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fix stream output specification in nbformat doc
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1 1 .. _nbformat:
2 2
3 3 ===========================
4 4 The Jupyter Notebook Format
5 5 ===========================
6 6
7 7 Introduction
8 8 ============
9 9
10 10 Jupyter (nΓ© IPython) notebook files are simple JSON documents,
11 11 containing text, source code, rich media output, and metadata.
12 12 each segment of the document is stored in a cell.
13 13
14 14 Some general points about the notebook format:
15 15
16 16 .. note::
17 17
18 18 *All* metadata fields are optional.
19 19 While the type and values of some metadata are defined,
20 20 no metadata values are required to be defined.
21 21
22 22
23 23 Top-level structure
24 24 ===================
25 25
26 26 At the highest level, a Jupyter notebook is a dictionary with a few keys:
27 27
28 28 - metadata (dict)
29 29 - nbformat (int)
30 30 - nbformat_minor (int)
31 31 - cells (list)
32 32
33 33 .. sourcecode:: python
34 34
35 35 {
36 36 "metadata" : {
37 37 "signature": "hex-digest", # used for authenticating unsafe outputs on load
38 38 "kernel_info": {
39 39 # if kernel_info is defined, its name field is required.
40 40 "name" : "the name of the kernel"
41 41 },
42 42 "language_info": {
43 43 # if language_info is defined, its name field is required.
44 44 "name" : "the programming language of the kernel",
45 45 "version": "the version of the language",
46 46 "codemirror_mode": "The name of the codemirror mode to use [optional]"
47 47 }
48 48 },
49 49 "nbformat": 4,
50 50 "nbformat_minor": 0,
51 51 "cells" : [
52 52 # list of cell dictionaries, see below
53 53 ],
54 54 }
55 55
56 56 Some fields, such as code input and text output, are characteristically multi-line strings.
57 57 When these fields are written to disk, they **may** be written as a list of strings,
58 58 which should be joined with ``''`` when reading back into memory.
59 59 In programmatic APIs for working with notebooks (Python, Javascript),
60 60 these are always re-joined into the original multi-line string.
61 61 If you intend to work with notebook files directly,
62 62 you must allow multi-line string fields to be either a string or list of strings.
63 63
64 64
65 65 Cell Types
66 66 ==========
67 67
68 68 There are a few basic cell types for encapsulating code and text.
69 69 All cells have the following basic structure:
70 70
71 71 .. sourcecode:: python
72 72
73 73 {
74 74 "cell_type" : "name",
75 75 "metadata" : {},
76 76 "source" : "single string or [list, of, strings]",
77 77 }
78 78
79 79
80 80 Markdown cells
81 81 --------------
82 82
83 83 Markdown cells are used for body-text, and contain markdown,
84 84 as defined in `GitHub-flavored markdown`_, and implemented in marked_.
85 85
86 86 .. _GitHub-flavored markdown: https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown
87 87 .. _marked: https://github.com/chjj/marked
88 88
89 89 .. sourcecode:: python
90 90
91 91 {
92 92 "cell_type" : "markdown",
93 93 "metadata" : {},
94 94 "source" : ["some *markdown*"],
95 95 }
96 96
97 97 .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0
98 98
99 99 Heading cells have been removed, in favor of simple headings in markdown.
100 100
101 101
102 102 Code cells
103 103 ----------
104 104
105 105 Code cells are the primary content of Jupyter notebooks.
106 106 They contain source code in the language of the document's associated kernel,
107 107 and a list of outputs associated with executing that code.
108 108 They also have an execution_count, which must be an integer or ``null``.
109 109
110 110 .. sourcecode:: python
111 111
112 112 {
113 113 "cell_type" : "code",
114 114 "execution_count": 1, # integer or null
115 115 "metadata" : {
116 116 "collapsed" : True, # whether the output of the cell is collapsed
117 117 "autoscroll": False, # any of true, false or "auto"
118 118 },
119 119 "source" : ["some code"],
120 120 "outputs": [{
121 121 # list of output dicts (described below)
122 122 "output_type": "stream",
123 123 ...
124 124 }],
125 125 }
126 126
127 127 .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0
128 128
129 129 ``input`` was renamed to ``source``, for consistency among cell types.
130 130
131 131 .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0
132 132
133 133 ``prompt_number`` renamed to ``execution_count``
134 134
135 135 Code cell outputs
136 136 -----------------
137 137
138 138 A code cell can have a variety of outputs (stream data or rich mime-type output).
139 139 These correspond to :ref:`messages <messaging>` produced as a result of executing the cell.
140 140
141 141 All outputs have an ``output_type`` field,
142 142 which is a string defining what type of output it is.
143 143
144 144
145 145 stream output
146 146 *************
147 147
148 148 .. sourcecode:: python
149 149
150 150 {
151 151 "output_type" : "stream",
152 152 "name" : "stdout", # or stderr
153 "data" : ["multiline stream text"],
153 "text" : ["multiline stream text"],
154 154 }
155 155
156 156 .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0
157 157
158 The keys ``stream`` and ``text`` were changed to ``name`` and ``data`` to match
159 the stream message specification.
158 The keys ``stream`` key was changed to ``name`` to match
159 the stream message.
160 160
161 161
162 162 display_data
163 163 ************
164 164
165 165 Rich display outputs, as created by ``display_data`` messages,
166 166 contain data keyed by mime-type. This is often called a mime-bundle,
167 167 and shows up in various locations in the notebook format and message spec.
168 168 The metadata of these messages may be keyed by mime-type as well.
169 169
170 170
171 171
172 172 .. sourcecode:: python
173 173
174 174 {
175 175 "output_type" : "display_data",
176 176 "data" : {
177 177 "text/plain" : ["multiline text data"],
178 178 "image/png": ["base64-encoded-png-data"],
179 179 "application/json": {
180 180 # JSON data is included as-is
181 181 "json": "data",
182 182 },
183 183 },
184 184 "metadata" : {
185 185 "image/png": {
186 186 "width": 640,
187 187 "height": 480,
188 188 },
189 189 },
190 190 }
191 191
192 192
193 193 .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0
194 194
195 195 ``application/json`` output is no longer double-serialized into a string.
196 196
197 197 .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0
198 198
199 199 mime-types are used for keys, instead of a combination of short names (``text``)
200 200 and mime-types, and are stored in a ``data`` key, rather than the top-level.
201 201 i.e. ``output.data['image/png']`` instead of ``output.png``.
202 202
203 203
204 204 execute_result
205 205 **************
206 206
207 207 Results of executing a cell (as created by ``displayhook`` in Python)
208 208 are stored in ``execute_result`` outputs.
209 209 `execute_result` outputs are identical to ``display_data``,
210 210 adding only a ``execution_count`` field, which must be an integer.
211 211
212 212 .. sourcecode:: python
213 213
214 214 {
215 215 "output_type" : "execute_result",
216 216 "execution_count": 42,
217 217 "data" : {
218 218 "text/plain" : ["multiline text data"],
219 219 "image/png": ["base64-encoded-png-data"],
220 220 "application/json": {
221 221 # JSON data is included as-is
222 222 "json": "data",
223 223 },
224 224 },
225 225 "metadata" : {
226 226 "image/png": {
227 227 "width": 640,
228 228 "height": 480,
229 229 },
230 230 },
231 231 }
232 232
233 233 .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0
234 234
235 235 ``pyout`` renamed to ``execute_result``
236 236
237 237 .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0
238 238
239 239 ``prompt_number`` renamed to ``execution_count``
240 240
241 241
242 242 error
243 243 *****
244 244
245 245 Failed execution may show a traceback
246 246
247 247 .. sourcecode:: python
248 248
249 249 {
250 250 'ename' : str, # Exception name, as a string
251 251 'evalue' : str, # Exception value, as a string
252 252
253 253 # The traceback will contain a list of frames,
254 254 # represented each as a string.
255 255 'traceback' : list,
256 256 }
257 257
258 258 .. versionchanged:: nbformat 4.0
259 259
260 260 ``pyerr`` renamed to ``error``
261 261
262 262
263 263 .. _raw nbconvert cells:
264 264
265 265 Raw NBConvert cells
266 266 -------------------
267 267
268 268 A raw cell is defined as content that should be included *unmodified* in :ref:`nbconvert <nbconvert>` output.
269 269 For example, this cell could include raw LaTeX for nbconvert to pdf via latex,
270 270 or restructured text for use in Sphinx documentation.
271 271
272 272 The notebook authoring environment does not render raw cells.
273 273
274 274 The only logic in a raw cell is the `format` metadata field.
275 275 If defined, it specifies which nbconvert output format is the intended target
276 276 for the raw cell. When outputting to any other format,
277 277 the raw cell's contents will be excluded.
278 278 In the default case when this value is undefined,
279 279 a raw cell's contents will be included in any nbconvert output,
280 280 regardless of format.
281 281
282 282 .. sourcecode:: python
283 283
284 284 {
285 285 "cell_type" : "raw",
286 286 "metadata" : {
287 287 # the mime-type of the target nbconvert format.
288 288 # nbconvert to formats other than this will exclude this cell.
289 289 "format" : "mime/type"
290 290 },
291 291 "source" : ["some nbformat mime-type data"]
292 292 }
293 293
294 294 Metadata
295 295 ========
296 296
297 297 Metadata is a place that you can put arbitrary JSONable information about
298 298 your notebook, cell, or output. Because it is a shared namespace,
299 299 any custom metadata should use a sufficiently unique namespace,
300 300 such as `metadata.kaylees_md.foo = "bar"`.
301 301
302 302 Metadata fields officially defined for Jupyter notebooks are listed here:
303 303
304 304 Notebook metadata
305 305 -----------------
306 306
307 307 The following metadata keys are defined at the notebook level:
308 308
309 309 =========== =============== ==============
310 310 Key Value Interpretation
311 311 =========== =============== ==============
312 312 kernelspec dict A :ref:`kernel specification <kernelspecs>`
313 313 signature str A hashed :ref:`signature <notebook_security>` of the notebook
314 314 =========== =============== ==============
315 315
316 316
317 317 Cell metadata
318 318 -------------
319 319
320 320 The following metadata keys are defined at the cell level:
321 321
322 322 =========== =============== ==============
323 323 Key Value Interpretation
324 324 =========== =============== ==============
325 325 collapsed bool Whether the cell's output container should be collapsed
326 326 autoscroll bool or 'auto' Whether the cell's output is scrolled, unscrolled, or autoscrolled
327 327 deletable bool If False, prevent deletion of the cell
328 328 format 'mime/type' The mime-type of a :ref:`Raw NBConvert Cell <raw nbconvert cells>`
329 329 name str A name for the cell. Should be unique
330 330 tags list of str A list of string tags on the cell. Commas are not allowed in a tag
331 331 =========== =============== ==============
332 332
333 333 Output metadata
334 334 ---------------
335 335
336 336 The following metadata keys are defined for code cell outputs:
337 337
338 338 =========== =============== ==============
339 339 Key Value Interpretation
340 340 =========== =============== ==============
341 341 isolated bool Whether the output should be isolated into an IFrame
342 342 =========== =============== ==============
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