(cls, name=None, root=None, klass=None):
         """Get all instances of cls and its subclasses.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         name : str
             Limit to components with this name.
         root : Component or subclass
             Limit to components having this root.
         klass : class or str
             Limits to instances of the class or its subclasses.  If a str
             is given ut must be in the form 'foo.bar.MyClass'.  The str
             form of this argument is useful for forward declarations.
         """
         if klass is not None:
             if isinstance(klass, basestring):
                 klass = import_item(klass)
+            # Limit search to instances of klass for performance
+            if issubclass(klass, Component):
+                return klass.get_instances(name=name, root=root)
         instances = cls.__instance_refs.values()
         if name is not None:
             instances = [i for i in instances if i.name == name]
         if klass is not None:
             instances = [i for i in instances if isinstance(i, klass)]
         if root is not None:
             instances = [i for i in instances if i.root == root]
         return instances
 
     def get_instances_by_condition(cls, call, name=None, root=None,
                                    klass=None):
         """Get all instances of cls, i such that call(i)==True.
 
         This also takes the ``name`` and ``root`` and ``classname`` 
         arguments of :meth:`get_instance`
         """
         return [i for i in cls.get_instances(name, root, klass) if call(i)]
 
 
+def masquerade_as(instance, cls):
+    """Let instance masquerade as an instance of cls.
+
+    Sometimes, such as in testing code, it is useful to let a class
+    masquerade as another.  Python, being duck typed, allows this by 
+    default.  But, instances of components are tracked by their class type.
+
+    After calling this, cls.get_instances() will return ``instance``.  This
+    does not, however, cause isinstance(instance, cls) to return ``True``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    instance : an instance of a Component or Component subclass
+        The instance that will pretend to be a cls.
+    cls : subclass of Component
+        The Component subclass that instance will pretend to be.
+    """
+    cls.register_instance(instance)
+
+
 class ComponentNameGenerator(object):
     """A Singleton to generate unique component names."""
 
     def __init__(self, prefix):
         self.prefix = prefix
         self.i = 0
 
     def __call__(self):
         count = self.i
         self.i += 1
         return "%s%s" % (self.prefix, count)
 
 
 ComponentNameGenerator = ComponentNameGenerator('ipython.component')
 
 
 class MetaComponent(MetaHasTraitlets, MetaComponentTracker):
     pass
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Component implementation
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class Component(HasTraitlets):
 
     __metaclass__ = MetaComponent
 
     # Traitlets are fun!
     config = Instance(Struct,(),{})
     parent = This()
     root = This()
     created = None
 
     def __init__(self, parent, name=None, config=None):
         """Create a component given a parent and possibly and name and config.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         parent : Component subclass
             The parent in the component graph.  The parent is used
             to get the root of the component graph.
         name : str
             The unique name of the component.  If empty, then a unique
             one will be autogenerated.
         config : Struct
             If this is empty, self.config = parent.config, otherwise
             self.config = config and root.config is ignored.  This argument
             should only be used to *override* the automatic inheritance of 
             parent.config.  If a caller wants to modify parent.config 
             (not override), the caller should make a copy and change 
             attributes and then pass the copy to this argument.
         
         Notes
         -----
         Subclasses of Component must call the :meth:`__init__` method of
         :class:`Component` *before* doing anything else and using 
         :func:`super`::
         
             class MyComponent(Component):
                 def __init__(self, parent, name=None, config=None):
                     super(MyComponent, self).__init__(parent, name, config)
                     # Then any other code you need to finish initialization.
 
         This ensures that the :attr:`parent`, :attr:`name` and :attr:`config`
         attributes are handled properly.
         """
         super(Component, self).__init__()
         self._children = []
         if name is None:
             self.name = ComponentNameGenerator()
         else:
             self.name = name
         self.root = self # This is the default, it is set when parent is set
         self.parent = parent     
         if config is not None:
             self.config = deepcopy(config)
         else:
             if self.parent is not None:
                 self.config = deepcopy(self.parent.config)
 
         self.created = datetime.datetime.now()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Static traitlet notifiations
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def _parent_changed(self, name, old, new):
         if old is not None:
             old._remove_child(self)
         if new is not None:
             new._add_child(self)
 
         if new is None:
             self.root = self
         else:
             self.root = new.root
 
     def _root_changed(self, name, old, new):
         if self.parent is None:
             if not (new is self):
                 raise ComponentError("Root not self, but parent is None.")
         else:
             if not self.parent.root is new:
                 raise ComponentError("Error in setting the root attribute: "
                                      "root != parent.root")
 
     def _config_changed(self, name, old, new):
         """Update all the class traits having a config_key with the config.
 
         For any class traitlet with a ``config_key`` metadata attribute, we
         update the traitlet with the value of the corresponding config entry.
 
         In the future, we might want to do a pop here so stale config info
         is not passed onto children.
         """
         # Get all traitlets with a config_key metadata entry
         traitlets = self.traitlets('config_key')
         for k, v in traitlets.items():
             try:
                 config_value = new[v.get_metadata('config_key')]
             except KeyError:
                 pass
             else:
                 setattr(self, k, config_value)
 
     @property
     def children(self):
         """A list of all my child components."""
         return self._children
 
     def _remove_child(self, child):
         """A private method for removing children components."""
         if child in self._children:
             index = self._children.index(child)
             del self._children[index]
 
     def _add_child(self, child):
         """A private method for adding children components."""
         if child not in self._children:
             self._children.append(child)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<Component('%s')>" % self.name
+        return "<%s('%s')>" % (self.__class__.__name__, "DummyName")
+        # return "<Component('%s')>" % self.name

IPython/core/ipapp.py

@@ -1,317 +1,318 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 The main IPython application object
 
 Authors:
 
 * Brian Granger
 * Fernando Perez
 
 Notes
 -----
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import os
 import sys
 import warnings
 
 from IPython.core.application import Application
 from IPython.core import release
 from IPython.core.iplib import InteractiveShell
 from IPython.config.loader import IPythonArgParseConfigLoader, NoDefault
 
 from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utilities and helpers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 ipython_desc = """
 A Python shell with automatic history (input and output), dynamic object
 introspection, easier configuration, command completion, access to the system
 shell and more.
 """
 
 def threaded_shell_warning():
     msg = """
 
 The IPython threaded shells and their associated command line
 arguments (pylab/wthread/gthread/qthread/q4thread) have been 
 deprecated.  See the %gui magic for information on the new interface.
 """
     warnings.warn(msg, category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 cl_args = (
     (('-autocall',), dict(
         type=int, dest='AUTOCALL', default=NoDefault,
         help='Set the autocall value (0,1,2).')
     ),
     (('-autoindent',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='AUTOINDENT', default=NoDefault,
         help='Turn on autoindenting.')
     ),
     (('-noautoindent',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='AUTOINDENT', default=NoDefault,
         help='Turn off autoindenting.')
     ),
     (('-automagic',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='AUTOMAGIC', default=NoDefault,
         help='Turn on the auto calling of magic commands.')
     ),
     (('-noautomagic',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='AUTOMAGIC', default=NoDefault,
         help='Turn off the auto calling of magic commands.')
     ),
     (('-autoedit_syntax',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='AUTOEDIT_SYNTAX', default=NoDefault,
         help='Turn on auto editing of files with syntax errors.')
     ),
     (('-noautoedit_syntax',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='AUTOEDIT_SYNTAX', default=NoDefault,
         help='Turn off auto editing of files with syntax errors.')
     ),
     (('-banner',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='DISPLAY_BANNER', default=NoDefault,
         help='Display a banner upon starting IPython.')
     ),
     (('-nobanner',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='DISPLAY_BANNER', default=NoDefault,
         help="Don't display a banner upon starting IPython.")
     ),
     (('-c',), dict(
         type=str, dest='C', default=NoDefault,
         help="Execute  the  given  command  string.")
     ),
     (('-cache_size',), dict(
         type=int, dest='CACHE_SIZE', default=NoDefault,
         help="Set the size of the output cache.")
     ),
     (('-classic',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='CLASSIC', default=NoDefault,
         help="Gives IPython a similar feel to the classic Python prompt.")
     ),
     (('-colors',), dict(
         type=str, dest='COLORS', default=NoDefault,
         help="Set the color scheme (NoColor, Linux, and LightBG).")
     ),
     (('-color_info',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='COLOR_INFO', default=NoDefault,
         help="Enable using colors for info related things.")
     ),
     (('-nocolor_info',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='COLOR_INFO', default=NoDefault,
         help="Disable using colors for info related things.")
     ),
     (('-confirm_exit',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='CONFIRM_EXIT', default=NoDefault,
         help="Prompt the user when existing.")
     ),
     (('-noconfirm_exit',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='CONFIRM_EXIT', default=NoDefault,
         help="Don't prompt the user when existing.")
     ),
     (('-deep_reload',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='DEEP_RELOAD', default=NoDefault,
         help="Enable deep (recursive) reloading by default.")
     ),
     (('-nodeep_reload',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='DEEP_RELOAD', default=NoDefault,
         help="Disable deep (recursive) reloading by default.")
     ),
     (('-editor',), dict(
         type=str, dest='EDITOR', default=NoDefault,
         help="Set the editor used by IPython (default to $EDITOR/vi/notepad).")
     ),
     (('-log','-l'), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='LOGSTART', default=NoDefault,
         help="Start logging to the default file (./ipython_log.py).")
     ),
     (('-logfile','-lf'), dict(
         type=str, dest='LOGFILE', default=NoDefault,
         help="Specify the name of your logfile.")
     ),
     (('-logplay','-lp'), dict(
         type=str, dest='LOGPLAY', default=NoDefault,
         help="Re-play a log file and then append to it.")
     ),
     (('-pdb',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='PDB', default=NoDefault,
         help="Enable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.")
     ),
     (('-nopdb',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='PDB', default=NoDefault,
         help="Disable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.")
     ),
     (('-pprint',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='PPRINT', default=NoDefault,
         help="Enable auto pretty printing of results.")
     ),
     (('-nopprint',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='PPRINT', default=NoDefault,
         help="Disable auto auto pretty printing of results.")
     ),
     (('-prompt_in1','-pi1'), dict(
         type=str, dest='PROMPT_IN1', default=NoDefault,
         help="Set the main input prompt ('In [\#]: ')")
     ),
     (('-prompt_in2','-pi2'), dict(
         type=str, dest='PROMPT_IN2', default=NoDefault,
         help="Set the secondary input prompt (' .\D.: ')")
     ),
     (('-prompt_out','-po'), dict(
         type=str, dest='PROMPT_OUT', default=NoDefault,
         help="Set the output prompt ('Out[\#]:')")
     ),
     (('-quick',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='QUICK', default=NoDefault,
         help="Enable quick startup with no config files.")
     ),
     (('-readline',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='READLINE_USE', default=NoDefault,
         help="Enable readline for command line usage.")
     ),
     (('-noreadline',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='READLINE_USE', default=NoDefault,
         help="Disable readline for command line usage.")
     ),
     (('-screen_length','-sl'), dict(
         type=int, dest='SCREEN_LENGTH', default=NoDefault,
         help='Number of lines on screen, used to control printing of long strings.')
     ),
     (('-separate_in','-si'), dict(
         type=str, dest='SEPARATE_IN', default=NoDefault,
         help="Separator before input prompts.  Default '\n'.")
     ),
     (('-separate_out','-so'), dict(
         type=str, dest='SEPARATE_OUT', default=NoDefault,
         help="Separator before output prompts.  Default 0 (nothing).")
     ),
     (('-separate_out2','-so2'), dict(
         type=str, dest='SEPARATE_OUT2', default=NoDefault,
         help="Separator after output prompts.  Default 0 (nonight).")
     ),
     (('-nosep',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='NOSEP', default=NoDefault,
         help="Eliminate all spacing between prompts.")
     ),
     (('-term_title',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='TERM_TITLE', default=NoDefault,
         help="Enable auto setting the terminal title.")
     ),
     (('-noterm_title',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='TERM_TITLE', default=NoDefault,
         help="Disable auto setting the terminal title.")
     ),
     (('-xmode',), dict(
         type=str, dest='XMODE', default=NoDefault,
         help="Exception mode ('Plain','Context','Verbose')")
     ),
     # These are only here to get the proper deprecation warnings
     (('-pylab','-wthread','-qthread','-q4thread','-gthread'), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='THREADED_SHELL', default=NoDefault,
         help="These command line flags are deprecated, see the 'gui' magic.")
     ),
 )
 
 
 class IPythonAppCLConfigLoader(IPythonArgParseConfigLoader):
 
     arguments = cl_args
 
 
 class IPythonApp(Application):
     name = 'ipython'
     config_file_name = 'ipython_config.py'
 
     def create_command_line_config(self):
         """Create and return a command line config loader."""
         return IPythonAppCLConfigLoader(
             description=ipython_desc,
             version=release.version)
 
     def post_load_command_line_config(self):
         """Do actions after loading cl config."""
         clc = self.command_line_config
 
         # This needs to be set here, the rest are set in pre_construct.
         if hasattr(clc, 'CLASSIC'):
             if clc.CLASSIC: clc.QUICK = 1
 
         # Display the deprecation warnings about threaded shells
         if hasattr(clc, 'THREADED_SHELL'):
             threaded_shell_warning()
             del clc['THREADED_SHELL']
 
     def load_file_config(self):
         if hasattr(self.command_line_config, 'QUICK'):
             if self.command_line_config.QUICK:
                 self.file_config = Struct()
                 return
         super(IPythonApp, self).load_file_config()
 
     def post_load_file_config(self):
         """Logic goes here."""
 
     def pre_construct(self):
         config = self.master_config
 
         if hasattr(config, 'CLASSIC'):
             if config.CLASSIC:
                 config.QUICK = 1
                 config.CACHE_SIZE = 0
                 config.PPRINT = 0
                 config.PROMPT_IN1 = '>>> '
                 config.PROMPT_IN2 = '... '
                 config.PROMPT_OUT = ''
                 config.SEPARATE_IN = config.SEPARATE_OUT = config.SEPARATE_OUT2 = ''
                 config.COLORS = 'NoColor'
                 config.XMODE = 'Plain'
 
         # All this should be moved to traitlet handlers in InteractiveShell
         # But, currently InteractiveShell doesn't have support for changing
         # these values at runtime.  Once we support that, this should
         # be moved there!!!
         if hasattr(config, 'NOSEP'):
             if config.NOSEP:
                 config.SEPARATE_IN = config.SEPARATE_OUT = config.SEPARATE_OUT2 = '0'
 
     def construct(self):
         # I am a little hesitant to put these into InteractiveShell itself.
         # But that might be the place for them
         sys.path.insert(0, '')
         # add personal ipythondir to sys.path so that users can put things in
         # there for customization
         sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(self.ipythondir))
         
         # Create an InteractiveShell instance
         self.shell = InteractiveShell(
             parent=None,
             config=self.master_config
         )
-
+        print self.shell
+    
     def start_app(self):
         self.shell.mainloop()
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     app = IPythonApp()
     app.start()
  No newline at end of file

IPython/core/iplib.py

@@ -1,3018 +1,2849 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 Main IPython Component
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Fernando Perez. <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from __future__ import with_statement
 
 import __main__
 import __builtin__
 import StringIO
 import bdb
 import codeop
 import exceptions
 import glob
 import keyword
 import new
 import os
 import re
 import shutil
 import string
 import sys
 import tempfile
 from contextlib import nested
 
 from IPython.core import ultratb
 from IPython.core import debugger, oinspect
 from IPython.core import shadowns
 from IPython.core import history as ipcorehist
 from IPython.core import prefilter
+from IPython.core.alias import AliasManager
 from IPython.core.autocall import IPyAutocall
 from IPython.core.builtin_trap import BuiltinTrap
 from IPython.core.display_trap import DisplayTrap
 from IPython.core.fakemodule import FakeModule, init_fakemod_dict
 from IPython.core.logger import Logger
 from IPython.core.magic import Magic
 from IPython.core.prompts import CachedOutput
 from IPython.core.page import page
 from IPython.core.component import Component
 from IPython.core.oldusersetup import user_setup
 from IPython.core.usage import interactive_usage, default_banner
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext, UsageError
 
 from IPython.extensions import pickleshare
 from IPython.external.Itpl import ItplNS
 from IPython.lib.backgroundjobs import BackgroundJobManager
 from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.utils import PyColorize
 from IPython.utils.genutils import *
 from IPython.utils.strdispatch import StrDispatch
 from IPython.utils.platutils import toggle_set_term_title, set_term_title
 
+from IPython.utils import growl
+growl.start("IPython")
+
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import (
     Int, Float, Str, CBool, CaselessStrEnum, Enum, List, Unicode
 )
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 # store the builtin raw_input globally, and use this always, in case user code
 # overwrites it (like wx.py.PyShell does)
 raw_input_original = raw_input
 
 # compiled regexps for autoindent management
 dedent_re = re.compile(r'^\s+raise|^\s+return|^\s+pass')
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utilities
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 ini_spaces_re = re.compile(r'^(\s+)')
 
 
 def num_ini_spaces(strng):
     """Return the number of initial spaces in a string"""
 
     ini_spaces = ini_spaces_re.match(strng)
     if ini_spaces:
         return ini_spaces.end()
     else:
         return 0
 
 
 def softspace(file, newvalue):
     """Copied from code.py, to remove the dependency"""
 
     oldvalue = 0
     try:
         oldvalue = file.softspace
     except AttributeError:
         pass
     try:
         file.softspace = newvalue
     except (AttributeError, TypeError):
         # "attribute-less object" or "read-only attributes"
         pass
     return oldvalue
 
 
 class SpaceInInput(exceptions.Exception): pass
 
 class Bunch: pass
 
 class InputList(list):
     """Class to store user input.
 
     It's basically a list, but slices return a string instead of a list, thus
     allowing things like (assuming 'In' is an instance):
 
     exec In[4:7]
 
     or
 
     exec In[5:9] + In[14] + In[21:25]"""
 
     def __getslice__(self,i,j):
         return ''.join(list.__getslice__(self,i,j))
 
 
 class SyntaxTB(ultratb.ListTB):
     """Extension which holds some state: the last exception value"""
 
     def __init__(self,color_scheme = 'NoColor'):
         ultratb.ListTB.__init__(self,color_scheme)
         self.last_syntax_error = None
 
     def __call__(self, etype, value, elist):
         self.last_syntax_error = value
         ultratb.ListTB.__call__(self,etype,value,elist)
 
     def clear_err_state(self):
         """Return the current error state and clear it"""
         e = self.last_syntax_error
         self.last_syntax_error = None
         return e
 
 
 def get_default_editor():
     try:
         ed = os.environ['EDITOR']
     except KeyError:
         if os.name == 'posix':
             ed = 'vi'  # the only one guaranteed to be there!
         else:
             ed = 'notepad' # same in Windows!
     return ed
 
 
 class SeparateStr(Str):
     """A Str subclass to validate separate_in, separate_out, etc.
 
     This is a Str based traitlet that converts '0'->'' and '\\n'->'\n'.
     """
 
     def validate(self, obj, value):
         if value == '0': value = ''
         value = value.replace('\\n','\n')
         return super(SeparateStr, self).validate(obj, value)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main IPython class
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class InteractiveShell(Component, Magic):
     """An enhanced, interactive shell for Python."""
 
     autocall = Enum((0,1,2), config_key='AUTOCALL')
     autoedit_syntax = CBool(False, config_key='AUTOEDIT_SYNTAX')
     autoindent = CBool(True, config_key='AUTOINDENT')
     automagic = CBool(True, config_key='AUTOMAGIC')
     display_banner = CBool(True, config_key='DISPLAY_BANNER')
     banner = Str('')
     banner1 = Str(default_banner, config_key='BANNER1')
     banner2 = Str('', config_key='BANNER2')
     c = Str('', config_key='C')
     cache_size = Int(1000, config_key='CACHE_SIZE')
     classic = CBool(False, config_key='CLASSIC')
     color_info = CBool(True, config_key='COLOR_INFO')
     colors = CaselessStrEnum(('NoColor','LightBG','Linux'), 
                              default_value='LightBG', config_key='COLORS')
     confirm_exit = CBool(True, config_key='CONFIRM_EXIT')
     debug = CBool(False, config_key='DEBUG')
     deep_reload = CBool(False, config_key='DEEP_RELOAD')
     embedded = CBool(False)
     embedded_active = CBool(False)
     editor = Str(get_default_editor(), config_key='EDITOR')
     filename = Str("<ipython console>")
     interactive = CBool(False, config_key='INTERACTIVE')
     ipythondir= Unicode('', config_key='IPYTHONDIR') # Set to os.getcwd() in __init__
     logstart = CBool(False, config_key='LOGSTART')
     logfile = Str('', config_key='LOGFILE')
     logplay = Str('', config_key='LOGPLAY')
     multi_line_specials = CBool(True, config_key='MULTI_LINE_SPECIALS')
     object_info_string_level = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=0,
                                     config_keys='OBJECT_INFO_STRING_LEVEL')
     pager = Str('less', config_key='PAGER')
     pdb = CBool(False, config_key='PDB')
     pprint = CBool(True, config_key='PPRINT')
     profile = Str('', config_key='PROFILE')
     prompt_in1 = Str('In [\\#]: ', config_key='PROMPT_IN1')
     prompt_in2 = Str('   .\\D.: ', config_key='PROMPT_IN2')
     prompt_out = Str('Out[\\#]: ', config_key='PROMPT_OUT1')
     prompts_pad_left = CBool(True, config_key='PROMPTS_PAD_LEFT')
     quiet = CBool(False, config_key='QUIET')
 
     readline_use = CBool(True, config_key='READLINE_USE')
     readline_merge_completions = CBool(True, 
                                        config_key='READLINE_MERGE_COMPLETIONS')
     readline_omit__names = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=0, 
                                 config_key='READLINE_OMIT_NAMES')
     readline_remove_delims = Str('-/~', config_key='READLINE_REMOVE_DELIMS')
     readline_parse_and_bind = List([
             'tab: complete',
             '"\C-l": possible-completions',
             'set show-all-if-ambiguous on',
             '"\C-o": tab-insert',
             '"\M-i": "    "',
             '"\M-o": "\d\d\d\d"',
             '"\M-I": "\d\d\d\d"',
             '"\C-r": reverse-search-history',
             '"\C-s": forward-search-history',
             '"\C-p": history-search-backward',
             '"\C-n": history-search-forward',
             '"\e[A": history-search-backward',
             '"\e[B": history-search-forward',
             '"\C-k": kill-line',
             '"\C-u": unix-line-discard',
         ], allow_none=False, config_key='READLINE_PARSE_AND_BIND'
     )
 
     screen_length = Int(0, config_key='SCREEN_LENGTH')
     
     # Use custom TraitletTypes that convert '0'->'' and '\\n'->'\n'
     separate_in = SeparateStr('\n', config_key='SEPARATE_IN')
     separate_out = SeparateStr('', config_key='SEPARATE_OUT')
     separate_out2 = SeparateStr('', config_key='SEPARATE_OUT2')
 
     system_header = Str('IPython system call: ', config_key='SYSTEM_HEADER')
     system_verbose = CBool(False, config_key='SYSTEM_VERBOSE')
     term_title = CBool(False, config_key='TERM_TITLE')
     wildcards_case_sensitive = CBool(True, config_key='WILDCARDS_CASE_SENSITIVE')
     xmode = CaselessStrEnum(('Context','Plain', 'Verbose'), 
                             default_value='Context', config_key='XMODE')
 
     alias = List(allow_none=False, config_key='ALIAS')
     autoexec = List(allow_none=False)
 
     # class attribute to indicate whether the class supports threads or not.
     # Subclasses with thread support should override this as needed.
     isthreaded = False
 
     def __init__(self, parent=None, config=None, ipythondir=None, usage=None,
                  user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None,
                  banner1=None, banner2=None,
                  custom_exceptions=((),None)):
 
         # This is where traitlets with a config_key argument are updated
         # from the values on config.
         super(InteractiveShell, self).__init__(parent, config=config, name='__IP')
 
         # These are relatively independent and stateless
         self.init_ipythondir(ipythondir)
         self.init_instance_attrs()
         self.init_term_title()
         self.init_usage(usage)
         self.init_banner(banner1, banner2)
 
         # Create namespaces (user_ns, user_global_ns, alias_table, etc.)
         self.init_create_namespaces(user_ns, user_global_ns)
         # This has to be done after init_create_namespaces because it uses
         # something in self.user_ns, but before init_sys_modules, which
         # is the first thing to modify sys.
         self.save_sys_module_state()
         self.init_sys_modules()
 
         self.init_history()
         self.init_encoding()
         self.init_handlers()
 
         Magic.__init__(self, self)
 
         self.init_syntax_highlighting()
         self.init_hooks()
         self.init_pushd_popd_magic()
         self.init_traceback_handlers(custom_exceptions)
         self.init_user_ns()
         self.init_logger()
-        self.init_aliases()
+        self.init_alias()
         self.init_builtins()
         
         # pre_config_initialization
         self.init_shadow_hist()
 
         # The next section should contain averything that was in ipmaker.
         self.init_logstart()
 
         # The following was in post_config_initialization
         self.init_inspector()
         self.init_readline()
         self.init_prompts()
         self.init_displayhook()
         self.init_reload_doctest()
         self.init_magics()
         self.init_pdb()
         self.hooks.late_startup_hook()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Traitlet changed handlers
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def _banner1_changed(self):
         self.compute_banner()
 
     def _banner2_changed(self):
         self.compute_banner()
 
     @property
     def usable_screen_length(self):
         if self.screen_length == 0:
             return 0
         else:
             num_lines_bot = self.separate_in.count('\n')+1
             return self.screen_length - num_lines_bot
 
     def _term_title_changed(self, name, new_value):
         self.init_term_title()
 
     def set_autoindent(self,value=None):
         """Set the autoindent flag, checking for readline support.
 
         If called with no arguments, it acts as a toggle."""
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             if os.name == 'posix':
                 warn("The auto-indent feature requires the readline library")
             self.autoindent = 0
             return
         if value is None:
             self.autoindent = not self.autoindent
         else:
             self.autoindent = value
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # init_* methods called by __init__
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_ipythondir(self, ipythondir):
         if ipythondir is not None:
             self.ipythondir = ipythondir
             self.config.IPYTHONDIR = self.ipythondir
             return
 
         if hasattr(self.config, 'IPYTHONDIR'):
             self.ipythondir = self.config.IPYTHONDIR
         if not hasattr(self.config, 'IPYTHONDIR'):
             # cdw is always defined
             self.ipythondir = os.getcwd()
 
         # The caller must make sure that ipythondir exists.  We should
         # probably handle this using a Dir traitlet.
         if not os.path.isdir(self.ipythondir):
             raise IOError('IPython dir does not exist: %s' % self.ipythondir)
 
         # All children can just read this
         self.config.IPYTHONDIR = self.ipythondir
 
     def init_instance_attrs(self):
         self.jobs = BackgroundJobManager()
         self.more = False
 
         # command compiler
         self.compile = codeop.CommandCompiler()
 
         # User input buffer
         self.buffer = []
 
         # Make an empty namespace, which extension writers can rely on both
         # existing and NEVER being used by ipython itself.  This gives them a
         # convenient location for storing additional information and state
         # their extensions may require, without fear of collisions with other
         # ipython names that may develop later.
         self.meta = Struct()
 
         # Object variable to store code object waiting execution.  This is
         # used mainly by the multithreaded shells, but it can come in handy in
         # other situations.  No need to use a Queue here, since it's a single
         # item which gets cleared once run.
         self.code_to_run = None
 
         # Flag to mark unconditional exit
         self.exit_now = False
 
         # Temporary files used for various purposes.  Deleted at exit.
         self.tempfiles = []
 
         # Keep track of readline usage (later set by init_readline)
         self.has_readline = False
 
         # keep track of where we started running (mainly for crash post-mortem)
         # This is not being used anywhere currently.
         self.starting_dir = os.getcwd()
 
         # Indentation management
         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
     def init_term_title(self):
         # Enable or disable the terminal title.
         if self.term_title:
             toggle_set_term_title(True)
             set_term_title('IPython: ' + abbrev_cwd())
         else:
             toggle_set_term_title(False)
 
     def init_usage(self, usage=None):
         if usage is None:
             self.usage = interactive_usage
         else:
             self.usage = usage
 
     def init_banner(self, banner1, banner2):
         if self.c:  # regular python doesn't print the banner with -c
             self.display_banner = False
         if banner1 is not None:
             self.banner1 = banner1
         if banner2 is not None:
             self.banner2 = banner2
         self.compute_banner()
 
     def compute_banner(self):
         self.banner = self.banner1 + '\n'
         if self.profile:
             self.banner += '\nIPython profile: %s\n' % self.profile
         if self.banner2:
             self.banner += '\n' + self.banner2 + '\n'
 
     def init_encoding(self):
         # Get system encoding at startup time.  Certain terminals (like Emacs
         # under Win32 have it set to None, and we need to have a known valid
         # encoding to use in the raw_input() method
         try:
             self.stdin_encoding = sys.stdin.encoding or 'ascii'
         except AttributeError:
             self.stdin_encoding = 'ascii'
 
     def init_syntax_highlighting(self):
         # Python source parser/formatter for syntax highlighting
         pyformat = PyColorize.Parser().format
         self.pycolorize = lambda src: pyformat(src,'str',self.colors)
 
     def init_pushd_popd_magic(self):
         # for pushd/popd management
         try:
             self.home_dir = get_home_dir()
         except HomeDirError, msg:
             fatal(msg)
 
         self.dir_stack = []
 
     def init_logger(self):
         self.logger = Logger(self, logfname='ipython_log.py', logmode='rotate')
         # local shortcut, this is used a LOT
         self.log = self.logger.log
         # template for logfile headers.  It gets resolved at runtime by the
         # logstart method.
         self.loghead_tpl = \
 """#log# Automatic Logger file. *** THIS MUST BE THE FIRST LINE ***
 #log# DO NOT CHANGE THIS LINE OR THE TWO BELOW
 #log# opts = %s
 #log# args = %s
 #log# It is safe to make manual edits below here.
 #log#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 """
 
     def init_logstart(self):
         if self.logplay:
             self.magic_logstart(self.logplay + ' append')
         elif  self.logfile:
             self.magic_logstart(self.logfile)
         elif self.logstart:
             self.magic_logstart()
 
     def init_builtins(self):
         self.builtin_trap = BuiltinTrap(self)
 
     def init_inspector(self):
         # Object inspector
         self.inspector = oinspect.Inspector(oinspect.InspectColors,
                                             PyColorize.ANSICodeColors,
                                             'NoColor',
                                             self.object_info_string_level)
 
     def init_prompts(self):
         # Initialize cache, set in/out prompts and printing system
         self.outputcache = CachedOutput(self,
                                         self.cache_size,
                                         self.pprint,
                                         input_sep = self.separate_in,
                                         output_sep = self.separate_out,
                                         output_sep2 = self.separate_out2,
                                         ps1 = self.prompt_in1,
                                         ps2 = self.prompt_in2,
                                         ps_out = self.prompt_out,
                                         pad_left = self.prompts_pad_left)
 
         # user may have over-ridden the default print hook:
         try:
             self.outputcache.__class__.display = self.hooks.display
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
     def init_displayhook(self):
         self.display_trap = DisplayTrap(self, self.outputcache)
 
     def init_reload_doctest(self):
         # Do a proper resetting of doctest, including the necessary displayhook
         # monkeypatching
         try:
             doctest_reload()
         except ImportError:
             warn("doctest module does not exist.")
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to injections into the sys module
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def save_sys_module_state(self):
         """Save the state of hooks in the sys module.
 
         This has to be called after self.user_ns is created.
         """
         self._orig_sys_module_state = {}
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stdin'] = sys.stdin
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stdout'] = sys.stdout
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stderr'] = sys.stderr
         self._orig_sys_module_state['excepthook'] = sys.excepthook
         try:
             self._orig_sys_modules_main_name = self.user_ns['__name__']
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
     def restore_sys_module_state(self):
         """Restore the state of the sys module."""
         try:
             for k, v in self._orig_sys_module_state.items():
                 setattr(sys, k, v)
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         try:
             delattr(sys, 'ipcompleter')
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         # Reset what what done in self.init_sys_modules
         try:
             sys.modules[self.user_ns['__name__']] = self._orig_sys_modules_main_name
         except (AttributeError, KeyError):
             pass
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to hooks
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_hooks(self):
         # hooks holds pointers used for user-side customizations
         self.hooks = Struct()
 
         self.strdispatchers = {}
 
         # Set all default hooks, defined in the IPython.hooks module.
         import IPython.core.hooks
         hooks = IPython.core.hooks
         for hook_name in hooks.__all__:
             # default hooks have priority 100, i.e. low; user hooks should have
             # 0-100 priority
             self.set_hook(hook_name,getattr(hooks,hook_name), 100)
 
     def set_hook(self,name,hook, priority = 50, str_key = None, re_key = None):
         """set_hook(name,hook) -> sets an internal IPython hook.
 
         IPython exposes some of its internal API as user-modifiable hooks.  By
         adding your function to one of these hooks, you can modify IPython's 
         behavior to call at runtime your own routines."""
 
         # At some point in the future, this should validate the hook before it
         # accepts it.  Probably at least check that the hook takes the number
         # of args it's supposed to.
         
         f = new.instancemethod(hook,self,self.__class__)
 
         # check if the hook is for strdispatcher first
         if str_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_s(str_key, f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
         if re_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_re(re.compile(re_key), f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
             
         dp = getattr(self.hooks, name, None)
         if name not in IPython.core.hooks.__all__:
             print "Warning! Hook '%s' is not one of %s" % (name, IPython.core.hooks.__all__ )
         if not dp:
             dp = IPython.core.hooks.CommandChainDispatcher()
         
         try:
             dp.add(f,priority)
         except AttributeError:
             # it was not commandchain, plain old func - replace
             dp = f
 
         setattr(self.hooks,name, dp)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the "main" module
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def new_main_mod(self,ns=None):
         """Return a new 'main' module object for user code execution.
         """
         main_mod = self._user_main_module
         init_fakemod_dict(main_mod,ns)
         return main_mod
 
     def cache_main_mod(self,ns,fname):
         """Cache a main module's namespace.
 
         When scripts are executed via %run, we must keep a reference to the
         namespace of their __main__ module (a FakeModule instance) around so
         that Python doesn't clear it, rendering objects defined therein
         useless.
 
         This method keeps said reference in a private dict, keyed by the
         absolute path of the module object (which corresponds to the script
         path).  This way, for multiple executions of the same script we only
         keep one copy of the namespace (the last one), thus preventing memory
         leaks from old references while allowing the objects from the last
         execution to be accessible.
 
         Note: we can not allow the actual FakeModule instances to be deleted,
         because of how Python tears down modules (it hard-sets all their
         references to None without regard for reference counts).  This method
         must therefore make a *copy* of the given namespace, to allow the
         original module's __dict__ to be cleared and reused.
 
         
         Parameters
         ----------
           ns : a namespace (a dict, typically)
 
           fname : str
             Filename associated with the namespace.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         In [10]: import IPython
 
         In [11]: _ip.cache_main_mod(IPython.__dict__,IPython.__file__)
 
         In [12]: IPython.__file__ in _ip._main_ns_cache
         Out[12]: True
         """
         self._main_ns_cache[os.path.abspath(fname)] = ns.copy()
 
     def clear_main_mod_cache(self):
         """Clear the cache of main modules.
 
         Mainly for use by utilities like %reset.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         In [15]: import IPython
 
         In [16]: _ip.cache_main_mod(IPython.__dict__,IPython.__file__)
 
         In [17]: len(_ip._main_ns_cache) > 0
         Out[17]: True
 
         In [18]: _ip.clear_main_mod_cache()
 
         In [19]: len(_ip._main_ns_cache) == 0
         Out[19]: True
         """
         self._main_ns_cache.clear()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to debugging
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_pdb(self):
         # Set calling of pdb on exceptions
         # self.call_pdb is a property
         self.call_pdb = self.pdb
 
     def _get_call_pdb(self):
         return self._call_pdb
 
     def _set_call_pdb(self,val):
 
         if val not in (0,1,False,True):
             raise ValueError,'new call_pdb value must be boolean'
 
         # store value in instance
         self._call_pdb = val
 
         # notify the actual exception handlers
         self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb = val
         if self.isthreaded:
             try:
                 self.sys_excepthook.call_pdb = val
             except:
                 warn('Failed to activate pdb for threaded exception handler')
 
     call_pdb = property(_get_call_pdb,_set_call_pdb,None,
                         'Control auto-activation of pdb at exceptions')
 
     def debugger(self,force=False):
         """Call the pydb/pdb debugger.
 
         Keywords:
 
           - force(False): by default, this routine checks the instance call_pdb
           flag and does not actually invoke the debugger if the flag is false.
           The 'force' option forces the debugger to activate even if the flag
           is false.
         """
 
         if not (force or self.call_pdb):
             return
 
         if not hasattr(sys,'last_traceback'):
             error('No traceback has been produced, nothing to debug.')
             return
 
         # use pydb if available
         if debugger.has_pydb:
             from pydb import pm
         else:
             # fallback to our internal debugger
             pm = lambda : self.InteractiveTB.debugger(force=True)
         self.history_saving_wrapper(pm)()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to IPython's various namespaces
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_create_namespaces(self, user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None):
         # Create the namespace where the user will operate.  user_ns is
         # normally the only one used, and it is passed to the exec calls as
         # the locals argument.  But we do carry a user_global_ns namespace
         # given as the exec 'globals' argument,  This is useful in embedding
         # situations where the ipython shell opens in a context where the
         # distinction between locals and globals is meaningful.  For
         # non-embedded contexts, it is just the same object as the user_ns dict.
 
         # FIXME. For some strange reason, __builtins__ is showing up at user
         # level as a dict instead of a module. This is a manual fix, but I
         # should really track down where the problem is coming from. Alex
         # Schmolck reported this problem first.
 
         # A useful post by Alex Martelli on this topic:
         # Re: inconsistent value from __builtins__
         # Von: Alex Martelli <[e-mail]>
         # Datum: Freitag 01 Oktober 2004 04:45:34 nachmittags/abends
         # Gruppen: comp.lang.python
 
         # Michael Hohn <[e-mail]> wrote:
         # > >>> print type(builtin_check.get_global_binding('__builtins__'))
         # > <type 'dict'>
         # > >>> print type(__builtins__)
         # > <type 'module'>
         # > Is this difference in return value intentional?
 
         # Well, it's documented that '__builtins__' can be either a dictionary
         # or a module, and it's been that way for a long time. Whether it's
         # intentional (or sensible), I don't know. In any case, the idea is
         # that if you need to access the built-in namespace directly, you
         # should start with "import __builtin__" (note, no 's') which will
         # definitely give you a module. Yeah, it's somewhat confusing:-(.
 
         # These routines return properly built dicts as needed by the rest of
         # the code, and can also be used by extension writers to generate
         # properly initialized namespaces.
         user_ns, user_global_ns = self.make_user_namespaces(user_ns,
             user_global_ns)
 
         # Assign namespaces
         # This is the namespace where all normal user variables live
         self.user_ns = user_ns
         self.user_global_ns = user_global_ns
 
         # An auxiliary namespace that checks what parts of the user_ns were
         # loaded at startup, so we can list later only variables defined in
         # actual interactive use.  Since it is always a subset of user_ns, it
         # doesn't need to be seaparately tracked in the ns_table
         self.user_config_ns = {}
 
         # A namespace to keep track of internal data structures to prevent
         # them from cluttering user-visible stuff.  Will be updated later
         self.internal_ns = {}
 
         # Namespace of system aliases.  Each entry in the alias
         # table must be a 2-tuple of the form (N,name), where N is the number
         # of positional arguments of the alias.
         self.alias_table = {}
 
         # Now that FakeModule produces a real module, we've run into a nasty
         # problem: after script execution (via %run), the module where the user
         # code ran is deleted.  Now that this object is a true module (needed
         # so docetst and other tools work correctly), the Python module
         # teardown mechanism runs over it, and sets to None every variable
         # present in that module.  Top-level references to objects from the
         # script survive, because the user_ns is updated with them.  However,
         # calling functions defined in the script that use other things from
         # the script will fail, because the function's closure had references
         # to the original objects, which are now all None.  So we must protect
         # these modules from deletion by keeping a cache.
         # 
         # To avoid keeping stale modules around (we only need the one from the
         # last run), we use a dict keyed with the full path to the script, so
         # only the last version of the module is held in the cache.  Note,
         # however, that we must cache the module *namespace contents* (their
         # __dict__).  Because if we try to cache the actual modules, old ones
         # (uncached) could be destroyed while still holding references (such as
         # those held by GUI objects that tend to be long-lived)>
         # 
         # The %reset command will flush this cache.  See the cache_main_mod()
         # and clear_main_mod_cache() methods for details on use.
 
         # This is the cache used for 'main' namespaces
         self._main_ns_cache = {}
         # And this is the single instance of FakeModule whose __dict__ we keep
         # copying and clearing for reuse on each %run
         self._user_main_module = FakeModule()
 
         # A table holding all the namespaces IPython deals with, so that
         # introspection facilities can search easily.
         self.ns_table = {'user':user_ns,
                          'user_global':user_global_ns,
                          'alias':self.alias_table,
                          'internal':self.internal_ns,
                          'builtin':__builtin__.__dict__
                          }
 
         # Similarly, track all namespaces where references can be held and that
         # we can safely clear (so it can NOT include builtin).  This one can be
         # a simple list.
         self.ns_refs_table = [ user_ns, user_global_ns, self.user_config_ns,
                                self.alias_table, self.internal_ns,
                                self._main_ns_cache ]
 
     def init_sys_modules(self):
         # We need to insert into sys.modules something that looks like a
         # module but which accesses the IPython namespace, for shelve and
         # pickle to work interactively. Normally they rely on getting
         # everything out of __main__, but for embedding purposes each IPython
         # instance has its own private namespace, so we can't go shoving
         # everything into __main__.
 
         # note, however, that we should only do this for non-embedded
         # ipythons, which really mimic the __main__.__dict__ with their own
         # namespace.  Embedded instances, on the other hand, should not do
         # this because they need to manage the user local/global namespaces
         # only, but they live within a 'normal' __main__ (meaning, they
         # shouldn't overtake the execution environment of the script they're
         # embedded in).
 
         # This is overridden in the InteractiveShellEmbed subclass to a no-op.
 
         try:
             main_name = self.user_ns['__name__']
         except KeyError:
             raise KeyError('user_ns dictionary MUST have a "__name__" key')
         else:
             sys.modules[main_name] = FakeModule(self.user_ns)
 
     def make_user_namespaces(self, user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None):
         """Return a valid local and global user interactive namespaces.
 
         This builds a dict with the minimal information needed to operate as a
         valid IPython user namespace, which you can pass to the various
         embedding classes in ipython. The default implementation returns the
         same dict for both the locals and the globals to allow functions to
         refer to variables in the namespace. Customized implementations can
         return different dicts. The locals dictionary can actually be anything
         following the basic mapping protocol of a dict, but the globals dict
         must be a true dict, not even a subclass. It is recommended that any
         custom object for the locals namespace synchronize with the globals
         dict somehow.
 
         Raises TypeError if the provided globals namespace is not a true dict.
 
         :Parameters:
             user_ns : dict-like, optional
                 The current user namespace. The items in this namespace should
                 be included in the output. If None, an appropriate blank
                 namespace should be created.
             user_global_ns : dict, optional
                 The current user global namespace. The items in this namespace
                 should be included in the output. If None, an appropriate
                 blank namespace should be created.
 
         :Returns:
             A tuple pair of dictionary-like object to be used as the local namespace
             of the interpreter and a dict to be used as the global namespace.
         """
 
         if user_ns is None:
             # Set __name__ to __main__ to better match the behavior of the
             # normal interpreter.
             user_ns = {'__name__'     :'__main__',
                        '__builtins__' : __builtin__,
                       }
         else:
             user_ns.setdefault('__name__','__main__')
             user_ns.setdefault('__builtins__',__builtin__)
 
         if user_global_ns is None:
             user_global_ns = user_ns
         if type(user_global_ns) is not dict:
             raise TypeError("user_global_ns must be a true dict; got %r"
                 % type(user_global_ns))
 
         return user_ns, user_global_ns
 
     def init_user_ns(self):
         """Initialize all user-visible namespaces to their minimum defaults.
 
         Certain history lists are also initialized here, as they effectively
         act as user namespaces.
 
         Notes
         -----
         All data structures here are only filled in, they are NOT reset by this
         method.  If they were not empty before, data will simply be added to
         therm.
         """
         # The user namespace MUST have a pointer to the shell itself.
         self.user_ns[self.name] = self
 
         # Store myself as the public api!!!
         self.user_ns['_ip'] = self
 
         # make global variables for user access to the histories
         self.user_ns['_ih'] = self.input_hist
         self.user_ns['_oh'] = self.output_hist
         self.user_ns['_dh'] = self.dir_hist
 
         # user aliases to input and output histories
         self.user_ns['In']  = self.input_hist
         self.user_ns['Out'] = self.output_hist
 
         self.user_ns['_sh'] = shadowns
 
         # Put 'help' in the user namespace
         try:
             from site import _Helper
             self.user_ns['help'] = _Helper()
         except ImportError:
             warn('help() not available - check site.py')
 
     def reset(self):
         """Clear all internal namespaces.
 
         Note that this is much more aggressive than %reset, since it clears
         fully all namespaces, as well as all input/output lists.
         """
         for ns in self.ns_refs_table:
             ns.clear()
 
         # Clear input and output histories
         self.input_hist[:] = []
         self.input_hist_raw[:] = []
         self.output_hist.clear()
         # Restore the user namespaces to minimal usability
         self.init_user_ns()
 
     def push(self, variables, interactive=True):
         """Inject a group of variables into the IPython user namespace.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         variables : dict, str or list/tuple of str
             The variables to inject into the user's namespace.  If a dict,
             a simple update is done.  If a str, the string is assumed to 
             have variable names separated by spaces.  A list/tuple of str
             can also be used to give the variable names.  If just the variable
             names are give (list/tuple/str) then the variable values looked
             up in the callers frame.
         interactive : bool
             If True (default), the variables will be listed with the ``who``
             magic.
         """
         vdict = None
 
         # We need a dict of name/value pairs to do namespace updates.
         if isinstance(variables, dict):
             vdict = variables
         elif isinstance(variables, (basestring, list, tuple)):
             if isinstance(variables, basestring):
                 vlist = variables.split()
             else:
                 vlist = variables
             vdict = {}
             cf = sys._getframe(1)
             for name in vlist:
                 try:
                     vdict[name] = eval(name, cf.f_globals, cf.f_locals)
                 except:
                     print ('Could not get variable %s from %s' %
                            (name,cf.f_code.co_name))
         else:
             raise ValueError('variables must be a dict/str/list/tuple')
             
         # Propagate variables to user namespace
         self.user_ns.update(vdict)
 
         # And configure interactive visibility
         config_ns = self.user_config_ns
         if interactive:
             for name, val in vdict.iteritems():
                 config_ns.pop(name, None)
         else:
             for name,val in vdict.iteritems():
                 config_ns[name] = val
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to history management
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_history(self):
         # List of input with multi-line handling.
         self.input_hist = InputList()
         # This one will hold the 'raw' input history, without any
         # pre-processing.  This will allow users to retrieve the input just as
         # it was exactly typed in by the user, with %hist -r.
         self.input_hist_raw = InputList()
 
         # list of visited directories
         try:
             self.dir_hist = [os.getcwd()]
         except OSError:
             self.dir_hist = []
 
         # dict of output history
         self.output_hist = {}
 
         # Now the history file
         try:
             histfname = 'history-%s' % self.profile
         except AttributeError:
             histfname = 'history'
         self.histfile = os.path.join(self.config.IPYTHONDIR, histfname)
 
         # Fill the history zero entry, user counter starts at 1
         self.input_hist.append('\n')
         self.input_hist_raw.append('\n')
 
     def init_shadow_hist(self):
         try:
             self.db = pickleshare.PickleShareDB(self.config.IPYTHONDIR + "/db")
         except exceptions.UnicodeDecodeError:
             print "Your ipythondir can't be decoded to unicode!"
             print "Please set HOME environment variable to something that"
             print r"only has ASCII characters, e.g. c:\home"
             print "Now it is", self.config.IPYTHONDIR
             sys.exit()
         self.shadowhist = ipcorehist.ShadowHist(self.db)
 
     def savehist(self):
         """Save input history to a file (via readline library)."""
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             return
         
         try:
             self.readline.write_history_file(self.histfile)
         except:
             print 'Unable to save IPython command history to file: ' + \
                   `self.histfile`
 
     def reloadhist(self):
         """Reload the input history from disk file."""
 
         if self.has_readline:
             try:
                 self.readline.clear_history()
                 self.readline.read_history_file(self.shell.histfile)
             except AttributeError:
                 pass
 
     def history_saving_wrapper(self, func):
         """ Wrap func for readline history saving
 
         Convert func into callable that saves & restores
         history around the call """
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             return func
 
         def wrapper():
             self.savehist()
             try:
                 func()
             finally:
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
         return wrapper
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to exception handling and tracebacks (not debugging)
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_traceback_handlers(self, custom_exceptions):
         # Syntax error handler.
         self.SyntaxTB = SyntaxTB(color_scheme='NoColor')
         
         # The interactive one is initialized with an offset, meaning we always
         # want to remove the topmost item in the traceback, which is our own
         # internal code. Valid modes: ['Plain','Context','Verbose']
         self.InteractiveTB = ultratb.AutoFormattedTB(mode = 'Plain',
                                                      color_scheme='NoColor',
                                                      tb_offset = 1)
 
         # IPython itself shouldn't crash. This will produce a detailed
         # post-mortem if it does.  But we only install the crash handler for
         # non-threaded shells, the threaded ones use a normal verbose reporter
         # and lose the crash handler.  This is because exceptions in the main
         # thread (such as in GUI code) propagate directly to sys.excepthook,
         # and there's no point in printing crash dumps for every user exception.
         if self.isthreaded:
             ipCrashHandler = ultratb.FormattedTB()
         else:
             from IPython.core import crashhandler
             ipCrashHandler = crashhandler.IPythonCrashHandler(self)
         self.set_crash_handler(ipCrashHandler)
 
         # and add any custom exception handlers the user may have specified
         self.set_custom_exc(*custom_exceptions)
 
     def set_crash_handler(self, crashHandler):
         """Set the IPython crash handler.
 
         This must be a callable with a signature suitable for use as
         sys.excepthook."""
 
         # Install the given crash handler as the Python exception hook
         sys.excepthook = crashHandler
         
         # The instance will store a pointer to this, so that runtime code
         # (such as magics) can access it.  This is because during the
         # read-eval loop, it gets temporarily overwritten (to deal with GUI
         # frameworks).
         self.sys_excepthook = sys.excepthook
 
     def set_custom_exc(self,exc_tuple,handler):
         """set_custom_exc(exc_tuple,handler)
 
         Set a custom exception handler, which will be called if any of the
         exceptions in exc_tuple occur in the mainloop (specifically, in the
         runcode() method.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - exc_tuple: a *tuple* of valid exceptions to call the defined
           handler for.  It is very important that you use a tuple, and NOT A
           LIST here, because of the way Python's except statement works.  If
           you only want to trap a single exception, use a singleton tuple:
 
             exc_tuple == (MyCustomException,)
 
           - handler: this must be defined as a function with the following
           basic interface: def my_handler(self,etype,value,tb).
 
           This will be made into an instance method (via new.instancemethod)
           of IPython itself, and it will be called if any of the exceptions
           listed in the exc_tuple are caught.  If the handler is None, an
           internal basic one is used, which just prints basic info.
 
         WARNING: by putting in your own exception handler into IPython's main
         execution loop, you run a very good chance of nasty crashes.  This
         facility should only be used if you really know what you are doing."""
 
         assert type(exc_tuple)==type(()) , \
                "The custom exceptions must be given AS A TUPLE."
 
         def dummy_handler(self,etype,value,tb):
             print '*** Simple custom exception handler ***'
             print 'Exception type :',etype
             print 'Exception value:',value
             print 'Traceback      :',tb
             print 'Source code    :','\n'.join(self.buffer)
 
         if handler is None: handler = dummy_handler
 
         self.CustomTB = new.instancemethod(handler,self,self.__class__)
         self.custom_exceptions = exc_tuple
 
     def excepthook(self, etype, value, tb):
       """One more defense for GUI apps that call sys.excepthook.
 
       GUI frameworks like wxPython trap exceptions and call
       sys.excepthook themselves.  I guess this is a feature that
       enables them to keep running after exceptions that would
       otherwise kill their mainloop. This is a bother for IPython
       which excepts to catch all of the program exceptions with a try:
       except: statement.
 
       Normally, IPython sets sys.excepthook to a CrashHandler instance, so if
       any app directly invokes sys.excepthook, it will look to the user like
       IPython crashed.  In order to work around this, we can disable the
       CrashHandler and replace it with this excepthook instead, which prints a
       regular traceback using our InteractiveTB.  In this fashion, apps which
       call sys.excepthook will generate a regular-looking exception from
       IPython, and the CrashHandler will only be triggered by real IPython
       crashes.
 
       This hook should be used sparingly, only in places which are not likely
       to be true IPython errors.
       """
       self.showtraceback((etype,value,tb),tb_offset=0)
 
     def showtraceback(self,exc_tuple = None,filename=None,tb_offset=None):
         """Display the exception that just occurred.
 
         If nothing is known about the exception, this is the method which
         should be used throughout the code for presenting user tracebacks,
         rather than directly invoking the InteractiveTB object.
 
         A specific showsyntaxerror() also exists, but this method can take
         care of calling it if needed, so unless you are explicitly catching a
         SyntaxError exception, don't try to analyze the stack manually and
         simply call this method."""
 
         
         # Though this won't be called by syntax errors in the input line,
         # there may be SyntaxError cases whith imported code.
         
         try:
             if exc_tuple is None:
                 etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
             else:
                 etype, value, tb = exc_tuple
     
             if etype is SyntaxError:
                 self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             elif etype is UsageError:
                 print "UsageError:", value
             else:
                 # WARNING: these variables are somewhat deprecated and not
                 # necessarily safe to use in a threaded environment, but tools
                 # like pdb depend on their existence, so let's set them.  If we
                 # find problems in the field, we'll need to revisit their use.
                 sys.last_type = etype
                 sys.last_value = value
                 sys.last_traceback = tb
     
                 if etype in self.custom_exceptions:
                     self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
                 else:
                     self.InteractiveTB(etype,value,tb,tb_offset=tb_offset)
                     if self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb and self.has_readline:
                         # pdb mucks up readline, fix it back
                         self.set_completer()
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             self.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt\n")
 
     def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None):
         """Display the syntax error that just occurred.
 
         This doesn't display a stack trace because there isn't one.
 
         If a filename is given, it is stuffed in the exception instead
         of what was there before (because Python's parser always uses
         "<string>" when reading from a string).
         """
         etype, value, last_traceback = sys.exc_info()
 
         # See note about these variables in showtraceback() below
         sys.last_type = etype
         sys.last_value = value
         sys.last_traceback = last_traceback
         
         if filename and etype is SyntaxError:
             # Work hard to stuff the correct filename in the exception
             try:
                 msg, (dummy_filename, lineno, offset, line) = value
             except:
                 # Not the format we expect; leave it alone
                 pass
             else:
                 # Stuff in the right filename
                 try:
                     # Assume SyntaxError is a class exception
                     value = SyntaxError(msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line))
                 except:
                     # If that failed, assume SyntaxError is a string
                     value = msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line)
         self.SyntaxTB(etype,value,[])
 
     def edit_syntax_error(self):
         """The bottom half of the syntax error handler called in the main loop.
 
         Loop until syntax error is fixed or user cancels.
         """
 
         while self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error:
             # copy and clear last_syntax_error
             err = self.SyntaxTB.clear_err_state()
             if not self._should_recompile(err):
                 return
             try:
                 # may set last_syntax_error again if a SyntaxError is raised
                 self.safe_execfile(err.filename,self.user_ns)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 try:
                     f = file(err.filename)
                     try:
                         # This should be inside a display_trap block and I 
                         # think it is.
                         sys.displayhook(f.read())
                     finally:
                         f.close()
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
 
     def _should_recompile(self,e):
         """Utility routine for edit_syntax_error"""
 
         if e.filename in ('<ipython console>','<input>','<string>',
                           '<console>','<BackgroundJob compilation>',
                           None):
                               
             return False
         try:
             if (self.autoedit_syntax and 
                 not self.ask_yes_no('Return to editor to correct syntax error? '
                               '[Y/n] ','y')):
                 return False
         except EOFError:
             return False
 
         def int0(x):
             try:
                 return int(x)
             except TypeError:
                 return 0
         # always pass integer line and offset values to editor hook
         try:
             self.hooks.fix_error_editor(e.filename,
                 int0(e.lineno),int0(e.offset),e.msg)
         except TryNext:
             warn('Could not open editor')
             return False
         return True
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to tab completion
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def complete(self, text):
         """Return a sorted list of all possible completions on text.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - text: a string of text to be completed on.
 
         This is a wrapper around the completion mechanism, similar to what
         readline does at the command line when the TAB key is hit.  By
         exposing it as a method, it can be used by other non-readline
         environments (such as GUIs) for text completion.
 
         Simple usage example:
 
         In [7]: x = 'hello'
 
         In [8]: x
         Out[8]: 'hello'
 
         In [9]: print x
         hello
 
         In [10]: _ip.complete('x.l')
         Out[10]: ['x.ljust', 'x.lower', 'x.lstrip']
         """
 
         # Inject names into __builtin__ so we can complete on the added names.
         with self.builtin_trap:
             complete = self.Completer.complete
             state = 0
             # use a dict so we get unique keys, since ipyhton's multiple
             # completers can return duplicates.  When we make 2.4 a requirement,
             # start using sets instead, which are faster.
             comps = {}
             while True:
                 newcomp = complete(text,state,line_buffer=text)
                 if newcomp is None:
                     break
                 comps[newcomp] = 1
                 state += 1
             outcomps = comps.keys()
             outcomps.sort()
             #print "T:",text,"OC:",outcomps  # dbg
             #print "vars:",self.user_ns.keys()
             return outcomps
 
     def set_custom_completer(self,completer,pos=0):
         """set_custom_completer(completer,pos=0)
 
         Adds a new custom completer function.
 
         The position argument (defaults to 0) is the index in the completers
         list where you want the completer to be inserted."""
 
         newcomp = new.instancemethod(completer,self.Completer,
                                      self.Completer.__class__)
         self.Completer.matchers.insert(pos,newcomp)
 
     def set_completer(self):
         """reset readline's completer to be our own."""
         self.readline.set_completer(self.Completer.complete)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to readline
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_readline(self):
         """Command history completion/saving/reloading."""
 
         self.rl_next_input = None
         self.rl_do_indent = False
 
         if not self.readline_use:
             return
 
         import IPython.utils.rlineimpl as readline
                   
         if not readline.have_readline:
             self.has_readline = 0
             self.readline = None
             # no point in bugging windows users with this every time:
             warn('Readline services not available on this platform.')
         else:
             sys.modules['readline'] = readline
             import atexit
             from IPython.core.completer import IPCompleter
             self.Completer = IPCompleter(self,
                                             self.user_ns,
                                             self.user_global_ns,
                                             self.readline_omit__names,
                                             self.alias_table)
             sdisp = self.strdispatchers.get('complete_command', StrDispatch())
             self.strdispatchers['complete_command'] = sdisp
             self.Completer.custom_completers = sdisp
             # Platform-specific configuration
             if os.name == 'nt':
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_pre_input_hook
             else:
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_startup_hook
 
             # Load user's initrc file (readline config)
             # Or if libedit is used, load editrc.
             inputrc_name = os.environ.get('INPUTRC')
             if inputrc_name is None:
                 home_dir = get_home_dir()
                 if home_dir is not None:
                     inputrc_name = '.inputrc'
                     if readline.uses_libedit:
                         inputrc_name = '.editrc'
                     inputrc_name = os.path.join(home_dir, inputrc_name)
             if os.path.isfile(inputrc_name):
                 try:
                     readline.read_init_file(inputrc_name)
                 except:
                     warn('Problems reading readline initialization file <%s>'
                          % inputrc_name)
             
             self.has_readline = 1
             self.readline = readline
             # save this in sys so embedded copies can restore it properly
             sys.ipcompleter = self.Completer.complete
             self.set_completer()
 
             # Configure readline according to user's prefs
             # This is only done if GNU readline is being used.  If libedit
             # is being used (as on Leopard) the readline config is
             # not run as the syntax for libedit is different.
             if not readline.uses_libedit:
                 for rlcommand in self.readline_parse_and_bind:
                     #print "loading rl:",rlcommand  # dbg
                     readline.parse_and_bind(rlcommand)
 
             # Remove some chars from the delimiters list.  If we encounter
             # unicode chars, discard them.
             delims = readline.get_completer_delims().encode("ascii", "ignore")
             delims = delims.translate(string._idmap,
                                       self.readline_remove_delims)
             readline.set_completer_delims(delims)
             # otherwise we end up with a monster history after a while:
             readline.set_history_length(1000)
             try:
                 #print '*** Reading readline history'  # dbg
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
             except IOError:
                 pass  # It doesn't exist yet.
 
             atexit.register(self.atexit_operations)
             del atexit
 
         # Configure auto-indent for all platforms
         self.set_autoindent(self.autoindent)
 
     def set_next_input(self, s):
         """ Sets the 'default' input string for the next command line.
         
         Requires readline.
         
         Example:
         
         [D:\ipython]|1> _ip.set_next_input("Hello Word")
         [D:\ipython]|2> Hello Word_  # cursor is here        
         """
 
         self.rl_next_input = s
 
     def pre_readline(self):
         """readline hook to be used at the start of each line.
 
         Currently it handles auto-indent only."""
 
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp','pre_readline:')
 
         if self.rl_do_indent:
             self.readline.insert_text(self._indent_current_str())
         if self.rl_next_input is not None:
             self.readline.insert_text(self.rl_next_input)
             self.rl_next_input = None
 
     def _indent_current_str(self):
         """return the current level of indentation as a string"""
         return self.indent_current_nsp * ' '
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to magics
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_magics(self):
         # Set user colors (don't do it in the constructor above so that it
         # doesn't crash if colors option is invalid)
         self.magic_colors(self.colors)
 
     def magic(self,arg_s):
         """Call a magic function by name.
 
         Input: a string containing the name of the magic function to call and any
         additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
 
         magic('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
         prompt:
 
         In[1]: %name -opt foo bar
 
         To call a magic without arguments, simply use magic('name').
 
         This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's magics in any
         valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
         compound statements.
         """
 
         args = arg_s.split(' ',1)
         magic_name = args[0]
         magic_name = magic_name.lstrip(self.ESC_MAGIC)
 
         try:
             magic_args = args[1]
         except IndexError:
             magic_args = ''
         fn = getattr(self,'magic_'+magic_name,None)
         if fn is None:
             error("Magic function `%s` not found." % magic_name)
         else:
             magic_args = self.var_expand(magic_args,1)
             with nested(self.builtin_trap, self.display_trap):
                 return fn(magic_args)
             # return result
 
     def define_magic(self, magicname, func):
         """Expose own function as magic function for ipython 
     
         def foo_impl(self,parameter_s=''):
             'My very own magic!. (Use docstrings, IPython reads them).'
             print 'Magic function. Passed parameter is between < >:'
             print '<%s>' % parameter_s
             print 'The self object is:',self
     
         self.define_magic('foo',foo_impl)
         """
         
         import new
         im = new.instancemethod(func,self, self.__class__)
         old = getattr(self, "magic_" + magicname, None)
         setattr(self, "magic_" + magicname, im)
         return old
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to macros
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def define_macro(self, name, themacro):
         """Define a new macro
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         name : str
             The name of the macro.
         themacro : str or Macro
             The action to do upon invoking the macro.  If a string, a new 
             Macro object is created by passing the string to it.
         """
         
         from IPython.core import macro
 
         if isinstance(themacro, basestring):
             themacro = macro.Macro(themacro)
         if not isinstance(themacro, macro.Macro):
             raise ValueError('A macro must be a string or a Macro instance.')
         self.user_ns[name] = themacro
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the running of system commands
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def system(self, cmd):
         """Make a system call, using IPython."""
         return self.hooks.shell_hook(self.var_expand(cmd, depth=2))
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to aliases
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    def init_aliases(self):
-        # dict of things NOT to alias (keywords, builtins and some magics)
-        no_alias = {}
-        no_alias_magics = ['cd','popd','pushd','dhist','alias','unalias']
-        for key in keyword.kwlist + no_alias_magics:
-            no_alias[key] = 1
-        no_alias.update(__builtin__.__dict__)
-        self.no_alias = no_alias
-
-        # Make some aliases automatically
-        # Prepare list of shell aliases to auto-define
-        if os.name == 'posix':
-            auto_alias = ('mkdir mkdir', 'rmdir rmdir',
-                          'mv mv -i','rm rm -i','cp cp -i',
-                          'cat cat','less less','clear clear',
-                          # a better ls
-                          'ls ls -F',
-                          # long ls
-                          'll ls -lF')
-            # Extra ls aliases with color, which need special treatment on BSD
-            # variants
-            ls_extra = ( # color ls
-                         'lc ls -F -o --color',
-                         # ls normal files only
-                         'lf ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-',
-                         # ls symbolic links
-                         'lk ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^l',
-                         # directories or links to directories,
-                         'ldir ls -F -o --color %l | grep /$',
-                         # things which are executable
-                         'lx ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-..x',
-                         )
-            # The BSDs don't ship GNU ls, so they don't understand the
-            # --color switch out of the box
-            if 'bsd' in sys.platform:
-                ls_extra = ( # ls normal files only
-                             'lf ls -lF | grep ^-',
-                             # ls symbolic links
-                             'lk ls -lF | grep ^l',
-                             # directories or links to directories,
-                             'ldir ls -lF | grep /$',
-                             # things which are executable
-                             'lx ls -lF | grep ^-..x',
-                             )
-            auto_alias = auto_alias + ls_extra
-        elif os.name in ['nt','dos']:
-            auto_alias = ('ls dir /on',
-                          'ddir dir /ad /on', 'ldir dir /ad /on',
-                          'mkdir mkdir','rmdir rmdir','echo echo',
-                          'ren ren','cls cls','copy copy')
-        else:
-            auto_alias = ()
-        self.auto_alias = [s.split(None,1) for s in auto_alias]
-        
-        # Load default aliases
-        for alias, cmd in self.auto_alias:
-            self.define_alias(alias,cmd)
-
-        # Load user aliases
-        for alias in self.alias:
-            self.magic_alias(alias)
-
-    def call_alias(self,alias,rest=''):
-        """Call an alias given its name and the rest of the line.
-
-        This is only used to provide backwards compatibility for users of
-        ipalias(), use of which is not recommended for anymore."""
-
-        # Now call the macro, evaluating in the user's namespace
-        cmd = self.transform_alias(alias, rest)
-        try:
-            self.system(cmd)
-        except:
-            self.showtraceback()
-
-    def define_alias(self, name, cmd):
-        """ Define a new alias."""
-
-        if callable(cmd):
-            self.alias_table[name] = cmd
-            from IPython.core import shadowns
-            setattr(shadowns, name, cmd)
-            return
-
-        if isinstance(cmd, basestring):
-            nargs = cmd.count('%s')
-            if nargs>0 and cmd.find('%l')>=0:
-                raise Exception('The %s and %l specifiers are mutually '
-                                'exclusive in alias definitions.')
-                  
-            self.alias_table[name] = (nargs,cmd)
-            return
-        
-        self.alias_table[name] = cmd
-
-    def ipalias(self,arg_s):
-        """Call an alias by name.
-
-        Input: a string containing the name of the alias to call and any
-        additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
-
-        ipalias('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
-        prompt:
-
-        In[1]: name -opt foo bar
-
-        To call an alias without arguments, simply use ipalias('name').
-
-        This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's aliases in any
-        valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
-        compound statements.  It is added by IPython to the Python builtin
-        namespace upon initialization."""
-
-        args = arg_s.split(' ',1)
-        alias_name = args[0]
-        try:
-            alias_args = args[1]
-        except IndexError:
-            alias_args = ''
-        if alias_name in self.alias_table:
-            self.call_alias(alias_name,alias_args)
-        else:
-            error("Alias `%s` not found." % alias_name)
+    def init_alias(self):
+        self.alias_manager = AliasManager(self, config=self.config)
 
     def expand_alias(self, line):
         """ Expand an alias in the command line 
         
         Returns the provided command line, possibly with the first word 
         (command) translated according to alias expansion rules.
         
         [ipython]|16> _ip.expand_aliases("np myfile.txt")
                  <16> 'q:/opt/np/notepad++.exe myfile.txt'
         """
         
         pre,fn,rest = self.split_user_input(line)
         res = pre + self.expand_aliases(fn, rest)
         return res
 
     def expand_aliases(self, fn, rest):
         """Expand multiple levels of aliases:
         
         if:
         
         alias foo bar /tmp
         alias baz foo
         
         then:
         
         baz huhhahhei -> bar /tmp huhhahhei
         
         """
         line = fn + " " + rest
         
         done = set()
         while 1:
             pre,fn,rest = prefilter.splitUserInput(line,
                                                    prefilter.shell_line_split)
-            if fn in self.alias_table:
+            if fn in self.alias_manager.alias_table:
                 if fn in done:
                     warn("Cyclic alias definition, repeated '%s'" % fn)
                     return ""
                 done.add(fn)
 
-                l2 = self.transform_alias(fn,rest)
-                # dir -> dir 
-                # print "alias",line, "->",l2  #dbg
+                l2 = self.alias_manager.transform_alias(fn, rest)
                 if l2 == line:
                     break
                 # ls -> ls -F should not recurse forever
                 if l2.split(None,1)[0] == line.split(None,1)[0]:
                     line = l2
                     break
-                
                 line=l2
-                
-                
-                # print "al expand to",line #dbg
             else:
                 break
                 
         return line
 
-    def transform_alias(self, alias,rest=''):
-        """ Transform alias to system command string.
-        """
-        trg = self.alias_table[alias]
-
-        nargs,cmd = trg
-        # print trg #dbg
-        if ' ' in cmd and os.path.isfile(cmd):
-            cmd = '"%s"' % cmd
-
-        # Expand the %l special to be the user's input line
-        if cmd.find('%l') >= 0:
-            cmd = cmd.replace('%l',rest)
-            rest = ''
-        if nargs==0:
-            # Simple, argument-less aliases
-            cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd,rest)
-        else:
-            # Handle aliases with positional arguments
-            args = rest.split(None,nargs)
-            if len(args)< nargs:
-                error('Alias <%s> requires %s arguments, %s given.' %
-                      (alias,nargs,len(args)))
-                return None
-            cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd % tuple(args[:nargs]),' '.join(args[nargs:]))
-        # Now call the macro, evaluating in the user's namespace
-        #print 'new command: <%r>' % cmd  # dbg
-        return cmd
-
-    def init_auto_alias(self):
-        """Define some aliases automatically.
-
-        These are ALL parameter-less aliases"""
-
-        for alias,cmd in self.auto_alias:
-            self.define_alias(alias,cmd)
-
-    def alias_table_validate(self,verbose=0):
-        """Update information about the alias table.
-
-        In particular, make sure no Python keywords/builtins are in it."""
-
-        no_alias = self.no_alias
-        for k in self.alias_table.keys():
-            if k in no_alias:
-                del self.alias_table[k]
-                if verbose:
-                    print ("Deleting alias <%s>, it's a Python "
-                           "keyword or builtin." % k)
-
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the running of code
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def ex(self, cmd):
         """Execute a normal python statement in user namespace."""
         with nested(self.builtin_trap, self.display_trap):
             exec cmd in self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns
 
     def ev(self, expr):
         """Evaluate python expression expr in user namespace.
 
         Returns the result of evaluation
         """
         with nested(self.builtin_trap, self.display_trap):
             return eval(expr, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
 
     def mainloop(self, banner=None):
         """Start the mainloop.
 
         If an optional banner argument is given, it will override the
         internally created default banner.
         """
         
         with nested(self.builtin_trap, self.display_trap):
             if self.c:  # Emulate Python's -c option
                 self.exec_init_cmd()
 
             if self.display_banner:
                 if banner is None:
                     banner = self.banner
 
             # if you run stuff with -c <cmd>, raw hist is not updated
             # ensure that it's in sync
             if len(self.input_hist) != len (self.input_hist_raw):
                 self.input_hist_raw = InputList(self.input_hist)
 
             while 1:
                 try:
                     self.interact()
                     #self.interact_with_readline()                
                     # XXX for testing of a readline-decoupled repl loop, call
                     # interact_with_readline above
                     break
                 except KeyboardInterrupt:
                     # this should not be necessary, but KeyboardInterrupt
                     # handling seems rather unpredictable...
                     self.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt in interact()\n")
 
     def exec_init_cmd(self):
         """Execute a command given at the command line.
 
         This emulates Python's -c option."""
 
         #sys.argv = ['-c']
         self.push_line(self.prefilter(self.c, False))
         if not self.interactive:
             self.ask_exit()
 
     def interact_prompt(self):
         """ Print the prompt (in read-eval-print loop) 
 
         Provided for those who want to implement their own read-eval-print loop (e.g. GUIs), not 
         used in standard IPython flow.
         """
         if self.more:
             try:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
             if self.autoindent:
                 self.rl_do_indent = True
 
         else:
             try:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
         self.write(prompt)
 
     def interact_handle_input(self,line):
         """ Handle the input line (in read-eval-print loop)
         
         Provided for those who want to implement their own read-eval-print loop (e.g. GUIs), not 
         used in standard IPython flow.        
         """
         if line.lstrip() == line:
             self.shadowhist.add(line.strip())
         lineout = self.prefilter(line,self.more)
 
         if line.strip():
             if self.more:
                 self.input_hist_raw[-1] += '%s\n' % line
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)                
 
         
         self.more = self.push_line(lineout)
         if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
             self.autoedit_syntax):
             self.edit_syntax_error()
 
     def interact_with_readline(self):
         """ Demo of using interact_handle_input, interact_prompt
         
         This is the main read-eval-print loop. If you need to implement your own (e.g. for GUI),
         it should work like this.
         """ 
         self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
         while not self.exit_now:
             self.interact_prompt()
             if self.more:
                 self.rl_do_indent = True
             else:
                 self.rl_do_indent = False
             line = raw_input_original().decode(self.stdin_encoding)
             self.interact_handle_input(line)
 
     def interact(self, banner=None):
         """Closely emulate the interactive Python console."""
 
         # batch run -> do not interact        
         if self.exit_now:
             return
 
         if self.display_banner:
             if banner is None:
                 banner = self.banner
             self.write(banner)
 
         more = 0
         
         # Mark activity in the builtins
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] += 1
         
         if self.has_readline:
             self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
         # exit_now is set by a call to %Exit or %Quit, through the
         # ask_exit callback.
         
         while not self.exit_now:
             self.hooks.pre_prompt_hook()
             if more:
                 try:
                     prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = True
                     
             else:
                 try:
                     prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
             try:
                 line = self.raw_input(prompt, more)
                 if self.exit_now:
                     # quick exit on sys.std[in|out] close
                     break
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = False
                     
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 #double-guard against keyboardinterrupts during kbdint handling
                 try:
                     self.write('\nKeyboardInterrupt\n')
                     self.resetbuffer()
                     # keep cache in sync with the prompt counter:
                     self.outputcache.prompt_count -= 1
     
                     if self.autoindent:
                         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
                     more = 0
                 except KeyboardInterrupt:
                     pass
             except EOFError:
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = False
                     self.readline_startup_hook(None)
                 self.write('\n')
                 self.exit()
             except bdb.BdbQuit:
                 warn('The Python debugger has exited with a BdbQuit exception.\n'
                      'Because of how pdb handles the stack, it is impossible\n'
                      'for IPython to properly format this particular exception.\n'
                      'IPython will resume normal operation.')
             except:
                 # exceptions here are VERY RARE, but they can be triggered
                 # asynchronously by signal handlers, for example.
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 more = self.push_line(line)
                 if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
                     self.autoedit_syntax):
                     self.edit_syntax_error()
             
         # We are off again...
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] -= 1
 
     def safe_execfile(self,fname,*where,**kw):
         """A safe version of the builtin execfile().
 
         This version will never throw an exception, and knows how to handle
         ipython logs as well.
 
         :Parameters:
           fname : string
             Name of the file to be executed.
             
           where : tuple
             One or two namespaces, passed to execfile() as (globals,locals).
             If only one is given, it is passed as both.
 
         :Keywords:
           islog : boolean (False)
 
           quiet : boolean (True)
 
           exit_ignore : boolean (False)
           """
 
         def syspath_cleanup():
             """Internal cleanup routine for sys.path."""
             if add_dname:
                 try:
                     sys.path.remove(dname)
                 except ValueError:
                     # For some reason the user has already removed it, ignore.
                     pass
         
         fname = os.path.expanduser(fname)
 
         # Find things also in current directory.  This is needed to mimic the
         # behavior of running a script from the system command line, where
         # Python inserts the script's directory into sys.path
         dname = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(fname))
         add_dname = False
         if dname not in sys.path:
             sys.path.insert(0,dname)
             add_dname = True
 
         try:
             xfile = open(fname)
         except:
             print >> Term.cerr, \
                   'Could not open file <%s> for safe execution.' % fname
             syspath_cleanup()
             return None
 
         kw.setdefault('islog',0)
         kw.setdefault('quiet',1)
         kw.setdefault('exit_ignore',0)
         
         first = xfile.readline()
         loghead = str(self.loghead_tpl).split('\n',1)[0].strip()
         xfile.close()
         # line by line execution
         if first.startswith(loghead) or kw['islog']:
             print 'Loading log file <%s> one line at a time...' % fname
             if kw['quiet']:
                 stdout_save = sys.stdout
                 sys.stdout = StringIO.StringIO()
             try:
                 globs,locs = where[0:2]
             except:
                 try:
                     globs = locs = where[0]
                 except:
                     globs = locs = globals()
             badblocks = []
 
             # we also need to identify indented blocks of code when replaying
             # logs and put them together before passing them to an exec
             # statement. This takes a bit of regexp and look-ahead work in the
             # file. It's easiest if we swallow the whole thing in memory
             # first, and manually walk through the lines list moving the
             # counter ourselves.
             indent_re = re.compile('\s+\S')
             xfile = open(fname)
             filelines = xfile.readlines()
             xfile.close()
             nlines = len(filelines)
             lnum = 0
             while lnum < nlines:
                 line = filelines[lnum]
                 lnum += 1
                 # don't re-insert logger status info into cache
                 if line.startswith('#log#'):
                     continue
                 else:
                     # build a block of code (maybe a single line) for execution
                     block = line
                     try:
                         next = filelines[lnum] # lnum has already incremented
                     except:
                         next = None
                     while next and indent_re.match(next):
                         block += next
                         lnum += 1
                         try:
                             next = filelines[lnum]
                         except:
                             next = None
                     # now execute the block of one or more lines
                     try:
                         exec block in globs,locs
                     except SystemExit:
                         pass
                     except:
                         badblocks.append(block.rstrip())
             if kw['quiet']:  # restore stdout
                 sys.stdout.close()
                 sys.stdout = stdout_save
             print 'Finished replaying log file <%s>' % fname
             if badblocks:
                 print >> sys.stderr, ('\nThe following lines/blocks in file '
                                       '<%s> reported errors:' % fname)
                     
                 for badline in badblocks:
                     print >> sys.stderr, badline
         else:  # regular file execution
             try:
                 if sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.version_info < (2,5,1):
                     # Work around a bug in Python for Windows.  The bug was
                     # fixed in in Python 2.5 r54159 and 54158, but that's still
                     # SVN Python as of March/07.  For details, see:
                     # http://projects.scipy.org/ipython/ipython/ticket/123
                     try:
                         globs,locs = where[0:2]
                     except:
                         try:
                             globs = locs = where[0]
                         except:
                             globs = locs = globals()
                     exec file(fname) in globs,locs
                 else:
                     execfile(fname,*where)
             except SyntaxError:
                 self.showsyntaxerror()
                 warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
             except SystemExit,status:
                 # Code that correctly sets the exit status flag to success (0)
                 # shouldn't be bothered with a traceback.  Note that a plain
                 # sys.exit() does NOT set the message to 0 (it's empty) so that
                 # will still get a traceback.  Note that the structure of the
                 # SystemExit exception changed between Python 2.4 and 2.5, so
                 # the checks must be done in a version-dependent way.
                 show = False
 
                 if sys.version_info[:2] > (2,5):
                     if status.message!=0 and not kw['exit_ignore']:
                         show = True
                 else:
                     if status.code and not kw['exit_ignore']:
                         show = True
                 if show:
                     self.showtraceback()
                     warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
                 warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
 
         syspath_cleanup()
 
     def cleanup_ipy_script(self, script):
         """Make a script safe for self.runlines()
 
         Notes
         -----
         This was copied over from the old ipapi and probably can be done
         away with once we move to block based interpreter.
         
         - Removes empty lines Suffixes all indented blocks that end with
         - unindented lines with empty lines
         """
         
         res = []
         lines = script.splitlines()
 
         level = 0
         for l in lines:
             lstripped = l.lstrip()
             stripped = l.strip()                
             if not stripped:
                 continue
             newlevel = len(l) - len(lstripped)
             def is_secondary_block_start(s):
                 if not s.endswith(':'):
                     return False
                 if (s.startswith('elif') or 
                     s.startswith('else') or 
                     s.startswith('except') or
                     s.startswith('finally')):
                     return True
                     
             if level > 0 and newlevel == 0 and \
                    not is_secondary_block_start(stripped): 
                 # add empty line
                 res.append('')
                 
             res.append(l)
             level = newlevel
         return '\n'.join(res) + '\n'
 
     def runlines(self, lines, clean=False):
         """Run a string of one or more lines of source.
 
         This method is capable of running a string containing multiple source
         lines, as if they had been entered at the IPython prompt.  Since it
         exposes IPython's processing machinery, the given strings can contain
         magic calls (%magic), special shell access (!cmd), etc.
         """
 
         if isinstance(lines, (list, tuple)):
             lines = '\n'.join(lines)
 
         if clean:
             lines = self.cleanup_ipy_script(lines)
 
         # We must start with a clean buffer, in case this is run from an
         # interactive IPython session (via a magic, for example).
         self.resetbuffer()
         lines = lines.splitlines()
         more = 0
 
         with nested(self.builtin_trap, self.display_trap):
             for line in lines:
                 # skip blank lines so we don't mess up the prompt counter, but do
                 # NOT skip even a blank line if we are in a code block (more is
                 # true)
             
                 if line or more:
                     # push to raw history, so hist line numbers stay in sync
                     self.input_hist_raw.append("# " + line + "\n")
                     more = self.push_line(self.prefilter(line,more))
                     # IPython's runsource returns None if there was an error
                     # compiling the code.  This allows us to stop processing right
                     # away, so the user gets the error message at the right place.
                     if more is None:
                         break
                 else:
                     self.input_hist_raw.append("\n")
             # final newline in case the input didn't have it, so that the code
             # actually does get executed
             if more:
                 self.push_line('\n')
 
     def runsource(self, source, filename='<input>', symbol='single'):
         """Compile and run some source in the interpreter.
 
         Arguments are as for compile_command().
 
         One several things can happen:
 
         1) The input is incorrect; compile_command() raised an
         exception (SyntaxError or OverflowError).  A syntax traceback
         will be printed by calling the showsyntaxerror() method.
 
         2) The input is incomplete, and more input is required;
         compile_command() returned None.  Nothing happens.
 
         3) The input is complete; compile_command() returned a code
         object.  The code is executed by calling self.runcode() (which
         also handles run-time exceptions, except for SystemExit).
 
         The return value is:
 
           - True in case 2
 
           - False in the other cases, unless an exception is raised, where
           None is returned instead.  This can be used by external callers to
           know whether to continue feeding input or not.
 
         The return value can be used to decide whether to use sys.ps1 or
         sys.ps2 to prompt the next line."""
 
         # if the source code has leading blanks, add 'if 1:\n' to it
         # this allows execution of indented pasted code. It is tempting
         # to add '\n' at the end of source to run commands like ' a=1'
         # directly, but this fails for more complicated scenarios
         source=source.encode(self.stdin_encoding)
         if source[:1] in [' ', '\t']:
             source = 'if 1:\n%s' % source
 
         try:
             code = self.compile(source,filename,symbol)
         except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError, TypeError, MemoryError):
             # Case 1
             self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             return None
 
         if code is None:
             # Case 2
             return True
 
         # Case 3
         # We store the code object so that threaded shells and
         # custom exception handlers can access all this info if needed.
         # The source corresponding to this can be obtained from the
         # buffer attribute as '\n'.join(self.buffer).
         self.code_to_run = code
         # now actually execute the code object
         if self.runcode(code) == 0:
             return False
         else:
             return None
 
     def runcode(self,code_obj):
         """Execute a code object.
 
         When an exception occurs, self.showtraceback() is called to display a
         traceback.
 
         Return value: a flag indicating whether the code to be run completed
         successfully:
 
           - 0: successful execution.
           - 1: an error occurred.
         """
 
         # Set our own excepthook in case the user code tries to call it
         # directly, so that the IPython crash handler doesn't get triggered
         old_excepthook,sys.excepthook = sys.excepthook, self.excepthook
 
         # we save the original sys.excepthook in the instance, in case config
         # code (such as magics) needs access to it.
         self.sys_excepthook = old_excepthook
         outflag = 1  # happens in more places, so it's easier as default
         try:
             try:
                 self.hooks.pre_runcode_hook()
                 exec code_obj in self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns
             finally:
                 # Reset our crash handler in place
                 sys.excepthook = old_excepthook
         except SystemExit:
             self.resetbuffer()
             self.showtraceback()
             warn("Type %exit or %quit to exit IPython "
                  "(%Exit or %Quit do so unconditionally).",level=1)
         except self.custom_exceptions:
             etype,value,tb = sys.exc_info()
             self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
         except:
             self.showtraceback()
         else:
             outflag = 0
             if softspace(sys.stdout, 0):
                 print
         # Flush out code object which has been run (and source)
         self.code_to_run = None
         return outflag
         
     def push_line(self, line):
         """Push a line to the interpreter.
 
         The line should not have a trailing newline; it may have
         internal newlines.  The line is appended to a buffer and the
         interpreter's runsource() method is called with the
         concatenated contents of the buffer as source.  If this
         indicates that the command was executed or invalid, the buffer
         is reset; otherwise, the command is incomplete, and the buffer
         is left as it was after the line was appended.  The return
         value is 1 if more input is required, 0 if the line was dealt
         with in some way (this is the same as runsource()).
         """
 
         # autoindent management should be done here, and not in the
         # interactive loop, since that one is only seen by keyboard input.  We
         # need this done correctly even for code run via runlines (which uses
         # push).
 
         #print 'push line: <%s>' % line  # dbg
         for subline in line.splitlines():
             self._autoindent_update(subline)
         self.buffer.append(line)
         more = self.runsource('\n'.join(self.buffer), self.filename)
         if not more:
             self.resetbuffer()
         return more
 
     def _autoindent_update(self,line):
         """Keep track of the indent level."""
 
         #debugx('line')
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp')
         if self.autoindent:
             if line:
                 inisp = num_ini_spaces(line)
                 if inisp < self.indent_current_nsp:
                     self.indent_current_nsp = inisp
 
                 if line[-1] == ':':
                     self.indent_current_nsp += 4
                 elif dedent_re.match(line):
                     self.indent_current_nsp -= 4
             else:
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
     def split_user_input(self, line):
         # This is really a hold-over to support ipapi and some extensions
         return prefilter.splitUserInput(line)
 
     def resetbuffer(self):
         """Reset the input buffer."""
         self.buffer[:] = []
         
     def raw_input(self,prompt='',continue_prompt=False):
         """Write a prompt and read a line.
 
         The returned line does not include the trailing newline.
         When the user enters the EOF key sequence, EOFError is raised.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - prompt(''): a string to be printed to prompt the user.
 
           - continue_prompt(False): whether this line is the first one or a
           continuation in a sequence of inputs.
         """
-
+        growl.notify("raw_input: ", "prompt = %r\ncontinue_prompt = %s" % (prompt, continue_prompt))
         # Code run by the user may have modified the readline completer state.
         # We must ensure that our completer is back in place.
+
         if self.has_readline:
             self.set_completer()
         
         try:
             line = raw_input_original(prompt).decode(self.stdin_encoding)
         except ValueError:
             warn("\n********\nYou or a %run:ed script called sys.stdin.close()"
                  " or sys.stdout.close()!\nExiting IPython!")
             self.ask_exit()
             return ""
 
         # Try to be reasonably smart about not re-indenting pasted input more
         # than necessary.  We do this by trimming out the auto-indent initial
         # spaces, if the user's actual input started itself with whitespace.
         #debugx('self.buffer[-1]')
 
         if self.autoindent:
             if num_ini_spaces(line) > self.indent_current_nsp:
                 line = line[self.indent_current_nsp:]
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
             
         # store the unfiltered input before the user has any chance to modify
         # it.
         if line.strip():
             if continue_prompt:
                 self.input_hist_raw[-1] += '%s\n' % line
                 if self.has_readline: # and some config option is set?
                     try:
                         histlen = self.readline.get_current_history_length()
                         if histlen > 1:
                             newhist = self.input_hist_raw[-1].rstrip()
                             self.readline.remove_history_item(histlen-1)
                             self.readline.replace_history_item(histlen-2,
                                             newhist.encode(self.stdin_encoding))
                     except AttributeError:
                         pass # re{move,place}_history_item are new in 2.4.                
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)                
             # only entries starting at first column go to shadow history
             if line.lstrip() == line:
                 self.shadowhist.add(line.strip())
         elif not continue_prompt:
             self.input_hist_raw.append('\n')
         try:
             lineout = self.prefilter(line,continue_prompt)
         except:
             # blanket except, in case a user-defined prefilter crashes, so it
             # can't take all of ipython with it.
             self.showtraceback()
             return ''
         else:
             return lineout
 
     # def init_exec_commands(self):
     #     for cmd in self.config.EXECUTE:
     #         print "execute:", cmd
     #         self.api.runlines(cmd)
     #         
     #     batchrun = False
     #     if self.config.has_key('EXECFILE'):
     #         for batchfile in [path(arg) for arg in self.config.EXECFILE
     #             if arg.lower().endswith('.ipy')]:
     #             if not batchfile.isfile():
     #                 print "No such batch file:", batchfile
     #                 continue
     #             self.api.runlines(batchfile.text())
     #             batchrun = True
     #     # without -i option, exit after running the batch file
     #     if batchrun and not self.interactive:
     #         self.ask_exit()            
 
     # def load(self, mod):
     #     """ Load an extension.
     #     
     #     Some modules should (or must) be 'load()':ed, rather than just imported.
     #     
     #     Loading will do:
     #     
     #     - run init_ipython(ip)
     #     - run ipython_firstrun(ip)
     #     """
     # 
     #     if mod in self.extensions:
     #         # just to make sure we don't init it twice
     #         # note that if you 'load' a module that has already been
     #         # imported, init_ipython gets run anyway
     #         
     #         return self.extensions[mod]
     #     __import__(mod)
     #     m = sys.modules[mod]
     #     if hasattr(m,'init_ipython'):
     #         m.init_ipython(self)
     #         
     #     if hasattr(m,'ipython_firstrun'):
     #         already_loaded = self.db.get('firstrun_done', set())
     #         if mod not in already_loaded:
     #             m.ipython_firstrun(self)
     #             already_loaded.add(mod)
     #             self.db['firstrun_done'] = already_loaded
     #         
     #     self.extensions[mod] = m
     #     return m
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the prefilter
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_handlers(self):
         # escapes for automatic behavior on the command line
         self.ESC_SHELL  = '!'
         self.ESC_SH_CAP = '!!'
         self.ESC_HELP   = '?'
         self.ESC_MAGIC  = '%'
         self.ESC_QUOTE  = ','
         self.ESC_QUOTE2 = ';'
         self.ESC_PAREN  = '/'
 
         # And their associated handlers
         self.esc_handlers = {self.ESC_PAREN  : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_QUOTE  : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_QUOTE2 : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_MAGIC  : self.handle_magic,
                              self.ESC_HELP   : self.handle_help,
                              self.ESC_SHELL  : self.handle_shell_escape,
                              self.ESC_SH_CAP : self.handle_shell_escape,
                              }
 
     def _prefilter(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """Calls different preprocessors, depending on the form of line."""
 
         # All handlers *must* return a value, even if it's blank ('').
 
         # Lines are NOT logged here. Handlers should process the line as
         # needed, update the cache AND log it (so that the input cache array
         # stays synced).
 
         #.....................................................................
         # Code begins
 
         #if line.startswith('%crash'): raise RuntimeError,'Crash now!'  # dbg
 
         # save the line away in case we crash, so the post-mortem handler can
         # record it
+        growl.notify("_prefilter: ", "line = %s\ncontinue_prompt = %s" % (line, continue_prompt))
+        
         self._last_input_line = line
 
         #print '***line: <%s>' % line # dbg
 
         if not line:
             # Return immediately on purely empty lines, so that if the user
             # previously typed some whitespace that started a continuation
             # prompt, he can break out of that loop with just an empty line.
             # This is how the default python prompt works.
 
             # Only return if the accumulated input buffer was just whitespace!
             if ''.join(self.buffer).isspace():
                 self.buffer[:] = []
             return ''
         
         line_info = prefilter.LineInfo(line, continue_prompt)
         
         # the input history needs to track even empty lines
         stripped = line.strip()
         
         if not stripped:
             if not continue_prompt:
                 self.outputcache.prompt_count -= 1
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
 
         # print '***cont',continue_prompt  # dbg
         # special handlers are only allowed for single line statements
         if continue_prompt and not self.multi_line_specials:
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
 
 
         # See whether any pre-existing handler can take care of it  
         rewritten = self.hooks.input_prefilter(stripped)
         if rewritten != stripped: # ok, some prefilter did something
             rewritten = line_info.pre + rewritten  # add indentation
             return self.handle_normal(prefilter.LineInfo(rewritten,
                                                          continue_prompt))
             
         #print 'pre <%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun,theRest)  # dbg
         
         return prefilter.prefilter(line_info, self)
 
 
     def _prefilter_dumb(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """simple prefilter function, for debugging"""
         return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
 
     
     def multiline_prefilter(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """ Run _prefilter for each line of input
         
         Covers cases where there are multiple lines in the user entry,
         which is the case when the user goes back to a multiline history
         entry and presses enter.
         
         """
+        growl.notify("multiline_prefilter: ", "%s\n%s" % (line, continue_prompt))
         out = []
         for l in line.rstrip('\n').split('\n'):
             out.append(self._prefilter(l, continue_prompt))
+        growl.notify("multiline_prefilter return: ", '\n'.join(out))
         return '\n'.join(out)
     
     # Set the default prefilter() function (this can be user-overridden)
     prefilter = multiline_prefilter
 
-    def handle_normal(self,line_info):
+    def handle_normal(self, line_info):
         """Handle normal input lines. Use as a template for handlers."""
 
         # With autoindent on, we need some way to exit the input loop, and I
         # don't want to force the user to have to backspace all the way to
         # clear the line.  The rule will be in this case, that either two
         # lines of pure whitespace in a row, or a line of pure whitespace but
         # of a size different to the indent level, will exit the input loop.
         line = line_info.line
         continue_prompt = line_info.continue_prompt
         
         if (continue_prompt and self.autoindent and line.isspace() and
             (0 < abs(len(line) - self.indent_current_nsp) <= 2 or
              (self.buffer[-1]).isspace() )):
             line = ''
 
         self.log(line,line,continue_prompt)
         return line
 
-    def handle_alias(self,line_info):
+    def handle_alias(self, line_info):
         """Handle alias input lines. """
-        tgt = self.alias_table[line_info.iFun]
-        # print "=>",tgt #dbg
+        tgt = self.alias_manager.alias_table[line_info.iFun]
         if callable(tgt):
             if '$' in line_info.line:
                 call_meth = '(_ip, _ip.var_expand(%s))'
             else:
                 call_meth = '(_ip,%s)'
             line_out = ("%s_sh.%s" + call_meth) % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                          line_info.iFun, 
             make_quoted_expr(line_info.line))
         else:
             transformed = self.expand_aliases(line_info.iFun,line_info.theRest)
 
             # pre is needed, because it carries the leading whitespace.  Otherwise
             # aliases won't work in indented sections.
             line_out = '%s_ip.system(%s)' % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                              make_quoted_expr( transformed ))
         
         self.log(line_info.line,line_out,line_info.continue_prompt)
         #print 'line out:',line_out # dbg
         return line_out
 
     def handle_shell_escape(self, line_info):
         """Execute the line in a shell, empty return value"""
         #print 'line in :', `line` # dbg
         line = line_info.line
         if line.lstrip().startswith('!!'):
             # rewrite LineInfo's line, iFun and theRest to properly hold the
             # call to %sx and the actual command to be executed, so
             # handle_magic can work correctly.  Note that this works even if
             # the line is indented, so it handles multi_line_specials
             # properly.
             new_rest = line.lstrip()[2:]
             line_info.line = '%ssx %s' % (self.ESC_MAGIC,new_rest)
             line_info.iFun = 'sx'
             line_info.theRest = new_rest
             return self.handle_magic(line_info)
         else:
             cmd = line.lstrip().lstrip('!')
             line_out = '%s_ip.system(%s)' % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                              make_quoted_expr(cmd))
         # update cache/log and return
         self.log(line,line_out,line_info.continue_prompt)
         return line_out
 
     def handle_magic(self, line_info):
         """Execute magic functions."""
         iFun    = line_info.iFun
         theRest = line_info.theRest
         cmd = '%s_ip.magic(%s)' % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                    make_quoted_expr(iFun + " " + theRest))
         self.log(line_info.line,cmd,line_info.continue_prompt)
         #print 'in handle_magic, cmd=<%s>' % cmd  # dbg
         return cmd
 
     def handle_auto(self, line_info):
         """Hande lines which can be auto-executed, quoting if requested."""
 
         line    = line_info.line
         iFun    = line_info.iFun
         theRest = line_info.theRest
         pre     = line_info.pre
         continue_prompt = line_info.continue_prompt
         obj = line_info.ofind(self)['obj']
 
         #print 'pre <%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun,theRest)  # dbg
 
         # This should only be active for single-line input!
         if continue_prompt:
             self.log(line,line,continue_prompt)
             return line
 
         force_auto = isinstance(obj, IPyAutocall)
         auto_rewrite = True
         
         if pre == self.ESC_QUOTE:
             # Auto-quote splitting on whitespace
             newcmd = '%s("%s")' % (iFun,'", "'.join(theRest.split()) )
         elif pre == self.ESC_QUOTE2:
             # Auto-quote whole string
             newcmd = '%s("%s")' % (iFun,theRest)
         elif pre == self.ESC_PAREN:
             newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun,",".join(theRest.split()))
         else:
             # Auto-paren.
             # We only apply it to argument-less calls if the autocall
             # parameter is set to 2.  We only need to check that autocall is <
             # 2, since this function isn't called unless it's at least 1.
             if not theRest and (self.autocall < 2) and not force_auto:
                 newcmd = '%s %s' % (iFun,theRest)
                 auto_rewrite = False
             else:
                 if not force_auto and theRest.startswith('['):
                     if hasattr(obj,'__getitem__'):
                         # Don't autocall in this case: item access for an object
                         # which is BOTH callable and implements __getitem__.
                         newcmd = '%s %s' % (iFun,theRest)
                         auto_rewrite = False
                     else:
                         # if the object doesn't support [] access, go ahead and
                         # autocall
                         newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun.rstrip(),theRest)
                 elif theRest.endswith(';'):
                     newcmd = '%s(%s);' % (iFun.rstrip(),theRest[:-1])
                 else:
                     newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun.rstrip(), theRest)
 
         if auto_rewrite:
             rw = self.outputcache.prompt1.auto_rewrite() + newcmd
             
             try:
                 # plain ascii works better w/ pyreadline, on some machines, so
                 # we use it and only print uncolored rewrite if we have unicode
                 rw = str(rw)
                 print >>Term.cout, rw
             except UnicodeEncodeError:
                 print "-------------->" + newcmd
             
         # log what is now valid Python, not the actual user input (without the
         # final newline)
         self.log(line,newcmd,continue_prompt)
         return newcmd
 
     def handle_help(self, line_info):
         """Try to get some help for the object.
 
         obj? or ?obj   -> basic information.
         obj?? or ??obj -> more details.
         """
         
         line = line_info.line
         # We need to make sure that we don't process lines which would be
         # otherwise valid python, such as "x=1 # what?"
         try:
             codeop.compile_command(line)
         except SyntaxError:
             # We should only handle as help stuff which is NOT valid syntax
             if line[0]==self.ESC_HELP:
                 line = line[1:]
             elif line[-1]==self.ESC_HELP:
                 line = line[:-1]
             self.log(line,'#?'+line,line_info.continue_prompt)
             if line:
                 #print 'line:<%r>' % line  # dbg
                 self.magic_pinfo(line)
             else:
                 page(self.usage,screen_lines=self.usable_screen_length)
             return '' # Empty string is needed here!
         except:
             # Pass any other exceptions through to the normal handler
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
         else:
             # If the code compiles ok, we should handle it normally
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
 
     def handle_emacs(self, line_info):
         """Handle input lines marked by python-mode."""
 
         # Currently, nothing is done.  Later more functionality can be added
         # here if needed.
 
         # The input cache shouldn't be updated
         return line_info.line
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Utilities
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def getoutput(self, cmd):
         return getoutput(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                          header=self.system_header,
                          verbose=self.system_verbose)
 
     def getoutputerror(self, cmd):
         return getoutputerror(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                               header=self.system_header,
                               verbose=self.system_verbose)
 
     def var_expand(self,cmd,depth=0):
         """Expand python variables in a string.
 
         The depth argument indicates how many frames above the caller should
         be walked to look for the local namespace where to expand variables.
 
         The global namespace for expansion is always the user's interactive
         namespace.
         """
 
         return str(ItplNS(cmd,
                           self.user_ns,  # globals
                           # Skip our own frame in searching for locals:
                           sys._getframe(depth+1).f_locals # locals
                           ))
 
     def mktempfile(self,data=None):
         """Make a new tempfile and return its filename.
 
         This makes a call to tempfile.mktemp, but it registers the created
         filename internally so ipython cleans it up at exit time.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - data(None): if data is given, it gets written out to the temp file
           immediately, and the file is closed again."""
 
         filename = tempfile.mktemp('.py','ipython_edit_')
         self.tempfiles.append(filename)
         
         if data:
             tmp_file = open(filename,'w')
             tmp_file.write(data)
             tmp_file.close()
         return filename
 
     def write(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default output"""
         Term.cout.write(data)
 
     def write_err(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default error output"""
         Term.cerr.write(data)
 
     def ask_yes_no(self,prompt,default=True):
         if self.quiet:
             return True
         return ask_yes_no(prompt,default)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to IPython exiting
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def ask_exit(self):
         """ Call for exiting. Can be overiden and used as a callback. """
         self.exit_now = True
 
     def exit(self):
         """Handle interactive exit.
 
         This method calls the ask_exit callback."""
         if self.confirm_exit:
             if self.ask_yes_no('Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)?','y'):
                 self.ask_exit()
         else:
             self.ask_exit()
 
     def atexit_operations(self):
         """This will be executed at the time of exit.
 
         Saving of persistent data should be performed here.
         """
         self.savehist()
 
         # Cleanup all tempfiles left around
         for tfile in self.tempfiles:
             try:
                 os.unlink(tfile)
             except OSError:
                 pass
 
         # Clear all user namespaces to release all references cleanly.
         self.reset()
 
         # Run user hooks
         self.hooks.shutdown_hook()
 
     def cleanup(self):
         self.restore_sys_module_state()
 
 
 
 
 

IPython/core/prefilter.py

@@ -1,321 +1,321 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 Classes and functions for prefiltering (transforming) a line of user input.
 This module is responsible, primarily, for breaking the line up into useful
 pieces and triggering the appropriate handlers in iplib to do the actual
 transforming work.
 """
 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
 
 import re
 from IPython.core.autocall import IPyAutocall
 
 
 class LineInfo(object):
     """A single line of input and associated info.
 
     Includes the following as properties: 
 
     line
       The original, raw line
     
     continue_prompt
       Is this line a continuation in a sequence of multiline input?
     
     pre
       The initial esc character or whitespace.
     
     preChar
       The escape character(s) in pre or the empty string if there isn't one.
       Note that '!!' is a possible value for preChar.  Otherwise it will
       always be a single character.
     
     preWhitespace
       The leading whitespace from pre if it exists.  If there is a preChar,
       this is just ''.
     
     iFun
       The 'function part', which is basically the maximal initial sequence
       of valid python identifiers and the '.' character.  This is what is
       checked for alias and magic transformations, used for auto-calling,
       etc.
     
     theRest
       Everything else on the line.
     """
     def __init__(self, line, continue_prompt):
         self.line            = line
         self.continue_prompt = continue_prompt
         self.pre, self.iFun, self.theRest = splitUserInput(line)
 
         self.preChar       = self.pre.strip()
         if self.preChar:
             self.preWhitespace = '' # No whitespace allowd before esc chars
         else: 
             self.preWhitespace = self.pre
 
         self._oinfo = None
 
     def ofind(self, ip):
         """Do a full, attribute-walking lookup of the iFun in the various
         namespaces for the given IPython InteractiveShell instance.
 
         Return a dict with keys: found,obj,ospace,ismagic
 
         Note: can cause state changes because of calling getattr, but should
         only be run if autocall is on and if the line hasn't matched any
         other, less dangerous handlers.
 
         Does cache the results of the call, so can be called multiple times
         without worrying about *further* damaging state.
         """
         if not self._oinfo:
             self._oinfo = ip._ofind(self.iFun)
         return self._oinfo
     def __str__(self):                                                         
         return "Lineinfo [%s|%s|%s]" %(self.pre,self.iFun,self.theRest)        
 
 def splitUserInput(line, pattern=None):
     """Split user input into pre-char/whitespace, function part and rest.
 
     Mostly internal to this module, but also used by iplib.expand_aliases,
     which passes in a shell pattern.
     """
     # It seems to me that the shell splitting should be a separate method.
     
     if not pattern:
         pattern = line_split
     match = pattern.match(line)
     if not match:
         #print "match failed for line '%s'" % line
         try:
             iFun,theRest = line.split(None,1)
         except ValueError:
             #print "split failed for line '%s'" % line
             iFun,theRest = line,''
         pre = re.match('^(\s*)(.*)',line).groups()[0]
     else:
         pre,iFun,theRest = match.groups()
 
     # iFun has to be a valid python identifier, so it better be only pure
     # ascii, no unicode:
     try:
         iFun = iFun.encode('ascii')
     except UnicodeEncodeError:
         theRest = iFun + u' ' + theRest
         iFun = u''
 
     #print 'line:<%s>' % line # dbg
     #print 'pre <%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun.strip(),theRest) # dbg
     return pre,iFun.strip(),theRest.lstrip()
 
 
 # RegExp for splitting line contents into pre-char//first word-method//rest.
 # For clarity, each group in on one line.
 
 # WARNING: update the regexp if the escapes in iplib are changed, as they
 # are hardwired in.
 
 # Although it's not solely driven by the regex, note that:
 # ,;/% only trigger if they are the first character on the line
 # ! and !! trigger if they are first char(s) *or* follow an indent 
 # ? triggers as first or last char.
 
 # The three parts of the regex are:
 #  1) pre:     pre_char *or* initial whitespace 
 #  2) iFun:    first word/method (mix of \w and '.')
 #  3) theRest: rest of line (separated from iFun by space if non-empty)
 line_split = re.compile(r'^([,;/%?]|!!?|\s*)'
                         r'\s*([\w\.]+)'
                         r'(\s+.*$|$)')
 
 shell_line_split = re.compile(r'^(\s*)(\S*\s*)(.*$)')
 
 def prefilter(line_info, ip):
     """Call one of the passed-in InteractiveShell's handler preprocessors,
     depending on the form of the line.  Return the results, which must be a
     value, even if it's a blank ('')."""
     # Note: the order of these checks does matter. 
     for check in [ checkEmacs,
                    checkShellEscape,
                    checkIPyAutocall,
                    checkMultiLineMagic,
                    checkEscChars,
                    checkAssignment,
                    checkAutomagic,
                    checkAlias,
                    checkPythonOps,
                    checkAutocall,
                    ]:
         handler = check(line_info, ip)
         if handler:
             return handler(line_info)
 
     return ip.handle_normal(line_info)
 
 # Handler checks
 #
 # All have the same interface: they take a LineInfo object and a ref to the
 # iplib.InteractiveShell object.  They check the line to see if a particular
 # handler should be called, and return either a handler or None.  The
 # handlers which they return are *bound* methods of the InteractiveShell
 # object. 
 #
 # In general, these checks should only take responsibility for their 'own'
 # handler.  If it doesn't get triggered, they should just return None and
 # let the rest of the check sequence run.
 
 def checkShellEscape(l_info,ip):
     if l_info.line.lstrip().startswith(ip.ESC_SHELL):
         return ip.handle_shell_escape
 
 def checkEmacs(l_info,ip):
     "Emacs ipython-mode tags certain input lines."
     if l_info.line.endswith('# PYTHON-MODE'):
         return ip.handle_emacs
     else:
         return None
 
 def checkIPyAutocall(l_info,ip):
     "Instances of IPyAutocall in user_ns get autocalled immediately"
     obj = ip.user_ns.get(l_info.iFun, None)
     if isinstance(obj, IPyAutocall):
         obj.set_ip(ip)
         return ip.handle_auto
     else:
         return None
     
     
 def checkMultiLineMagic(l_info,ip):
     "Allow ! and !! in multi-line statements if multi_line_specials is on"
     # Note that this one of the only places we check the first character of
     # iFun and *not* the preChar.  Also note that the below test matches
     # both ! and !!.    
     if l_info.continue_prompt \
         and ip.multi_line_specials:
             if l_info.iFun.startswith(ip.ESC_MAGIC):
                 return ip.handle_magic
     else:
         return None
 
 def checkEscChars(l_info,ip):
     """Check for escape character and return either a handler to handle it,
     or None if there is no escape char."""
     if l_info.line[-1] == ip.ESC_HELP \
            and l_info.preChar != ip.ESC_SHELL \
            and l_info.preChar != ip.ESC_SH_CAP:
         # the ? can be at the end, but *not* for either kind of shell escape,
         # because a ? can be a vaild final char in a shell cmd
         return ip.handle_help
     elif l_info.preChar in ip.esc_handlers:
         return ip.esc_handlers[l_info.preChar]
     else:
         return None
 
 
 def checkAssignment(l_info,ip):
     """Check to see if user is assigning to a var for the first time, in
     which case we want to avoid any sort of automagic / autocall games.
     
     This allows users to assign to either alias or magic names true python
     variables (the magic/alias systems always take second seat to true
     python code).  E.g. ls='hi', or ls,that=1,2"""
     if l_info.theRest and l_info.theRest[0] in '=,':
         return ip.handle_normal
     else:
         return None
 
 
 def checkAutomagic(l_info,ip):
     """If the iFun is magic, and automagic is on, run it.  Note: normal,
     non-auto magic would already have been triggered via '%' in
     check_esc_chars. This just checks for automagic.  Also, before
     triggering the magic handler, make sure that there is nothing in the
     user namespace which could shadow it."""
     if not ip.automagic or not hasattr(ip,'magic_'+l_info.iFun):
         return None
 
     # We have a likely magic method.  Make sure we should actually call it.
     if l_info.continue_prompt and not ip.multi_line_specials:
         return None
 
     head = l_info.iFun.split('.',1)[0]
     if isShadowed(head,ip):
         return None
 
     return ip.handle_magic
 
         
 def checkAlias(l_info,ip):
     "Check if the initital identifier on the line is an alias."
     # Note: aliases can not contain '.'
     head = l_info.iFun.split('.',1)[0]
     
-    if l_info.iFun not in ip.alias_table \
-           or head not in ip.alias_table \
+    if l_info.iFun not in ip.alias_manager \
+           or head not in ip.alias_manager \
            or isShadowed(head,ip): 
         return None
 
     return ip.handle_alias
 
 
 def checkPythonOps(l_info,ip):
     """If the 'rest' of the line begins with a function call or pretty much
     any python operator, we should simply execute the line (regardless of
     whether or not there's a possible autocall expansion).  This avoids
     spurious (and very confusing) geattr() accesses."""
     if l_info.theRest and l_info.theRest[0] in '!=()<>,+*/%^&|':
         return ip.handle_normal
     else:
         return None
 
 
 def checkAutocall(l_info,ip):
     "Check if the initial word/function is callable and autocall is on."
     if not ip.autocall:
         return None
 
     oinfo = l_info.ofind(ip) # This can mutate state via getattr
     if not oinfo['found']:
         return None
         
     if callable(oinfo['obj']) \
            and (not re_exclude_auto.match(l_info.theRest)) \
            and re_fun_name.match(l_info.iFun):
         #print 'going auto'  # dbg
         return ip.handle_auto
     else:
         #print 'was callable?', callable(l_info.oinfo['obj'])  # dbg
         return None
     
 # RegExp to identify potential function names
 re_fun_name = re.compile(r'[a-zA-Z_]([a-zA-Z0-9_.]*) *$')
 
 # RegExp to exclude strings with this start from autocalling.  In
 # particular, all binary operators should be excluded, so that if foo is
 # callable, foo OP bar doesn't become foo(OP bar), which is invalid.  The
 # characters '!=()' don't need to be checked for, as the checkPythonChars
 # routine explicitely does so, to catch direct calls and rebindings of
 # existing names.
 
 # Warning: the '-' HAS TO BE AT THE END of the first group, otherwise
 # it affects the rest of the group in square brackets.
 re_exclude_auto = re.compile(r'^[,&^\|\*/\+-]'
                              r'|^is |^not |^in |^and |^or ')
 
 # try to catch also methods for stuff in lists/tuples/dicts: off
 # (experimental). For this to work, the line_split regexp would need
 # to be modified so it wouldn't break things at '['. That line is
 # nasty enough that I shouldn't change it until I can test it _well_.
 #self.re_fun_name = re.compile (r'[a-zA-Z_]([a-zA-Z0-9_.\[\]]*) ?$')
 
 # Handler Check Utilities
 def isShadowed(identifier,ip):
     """Is the given identifier defined in one of the namespaces which shadow
     the alias and magic namespaces?  Note that an identifier is different
     than iFun, because it can not contain a '.' character."""
     # This is much safer than calling ofind, which can change state
     return (identifier in ip.user_ns \
             or identifier in ip.internal_ns \
             or identifier in ip.ns_table['builtin'])
 

IPython/utils/growl.py

@@ -1,49 +1,49 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 
 
 class IPythonGrowlError(Exception):
     pass
 
 class Notifier(object):
 
     def __init__(self, app_name):
         try:
             import Growl
         except ImportError:
             self.g_notifier = None
         else:
             self.g_notifier =  Growl.GrowlNotifier(app_name, ['kernel', 'core'])
             self.g_notifier.register()
 
     def _notify(self, title, msg):
         if self.g_notifier is not None:
-            self.g_notifier.notify('kernel', title, msg)        
+            self.g_notifier.notify('core', title, msg)        
 
     def notify(self, title, msg):
         self._notify(title, msg)
 
     def notify_deferred(self, r, msg):
         title = "Deferred Result"
         msg = msg + '\n' + repr(r)
         self._notify(title, msg)
         return r
 
 _notifier = None
 
 def notify(title, msg):
     pass
 
 def notify_deferred(r, msg):
     return r
 
 def start(app_name):
     global _notifier, notify, notify_deferred
     if _notifier is not None:
         raise IPythonGrowlError("this process is already registered with Growl")
     else:
         _notifier = Notifier(app_name)
         notify = _notifier.notify
         notify_deferred = _notifier.notify_deferred