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=====================
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Development version
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=====================
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This document describes in-flight development work.
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.. warning::
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Please do not edit this file by hand (doing so will likely cause merge
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conflicts for other Pull Requests). Instead, create a new file in the
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`docs/source/whatsnew/pr` folder
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Using different kernels
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-----------------------
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.. image:: ../_images/kernel_selector_screenshot.png
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:alt: Screenshot of notebook kernel selection dropdown menu
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:align: center
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You can now choose a kernel for a notebook within the user interface, rather
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than starting up a separate notebook server for each kernel you want to use. The
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syntax highlighting adapts to match the language you're working in.
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Information about the kernel is stored in the notebook file, so when you open a
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notebook, it will automatically start the correct kernel.
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It is also easier to use the Qt console and the terminal console with other
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kernels, using the --kernel flag::
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ipython qtconsole --kernel bash
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ipython console --kernel bash
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# To list available kernels
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ipython kernelspec list
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Kernel authors should see :ref:`kernelspecs` for how to register their kernels
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with IPython so that these mechanisms work.
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Typing unicode identifiers
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--------------------------
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.. image:: /_images/unicode_completion.png
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Complex expressions can be much cleaner when written with a wider choice of
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characters. Python 3 allows unicode identifiers, and IPython 3 makes it easier
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to type those, using a feature from Julia. Type a backslash followed by a LaTeX
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style short name, such as ``\alpha``. Press tab, and it will turn into α.
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Other new features
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------------------
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* :class:`~.TextWidget` and :class:`~.TextareaWidget` objects now include a
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``placeholder`` attribute, for displaying placeholder text before the
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user has typed anything.
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* The :magic:`load` magic can now find the source for objects in the user namespace.
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To enable searching the namespace, use the ``-n`` option.
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.. sourcecode:: ipython
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In [1]: %load -n my_module.some_function
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* :class:`~.DirectView` objects have a new :meth:`~.DirectView.use_cloudpickle`
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method, which works like ``view.use_dill()``, but causes the ``cloudpickle``
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module from PiCloud's `cloud`__ library to be used rather than dill or the
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builtin pickle module.
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__ https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cloud
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* Added a .ipynb exporter to nbconvert. It can be used by passing `--to notebook`
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as a commandline argument to nbconvert.
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* New nbconvert preprocessor called :class:`~.ClearOutputPreprocessor`. This
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clears the output from IPython notebooks.
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* New preprocessor for nbconvert that executes all the code cells in a notebook.
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To run a notebook and save its output in a new notebook::
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ipython nbconvert InputNotebook --ExecutePreprocessor.enabled=True --to notebook --output Executed
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* Consecutive stream (stdout/stderr) output is merged into a single output
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in the notebook document.
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Previously, all output messages were preserved as separate output fields in the JSON.
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Now, the same merge is applied to the stored output as the displayed output,
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improving document load time for notebooks with many small outputs.
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* ``NotebookApp.webapp_settings`` is deprecated and replaced with
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the more informatively named ``NotebookApp.tornado_settings``.
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* Using :magic:`timeit` prints warnings if there is atleast a 4x difference in timings
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between the slowest and fastest runs, since this might meant that the multiple
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runs are not independent of one another.
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* It's now possible to provide mechanisms to integrate IPython with other event
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loops, in addition to the ones we already support. This lets you run GUI code
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in IPython with an interactive prompt, and to embed the IPython
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kernel in GUI applications. See :doc:`/config/eventloops` for details. As part
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of this, the direct ``enable_*`` and ``disable_*`` functions for various GUIs
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in :mod:`IPython.lib.inputhook` have been deprecated in favour of
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:meth:`~.InputHookManager.enable_gui` and :meth:`~.InputHookManager.disable_gui`.
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* A ``ScrollManager`` was added to the notebook. The ``ScrollManager`` controls how the notebook document is scrolled using keyboard. Users can inherit from the ``ScrollManager`` or ``TargetScrollManager`` to customize how their notebook scrolls. The default ``ScrollManager`` is the ``SlideScrollManager``, which tries to scroll to the nearest slide or sub-slide cell.
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* The function :func:`~IPython.html.widgets.interaction.interact_manual` has been
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added which behaves similarly to :func:`~IPython.html.widgets.interaction.interact`,
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but adds a button to explicitly run the interacted-with function, rather than
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doing it automatically for every change of the parameter widgets. This should
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be useful for long-running functions.
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* The ``%cython`` magic is now part of the Cython module. Use `%load_ext Cython` with a version of Cython >= 0.21 to have access to the magic now.
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* The Notebook application now offers integrated terminals on Unix platforms,
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intended for when it is used on a remote server. To enable these, install
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the ``terminado`` Python package.
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* Setting the default highlighting language for nbconvert with the config option
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``NbConvertBase.default_language`` is deprecated. Nbconvert now respects
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metadata stored in the :ref:`kernel spec <kernelspecs>`.
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* IPython can now be configured systemwide, with files in :file:`/etc/ipython`
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or :file:`/usr/local/etc/ipython` on Unix systems,
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or :file:`{%PROGRAMDATA%}\\ipython` on Windows.
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* Added support for configurable user-supplied `Jinja
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<http://jinja.pocoo.org/>`_ HTML templates for the notebook. Paths to
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directories containing template files can be specified via
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``NotebookApp.extra_template_paths``. User-supplied template directories
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searched first by the notebook, making it possible to replace existing
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templates with your own files.
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For example, to replace the notebook's built-in ``error.html`` with your own,
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create a directory like ``/home/my_templates`` and put your override template
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at ``/home/my_templates/error.html``. To start the notebook with your custom
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error page enabled, you would run::
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ipython notebook '--extra_template_paths=["/home/my_templates/"]'
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It's also possible to override a template while also `inheriting
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<http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/dev/templates/#template-inheritance>`_ from that
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template, by prepending ``templates/`` to the ``{% extends %}`` target of
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your child template. This is useful when you only want to override a
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specific block of a template. For example, to add additional CSS to the
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built-in ``error.html``, you might create an override that looks like::
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{% extends "templates/error.html" %}
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{% block stylesheet %}
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{{super()}}
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<style type="text/css">
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/* My Awesome CSS */
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</style>
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{% endblock %}
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* Added a widget persistence API. This allows you to persist your notebooks interactive widgets.
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Two levels of control are provided:
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1. Higher level- ``WidgetManager.set_state_callbacks`` allows you to register callbacks for loading and saving widget state. The callbacks you register are automatically called when necessary.
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2. Lower level- the ``WidgetManager`` Javascript class now has ``get_state`` and ``set_state`` methods that allow you to get and set the state of the widget runtime.
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Example code for persisting your widget state to session data::
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%%javascript
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require(['widgets/js/manager'], function(manager) {
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manager.WidgetManager.set_state_callbacks(function() { // Load
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return JSON.parse(sessionStorage.widgets_state || '{}');
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}, function(state) { // Save
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sessionStorage.widgets_state = JSON.stringify(state);
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});
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});
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* Enhanced support for :magic:`env` magic. As before, :magic:`env` with no
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arguments displays all environment variables and values. Additionally,
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:magic:`env` can be used to get or set individual environment variables. To
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display an individual value, use the `%env var` syntax. To set a value, use
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`env var val` or `env var=val`. Python value expansion using `$` works as usual.
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.. DO NOT EDIT THIS LINE BEFORE RELEASE. FEATURE INSERTION POINT.
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Backwards incompatible changes
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------------------------------
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* :func:`IPython.core.oinspect.getsource` call specification has changed:
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* `oname` keyword argument has been added for property source formatting
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* `is_binary` keyword argument has been dropped, passing ``True`` had
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previously short-circuited the function to return ``None`` unconditionally
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* Removed the octavemagic extension: it is now available as ``oct2py.ipython``.
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* Creating PDFs with LaTeX no longer uses a post processor.
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Use `nbconvert --to pdf` instead of `nbconvert --to latex --post pdf`.
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* Used https://github.com/jdfreder/bootstrap2to3 to migrate the Notebook to Bootstrap 3.
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Additional changes:
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- Set `.tab-content .row` `0px;` left and right margin (bootstrap default is `-15px;`)
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- Removed `height: @btn_mini_height;` from `.list_header>div, .list_item>div` in `tree.less`
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- Set `#header` div `margin-bottom: 0px;`
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- Set `#menus` to `float: left;`
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- Set `#maintoolbar .navbar-text` to `float: none;`
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- Added no-padding convienence class.
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- Set border of #maintoolbar to 0px
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* Accessing the `container` DOM object when displaying javascript has been
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deprecated in IPython 2.0 in favor of accessing `element`. Starting with
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IPython 3.0 trying to access `container` will raise an error in browser
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javascript console.
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* ``IPython.utils.py3compat.open`` was removed: :func:`io.open` provides all
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the same functionality.
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* The NotebookManager and ``/api/notebooks`` service has been replaced by
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a more generic ContentsManager and ``/api/contents`` service,
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which supports all kinds of files.
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* The Dashboard now lists all files, not just notebooks and directories.
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* The ``--script`` hook for saving notebooks to Python scripts is removed,
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use :samp:`ipython nbconvert --to python {notebook}` instead.
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* The ``rmagic`` extension is deprecated, as it is now part of rpy2. See
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:mod:`rpy2.ipython.rmagic`.
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* :meth:`~.KernelManager.start_kernel` and :meth:`~.KernelManager.format_kernel_cmd`
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no longer accept a ``executable`` parameter. Use the kernelspec machinery instead.
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* The widget classes have been renamed from `*Widget` to `*`. The old names are
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still functional, but are deprecated. i.e. `IntSliderWidget` has been renamed
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to `IntSlider`.
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* The ContainerWidget was renamed to Box and no longer defaults as a flexible
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box in the web browser. A new FlexBox widget was added, which allows you to
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use the flexible box model.
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* The notebook now uses a single websocket at `/kernels/<kernel-id>/channels` instead of separate
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`/kernels/<kernel-id>/{shell|iopub|stdin}` channels. Messages on each channel are identified by a
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`channel` key in the message dict, for both send and recv.
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.. DO NOT EDIT THIS LINE BEFORE RELEASE. INCOMPAT INSERTION POINT.
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Content Security Policy
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```````````````````````
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The Content Security Policy is a web standard for adding a layer of security to
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detect and mitigate certain classes of attacks, including Cross Site Scripting
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(XSS) and data injection attacks. This was introduced into the notebook to
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ensure that the IPython Notebook and its APIs (by default) can only be embedded
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in an iframe on the same origin.
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Override ``headers['Content-Security-Policy']`` within your notebook
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configuration to extend for alternate domains and security settings.::
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c.NotebookApp.tornado_settings = {
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'headers': {
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'Content-Security-Policy': "frame-ancestors 'self'"
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}
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}
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Example policies::
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Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self' https://*.jupyter.org
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Matches embeddings on any subdomain of jupyter.org, so long as they are served
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over SSL.
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There is a `report-uri <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/CSP/CSP_policy_directives#report-uri>`_ endpoint available for logging CSP violations, located at
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``/api/security/csp-report``. To use it, set ``report-uri`` as part of the CSP::
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c.NotebookApp.tornado_settings = {
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'headers': {
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'Content-Security-Policy': "frame-ancestors 'self'; report-uri /api/security/csp-report"
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}
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}
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It simply provides the CSP report as a warning in IPython's logs. The default
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CSP sets this report-uri relative to the ``base_url`` (not shown above).
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For a more thorough and accurate guide on Content Security Policies, check out
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`MDN's Using Content Security Policy <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/CSP/Using_Content_Security_Policy>`_ for more examples.
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