added docstring about multiple channel support in Audio

IPython/lib/display.py

@@ -1,521 +1,530 b''
 """Various display related classes.
 
 Authors : MinRK, gregcaporaso, dannystaple
 """
 from os.path import exists, isfile, splitext, abspath, join, isdir
 from os import walk, sep
 
 from IPython.core.display import DisplayObject
 
 
 class Audio(DisplayObject):
     """Create an audio object.
 
     When this object is returned by an input cell or passed to the
     display function, it will result in Audio controls being displayed
     in the frontend (only works in the notebook).
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     data : numpy array, list, unicode, str or bytes
-        Can be a
+        Can be one of
+
         * Numpy 1d array containing the desired waveform (mono)
+          * Numpy 2d array containing waveforms for each channel.
+            Shape=(NCHAN, NSAMPLES). For the standard channel order, see
+            http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn653308(v=vs.85).aspx
         * List of float or integer representing the waveform (mono)
         * String containing the filename
         * Bytestring containing raw PCM data or
         * URL pointing to a file on the web.
 
         If the array option is used the waveform will be normalized.
 
         If a filename or url is used the format support will be browser
         dependent.
     url : unicode
         A URL to download the data from.
     filename : unicode
         Path to a local file to load the data from.
     embed : boolean
         Should the image data be embedded using a data URI (True) or should
         the original source be referenced. Set this to True if you want the
         audio to playable later with no internet connection in the notebook.
 
         Default is `True`, unless the keyword argument `url` is set, then
         default value is `False`.
     rate : integer
         The sampling rate of the raw data.
         Only required when data parameter is being used as an array
     autoplay : bool
         Set to True if the audio should immediately start playing.
         Default is `False`.
 
     Examples
     --------
     ::
 
         # Generate a sound
         import numpy as np
         framerate = 44100
         t = np.linspace(0,5,framerate*5)
         data = np.sin(2*np.pi*220*t) + np.sin(2*np.pi*224*t))
         Audio(data,rate=framerate)
 
+        # Can also do stereo or more channels
+        dataleft = np.sin(2*np.pi*220*t)
+        dataright = np.sin(2*np.pi*224*t)
+        Audio([dataleft, dataright],rate=framerate)
+
         Audio("http://www.nch.com.au/acm/8k16bitpcm.wav")  # From URL
         Audio(url="http://www.w3schools.com/html/horse.ogg")
 
         Audio('/path/to/sound.wav')  # From file
         Audio(filename='/path/to/sound.ogg')
 
         Audio(b'RAW_WAV_DATA..)  # From bytes
         Audio(data=b'RAW_WAV_DATA..)
 
     """
     _read_flags = 'rb'
 
     def __init__(self, data=None, filename=None, url=None, embed=None, rate=None, autoplay=False):
         if filename is None and url is None and data is None:
             raise ValueError("No image data found. Expecting filename, url, or data.")
         if embed is False and url is None:
             raise ValueError("No url found. Expecting url when embed=False")
 
         if url is not None and embed is not True:
             self.embed = False
         else:
             self.embed = True
         self.autoplay = autoplay
         super(Audio, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
 
         if self.data is not None and not isinstance(self.data, bytes):
             self.data = self._make_wav(data,rate)
 
     def reload(self):
         """Reload the raw data from file or URL."""
         import mimetypes
         if self.embed:
             super(Audio, self).reload()
 
         if self.filename is not None:
             self.mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(self.filename)[0]
         elif self.url is not None:
             self.mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(self.url)[0]
         else:
             self.mimetype = "audio/wav"
 
     def _make_wav(self, data, rate):
         """ Transform a numpy array to a PCM bytestring """
         import struct
         from io import BytesIO
         import wave
 
         try:
             import numpy as np
 
             data = np.array(data, dtype=float)
             if len(data.shape) == 1:
                 nchan = 1
             elif len(data.shape) == 2:
                 # In wave files,channels are interleaved. E.g.,
                 # "L1R1L2R2..." for stereo. See
                 # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn653308(v=vs.85).aspx
                 # for channel ordering
                 nchan = data.shape[0]
                 data = data.T.ravel()
             else:
                 raise ValueError('Array audio input must be a 1D or 2D array')
             scaled = np.int16(data/np.max(np.abs(data))*32767).tolist()
         except ImportError:
             # check that it is a "1D" list
             idata = iter(data)  # fails if not an iterable
             try:
                 iter(idata.next())
                 raise TypeError('Only lists of mono audio are '
                     'supported if numpy is not installed')
             except TypeError:
                 # this means it's not a nested list, which is what we want
                 pass
             maxabsvalue = float(max([abs(x) for x in data]))
             scaled = [int(x/maxabsvalue*32767) for x in data]
             nchan = 1
 
         fp = BytesIO()
         waveobj = wave.open(fp,mode='wb')
         waveobj.setnchannels(nchan)
         waveobj.setframerate(rate)
         waveobj.setsampwidth(2)
         waveobj.setcomptype('NONE','NONE')
         waveobj.writeframes(b''.join([struct.pack('<h',x) for x in scaled]))
         val = fp.getvalue()
         waveobj.close()
 
         return val
 
     def _data_and_metadata(self):
         """shortcut for returning metadata with url information, if defined"""
         md = {}
         if self.url:
             md['url'] = self.url
         if md:
             return self.data, md
         else:
             return self.data
 
     def _repr_html_(self):
         src = """
                 <audio controls="controls" {autoplay}>
                     <source src="{src}" type="{type}" />
                     Your browser does not support the audio element.
                 </audio>
               """
         return src.format(src=self.src_attr(),type=self.mimetype, autoplay=self.autoplay_attr())
 
     def src_attr(self):
         import base64
         if self.embed and (self.data is not None):
             data = base64=base64.b64encode(self.data).decode('ascii')
             return """data:{type};base64,{base64}""".format(type=self.mimetype,
                                                             base64=data)
         elif self.url is not None:
             return self.url
         else:
             return ""
 
     def autoplay_attr(self):
         if(self.autoplay):
             return 'autoplay="autoplay"'
         else:
             return ''
 
 class IFrame(object):
     """
     Generic class to embed an iframe in an IPython notebook
     """
 
     iframe = """
         <iframe
             width="{width}"
             height={height}"
             src="{src}{params}"
             frameborder="0"
             allowfullscreen
         ></iframe>
         """
 
     def __init__(self, src, width, height, **kwargs):
         self.src = src
         self.width = width
         self.height = height
         self.params = kwargs
 
     def _repr_html_(self):
         """return the embed iframe"""
         if self.params:
             try:
                 from urllib.parse import urlencode # Py 3
             except ImportError:
                 from urllib import urlencode
             params = "?" + urlencode(self.params)
         else:
             params = ""
         return self.iframe.format(src=self.src,
                                   width=self.width,
                                   height=self.height,
                                   params=params)
 
 class YouTubeVideo(IFrame):
     """Class for embedding a YouTube Video in an IPython session, based on its video id.
 
     e.g. to embed the video from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foo , you would
     do::
 
         vid = YouTubeVideo("foo")
         display(vid)
 
     To start from 30 seconds::
 
         vid = YouTubeVideo("abc", start=30)
         display(vid)
 
     To calculate seconds from time as hours, minutes, seconds use
     :class:`datetime.timedelta`::
 
         start=int(timedelta(hours=1, minutes=46, seconds=40).total_seconds())
 
     Other parameters can be provided as documented at
     https://developers.google.com/youtube/player_parameters#parameter-subheader
     """
 
     def __init__(self, id, width=400, height=300, **kwargs):
         src = "https://www.youtube.com/embed/{0}".format(id)
         super(YouTubeVideo, self).__init__(src, width, height, **kwargs)
 
 class VimeoVideo(IFrame):
     """
     Class for embedding a Vimeo video in an IPython session, based on its video id.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, id, width=400, height=300, **kwargs):
         src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/{0}".format(id)
         super(VimeoVideo, self).__init__(src, width, height, **kwargs)
 
 class ScribdDocument(IFrame):
     """
     Class for embedding a Scribd document in an IPython session
 
     Use the start_page params to specify a starting point in the document
     Use the view_mode params to specify display type one off scroll | slideshow | book
 
     e.g to Display Wes' foundational paper about PANDAS in book mode from page 3
 
     ScribdDocument(71048089, width=800, height=400, start_page=3, view_mode="book")
     """
 
     def __init__(self, id, width=400, height=300, **kwargs):
         src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/{0}/content".format(id)
         super(ScribdDocument, self).__init__(src, width, height, **kwargs)
 
 class FileLink(object):
     """Class for embedding a local file link in an IPython session, based on path
 
     e.g. to embed a link that was generated in the IPython notebook as my/data.txt
 
     you would do::
 
         local_file = FileLink("my/data.txt")
         display(local_file)
 
     or in the HTML notebook, just::
 
         FileLink("my/data.txt")
     """
 
     html_link_str = "<a href='%s' target='_blank'>%s</a>"
 
     def __init__(self,
                  path,
                  url_prefix='',
                  result_html_prefix='',
                  result_html_suffix='<br>'):
         """
         Parameters
         ----------
         path : str
             path to the file or directory that should be formatted
         directory_prefix : str
             prefix to be prepended to all files to form a working link [default:
             'files']
         result_html_prefix : str
             text to append to beginning to link [default: none]
         result_html_suffix : str
             text to append at the end of link [default: '<br>']
         """
         if isdir(path):
             raise ValueError("Cannot display a directory using FileLink. "
               "Use FileLinks to display '%s'." % path)
         self.path = path
         self.url_prefix = url_prefix
         self.result_html_prefix = result_html_prefix
         self.result_html_suffix = result_html_suffix
 
     def _format_path(self):
         fp = ''.join([self.url_prefix,self.path])
         return ''.join([self.result_html_prefix,
                         self.html_link_str % (fp, self.path),
                         self.result_html_suffix])
 
     def _repr_html_(self):
         """return html link to file
         """
         if not exists(self.path):
             return ("Path (<tt>%s</tt>) doesn't exist. "
                     "It may still be in the process of "
                     "being generated, or you may have the "
                     "incorrect path." % self.path)
 
         return self._format_path()
 
     def __repr__(self):
         """return absolute path to file
         """
         return abspath(self.path)
 
 class FileLinks(FileLink):
     """Class for embedding local file links in an IPython session, based on path
 
     e.g. to embed links to files that were generated in the IPython notebook
     under ``my/data``, you would do::
 
         local_files = FileLinks("my/data")
         display(local_files)
 
     or in the HTML notebook, just::
 
         FileLinks("my/data")
     """
     def __init__(self,
                  path,
                  url_prefix='',
                  included_suffixes=None,
                  result_html_prefix='',
                  result_html_suffix='<br>',
                  notebook_display_formatter=None,
                  terminal_display_formatter=None):
         """
         See :class:`FileLink` for the ``path``, ``url_prefix``,
         ``result_html_prefix`` and ``result_html_suffix`` parameters.
 
         included_suffixes : list
           Filename suffixes to include when formatting output [default: include
           all files]
 
         notebook_display_formatter : function
           Used to format links for display in the notebook. See discussion of
           formatter functions below.
 
         terminal_display_formatter : function
           Used to format links for display in the terminal. See discussion of
           formatter functions below.
 
         Formatter functions must be of the form::
 
             f(dirname, fnames, included_suffixes)
 
         dirname : str
           The name of a directory
         fnames : list
           The files in that directory
         included_suffixes : list
           The file suffixes that should be included in the output (passing None
           meansto include all suffixes in the output in the built-in formatters)
 
         The function should return a list of lines that will be printed in the
         notebook (if passing notebook_display_formatter) or the terminal (if
         passing terminal_display_formatter). This function is iterated over for
         each directory in self.path. Default formatters are in place, can be
         passed here to support alternative formatting.
 
         """
         if isfile(path):
             raise ValueError("Cannot display a file using FileLinks. "
               "Use FileLink to display '%s'." % path)
         self.included_suffixes = included_suffixes
         # remove trailing slashs for more consistent output formatting
         path = path.rstrip('/')
 
         self.path = path
         self.url_prefix = url_prefix
         self.result_html_prefix = result_html_prefix
         self.result_html_suffix = result_html_suffix
 
         self.notebook_display_formatter = \
              notebook_display_formatter or self._get_notebook_display_formatter()
         self.terminal_display_formatter = \
              terminal_display_formatter or self._get_terminal_display_formatter()
 
     def _get_display_formatter(self,
                                dirname_output_format,
                                fname_output_format,
                                fp_format,
                                fp_cleaner=None):
         """ generate built-in formatter function
 
            this is used to define both the notebook and terminal built-in
             formatters as they only differ by some wrapper text for each entry
 
            dirname_output_format: string to use for formatting directory
             names, dirname will be substituted for a single "%s" which
             must appear in this string
            fname_output_format: string to use for formatting file names,
             if a single "%s" appears in the string, fname will be substituted
             if two "%s" appear in the string, the path to fname will be
              substituted for the first and fname will be substituted for the
              second
            fp_format: string to use for formatting filepaths, must contain
             exactly two "%s" and the dirname will be subsituted for the first
             and fname will be substituted for the second
         """
         def f(dirname, fnames, included_suffixes=None):
             result = []
             # begin by figuring out which filenames, if any,
             # are going to be displayed
             display_fnames = []
             for fname in fnames:
                 if (isfile(join(dirname,fname)) and
                        (included_suffixes == None or
                         splitext(fname)[1] in included_suffixes)):
                       display_fnames.append(fname)
 
             if len(display_fnames) == 0:
                 # if there are no filenames to display, don't print anything
                 # (not even the directory name)
                 pass
             else:
                 # otherwise print the formatted directory name followed by
                 # the formatted filenames
                 dirname_output_line = dirname_output_format % dirname
                 result.append(dirname_output_line)
                 for fname in display_fnames:
                     fp = fp_format % (dirname,fname)
                     if fp_cleaner is not None:
                         fp = fp_cleaner(fp)
                     try:
                         # output can include both a filepath and a filename...
                         fname_output_line = fname_output_format % (fp, fname)
                     except TypeError:
                         # ... or just a single filepath
                         fname_output_line = fname_output_format % fname
                     result.append(fname_output_line)
             return result
         return f
 
     def _get_notebook_display_formatter(self,
                                         spacer="&nbsp;&nbsp;"):
         """ generate function to use for notebook formatting
         """
         dirname_output_format = \
          self.result_html_prefix + "%s/" + self.result_html_suffix
         fname_output_format = \
          self.result_html_prefix + spacer + self.html_link_str + self.result_html_suffix
         fp_format = self.url_prefix + '%s/%s'
         if sep == "\\":
             # Working on a platform where the path separator is "\", so
             # must convert these to "/" for generating a URI
             def fp_cleaner(fp):
                 # Replace all occurences of backslash ("\") with a forward
                 # slash ("/") - this is necessary on windows when a path is
                 # provided as input, but we must link to a URI
                 return fp.replace('\\','/')
         else:
             fp_cleaner = None
 
         return self._get_display_formatter(dirname_output_format,
                                            fname_output_format,
                                            fp_format,
                                            fp_cleaner)
 
     def _get_terminal_display_formatter(self,
                                         spacer="  "):
         """ generate function to use for terminal formatting
         """
         dirname_output_format = "%s/"
         fname_output_format = spacer + "%s"
         fp_format = '%s/%s'
 
         return self._get_display_formatter(dirname_output_format,
                                            fname_output_format,
                                            fp_format)
 
     def _format_path(self):
         result_lines = []
         walked_dir = list(walk(self.path))
         walked_dir.sort()
         for dirname, subdirs, fnames in walked_dir:
             result_lines += self.notebook_display_formatter(dirname, fnames, self.included_suffixes)
         return '\n'.join(result_lines)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         """return newline-separated absolute paths
         """
         result_lines = []
         walked_dir = list(walk(self.path))
         walked_dir.sort()
         for dirname, subdirs, fnames in walked_dir:
             result_lines += self.terminal_display_formatter(dirname, fnames, self.included_suffixes)
         return '\n'.join(result_lines)