reformat docstring in IPython utils

IPython/utils/_process_common.py

@@ -1,212 +1,210 b''
 """Common utilities for the various process_* implementations.
 
 This file is only meant to be imported by the platform-specific implementations
 of subprocess utilities, and it contains tools that are common to all of them.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2010-2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import subprocess
 import shlex
 import sys
 import os
 
 from IPython.utils import py3compat
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Function definitions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def read_no_interrupt(p):
     """Read from a pipe ignoring EINTR errors.
 
     This is necessary because when reading from pipes with GUI event loops
     running in the background, often interrupts are raised that stop the
     command from completing."""
     import errno
 
     try:
         return p.read()
     except IOError as err:
         if err.errno != errno.EINTR:
             raise
 
 
 def process_handler(cmd, callback, stderr=subprocess.PIPE):
     """Open a command in a shell subprocess and execute a callback.
 
     This function provides common scaffolding for creating subprocess.Popen()
     calls.  It creates a Popen object and then calls the callback with it.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     cmd : str or list
       A command to be executed by the system, using :class:`subprocess.Popen`.
       If a string is passed, it will be run in the system shell. If a list is
       passed, it will be used directly as arguments.
-
     callback : callable
       A one-argument function that will be called with the Popen object.
-
     stderr : file descriptor number, optional
       By default this is set to ``subprocess.PIPE``, but you can also pass the
       value ``subprocess.STDOUT`` to force the subprocess' stderr to go into
       the same file descriptor as its stdout.  This is useful to read stdout
       and stderr combined in the order they are generated.
 
     Returns
     -------
     The return value of the provided callback is returned.
     """
     sys.stdout.flush()
     sys.stderr.flush()
     # On win32, close_fds can't be true when using pipes for stdin/out/err
     close_fds = sys.platform != 'win32'
     # Determine if cmd should be run with system shell.
     shell = isinstance(cmd, str)
     # On POSIX systems run shell commands with user-preferred shell.
     executable = None
     if shell and os.name == 'posix' and 'SHELL' in os.environ:
         executable = os.environ['SHELL']
     p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=shell,
                          executable=executable,
                          stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                          stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                          stderr=stderr,
                          close_fds=close_fds)
 
     try:
         out = callback(p)
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         print('^C')
         sys.stdout.flush()
         sys.stderr.flush()
         out = None
     finally:
         # Make really sure that we don't leave processes behind, in case the
         # call above raises an exception
         # We start by assuming the subprocess finished (to avoid NameErrors
         # later depending on the path taken)
         if p.returncode is None:
             try:
                 p.terminate()
                 p.poll()
             except OSError:
                 pass
         # One last try on our way out
         if p.returncode is None:
             try:
                 p.kill()
             except OSError:
                 pass
 
     return out
 
 
 def getoutput(cmd):
     """Run a command and return its stdout/stderr as a string.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     cmd : str or list
       A command to be executed in the system shell.
 
     Returns
     -------
     output : str
       A string containing the combination of stdout and stderr from the
     subprocess, in whatever order the subprocess originally wrote to its
     file descriptors (so the order of the information in this string is the
     correct order as would be seen if running the command in a terminal).
     """
     out = process_handler(cmd, lambda p: p.communicate()[0], subprocess.STDOUT)
     if out is None:
         return ''
     return py3compat.decode(out)
 
 
 def getoutputerror(cmd):
     """Return (standard output, standard error) of executing cmd in a shell.
 
     Accepts the same arguments as os.system().
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     cmd : str or list
       A command to be executed in the system shell.
 
     Returns
     -------
     stdout : str
     stderr : str
     """
     return get_output_error_code(cmd)[:2]
 
 def get_output_error_code(cmd):
     """Return (standard output, standard error, return code) of executing cmd
     in a shell.
 
     Accepts the same arguments as os.system().
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     cmd : str or list
       A command to be executed in the system shell.
 
     Returns
     -------
     stdout : str
     stderr : str
     returncode: int
     """
 
     out_err, p = process_handler(cmd, lambda p: (p.communicate(), p))
     if out_err is None:
         return '', '', p.returncode
     out, err = out_err
     return py3compat.decode(out), py3compat.decode(err), p.returncode
 
 def arg_split(s, posix=False, strict=True):
     """Split a command line's arguments in a shell-like manner.
 
     This is a modified version of the standard library's shlex.split()
     function, but with a default of posix=False for splitting, so that quotes
     in inputs are respected.
 
     if strict=False, then any errors shlex.split would raise will result in the
     unparsed remainder being the last element of the list, rather than raising.
     This is because we sometimes use arg_split to parse things other than
     command-line args.
     """
 
     lex = shlex.shlex(s, posix=posix)
     lex.whitespace_split = True
     # Extract tokens, ensuring that things like leaving open quotes
     # does not cause this to raise.  This is important, because we
     # sometimes pass Python source through this (e.g. %timeit f(" ")),
     # and it shouldn't raise an exception.
     # It may be a bad idea to parse things that are not command-line args
     # through this function, but we do, so let's be safe about it.
     lex.commenters='' #fix for GH-1269
     tokens = []
     while True:
         try:
             tokens.append(next(lex))
         except StopIteration:
             break
         except ValueError:
             if strict:
                 raise
             # couldn't parse, get remaining blob as last token
             tokens.append(lex.token)
             break
 
     return tokens

IPython/utils/frame.py

@@ -1,94 +1,92 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 Utilities for working with stack frames.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import sys
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def extract_vars(*names,**kw):
     """Extract a set of variables by name from another frame.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     *names : str
         One or more variable names which will be extracted from the caller's
         frame.
-
-    depth : integer, optional
+    **kw : integer, optional
         How many frames in the stack to walk when looking for your variables.
         The default is 0, which will use the frame where the call was made.
 
-
     Examples
     --------
     ::
 
         In [2]: def func(x):
            ...:     y = 1
            ...:     print(sorted(extract_vars('x','y').items()))
            ...:
 
         In [3]: func('hello')
         [('x', 'hello'), ('y', 1)]
     """
 
     depth = kw.get('depth',0)
 
     callerNS = sys._getframe(depth+1).f_locals
     return dict((k,callerNS[k]) for k in names)
 
 
 def extract_vars_above(*names):
     """Extract a set of variables by name from another frame.
 
     Similar to extractVars(), but with a specified depth of 1, so that names
     are extracted exactly from above the caller.
 
     This is simply a convenience function so that the very common case (for us)
     of skipping exactly 1 frame doesn't have to construct a special dict for
     keyword passing."""
 
     callerNS = sys._getframe(2).f_locals
     return dict((k,callerNS[k]) for k in names)
 
 
 def debugx(expr,pre_msg=''):
     """Print the value of an expression from the caller's frame.
 
     Takes an expression, evaluates it in the caller's frame and prints both
     the given expression and the resulting value (as well as a debug mark
     indicating the name of the calling function.  The input must be of a form
     suitable for eval().
 
     An optional message can be passed, which will be prepended to the printed
     expr->value pair."""
 
     cf = sys._getframe(1)
     print('[DBG:%s] %s%s -> %r' % (cf.f_code.co_name,pre_msg,expr,
                                    eval(expr,cf.f_globals,cf.f_locals)))
 
 
 # deactivate it by uncommenting the following line, which makes it a no-op
 #def debugx(expr,pre_msg=''): pass
 
 def extract_module_locals(depth=0):
     """Returns (module, locals) of the function `depth` frames away from the caller"""
     f = sys._getframe(depth + 1)
     global_ns = f.f_globals
     module = sys.modules[global_ns['__name__']]
     return (module, f.f_locals)

IPython/utils/generics.py

@@ -1,30 +1,29 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """Generic functions for extending IPython.
 """
 
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext
 from functools import singledispatch
 
 
 @singledispatch
 def inspect_object(obj):
     """Called when you do obj?"""
     raise TryNext
 
 
 @singledispatch
 def complete_object(obj, prev_completions):
     """Custom completer dispatching for python objects.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     obj : object
         The object to complete.
     prev_completions : list
         List of attributes discovered so far.
-
     This should return the list of attributes in obj. If you only wish to
     add to the attributes already discovered normally, return
     own_attrs + prev_completions.
     """
     raise TryNext

IPython/utils/io.py

@@ -1,249 +1,246 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 IO related utilities.
 """
 
 # Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 
 
 
 import atexit
 import os
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import warnings
 from pathlib import Path
 from warnings import warn
 
 from IPython.utils.decorators import undoc
 from .capture import CapturedIO, capture_output
 
 @undoc
 class IOStream:
 
     def __init__(self, stream, fallback=None):
         warn('IOStream is deprecated since IPython 5.0, use sys.{stdin,stdout,stderr} instead',
              DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         if not hasattr(stream,'write') or not hasattr(stream,'flush'):
             if fallback is not None:
                 stream = fallback
             else:
                 raise ValueError("fallback required, but not specified")
         self.stream = stream
         self._swrite = stream.write
 
         # clone all methods not overridden:
         def clone(meth):
             return not hasattr(self, meth) and not meth.startswith('_')
         for meth in filter(clone, dir(stream)):
             try:
                 val = getattr(stream, meth)
             except AttributeError:
                 pass
             else:
                 setattr(self, meth, val)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         cls = self.__class__
         tpl = '{mod}.{cls}({args})'
         return tpl.format(mod=cls.__module__, cls=cls.__name__, args=self.stream)
 
     def write(self,data):
         warn('IOStream is deprecated since IPython 5.0, use sys.{stdin,stdout,stderr} instead',
              DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         try:
             self._swrite(data)
         except:
             try:
                 # print handles some unicode issues which may trip a plain
                 # write() call.  Emulate write() by using an empty end
                 # argument.
                 print(data, end='', file=self.stream)
             except:
                 # if we get here, something is seriously broken.
                 print('ERROR - failed to write data to stream:', self.stream,
                       file=sys.stderr)
 
     def writelines(self, lines):
         warn('IOStream is deprecated since IPython 5.0, use sys.{stdin,stdout,stderr} instead',
              DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         if isinstance(lines, str):
             lines = [lines]
         for line in lines:
             self.write(line)
 
     # This class used to have a writeln method, but regular files and streams
     # in Python don't have this method. We need to keep this completely
     # compatible so we removed it.
 
     @property
     def closed(self):
         return self.stream.closed
 
     def close(self):
         pass
 
 # setup stdin/stdout/stderr to sys.stdin/sys.stdout/sys.stderr
 devnull = open(os.devnull, 'w')
 atexit.register(devnull.close)
 
 # io.std* are deprecated, but don't show our own deprecation warnings
 # during initialization of the deprecated API.
 with warnings.catch_warnings():
     warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
     stdin = IOStream(sys.stdin, fallback=devnull)
     stdout = IOStream(sys.stdout, fallback=devnull)
     stderr = IOStream(sys.stderr, fallback=devnull)
 
 class Tee(object):
     """A class to duplicate an output stream to stdout/err.
 
     This works in a manner very similar to the Unix 'tee' command.
 
     When the object is closed or deleted, it closes the original file given to
     it for duplication.
     """
     # Inspired by:
     # http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2007-May/442737.html
 
     def __init__(self, file_or_name, mode="w", channel='stdout'):
         """Construct a new Tee object.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         file_or_name : filename or open filehandle (writable)
           File that will be duplicated
-
         mode : optional, valid mode for open().
           If a filename was give, open with this mode.
-
         channel : str, one of ['stdout', 'stderr']
         """
         if channel not in ['stdout', 'stderr']:
             raise ValueError('Invalid channel spec %s' % channel)
 
         if hasattr(file_or_name, 'write') and hasattr(file_or_name, 'seek'):
             self.file = file_or_name
         else:
             self.file = open(file_or_name, mode)
         self.channel = channel
         self.ostream = getattr(sys, channel)
         setattr(sys, channel, self)
         self._closed = False
 
     def close(self):
         """Close the file and restore the channel."""
         self.flush()
         setattr(sys, self.channel, self.ostream)
         self.file.close()
         self._closed = True
 
     def write(self, data):
         """Write data to both channels."""
         self.file.write(data)
         self.ostream.write(data)
         self.ostream.flush()
 
     def flush(self):
         """Flush both channels."""
         self.file.flush()
         self.ostream.flush()
 
     def __del__(self):
         if not self._closed:
             self.close()
 
 
 def ask_yes_no(prompt, default=None, interrupt=None):
     """Asks a question and returns a boolean (y/n) answer.
 
     If default is given (one of 'y','n'), it is used if the user input is
     empty. If interrupt is given (one of 'y','n'), it is used if the user
     presses Ctrl-C. Otherwise the question is repeated until an answer is
     given.
 
     An EOF is treated as the default answer.  If there is no default, an
     exception is raised to prevent infinite loops.
 
     Valid answers are: y/yes/n/no (match is not case sensitive)."""
 
     answers = {'y':True,'n':False,'yes':True,'no':False}
     ans = None
     while ans not in answers.keys():
         try:
             ans = input(prompt+' ').lower()
             if not ans:  # response was an empty string
                 ans = default
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             if interrupt:
                 ans = interrupt
             print("\r")
         except EOFError:
             if default in answers.keys():
                 ans = default
                 print()
             else:
                 raise
 
     return answers[ans]
 
 
 def temp_pyfile(src, ext='.py'):
     """Make a temporary python file, return filename and filehandle.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     src : string or list of strings (no need for ending newlines if list)
       Source code to be written to the file.
-
     ext : optional, string
       Extension for the generated file.
 
     Returns
     -------
     (filename, open filehandle)
       It is the caller's responsibility to close the open file and unlink it.
     """
     fname = tempfile.mkstemp(ext)[1]
     with open(Path(fname), "w") as f:
         f.write(src)
         f.flush()
     return fname
 
 @undoc
 def atomic_writing(*args, **kwargs):
     """DEPRECATED: moved to notebook.services.contents.fileio"""
     warn("IPython.utils.io.atomic_writing has moved to notebook.services.contents.fileio since IPython 4.0", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
     from notebook.services.contents.fileio import atomic_writing
     return atomic_writing(*args, **kwargs)
 
 @undoc
 def raw_print(*args, **kw):
     """DEPRECATED: Raw print to sys.__stdout__, otherwise identical interface to print()."""
     warn("IPython.utils.io.raw_print has been deprecated since IPython 7.0", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
     print(*args, sep=kw.get('sep', ' '), end=kw.get('end', '\n'),
           file=sys.__stdout__)
     sys.__stdout__.flush()
 
 @undoc
 def raw_print_err(*args, **kw):
     """DEPRECATED: Raw print to sys.__stderr__, otherwise identical interface to print()."""
     warn("IPython.utils.io.raw_print_err has been deprecated since IPython 7.0", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
     print(*args, sep=kw.get('sep', ' '), end=kw.get('end', '\n'),
           file=sys.__stderr__)
     sys.__stderr__.flush()
 
 # used by IPykernel <- 4.9. Removed during IPython 7-dev period and re-added 
 # Keep for a version or two then should remove
 rprint = raw_print
 rprinte = raw_print_err
 
 @undoc
 def unicode_std_stream(stream='stdout'):
     """DEPRECATED, moved to nbconvert.utils.io"""
     warn("IPython.utils.io.unicode_std_stream has moved to nbconvert.utils.io since IPython 4.0", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
     from nbconvert.utils.io import unicode_std_stream
     return unicode_std_stream(stream)

IPython/utils/ipstruct.py

@@ -1,391 +1,379 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """A dict subclass that supports attribute style access.
 
 Authors:
 
 * Fernando Perez (original)
 * Brian Granger (refactoring to a dict subclass)
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 __all__ = ['Struct']
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class Struct(dict):
     """A dict subclass with attribute style access.
 
     This dict subclass has a a few extra features:
 
     * Attribute style access.
     * Protection of class members (like keys, items) when using attribute
       style access.
     * The ability to restrict assignment to only existing keys.
     * Intelligent merging.
     * Overloaded operators.
     """
     _allownew = True
     def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
         """Initialize with a dictionary, another Struct, or data.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        args : dict, Struct
+        *args : dict, Struct
             Initialize with one dict or Struct
-        kw : dict
+        **kw : dict
             Initialize with key, value pairs.
 
         Examples
         --------
-
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s.a
         10
         >>> s.b
         30
         >>> s2 = Struct(s,c=30)
         >>> sorted(s2.keys())
         ['a', 'b', 'c']
         """
         object.__setattr__(self, '_allownew', True)
         dict.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
 
     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
         """Set an item with check for allownew.
 
         Examples
         --------
-
         >>> s = Struct()
         >>> s['a'] = 10
         >>> s.allow_new_attr(False)
         >>> s['a'] = 10
         >>> s['a']
         10
         >>> try:
         ...     s['b'] = 20
         ... except KeyError:
         ...     print('this is not allowed')
         ...
         this is not allowed
         """
         if not self._allownew and key not in self:
             raise KeyError(
                 "can't create new attribute %s when allow_new_attr(False)" % key)
         dict.__setitem__(self, key, value)
 
     def __setattr__(self, key, value):
         """Set an attr with protection of class members.
 
         This calls :meth:`self.__setitem__` but convert :exc:`KeyError` to
         :exc:`AttributeError`.
 
         Examples
         --------
-
         >>> s = Struct()
         >>> s.a = 10
         >>> s.a
         10
         >>> try:
         ...     s.get = 10
         ... except AttributeError:
         ...     print("you can't set a class member")
         ...
         you can't set a class member
         """
         # If key is an str it might be a class member or instance var
         if isinstance(key, str):
             # I can't simply call hasattr here because it calls getattr, which
             # calls self.__getattr__, which returns True for keys in
             # self._data.  But I only want keys in the class and in
             # self.__dict__
             if key in self.__dict__ or hasattr(Struct, key):
                 raise AttributeError(
                     'attr %s is a protected member of class Struct.' % key
                 )
         try:
             self.__setitem__(key, value)
         except KeyError as e:
             raise AttributeError(e) from e
 
     def __getattr__(self, key):
         """Get an attr by calling :meth:`dict.__getitem__`.
 
         Like :meth:`__setattr__`, this method converts :exc:`KeyError` to
         :exc:`AttributeError`.
 
         Examples
         --------
-
         >>> s = Struct(a=10)
         >>> s.a
         10
         >>> type(s.get)
         <... 'builtin_function_or_method'>
         >>> try:
         ...     s.b
         ... except AttributeError:
         ...     print("I don't have that key")
         ...
         I don't have that key
         """
         try:
             result = self[key]
         except KeyError as e:
             raise AttributeError(key) from e
         else:
             return result
 
     def __iadd__(self, other):
         """s += s2 is a shorthand for s.merge(s2).
 
         Examples
         --------
-
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,c=40)
         >>> s += s2
         >>> sorted(s.keys())
         ['a', 'b', 'c']
         """
         self.merge(other)
         return self
 
     def __add__(self,other):
         """s + s2 -> New Struct made from s.merge(s2).
 
         Examples
         --------
-
         >>> s1 = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,c=40)
         >>> s = s1 + s2
         >>> sorted(s.keys())
         ['a', 'b', 'c']
         """
         sout = self.copy()
         sout.merge(other)
         return sout
 
     def __sub__(self,other):
         """s1 - s2 -> remove keys in s2 from s1.
 
         Examples
         --------
-
         >>> s1 = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=40)
         >>> s = s1 - s2
         >>> s
         {'b': 30}
         """
         sout = self.copy()
         sout -= other
         return sout
 
     def __isub__(self,other):
         """Inplace remove keys from self that are in other.
 
         Examples
         --------
-
         >>> s1 = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=40)
         >>> s1 -= s2
         >>> s1
         {'b': 30}
         """
         for k in other.keys():
             if k in self:
                 del self[k]
         return self
 
     def __dict_invert(self, data):
         """Helper function for merge.
 
         Takes a dictionary whose values are lists and returns a dict with
         the elements of each list as keys and the original keys as values.
         """
         outdict = {}
         for k,lst in data.items():
             if isinstance(lst, str):
                 lst = lst.split()
             for entry in lst:
                 outdict[entry] = k
         return outdict
 
     def dict(self):
         return self
 
     def copy(self):
         """Return a copy as a Struct.
 
         Examples
         --------
-
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = s.copy()
         >>> type(s2) is Struct
         True
         """
         return Struct(dict.copy(self))
 
     def hasattr(self, key):
         """hasattr function available as a method.
 
         Implemented like has_key.
 
         Examples
         --------
-
         >>> s = Struct(a=10)
         >>> s.hasattr('a')
         True
         >>> s.hasattr('b')
         False
         >>> s.hasattr('get')
         False
         """
         return key in self
 
     def allow_new_attr(self, allow = True):
         """Set whether new attributes can be created in this Struct.
 
         This can be used to catch typos by verifying that the attribute user
         tries to change already exists in this Struct.
         """
         object.__setattr__(self, '_allownew', allow)
 
     def merge(self, __loc_data__=None, __conflict_solve=None, **kw):
         """Merge two Structs with customizable conflict resolution.
 
         This is similar to :meth:`update`, but much more flexible. First, a
         dict is made from data+key=value pairs. When merging this dict with
         the Struct S, the optional dictionary 'conflict' is used to decide
         what to do.
 
         If conflict is not given, the default behavior is to preserve any keys
         with their current value (the opposite of the :meth:`update` method's
         behavior).
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        __loc_data : dict, Struct
+        __loc_data__ : dict, Struct
             The data to merge into self
         __conflict_solve : dict
             The conflict policy dict.  The keys are binary functions used to
             resolve the conflict and the values are lists of strings naming
             the keys the conflict resolution function applies to.  Instead of
             a list of strings a space separated string can be used, like
             'a b c'.
-        kw : dict
+        **kw : dict
             Additional key, value pairs to merge in
 
         Notes
         -----
-
         The `__conflict_solve` dict is a dictionary of binary functions which will be used to
         solve key conflicts.  Here is an example::
 
             __conflict_solve = dict(
                 func1=['a','b','c'],
                 func2=['d','e']
             )
 
         In this case, the function :func:`func1` will be used to resolve
         keys 'a', 'b' and 'c' and the function :func:`func2` will be used for
         keys 'd' and 'e'.  This could also be written as::
 
             __conflict_solve = dict(func1='a b c',func2='d e')
 
         These functions will be called for each key they apply to with the
         form::
 
             func1(self['a'], other['a'])
 
         The return value is used as the final merged value.
 
         As a convenience, merge() provides five (the most commonly needed)
         pre-defined policies: preserve, update, add, add_flip and add_s. The
         easiest explanation is their implementation::
 
             preserve = lambda old,new: old
             update   = lambda old,new: new
             add      = lambda old,new: old + new
             add_flip = lambda old,new: new + old  # note change of order!
             add_s    = lambda old,new: old + ' ' + new  # only for str!
 
         You can use those four words (as strings) as keys instead
         of defining them as functions, and the merge method will substitute
         the appropriate functions for you.
 
         For more complicated conflict resolution policies, you still need to
         construct your own functions.
 
         Examples
         --------
-
         This show the default policy:
 
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,c=40)
         >>> s.merge(s2)
         >>> sorted(s.items())
         [('a', 10), ('b', 30), ('c', 40)]
 
         Now, show how to specify a conflict dict:
 
         >>> s = Struct(a=10,b=30)
         >>> s2 = Struct(a=20,b=40)
         >>> conflict = {'update':'a','add':'b'}
         >>> s.merge(s2,conflict)
         >>> sorted(s.items())
         [('a', 20), ('b', 70)]
         """
 
         data_dict = dict(__loc_data__,**kw)
 
         # policies for conflict resolution: two argument functions which return
         # the value that will go in the new struct
         preserve = lambda old,new: old
         update   = lambda old,new: new
         add      = lambda old,new: old + new
         add_flip = lambda old,new: new + old  # note change of order!
         add_s    = lambda old,new: old + ' ' + new
 
         # default policy is to keep current keys when there's a conflict
         conflict_solve = dict.fromkeys(self, preserve)
 
         # the conflict_solve dictionary is given by the user 'inverted': we
         # need a name-function mapping, it comes as a function -> names
         # dict. Make a local copy (b/c we'll make changes), replace user
         # strings for the three builtin policies and invert it.
         if __conflict_solve:
             inv_conflict_solve_user = __conflict_solve.copy()
             for name, func in [('preserve',preserve), ('update',update),
                                ('add',add), ('add_flip',add_flip),
                                ('add_s',add_s)]:
                 if name in inv_conflict_solve_user.keys():
                     inv_conflict_solve_user[func] = inv_conflict_solve_user[name]
                     del inv_conflict_solve_user[name]
             conflict_solve.update(self.__dict_invert(inv_conflict_solve_user))
         for key in data_dict:
             if key not in self:
                 self[key] = data_dict[key]
             else:
                 self[key] = conflict_solve[key](self[key],data_dict[key])
 

IPython/utils/path.py

@@ -1,436 +1,440 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 Utilities for path handling.
 """
 
 # Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 
 import os
 import sys
 import errno
 import shutil
 import random
 import glob
 from warnings import warn
 
 from IPython.utils.process import system
 from IPython.utils.decorators import undoc
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 fs_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
 
 def _writable_dir(path):
     """Whether `path` is a directory, to which the user has write access."""
     return os.path.isdir(path) and os.access(path, os.W_OK)
 
 if sys.platform == 'win32':
     def _get_long_path_name(path):
         """Get a long path name (expand ~) on Windows using ctypes.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         >>> get_long_path_name('c:\\docume~1')
         'c:\\\\Documents and Settings'
 
         """
         try:
             import ctypes
         except ImportError as e: 
             raise ImportError('you need to have ctypes installed for this to work') from e
         _GetLongPathName = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetLongPathNameW
         _GetLongPathName.argtypes = [ctypes.c_wchar_p, ctypes.c_wchar_p,
             ctypes.c_uint ]
 
         buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(260)
         rv = _GetLongPathName(path, buf, 260)
         if rv == 0 or rv > 260:
             return path
         else:
             return buf.value
 else:
     def _get_long_path_name(path):
         """Dummy no-op."""
         return path
 
 
 
 def get_long_path_name(path):
     """Expand a path into its long form.
 
     On Windows this expands any ~ in the paths. On other platforms, it is
     a null operation.
     """
     return _get_long_path_name(path)
 
 
 def unquote_filename(name, win32=(sys.platform=='win32')):
     """ On Windows, remove leading and trailing quotes from filenames.
 
     This function has been deprecated and should not be used any more:
     unquoting is now taken care of by :func:`IPython.utils.process.arg_split`.
     """
     warn("'unquote_filename' is deprecated since IPython 5.0 and should not "
          "be used anymore", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
     if win32:
         if name.startswith(("'", '"')) and name.endswith(("'", '"')):
             name = name[1:-1]
     return name
 
 
 def compress_user(path):
     """Reverse of :func:`os.path.expanduser`
     """
     home = os.path.expanduser('~')
     if path.startswith(home):
         path =  "~" + path[len(home):]
     return path
 
 def get_py_filename(name, force_win32=None):
     """Return a valid python filename in the current directory.
 
     If the given name is not a file, it adds '.py' and searches again.
     Raises IOError with an informative message if the file isn't found.
     """
 
     name = os.path.expanduser(name)
     if force_win32 is not None:
         warn("The 'force_win32' argument to 'get_py_filename' is deprecated "
              "since IPython 5.0 and should not be used anymore",
             DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
     if not os.path.isfile(name) and not name.endswith('.py'):
         name += '.py'
     if os.path.isfile(name):
         return name
     else:
         raise IOError('File `%r` not found.' % name)
 
 
-def filefind(filename, path_dirs=None):
+def filefind(filename: str, path_dirs=None) -> str:
     """Find a file by looking through a sequence of paths.
 
     This iterates through a sequence of paths looking for a file and returns
     the full, absolute path of the first occurrence of the file.  If no set of
     path dirs is given, the filename is tested as is, after running through
     :func:`expandvars` and :func:`expanduser`.  Thus a simple call::
 
         filefind('myfile.txt')
 
     will find the file in the current working dir, but::
 
         filefind('~/myfile.txt')
 
     Will find the file in the users home directory.  This function does not
     automatically try any paths, such as the cwd or the user's home directory.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     filename : str
         The filename to look for.
     path_dirs : str, None or sequence of str
         The sequence of paths to look for the file in.  If None, the filename
         need to be absolute or be in the cwd.  If a string, the string is
         put into a sequence and the searched.  If a sequence, walk through
         each element and join with ``filename``, calling :func:`expandvars`
         and :func:`expanduser` before testing for existence.
 
     Returns
     -------
-    Raises :exc:`IOError` or returns absolute path to file.
+    path : str
+        returns absolute path to file.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    IOError
     """
 
     # If paths are quoted, abspath gets confused, strip them...
     filename = filename.strip('"').strip("'")
     # If the input is an absolute path, just check it exists
     if os.path.isabs(filename) and os.path.isfile(filename):
         return filename
 
     if path_dirs is None:
         path_dirs = ("",)
     elif isinstance(path_dirs, str):
         path_dirs = (path_dirs,)
 
     for path in path_dirs:
         if path == '.': path = os.getcwd()
         testname = expand_path(os.path.join(path, filename))
         if os.path.isfile(testname):
             return os.path.abspath(testname)
 
     raise IOError("File %r does not exist in any of the search paths: %r" %
                   (filename, path_dirs) )
 
 
 class HomeDirError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 def get_home_dir(require_writable=False) -> str:
     """Return the 'home' directory, as a unicode string.
 
     Uses os.path.expanduser('~'), and checks for writability.
 
     See stdlib docs for how this is determined.
     For Python <3.8, $HOME is first priority on *ALL* platforms.
     For Python >=3.8 on Windows, %HOME% is no longer considered.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-
     require_writable : bool [default: False]
         if True:
             guarantees the return value is a writable directory, otherwise
             raises HomeDirError
         if False:
             The path is resolved, but it is not guaranteed to exist or be writable.
     """
 
     homedir = os.path.expanduser('~')
     # Next line will make things work even when /home/ is a symlink to
     # /usr/home as it is on FreeBSD, for example
     homedir = os.path.realpath(homedir)
 
     if not _writable_dir(homedir) and os.name == 'nt':
         # expanduser failed, use the registry to get the 'My Documents' folder.
         try:
             import winreg as wreg
             with wreg.OpenKey(
                 wreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
                 r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders"
             ) as key:
                 homedir = wreg.QueryValueEx(key,'Personal')[0]
         except:
             pass
 
     if (not require_writable) or _writable_dir(homedir):
         assert isinstance(homedir, str), "Homedir shoudl be unicode not bytes"
         return homedir
     else:
         raise HomeDirError('%s is not a writable dir, '
                 'set $HOME environment variable to override' % homedir)
 
 def get_xdg_dir():
     """Return the XDG_CONFIG_HOME, if it is defined and exists, else None.
 
     This is only for non-OS X posix (Linux,Unix,etc.) systems.
     """
 
     env = os.environ
 
     if os.name == 'posix' and sys.platform != 'darwin':
         # Linux, Unix, AIX, etc.
         # use ~/.config if empty OR not set
         xdg = env.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", None) or os.path.join(get_home_dir(), '.config')
         if xdg and _writable_dir(xdg):
             assert isinstance(xdg, str)
             return xdg
 
     return None
 
 
 def get_xdg_cache_dir():
     """Return the XDG_CACHE_HOME, if it is defined and exists, else None.
 
     This is only for non-OS X posix (Linux,Unix,etc.) systems.
     """
 
     env = os.environ
 
     if os.name == 'posix' and sys.platform != 'darwin':
         # Linux, Unix, AIX, etc.
         # use ~/.cache if empty OR not set
         xdg = env.get("XDG_CACHE_HOME", None) or os.path.join(get_home_dir(), '.cache')
         if xdg and _writable_dir(xdg):
             assert isinstance(xdg, str)
             return xdg
 
     return None
 
 
 @undoc
 def get_ipython_dir():
     warn("get_ipython_dir has moved to the IPython.paths module since IPython 4.0.", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
     from IPython.paths import get_ipython_dir
     return get_ipython_dir()
 
 @undoc
 def get_ipython_cache_dir():
     warn("get_ipython_cache_dir has moved to the IPython.paths module since IPython 4.0.", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
     from IPython.paths import get_ipython_cache_dir
     return get_ipython_cache_dir()
 
 @undoc
 def get_ipython_package_dir():
     warn("get_ipython_package_dir has moved to the IPython.paths module since IPython 4.0.", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
     from IPython.paths import get_ipython_package_dir
     return get_ipython_package_dir()
 
 @undoc
 def get_ipython_module_path(module_str):
     warn("get_ipython_module_path has moved to the IPython.paths module since IPython 4.0.", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
     from IPython.paths import get_ipython_module_path
     return get_ipython_module_path(module_str)
 
 @undoc
 def locate_profile(profile='default'):
     warn("locate_profile has moved to the IPython.paths module since IPython 4.0.", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
     from IPython.paths import locate_profile
     return locate_profile(profile=profile)
 
 def expand_path(s):
     """Expand $VARS and ~names in a string, like a shell
 
     :Examples:
 
        In [2]: os.environ['FOO']='test'
 
        In [3]: expand_path('variable FOO is $FOO')
        Out[3]: 'variable FOO is test'
     """
     # This is a pretty subtle hack. When expand user is given a UNC path
     # on Windows (\\server\share$\%username%), os.path.expandvars, removes
     # the $ to get (\\server\share\%username%). I think it considered $
     # alone an empty var. But, we need the $ to remains there (it indicates
     # a hidden share).
     if os.name=='nt':
         s = s.replace('$\\', 'IPYTHON_TEMP')
     s = os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(s))
     if os.name=='nt':
         s = s.replace('IPYTHON_TEMP', '$\\')
     return s
 
 
 def unescape_glob(string):
     """Unescape glob pattern in `string`."""
     def unescape(s):
         for pattern in '*[]!?':
             s = s.replace(r'\{0}'.format(pattern), pattern)
         return s
     return '\\'.join(map(unescape, string.split('\\\\')))
 
 
 def shellglob(args):
     """
     Do glob expansion for each element in `args` and return a flattened list.
 
     Unmatched glob pattern will remain as-is in the returned list.
 
     """
     expanded = []
     # Do not unescape backslash in Windows as it is interpreted as
     # path separator:
     unescape = unescape_glob if sys.platform != 'win32' else lambda x: x
     for a in args:
         expanded.extend(glob.glob(a) or [unescape(a)])
     return expanded
 
 
 def target_outdated(target,deps):
     """Determine whether a target is out of date.
 
     target_outdated(target,deps) -> 1/0
 
     deps: list of filenames which MUST exist.
     target: single filename which may or may not exist.
 
     If target doesn't exist or is older than any file listed in deps, return
     true, otherwise return false.
     """
     try:
         target_time = os.path.getmtime(target)
     except os.error:
         return 1
     for dep in deps:
         dep_time = os.path.getmtime(dep)
         if dep_time > target_time:
             #print "For target",target,"Dep failed:",dep # dbg
             #print "times (dep,tar):",dep_time,target_time # dbg
             return 1
     return 0
 
 
 def target_update(target,deps,cmd):
     """Update a target with a given command given a list of dependencies.
 
     target_update(target,deps,cmd) -> runs cmd if target is outdated.
 
     This is just a wrapper around target_outdated() which calls the given
     command if target is outdated."""
 
     if target_outdated(target,deps):
         system(cmd)
 
 
 ENOLINK = 1998
 
 def link(src, dst):
     """Hard links ``src`` to ``dst``, returning 0 or errno.
 
     Note that the special errno ``ENOLINK`` will be returned if ``os.link`` isn't
     supported by the operating system.
     """
 
     if not hasattr(os, "link"):
         return ENOLINK
     link_errno = 0
     try:
         os.link(src, dst)
     except OSError as e:
         link_errno = e.errno
     return link_errno
 
 
 def link_or_copy(src, dst):
     """Attempts to hardlink ``src`` to ``dst``, copying if the link fails.
 
     Attempts to maintain the semantics of ``shutil.copy``.
 
     Because ``os.link`` does not overwrite files, a unique temporary file
     will be used if the target already exists, then that file will be moved
     into place.
     """
 
     if os.path.isdir(dst):
         dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
 
     link_errno = link(src, dst)
     if link_errno == errno.EEXIST:
         if os.stat(src).st_ino == os.stat(dst).st_ino:
             # dst is already a hard link to the correct file, so we don't need
             # to do anything else. If we try to link and rename the file
             # anyway, we get duplicate files - see http://bugs.python.org/issue21876
             return
 
         new_dst = dst + "-temp-%04X" %(random.randint(1, 16**4), )
         try:
             link_or_copy(src, new_dst)
         except:
             try:
                 os.remove(new_dst)
             except OSError:
                 pass
             raise
         os.rename(new_dst, dst)
     elif link_errno != 0:
         # Either link isn't supported, or the filesystem doesn't support
         # linking, or 'src' and 'dst' are on different filesystems.
         shutil.copy(src, dst)
 
 def ensure_dir_exists(path, mode=0o755):
     """ensure that a directory exists
 
     If it doesn't exist, try to create it and protect against a race condition
     if another process is doing the same.
 
     The default permissions are 755, which differ from os.makedirs default of 777.
     """
     if not os.path.exists(path):
         try:
             os.makedirs(path, mode=mode)
         except OSError as e:
             if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
                 raise
     elif not os.path.isdir(path):
         raise IOError("%r exists but is not a directory" % path)

IPython/utils/text.py

@@ -1,771 +1,761 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 Utilities for working with strings and text.
 
 Inheritance diagram:
 
 .. inheritance-diagram:: IPython.utils.text
    :parts: 3
 """
 
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 import textwrap
 from string import Formatter
 from pathlib import Path
 
 
 # datetime.strftime date format for ipython
 if sys.platform == 'win32':
     date_format = "%B %d, %Y"
 else:
     date_format = "%B %-d, %Y"
 
 class LSString(str):
     """String derivative with a special access attributes.
 
     These are normal strings, but with the special attributes:
 
         .l (or .list) : value as list (split on newlines).
         .n (or .nlstr): original value (the string itself).
         .s (or .spstr): value as whitespace-separated string.
         .p (or .paths): list of path objects (requires path.py package)
 
     Any values which require transformations are computed only once and
     cached.
 
     Such strings are very useful to efficiently interact with the shell, which
     typically only understands whitespace-separated options for commands."""
 
     def get_list(self):
         try:
             return self.__list
         except AttributeError:
             self.__list = self.split('\n')
             return self.__list
 
     l = list = property(get_list)
 
     def get_spstr(self):
         try:
             return self.__spstr
         except AttributeError:
             self.__spstr = self.replace('\n',' ')
             return self.__spstr
 
     s = spstr = property(get_spstr)
 
     def get_nlstr(self):
         return self
 
     n = nlstr = property(get_nlstr)
 
     def get_paths(self):
         try:
             return self.__paths
         except AttributeError:
             self.__paths = [Path(p) for p in self.split('\n') if os.path.exists(p)]
             return self.__paths
 
     p = paths = property(get_paths)
 
 # FIXME: We need to reimplement type specific displayhook and then add this
 # back as a custom printer. This should also be moved outside utils into the
 # core.
 
 # def print_lsstring(arg):
 #     """ Prettier (non-repr-like) and more informative printer for LSString """
 #     print "LSString (.p, .n, .l, .s available). Value:"
 #     print arg
 #
 #
 # print_lsstring = result_display.register(LSString)(print_lsstring)
 
 
 class SList(list):
     """List derivative with a special access attributes.
 
     These are normal lists, but with the special attributes:
 
     * .l (or .list) : value as list (the list itself).
     * .n (or .nlstr): value as a string, joined on newlines.
     * .s (or .spstr): value as a string, joined on spaces.
     * .p (or .paths): list of path objects (requires path.py package)
 
     Any values which require transformations are computed only once and
     cached."""
 
     def get_list(self):
         return self
 
     l = list = property(get_list)
 
     def get_spstr(self):
         try:
             return self.__spstr
         except AttributeError:
             self.__spstr = ' '.join(self)
             return self.__spstr
 
     s = spstr = property(get_spstr)
 
     def get_nlstr(self):
         try:
             return self.__nlstr
         except AttributeError:
             self.__nlstr = '\n'.join(self)
             return self.__nlstr
 
     n = nlstr = property(get_nlstr)
 
     def get_paths(self):
         try:
             return self.__paths
         except AttributeError:
             self.__paths = [Path(p) for p in self if os.path.exists(p)]
             return self.__paths
 
     p = paths = property(get_paths)
 
     def grep(self, pattern, prune = False, field = None):
         """ Return all strings matching 'pattern' (a regex or callable)
 
         This is case-insensitive. If prune is true, return all items
         NOT matching the pattern.
 
         If field is specified, the match must occur in the specified
         whitespace-separated field.
 
         Examples::
 
             a.grep( lambda x: x.startswith('C') )
             a.grep('Cha.*log', prune=1)
             a.grep('chm', field=-1)
         """
 
         def match_target(s):
             if field is None:
                 return s
             parts = s.split()
             try:
                 tgt = parts[field]
                 return tgt
             except IndexError:
                 return ""
 
         if isinstance(pattern, str):
             pred = lambda x : re.search(pattern, x, re.IGNORECASE)
         else:
             pred = pattern
         if not prune:
             return SList([el for el in self if pred(match_target(el))])
         else:
             return SList([el for el in self if not pred(match_target(el))])
 
     def fields(self, *fields):
         """ Collect whitespace-separated fields from string list
 
         Allows quick awk-like usage of string lists.
 
         Example data (in var a, created by 'a = !ls -l')::
 
             -rwxrwxrwx  1 ville None      18 Dec 14  2006 ChangeLog
             drwxrwxrwx+ 6 ville None       0 Oct 24 18:05 IPython
 
         * ``a.fields(0)`` is ``['-rwxrwxrwx', 'drwxrwxrwx+']``
         * ``a.fields(1,0)`` is ``['1 -rwxrwxrwx', '6 drwxrwxrwx+']``
           (note the joining by space).
         * ``a.fields(-1)`` is ``['ChangeLog', 'IPython']``
 
         IndexErrors are ignored.
 
         Without args, fields() just split()'s the strings.
         """
         if len(fields) == 0:
             return [el.split() for el in self]
 
         res = SList()
         for el in [f.split() for f in self]:
             lineparts = []
 
             for fd in fields:
                 try:
                     lineparts.append(el[fd])
                 except IndexError:
                     pass
             if lineparts:
                 res.append(" ".join(lineparts))
 
         return res
 
     def sort(self,field= None,  nums = False):
         """ sort by specified fields (see fields())
 
         Example::
 
             a.sort(1, nums = True)
 
         Sorts a by second field, in numerical order (so that 21 > 3)
 
         """
 
         #decorate, sort, undecorate
         if field is not None:
             dsu = [[SList([line]).fields(field),  line] for line in self]
         else:
             dsu = [[line,  line] for line in self]
         if nums:
             for i in range(len(dsu)):
                 numstr = "".join([ch for ch in dsu[i][0] if ch.isdigit()])
                 try:
                     n = int(numstr)
                 except ValueError:
                     n = 0
                 dsu[i][0] = n
 
 
         dsu.sort()
         return SList([t[1] for t in dsu])
 
 
 # FIXME: We need to reimplement type specific displayhook and then add this
 # back as a custom printer. This should also be moved outside utils into the
 # core.
 
 # def print_slist(arg):
 #     """ Prettier (non-repr-like) and more informative printer for SList """
 #     print "SList (.p, .n, .l, .s, .grep(), .fields(), sort() available):"
 #     if hasattr(arg,  'hideonce') and arg.hideonce:
 #         arg.hideonce = False
 #         return
 #
 #     nlprint(arg)   # This was a nested list printer, now removed.
 #
 # print_slist = result_display.register(SList)(print_slist)
 
 
 def indent(instr,nspaces=4, ntabs=0, flatten=False):
     """Indent a string a given number of spaces or tabstops.
 
     indent(str,nspaces=4,ntabs=0) -> indent str by ntabs+nspaces.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-
     instr : basestring
         The string to be indented.
     nspaces : int (default: 4)
         The number of spaces to be indented.
     ntabs : int (default: 0)
         The number of tabs to be indented.
     flatten : bool (default: False)
         Whether to scrub existing indentation.  If True, all lines will be
         aligned to the same indentation.  If False, existing indentation will
         be strictly increased.
 
     Returns
     -------
-
     str|unicode : string indented by ntabs and nspaces.
 
     """
     if instr is None:
         return
     ind = '\t'*ntabs+' '*nspaces
     if flatten:
         pat = re.compile(r'^\s*', re.MULTILINE)
     else:
         pat = re.compile(r'^', re.MULTILINE)
     outstr = re.sub(pat, ind, instr)
     if outstr.endswith(os.linesep+ind):
         return outstr[:-len(ind)]
     else:
         return outstr
 
 
 def list_strings(arg):
     """Always return a list of strings, given a string or list of strings
     as input.
 
     Examples
     --------
     ::
 
         In [7]: list_strings('A single string')
         Out[7]: ['A single string']
 
         In [8]: list_strings(['A single string in a list'])
         Out[8]: ['A single string in a list']
 
         In [9]: list_strings(['A','list','of','strings'])
         Out[9]: ['A', 'list', 'of', 'strings']
     """
 
     if isinstance(arg, str):
         return [arg]
     else:
         return arg
 
 
 def marquee(txt='',width=78,mark='*'):
     """Return the input string centered in a 'marquee'.
 
     Examples
     --------
     ::
 
         In [16]: marquee('A test',40)
         Out[16]: '**************** A test ****************'
 
         In [17]: marquee('A test',40,'-')
         Out[17]: '---------------- A test ----------------'
 
         In [18]: marquee('A test',40,' ')
         Out[18]: '                 A test                 '
 
     """
     if not txt:
         return (mark*width)[:width]
     nmark = (width-len(txt)-2)//len(mark)//2
     if nmark < 0: nmark =0
     marks = mark*nmark
     return '%s %s %s' % (marks,txt,marks)
 
 
 ini_spaces_re = re.compile(r'^(\s+)')
 
 def num_ini_spaces(strng):
     """Return the number of initial spaces in a string"""
 
     ini_spaces = ini_spaces_re.match(strng)
     if ini_spaces:
         return ini_spaces.end()
     else:
         return 0
 
 
 def format_screen(strng):
     """Format a string for screen printing.
 
     This removes some latex-type format codes."""
     # Paragraph continue
     par_re = re.compile(r'\\$',re.MULTILINE)
     strng = par_re.sub('',strng)
     return strng
 
 
 def dedent(text):
     """Equivalent of textwrap.dedent that ignores unindented first line.
 
     This means it will still dedent strings like:
     '''foo
     is a bar
     '''
 
     For use in wrap_paragraphs.
     """
 
     if text.startswith('\n'):
         # text starts with blank line, don't ignore the first line
         return textwrap.dedent(text)
 
     # split first line
     splits = text.split('\n',1)
     if len(splits) == 1:
         # only one line
         return textwrap.dedent(text)
 
     first, rest = splits
     # dedent everything but the first line
     rest = textwrap.dedent(rest)
     return '\n'.join([first, rest])
 
 
 def wrap_paragraphs(text, ncols=80):
     """Wrap multiple paragraphs to fit a specified width.
 
     This is equivalent to textwrap.wrap, but with support for multiple
     paragraphs, as separated by empty lines.
 
     Returns
     -------
-
     list of complete paragraphs, wrapped to fill `ncols` columns.
     """
     paragraph_re = re.compile(r'\n(\s*\n)+', re.MULTILINE)
     text = dedent(text).strip()
     paragraphs = paragraph_re.split(text)[::2] # every other entry is space
     out_ps = []
     indent_re = re.compile(r'\n\s+', re.MULTILINE)
     for p in paragraphs:
         # presume indentation that survives dedent is meaningful formatting,
         # so don't fill unless text is flush.
         if indent_re.search(p) is None:
             # wrap paragraph
             p = textwrap.fill(p, ncols)
         out_ps.append(p)
     return out_ps
 
 
 def long_substr(data):
     """Return the longest common substring in a list of strings.
     
     Credit: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2892931/longest-common-substring-from-more-than-two-strings-python
     """
     substr = ''
     if len(data) > 1 and len(data[0]) > 0:
         for i in range(len(data[0])):
             for j in range(len(data[0])-i+1):
                 if j > len(substr) and all(data[0][i:i+j] in x for x in data):
                     substr = data[0][i:i+j]
     elif len(data) == 1:
         substr = data[0]
     return substr
 
 
 def strip_email_quotes(text):
     """Strip leading email quotation characters ('>').
 
     Removes any combination of leading '>' interspersed with whitespace that
     appears *identically* in all lines of the input text.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     text : str
 
     Examples
     --------
 
     Simple uses::
 
         In [2]: strip_email_quotes('> > text')
         Out[2]: 'text'
 
         In [3]: strip_email_quotes('> > text\\n> > more')
         Out[3]: 'text\\nmore'
 
     Note how only the common prefix that appears in all lines is stripped::
 
         In [4]: strip_email_quotes('> > text\\n> > more\\n> more...')
         Out[4]: '> text\\n> more\\nmore...'
 
     So if any line has no quote marks ('>') , then none are stripped from any
     of them ::
     
         In [5]: strip_email_quotes('> > text\\n> > more\\nlast different')
         Out[5]: '> > text\\n> > more\\nlast different'
     """
     lines = text.splitlines()
     matches = set()
     for line in lines:
         prefix = re.match(r'^(\s*>[ >]*)', line)
         if prefix:
             matches.add(prefix.group(1))
         else:
             break
     else:
         prefix = long_substr(list(matches))
         if prefix:
             strip = len(prefix)
             text = '\n'.join([ ln[strip:] for ln in lines])
     return text
 
 def strip_ansi(source):
     """
     Remove ansi escape codes from text.
     
     Parameters
     ----------
     source : str
         Source to remove the ansi from
     """
     return re.sub(r'\033\[(\d|;)+?m', '', source)
 
 
 class EvalFormatter(Formatter):
     """A String Formatter that allows evaluation of simple expressions.
     
     Note that this version interprets a : as specifying a format string (as per
     standard string formatting), so if slicing is required, you must explicitly
     create a slice.
     
     This is to be used in templating cases, such as the parallel batch
     script templates, where simple arithmetic on arguments is useful.
 
     Examples
     --------
     ::
 
         In [1]: f = EvalFormatter()
         In [2]: f.format('{n//4}', n=8)
         Out[2]: '2'
 
         In [3]: f.format("{greeting[slice(2,4)]}", greeting="Hello")
         Out[3]: 'll'
     """
     def get_field(self, name, args, kwargs):
         v = eval(name, kwargs)
         return v, name
 
 #XXX: As of Python 3.4, the format string parsing no longer splits on a colon
 # inside [], so EvalFormatter can handle slicing. Once we only support 3.4 and
 # above, it should be possible to remove FullEvalFormatter.
 
 class FullEvalFormatter(Formatter):
     """A String Formatter that allows evaluation of simple expressions.
     
     Any time a format key is not found in the kwargs,
     it will be tried as an expression in the kwargs namespace.
     
     Note that this version allows slicing using [1:2], so you cannot specify
     a format string. Use :class:`EvalFormatter` to permit format strings.
     
     Examples
     --------
     ::
 
         In [1]: f = FullEvalFormatter()
         In [2]: f.format('{n//4}', n=8)
         Out[2]: '2'
 
         In [3]: f.format('{list(range(5))[2:4]}')
         Out[3]: '[2, 3]'
 
         In [4]: f.format('{3*2}')
         Out[4]: '6'
     """
     # copied from Formatter._vformat with minor changes to allow eval
     # and replace the format_spec code with slicing
     def vformat(self, format_string:str, args, kwargs)->str:
         result = []
         for literal_text, field_name, format_spec, conversion in \
                 self.parse(format_string):
 
             # output the literal text
             if literal_text:
                 result.append(literal_text)
 
             # if there's a field, output it
             if field_name is not None:
                 # this is some markup, find the object and do
                 # the formatting
 
                 if format_spec:
                     # override format spec, to allow slicing:
                     field_name = ':'.join([field_name, format_spec])
 
                 # eval the contents of the field for the object
                 # to be formatted
                 obj = eval(field_name, kwargs)
 
                 # do any conversion on the resulting object
                 obj = self.convert_field(obj, conversion)
 
                 # format the object and append to the result
                 result.append(self.format_field(obj, ''))
 
         return ''.join(result)
 
 
 class DollarFormatter(FullEvalFormatter):
     """Formatter allowing Itpl style $foo replacement, for names and attribute
     access only. Standard {foo} replacement also works, and allows full
     evaluation of its arguments.
 
     Examples
     --------
     ::
 
         In [1]: f = DollarFormatter()
         In [2]: f.format('{n//4}', n=8)
         Out[2]: '2'
 
         In [3]: f.format('23 * 76 is $result', result=23*76)
         Out[3]: '23 * 76 is 1748'
 
         In [4]: f.format('$a or {b}', a=1, b=2)
         Out[4]: '1 or 2'
     """
     _dollar_pattern_ignore_single_quote = re.compile(r"(.*?)\$(\$?[\w\.]+)(?=([^']*'[^']*')*[^']*$)")
     def parse(self, fmt_string):
         for literal_txt, field_name, format_spec, conversion \
                     in Formatter.parse(self, fmt_string):
             
             # Find $foo patterns in the literal text.
             continue_from = 0
             txt = ""
             for m in self._dollar_pattern_ignore_single_quote.finditer(literal_txt):
                 new_txt, new_field = m.group(1,2)
                 # $$foo --> $foo
                 if new_field.startswith("$"):
                     txt += new_txt + new_field
                 else:
                     yield (txt + new_txt, new_field, "", None)
                     txt = ""
                 continue_from = m.end()
             
             # Re-yield the {foo} style pattern
             yield (txt + literal_txt[continue_from:], field_name, format_spec, conversion)
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utils to columnize a list of string
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def _col_chunks(l, max_rows, row_first=False):
     """Yield successive max_rows-sized column chunks from l."""
     if row_first:
         ncols = (len(l) // max_rows) + (len(l) % max_rows > 0)
         for i in range(ncols):
             yield [l[j] for j in range(i, len(l), ncols)]
     else:
         for i in range(0, len(l), max_rows):
             yield l[i:(i + max_rows)]
 
 
 def _find_optimal(rlist, row_first=False, separator_size=2, displaywidth=80):
     """Calculate optimal info to columnize a list of string"""
     for max_rows in range(1, len(rlist) + 1):
         col_widths = list(map(max, _col_chunks(rlist, max_rows, row_first)))
         sumlength = sum(col_widths)
         ncols = len(col_widths)
         if sumlength + separator_size * (ncols - 1) <= displaywidth:
             break
     return {'num_columns': ncols,
             'optimal_separator_width': (displaywidth - sumlength) // (ncols - 1) if (ncols - 1) else 0,
             'max_rows': max_rows,
             'column_widths': col_widths
             }
 
 
 def _get_or_default(mylist, i, default=None):
     """return list item number, or default if don't exist"""
     if i >= len(mylist):
         return default
     else :
         return mylist[i]
 
 
 def compute_item_matrix(items, row_first=False, empty=None, *args, **kwargs) :
     """Returns a nested list, and info to columnize items
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-
     items
         list of strings to columize
     row_first : (default False)
         Whether to compute columns for a row-first matrix instead of
         column-first (default).
     empty : (default None)
         default value to fill list if needed
     separator_size : int (default=2)
         How much characters will be used as a separation between each columns.
     displaywidth : int (default=80)
         The width of the area onto which the columns should enter
 
     Returns
     -------
-
     strings_matrix
-
         nested list of string, the outer most list contains as many list as
         rows, the innermost lists have each as many element as columns. If the
         total number of elements in `items` does not equal the product of
         rows*columns, the last element of some lists are filled with `None`.
-
     dict_info
         some info to make columnize easier:
 
         num_columns
           number of columns
         max_rows
           maximum number of rows (final number may be less)
         column_widths
           list of with of each columns
         optimal_separator_width
           best separator width between columns
 
     Examples
     --------
     ::
 
         In [1]: l = ['aaa','b','cc','d','eeeee','f','g','h','i','j','k','l']
         In [2]: list, info = compute_item_matrix(l, displaywidth=12)
         In [3]: list
         Out[3]: [['aaa', 'f', 'k'], ['b', 'g', 'l'], ['cc', 'h', None], ['d', 'i', None], ['eeeee', 'j', None]]
         In [4]: ideal = {'num_columns': 3, 'column_widths': [5, 1, 1], 'optimal_separator_width': 2, 'max_rows': 5}
         In [5]: all((info[k] == ideal[k] for k in ideal.keys()))
         Out[5]: True
     """
     info = _find_optimal(list(map(len, items)), row_first, *args, **kwargs)
     nrow, ncol = info['max_rows'], info['num_columns']
     if row_first:
         return ([[_get_or_default(items, r * ncol + c, default=empty) for c in range(ncol)] for r in range(nrow)], info)
     else:
         return ([[_get_or_default(items, c * nrow + r, default=empty) for c in range(ncol)] for r in range(nrow)], info)
 
 
 def columnize(items, row_first=False, separator='  ', displaywidth=80, spread=False):
     """ Transform a list of strings into a single string with columns.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     items : sequence of strings
         The strings to process.
-
     row_first : (default False)
         Whether to compute columns for a row-first matrix instead of
         column-first (default).
-
     separator : str, optional [default is two spaces]
         The string that separates columns.
-
     displaywidth : int, optional [default is 80]
         Width of the display in number of characters.
 
     Returns
     -------
     The formatted string.
     """
     if not items:
         return '\n'
     matrix, info = compute_item_matrix(items, row_first=row_first, separator_size=len(separator), displaywidth=displaywidth)
     if spread:
         separator = separator.ljust(int(info['optimal_separator_width']))
     fmatrix = [filter(None, x) for x in matrix]
     sjoin = lambda x : separator.join([ y.ljust(w, ' ') for y, w in zip(x, info['column_widths'])])
     return '\n'.join(map(sjoin, fmatrix))+'\n'
 
 
 def get_text_list(list_, last_sep=' and ', sep=", ", wrap_item_with=""):
     """
     Return a string with a natural enumeration of items
 
     >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
     'a, b, c and d'
     >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b', 'c'], ' or ')
     'a, b or c'
     >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b', 'c'], ', ')
     'a, b, c'
     >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b'], ' or ')
     'a or b'
     >>> get_text_list(['a'])
     'a'
     >>> get_text_list([])
     ''
     >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b'], wrap_item_with="`")
     '`a` and `b`'
     >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], " = ", sep=" + ")
     'a + b + c = d'
     """
     if len(list_) == 0:
         return ''
     if wrap_item_with:
         list_ = ['%s%s%s' % (wrap_item_with, item, wrap_item_with) for
                  item in list_]
     if len(list_) == 1:
         return list_[0]
     return '%s%s%s' % (
         sep.join(i for i in list_[:-1]),
         last_sep, list_[-1])

IPython/utils/tokenutil.py

@@ -1,130 +1,127 b''
 """Token-related utilities"""
 
 # Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 
 from collections import namedtuple
 from io import StringIO
 from keyword import iskeyword
 
 import tokenize
 
 
 Token = namedtuple('Token', ['token', 'text', 'start', 'end', 'line'])
 
 def generate_tokens(readline):
     """wrap generate_tokens to catch EOF errors"""
     try:
         for token in tokenize.generate_tokens(readline):
             yield token
     except tokenize.TokenError:
         # catch EOF error
         return
 
 def line_at_cursor(cell, cursor_pos=0):
     """Return the line in a cell at a given cursor position
     
     Used for calling line-based APIs that don't support multi-line input, yet.
     
     Parameters
     ----------
-    
     cell: str
         multiline block of text
     cursor_pos: integer
         the cursor position
     
     Returns
     -------
-    
     (line, offset): (string, integer)
         The line with the current cursor, and the character offset of the start of the line.
     """
     offset = 0
     lines = cell.splitlines(True)
     for line in lines:
         next_offset = offset + len(line)
         if not line.endswith('\n'):
             # If the last line doesn't have a trailing newline, treat it as if
             # it does so that the cursor at the end of the line still counts
             # as being on that line.
             next_offset += 1
         if next_offset > cursor_pos:
             break
         offset = next_offset
     else:
         line = ""
     return (line, offset)
 
 def token_at_cursor(cell, cursor_pos=0):
     """Get the token at a given cursor
     
     Used for introspection.
     
     Function calls are prioritized, so the token for the callable will be returned
     if the cursor is anywhere inside the call.
     
     Parameters
     ----------
-    
     cell : unicode
         A block of Python code
     cursor_pos : int
         The location of the cursor in the block where the token should be found
     """
     names = []
     tokens = []
     call_names = []
     
     offsets = {1: 0} # lines start at 1
     for tup in generate_tokens(StringIO(cell).readline):
         
         tok = Token(*tup)
         
         # token, text, start, end, line = tup
         start_line, start_col = tok.start
         end_line, end_col = tok.end
         if end_line + 1 not in offsets:
             # keep track of offsets for each line
             lines = tok.line.splitlines(True)
             for lineno, line in enumerate(lines, start_line + 1):
                 if lineno not in offsets:
                     offsets[lineno] = offsets[lineno-1] + len(line)
         
         offset = offsets[start_line]
         # allow '|foo' to find 'foo' at the beginning of a line
         boundary = cursor_pos + 1 if start_col == 0 else cursor_pos
         if offset + start_col >= boundary:
             # current token starts after the cursor,
             # don't consume it
             break
         
         if tok.token == tokenize.NAME and not iskeyword(tok.text):
             if names and tokens and tokens[-1].token == tokenize.OP and tokens[-1].text == '.':
                 names[-1] = "%s.%s" % (names[-1], tok.text)
             else:
                 names.append(tok.text)
         elif tok.token == tokenize.OP:
             if tok.text == '=' and names:
                 # don't inspect the lhs of an assignment
                 names.pop(-1)
             if tok.text == '(' and names:
                 # if we are inside a function call, inspect the function
                 call_names.append(names[-1])
             elif tok.text == ')' and call_names:
                 call_names.pop(-1)
         
         tokens.append(tok)
         
         if offsets[end_line] + end_col > cursor_pos:
             # we found the cursor, stop reading
             break
         
     if call_names:
         return call_names[-1]
     elif names:
         return names[-1]
     else:
         return ''