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1 | 1 | .. _nbformat: |
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2 | 2 | |
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3 | 3 | =========================== |
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4 | 4 | The Jupyter Notebook Format |
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5 | 5 | =========================== |
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6 | 6 | |
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7 | 7 | Introduction |
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8 | 8 | ============ |
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9 | 9 | |
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10 | 10 | Jupyter (nΓ© IPython) notebook files are simple JSON documents, |
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11 | 11 | containing text, source code, rich media output, and metadata. |
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12 | 12 | each segment of the document is stored in a cell. |
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13 | 13 | |
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14 | 14 | Some general points about the notebook format: |
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15 | 15 | |
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16 | 16 | .. note:: |
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17 | 17 | |
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18 | 18 | *All* metadata fields are optional. |
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19 | 19 | While the type and values of some metadata are defined, |
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20 | 20 | no metadata values are required to be defined. |
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21 | 21 | |
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22 | 22 | |
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23 | 23 | Top-level structure |
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24 | 24 | =================== |
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25 | 25 | |
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26 | 26 | At the highest level, a Jupyter notebook is a dictionary with a few keys: |
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27 | 27 | |
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28 | 28 | - metadata (dict) |
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29 | 29 | - nbformat (int) |
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30 | 30 | - nbformat_minor (int) |
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31 | 31 | - cells (list) |
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32 | 32 | |
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33 | 33 | .. sourcecode:: python |
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34 | 34 | |
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35 | 35 | { |
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36 | 36 | "metadata" : { |
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37 | 37 | "signature": "hex-digest", # used for authenticating unsafe outputs on load |
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38 | 38 | "kernel_info": { |
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39 | 39 | # if kernel_info is defined, its name field is required. |
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40 | 40 | "name" : "the name of the kernel" |
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41 | 41 | }, |
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42 | 42 | "language_info": { |
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43 | 43 | # if language_info is defined, its name field is required. |
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44 | 44 | "name" : "the programming language of the kernel", |
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45 | 45 | "version": "the version of the language", |
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46 | 46 | "codemirror_mode": "The name of the codemirror mode to use [optional]" |
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47 | 47 | } |
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48 | 48 | }, |
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49 | 49 | "nbformat": 4, |
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50 | 50 | "nbformat_minor": 0, |
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51 | 51 | "cells" : [ |
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52 | 52 | # list of cell dictionaries, see below |
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53 | 53 | ], |
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54 | 54 | } |
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55 | 55 | |
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56 | 56 | Some fields, such as code input and text output, are characteristically multi-line strings. |
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57 | 57 | When these fields are written to disk, they **may** be written as a list of strings, |
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58 | 58 | which should be joined with ``''`` when reading back into memory. |
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59 | 59 | In programmatic APIs for working with notebooks (Python, Javascript), |
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60 | 60 | these are always re-joined into the original multi-line string. |
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61 | 61 | If you intend to work with notebook files directly, |
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62 | 62 | you must allow multi-line string fields to be either a string or list of strings. |
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63 | 63 | |
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64 | 64 | |
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65 | 65 | Cell Types |
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66 | 66 | ========== |
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67 | 67 | |
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68 | 68 | There are a few basic cell types for encapsulating code and text. |
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69 | 69 | All cells have the following basic structure: |
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70 | 70 | |
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71 | 71 | .. sourcecode:: python |
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72 | 72 | |
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73 | 73 | { |
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74 | 74 | "cell_type" : "name", |
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75 | 75 | "metadata" : {}, |
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76 | 76 | "source" : "single string or [list, of, strings]", |
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77 | 77 | } |
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78 | 78 | |
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79 | 79 | |
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80 | 80 | Markdown cells |
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81 | 81 | -------------- |
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82 | 82 | |
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83 | 83 | Markdown cells are used for body-text, and contain markdown, |
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84 | 84 | as defined in `GitHub-flavored markdown`_, and implemented in marked_. |
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85 | 85 | |
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86 | 86 | .. _GitHub-flavored markdown: https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown |
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87 | 87 | .. _marked: https://github.com/chjj/marked |
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88 | 88 | |
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89 | 89 | .. sourcecode:: python |
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90 | 90 | |
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91 | 91 | { |
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92 | 92 | "cell_type" : "markdown", |
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93 | 93 | "metadata" : {}, |
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94 | 94 | "source" : ["some *markdown*"], |
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95 | 95 | } |
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96 | 96 | |
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97 | 97 | .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0 |
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98 | 98 | |
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99 | 99 | Heading cells have been removed, in favor of simple headings in markdown. |
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100 | 100 | |
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101 | 101 | |
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102 | 102 | Code cells |
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103 | 103 | ---------- |
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104 | 104 | |
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105 | 105 | Code cells are the primary content of Jupyter notebooks. |
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106 | 106 | They contain source code in the language of the document's associated kernel, |
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107 | 107 | and a list of outputs associated with executing that code. |
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108 | 108 | They also have an execution_count, which must be an integer or ``null``. |
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109 | 109 | |
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110 | 110 | .. sourcecode:: python |
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111 | 111 | |
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112 | 112 | { |
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113 | 113 | "cell_type" : "code", |
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114 | 114 | "execution_count": 1, # integer or null |
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115 | 115 | "metadata" : { |
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116 | 116 | "collapsed" : True, # whether the output of the cell is collapsed |
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117 | 117 | "autoscroll": False, # any of true, false or "auto" |
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118 | 118 | }, |
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119 | 119 | "source" : ["some code"], |
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120 | 120 | "outputs": [{ |
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121 | 121 | # list of output dicts (described below) |
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122 | 122 | "output_type": "stream", |
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123 | 123 | ... |
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124 | 124 | }], |
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125 | 125 | } |
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126 | 126 | |
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127 | 127 | .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0 |
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128 | 128 | |
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129 | 129 | ``input`` was renamed to ``source``, for consistency among cell types. |
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130 | 130 | |
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131 | 131 | .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0 |
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132 | 132 | |
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133 | 133 | ``prompt_number`` renamed to ``execution_count`` |
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134 | 134 | |
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135 | 135 | Code cell outputs |
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136 | 136 | ----------------- |
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137 | 137 | |
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138 | 138 | A code cell can have a variety of outputs (stream data or rich mime-type output). |
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139 | 139 | These correspond to :ref:`messages <messaging>` produced as a result of executing the cell. |
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140 | 140 | |
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141 | 141 | All outputs have an ``output_type`` field, |
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142 | 142 | which is a string defining what type of output it is. |
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143 | 143 | |
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144 | 144 | |
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145 | 145 | stream output |
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146 | 146 | ************* |
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147 | 147 | |
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148 | 148 | .. sourcecode:: python |
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149 | 149 | |
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150 | 150 | { |
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151 | 151 | "output_type" : "stream", |
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152 | 152 | "name" : "stdout", # or stderr |
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153 |
" |
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153 | "text" : ["multiline stream text"], | |
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154 | 154 | } |
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155 | 155 | |
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156 | 156 | .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0 |
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157 | 157 | |
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158 |
The keys ``stream`` |
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159 |
the stream message |
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158 | The keys ``stream`` key was changed to ``name`` to match | |
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159 | the stream message. | |
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160 | 160 | |
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161 | 161 | |
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162 | 162 | display_data |
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163 | 163 | ************ |
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164 | 164 | |
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165 | 165 | Rich display outputs, as created by ``display_data`` messages, |
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166 | 166 | contain data keyed by mime-type. This is often called a mime-bundle, |
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167 | 167 | and shows up in various locations in the notebook format and message spec. |
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168 | 168 | The metadata of these messages may be keyed by mime-type as well. |
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169 | 169 | |
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170 | 170 | |
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171 | 171 | |
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172 | 172 | .. sourcecode:: python |
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173 | 173 | |
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174 | 174 | { |
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175 | 175 | "output_type" : "display_data", |
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176 | 176 | "data" : { |
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177 | 177 | "text/plain" : ["multiline text data"], |
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178 | 178 | "image/png": ["base64-encoded-png-data"], |
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179 | 179 | "application/json": { |
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180 | 180 | # JSON data is included as-is |
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181 | 181 | "json": "data", |
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182 | 182 | }, |
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183 | 183 | }, |
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184 | 184 | "metadata" : { |
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185 | 185 | "image/png": { |
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186 | 186 | "width": 640, |
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187 | 187 | "height": 480, |
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188 | 188 | }, |
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189 | 189 | }, |
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190 | 190 | } |
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191 | 191 | |
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192 | 192 | |
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193 | 193 | .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0 |
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194 | 194 | |
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195 | 195 | ``application/json`` output is no longer double-serialized into a string. |
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196 | 196 | |
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197 | 197 | .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0 |
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198 | 198 | |
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199 | 199 | mime-types are used for keys, instead of a combination of short names (``text``) |
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200 | 200 | and mime-types, and are stored in a ``data`` key, rather than the top-level. |
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201 | 201 | i.e. ``output.data['image/png']`` instead of ``output.png``. |
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202 | 202 | |
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203 | 203 | |
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204 | 204 | execute_result |
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205 | 205 | ************** |
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206 | 206 | |
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207 | 207 | Results of executing a cell (as created by ``displayhook`` in Python) |
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208 | 208 | are stored in ``execute_result`` outputs. |
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209 | 209 | `execute_result` outputs are identical to ``display_data``, |
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210 | 210 | adding only a ``execution_count`` field, which must be an integer. |
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211 | 211 | |
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212 | 212 | .. sourcecode:: python |
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213 | 213 | |
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214 | 214 | { |
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215 | 215 | "output_type" : "execute_result", |
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216 | 216 | "execution_count": 42, |
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217 | 217 | "data" : { |
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218 | 218 | "text/plain" : ["multiline text data"], |
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219 | 219 | "image/png": ["base64-encoded-png-data"], |
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220 | 220 | "application/json": { |
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221 | 221 | # JSON data is included as-is |
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222 | 222 | "json": "data", |
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223 | 223 | }, |
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224 | 224 | }, |
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225 | 225 | "metadata" : { |
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226 | 226 | "image/png": { |
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227 | 227 | "width": 640, |
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228 | 228 | "height": 480, |
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229 | 229 | }, |
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230 | 230 | }, |
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231 | 231 | } |
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232 | 232 | |
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233 | 233 | .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0 |
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234 | 234 | |
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235 | 235 | ``pyout`` renamed to ``execute_result`` |
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236 | 236 | |
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237 | 237 | .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0 |
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238 | 238 | |
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239 | 239 | ``prompt_number`` renamed to ``execution_count`` |
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240 | 240 | |
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241 | 241 | |
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242 | 242 | error |
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243 | 243 | ***** |
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244 | 244 | |
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245 | 245 | Failed execution may show a traceback |
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246 | 246 | |
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247 | 247 | .. sourcecode:: python |
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248 | 248 | |
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249 | 249 | { |
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250 | 250 | 'ename' : str, # Exception name, as a string |
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251 | 251 | 'evalue' : str, # Exception value, as a string |
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252 | 252 | |
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253 | 253 | # The traceback will contain a list of frames, |
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254 | 254 | # represented each as a string. |
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255 | 255 | 'traceback' : list, |
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256 | 256 | } |
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257 | 257 | |
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258 | 258 | .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0 |
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259 | 259 | |
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260 | 260 | ``pyerr`` renamed to ``error`` |
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261 | 261 | |
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262 | 262 | |
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263 | 263 | .. _raw nbconvert cells: |
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264 | 264 | |
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265 | 265 | Raw NBConvert cells |
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266 | 266 | ------------------- |
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267 | 267 | |
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268 | 268 | A raw cell is defined as content that should be included *unmodified* in :ref:`nbconvert <nbconvert>` output. |
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269 | 269 | For example, this cell could include raw LaTeX for nbconvert to pdf via latex, |
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270 | 270 | or restructured text for use in Sphinx documentation. |
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271 | 271 | |
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272 | 272 | The notebook authoring environment does not render raw cells. |
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273 | 273 | |
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274 | 274 | The only logic in a raw cell is the `format` metadata field. |
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275 | 275 | If defined, it specifies which nbconvert output format is the intended target |
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276 | 276 | for the raw cell. When outputting to any other format, |
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277 | 277 | the raw cell's contents will be excluded. |
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278 | 278 | In the default case when this value is undefined, |
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279 | 279 | a raw cell's contents will be included in any nbconvert output, |
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280 | 280 | regardless of format. |
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281 | 281 | |
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282 | 282 | .. sourcecode:: python |
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283 | 283 | |
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284 | 284 | { |
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285 | 285 | "cell_type" : "raw", |
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286 | 286 | "metadata" : { |
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287 | 287 | # the mime-type of the target nbconvert format. |
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288 | 288 | # nbconvert to formats other than this will exclude this cell. |
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289 | 289 | "format" : "mime/type" |
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290 | 290 | }, |
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291 | 291 | "source" : ["some nbformat mime-type data"] |
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292 | 292 | } |
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293 | 293 | |
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294 | 294 | Metadata |
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295 | 295 | ======== |
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296 | 296 | |
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297 | 297 | Metadata is a place that you can put arbitrary JSONable information about |
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298 | 298 | your notebook, cell, or output. Because it is a shared namespace, |
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299 | 299 | any custom metadata should use a sufficiently unique namespace, |
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300 | 300 | such as `metadata.kaylees_md.foo = "bar"`. |
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301 | 301 | |
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302 | 302 | Metadata fields officially defined for Jupyter notebooks are listed here: |
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303 | 303 | |
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304 | 304 | Notebook metadata |
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305 | 305 | ----------------- |
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306 | 306 | |
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307 | 307 | The following metadata keys are defined at the notebook level: |
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308 | 308 | |
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309 | 309 | =========== =============== ============== |
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310 | 310 | Key Value Interpretation |
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311 | 311 | =========== =============== ============== |
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312 | 312 | kernelspec dict A :ref:`kernel specification <kernelspecs>` |
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313 | 313 | signature str A hashed :ref:`signature <notebook_security>` of the notebook |
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314 | 314 | =========== =============== ============== |
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315 | 315 | |
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316 | 316 | |
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317 | 317 | Cell metadata |
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318 | 318 | ------------- |
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319 | 319 | |
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320 | 320 | The following metadata keys are defined at the cell level: |
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321 | 321 | |
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322 | 322 | =========== =============== ============== |
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323 | 323 | Key Value Interpretation |
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324 | 324 | =========== =============== ============== |
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325 | 325 | collapsed bool Whether the cell's output container should be collapsed |
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326 | 326 | autoscroll bool or 'auto' Whether the cell's output is scrolled, unscrolled, or autoscrolled |
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327 | 327 | deletable bool If False, prevent deletion of the cell |
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328 | 328 | format 'mime/type' The mime-type of a :ref:`Raw NBConvert Cell <raw nbconvert cells>` |
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329 | 329 | name str A name for the cell. Should be unique |
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330 | 330 | tags list of str A list of string tags on the cell. Commas are not allowed in a tag |
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331 | 331 | =========== =============== ============== |
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332 | 332 | |
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333 | 333 | Output metadata |
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334 | 334 | --------------- |
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335 | 335 | |
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336 | 336 | The following metadata keys are defined for code cell outputs: |
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337 | 337 | |
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338 | 338 | =========== =============== ============== |
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339 | 339 | Key Value Interpretation |
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340 | 340 | =========== =============== ============== |
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341 | 341 | isolated bool Whether the output should be isolated into an IFrame |
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342 | 342 | =========== =============== ============== |
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