expedite IPython.parallel tests

Fewer engines are added during the test suite, by counting the absolute number of engines, rather than repeatedly adding a minimum number.

IPython/parallel/tests/__init__.py

@@ -1,111 +1,120 b''
 """toplevel setup/teardown for parallel tests."""
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import os
 import tempfile
 import time
 from subprocess import Popen
 
 from IPython.utils.path import get_ipython_dir
 from IPython.parallel import Client
 from IPython.parallel.apps.launcher import (LocalProcessLauncher,
                                                   ipengine_cmd_argv,
                                                   ipcontroller_cmd_argv,
                                                   SIGKILL)
 
 # globals
 launchers = []
 blackhole = open(os.devnull, 'w')
 
 # Launcher class
 class TestProcessLauncher(LocalProcessLauncher):
     """subclass LocalProcessLauncher, to prevent extra sockets and threads being created on Windows"""
     def start(self):
         if self.state == 'before':
             self.process = Popen(self.args,
                 stdout=blackhole, stderr=blackhole,
                 env=os.environ,
                 cwd=self.work_dir
             )
             self.notify_start(self.process.pid)
             self.poll = self.process.poll
         else:
             s = 'The process was already started and has state: %r' % self.state
             raise ProcessStateError(s)
 
 # nose setup/teardown
 
 def setup():
     cluster_dir = os.path.join(get_ipython_dir(), 'profile_iptest')
     engine_json = os.path.join(cluster_dir, 'security', 'ipcontroller-engine.json')
     client_json = os.path.join(cluster_dir, 'security', 'ipcontroller-client.json')
     for json in (engine_json, client_json):
         if os.path.exists(json):
             os.remove(json)
     
     cp = TestProcessLauncher()
     cp.cmd_and_args = ipcontroller_cmd_argv + \
                 ['--profile=iptest', '--log-level=50', '--ping=250']
     cp.start()
     launchers.append(cp)
     tic = time.time()
     while not os.path.exists(engine_json) or not os.path.exists(client_json):
         if cp.poll() is not None:
             print cp.poll()
             raise RuntimeError("The test controller failed to start.")
         elif time.time()-tic > 10:
             raise RuntimeError("Timeout waiting for the test controller to start.")
         time.sleep(0.1)
     add_engines(1)
 
-def add_engines(n=1, profile='iptest'):
+def add_engines(n=1, profile='iptest', total=False):
+    """add a number of engines to a given profile.
+    
+    If total is True, then already running engines are counted, and only
+    the additional engines necessary (if any) are started.
+    """
     rc = Client(profile=profile)
     base = len(rc)
+    
+    if total:
+        n = max(n - base, 0)
+    
     eps = []
     for i in range(n):
         ep = TestProcessLauncher()
         ep.cmd_and_args = ipengine_cmd_argv + ['--profile=%s'%profile, '--log-level=50']
         ep.start()
         launchers.append(ep)
         eps.append(ep)
     tic = time.time()
     while len(rc) < base+n:
         if any([ ep.poll() is not None for ep in eps ]):
             raise RuntimeError("A test engine failed to start.")
         elif time.time()-tic > 10:
             raise RuntimeError("Timeout waiting for engines to connect.")
         time.sleep(.1)
         rc.spin()
     rc.close()
     return eps
 
 def teardown():
     time.sleep(1)
     while launchers:
         p = launchers.pop()
         if p.poll() is None:
             try:
                 p.stop()
             except Exception, e:
                 print e
                 pass
         if p.poll() is None:
             time.sleep(.25)
         if p.poll() is None:
             try:
                 print 'cleaning up test process...'
                 p.signal(SIGKILL)
             except:
                 print "couldn't shutdown process: ", p
     blackhole.close()
     

IPython/parallel/tests/clienttest.py

@@ -1,137 +1,144 b''
 """base class for parallel client tests
 
 Authors:
 
 * Min RK
 """
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import time
 
 from nose import SkipTest
 
 import zmq
 from zmq.tests import BaseZMQTestCase
 
 from IPython.external.decorator import decorator
 
 from IPython.parallel import error
 from IPython.parallel import Client
 
 from IPython.parallel.tests import launchers, add_engines
 
 # simple tasks for use in apply tests
 
 def segfault():
     """this will segfault"""
     import ctypes
     ctypes.memset(-1,0,1)
 
 def crash():
     """from stdlib crashers in the test suite"""
     import types
     if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
         import ctypes
         ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetErrorMode(0x0002);
     args = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, b'\x04\x71\x00\x00', (), (), (), '', '', 1, b'']
     if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
         # Python3 adds 'kwonlyargcount' as the second argument to Code
         args.insert(1, 0)
         
     co = types.CodeType(*args)
     exec(co)
 
 def wait(n):
     """sleep for a time"""
     import time
     time.sleep(n)
     return n
 
 def raiser(eclass):
     """raise an exception"""
     raise eclass()
 
 # test decorator for skipping tests when libraries are unavailable
 def skip_without(*names):
     """skip a test if some names are not importable"""
     @decorator
     def skip_without_names(f, *args, **kwargs):
         """decorator to skip tests in the absence of numpy."""
         for name in names:
             try:
                 __import__(name)
             except ImportError:
                 raise SkipTest
         return f(*args, **kwargs)
     return skip_without_names
 
 class ClusterTestCase(BaseZMQTestCase):
     
     def add_engines(self, n=1, block=True):
         """add multiple engines to our cluster"""
         self.engines.extend(add_engines(n))
         if block:
             self.wait_on_engines()
+
+    def minimum_engines(self, n=1, block=True):
+        """add engines until there are at least n connected"""
+        self.engines.extend(add_engines(n, total=True))
+        if block:
+            self.wait_on_engines()
+            
     
     def wait_on_engines(self, timeout=5):
         """wait for our engines to connect."""
         n = len(self.engines)+self.base_engine_count
         tic = time.time()
         while time.time()-tic < timeout and len(self.client.ids) < n:
             time.sleep(0.1)
         
         assert not len(self.client.ids) < n, "waiting for engines timed out"
     
     def connect_client(self):
         """connect a client with my Context, and track its sockets for cleanup"""
         c = Client(profile='iptest', context=self.context)
         for name in filter(lambda n:n.endswith('socket'), dir(c)):
             s = getattr(c, name)
             s.setsockopt(zmq.LINGER, 0)
             self.sockets.append(s)
         return c
     
     def assertRaisesRemote(self, etype, f, *args, **kwargs):
         try:
             try:
                 f(*args, **kwargs)
             except error.CompositeError as e:
                 e.raise_exception()
         except error.RemoteError as e:
             self.assertEquals(etype.__name__, e.ename, "Should have raised %r, but raised %r"%(etype.__name__, e.ename))
         else:
             self.fail("should have raised a RemoteError")
             
     def setUp(self):
         BaseZMQTestCase.setUp(self)
         self.client = self.connect_client()
         # start every test with clean engine namespaces:
         self.client.clear(block=True)
         self.base_engine_count=len(self.client.ids)
         self.engines=[]
     
     def tearDown(self):
         # self.client.clear(block=True)
         # close fds:
         for e in filter(lambda e: e.poll() is not None, launchers):
             launchers.remove(e)
         
         # allow flushing of incoming messages to prevent crash on socket close
         self.client.wait(timeout=2)
         # time.sleep(2)
         self.client.spin()
         self.client.close()
         BaseZMQTestCase.tearDown(self)
         # this will be redundant when pyzmq merges PR #88
         # self.context.term()
         # print tempfile.TemporaryFile().fileno(),
         # sys.stdout.flush()
         
  No newline at end of file

IPython/parallel/tests/test_asyncresult.py

@@ -1,115 +1,115 b''
 """Tests for asyncresult.py
 
 Authors:
 
 * Min RK
 """
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 from IPython.parallel.error import TimeoutError
 
 from IPython.parallel.tests import add_engines
 from .clienttest import ClusterTestCase
 
 def setup():
-    add_engines(2)
+    add_engines(2, total=True)
 
 def wait(n):
     import time
     time.sleep(n)
     return n
 
 class AsyncResultTest(ClusterTestCase):
 
     def test_single_result(self):
         eid = self.client.ids[-1]
         ar = self.client[eid].apply_async(lambda : 42)
         self.assertEquals(ar.get(), 42)
         ar = self.client[[eid]].apply_async(lambda : 42)
         self.assertEquals(ar.get(), [42])
         ar = self.client[-1:].apply_async(lambda : 42)
         self.assertEquals(ar.get(), [42])
 
     def test_get_after_done(self):
         ar = self.client[-1].apply_async(lambda : 42)
         ar.wait()
         self.assertTrue(ar.ready())
         self.assertEquals(ar.get(), 42)
         self.assertEquals(ar.get(), 42)
 
     def test_get_before_done(self):
         ar = self.client[-1].apply_async(wait, 0.1)
         self.assertRaises(TimeoutError, ar.get, 0)
         ar.wait(0)
         self.assertFalse(ar.ready())
         self.assertEquals(ar.get(), 0.1)
 
     def test_get_after_error(self):
         ar = self.client[-1].apply_async(lambda : 1/0)
         ar.wait(10)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(ZeroDivisionError, ar.get)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(ZeroDivisionError, ar.get)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(ZeroDivisionError, ar.get_dict)
     
     def test_get_dict(self):
         n = len(self.client)
         ar = self.client[:].apply_async(lambda : 5)
         self.assertEquals(ar.get(), [5]*n)
         d = ar.get_dict()
         self.assertEquals(sorted(d.keys()), sorted(self.client.ids))
         for eid,r in d.iteritems():
             self.assertEquals(r, 5)
     
     def test_list_amr(self):
         ar = self.client.load_balanced_view().map_async(wait, [0.1]*5)
         rlist = list(ar)
     
     def test_getattr(self):
         ar = self.client[:].apply_async(wait, 0.5)
         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda : ar._foo)
         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda : ar.__length_hint__())
         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda : ar.foo)
         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda : ar.engine_id)
         self.assertFalse(hasattr(ar, '__length_hint__'))
         self.assertFalse(hasattr(ar, 'foo'))
         self.assertFalse(hasattr(ar, 'engine_id'))
         ar.get(5)
         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda : ar._foo)
         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda : ar.__length_hint__())
         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda : ar.foo)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar.engine_id, list))
         self.assertEquals(ar.engine_id, ar['engine_id'])
         self.assertFalse(hasattr(ar, '__length_hint__'))
         self.assertFalse(hasattr(ar, 'foo'))
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(ar, 'engine_id'))
 
     def test_getitem(self):
         ar = self.client[:].apply_async(wait, 0.5)
         self.assertRaises(TimeoutError, lambda : ar['foo'])
         self.assertRaises(TimeoutError, lambda : ar['engine_id'])
         ar.get(5)
         self.assertRaises(KeyError, lambda : ar['foo'])
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar['engine_id'], list))
         self.assertEquals(ar.engine_id, ar['engine_id'])
     
     def test_single_result(self):
         ar = self.client[-1].apply_async(wait, 0.5)
         self.assertRaises(TimeoutError, lambda : ar['foo'])
         self.assertRaises(TimeoutError, lambda : ar['engine_id'])
         self.assertTrue(ar.get(5) == 0.5)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar['engine_id'], int))
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar.engine_id, int))
         self.assertEquals(ar.engine_id, ar['engine_id'])
 
 

IPython/parallel/tests/test_client.py

@@ -1,324 +1,319 b''
 """Tests for parallel client.py
 
 Authors:
 
 * Min RK
 """
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from __future__ import division
 
 import time
 from datetime import datetime
 from tempfile import mktemp
 
 import zmq
 
 from IPython.parallel.client import client as clientmod
 from IPython.parallel import error
 from IPython.parallel import AsyncResult, AsyncHubResult
 from IPython.parallel import LoadBalancedView, DirectView
 
 from clienttest import ClusterTestCase, segfault, wait, add_engines
 
 def setup():
-    add_engines(4)
+    add_engines(4, total=True)
 
 class TestClient(ClusterTestCase):
     
     def test_ids(self):
         n = len(self.client.ids)
-        self.add_engines(3)
-        self.assertEquals(len(self.client.ids), n+3)
+        self.add_engines(2)
+        self.assertEquals(len(self.client.ids), n+2)
     
     def test_view_indexing(self):
         """test index access for views"""
-        self.add_engines(2)
+        self.minimum_engines(4)
         targets = self.client._build_targets('all')[-1]
         v = self.client[:]
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, targets)
         t = self.client.ids[2]
         v = self.client[t]
         self.assert_(isinstance(v, DirectView))
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, t)
         t = self.client.ids[2:4]
         v = self.client[t]
         self.assert_(isinstance(v, DirectView))
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, t)
         v = self.client[::2]
         self.assert_(isinstance(v, DirectView))
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, targets[::2])
         v = self.client[1::3]
         self.assert_(isinstance(v, DirectView))
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, targets[1::3])
         v = self.client[:-3]
         self.assert_(isinstance(v, DirectView))
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, targets[:-3])
         v = self.client[-1]
         self.assert_(isinstance(v, DirectView))
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, targets[-1])
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda : self.client[None])
     
     def test_lbview_targets(self):
         """test load_balanced_view targets"""
         v = self.client.load_balanced_view()
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, None)
         v = self.client.load_balanced_view(-1)
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, [self.client.ids[-1]])
         v = self.client.load_balanced_view('all')
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, None)
     
     def test_dview_targets(self):
         """test direct_view targets"""
         v = self.client.direct_view()
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, 'all')
         v = self.client.direct_view('all')
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, 'all')
         v = self.client.direct_view(-1)
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, self.client.ids[-1])
     
     def test_lazy_all_targets(self):
         """test lazy evaluation of rc.direct_view('all')"""
         v = self.client.direct_view()
         self.assertEquals(v.targets, 'all')
         
         def double(x):
             return x*2
         seq = range(100)
         ref = [ double(x) for x in seq ]
         
         # add some engines, which should be used
-        self.add_engines(2)
+        self.add_engines(1)
         n1 = len(self.client.ids)
         
         # simple apply
         r = v.apply_sync(lambda : 1)
         self.assertEquals(r, [1] * n1)
         
         # map goes through remotefunction
         r = v.map_sync(double, seq)
         self.assertEquals(r, ref)
 
         # add a couple more engines, and try again
         self.add_engines(2)
         n2 = len(self.client.ids)
         self.assertNotEquals(n2, n1)
         
         # apply
         r = v.apply_sync(lambda : 1)
         self.assertEquals(r, [1] * n2)
         
         # map
         r = v.map_sync(double, seq)
         self.assertEquals(r, ref)
     
     def test_targets(self):
         """test various valid targets arguments"""
         build = self.client._build_targets
         ids = self.client.ids
         idents,targets = build(None)
         self.assertEquals(ids, targets)
     
     def test_clear(self):
         """test clear behavior"""
-        # self.add_engines(2)
+        self.minimum_engines(2)
         v = self.client[:]
         v.block=True
         v.push(dict(a=5))
         v.pull('a')
         id0 = self.client.ids[-1]
         self.client.clear(targets=id0, block=True)
         a = self.client[:-1].get('a')
         self.assertRaisesRemote(NameError, self.client[id0].get, 'a')
         self.client.clear(block=True)
         for i in self.client.ids:
-            # print i
             self.assertRaisesRemote(NameError, self.client[i].get, 'a')
     
     def test_get_result(self):
         """test getting results from the Hub."""
         c = clientmod.Client(profile='iptest')
-        # self.add_engines(1)
         t = c.ids[-1]
         ar = c[t].apply_async(wait, 1)
         # give the monitor time to notice the message
         time.sleep(.25)
         ahr = self.client.get_result(ar.msg_ids)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ahr, AsyncHubResult))
         self.assertEquals(ahr.get(), ar.get())
         ar2 = self.client.get_result(ar.msg_ids)
         self.assertFalse(isinstance(ar2, AsyncHubResult))
         c.close()
     
     def test_ids_list(self):
         """test client.ids"""
-        # self.add_engines(2)
         ids = self.client.ids
         self.assertEquals(ids, self.client._ids)
         self.assertFalse(ids is self.client._ids)
         ids.remove(ids[-1])
         self.assertNotEquals(ids, self.client._ids)
     
     def test_queue_status(self):
-        # self.addEngine(4)
         ids = self.client.ids
         id0 = ids[0]
         qs = self.client.queue_status(targets=id0)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(qs, dict))
         self.assertEquals(sorted(qs.keys()), ['completed', 'queue', 'tasks'])
         allqs = self.client.queue_status()
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(allqs, dict))
         intkeys = list(allqs.keys())
         intkeys.remove('unassigned')
         self.assertEquals(sorted(intkeys), sorted(self.client.ids))
         unassigned = allqs.pop('unassigned')
         for eid,qs in allqs.items():
             self.assertTrue(isinstance(qs, dict))
             self.assertEquals(sorted(qs.keys()), ['completed', 'queue', 'tasks'])
 
     def test_shutdown(self):
-        # self.addEngine(4)
         ids = self.client.ids
         id0 = ids[0]
         self.client.shutdown(id0, block=True)
         while id0 in self.client.ids:
             time.sleep(0.1)
             self.client.spin()
         
         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda : self.client[id0])
         
     def test_result_status(self):
         pass
         # to be written
     
     def test_db_query_dt(self):
         """test db query by date"""
         hist = self.client.hub_history()
         middle = self.client.db_query({'msg_id' : hist[len(hist)//2]})[0]
         tic = middle['submitted']
         before = self.client.db_query({'submitted' : {'$lt' : tic}})
         after = self.client.db_query({'submitted' : {'$gte' : tic}})
         self.assertEquals(len(before)+len(after),len(hist))
         for b in before:
             self.assertTrue(b['submitted'] < tic)
         for a in after:
             self.assertTrue(a['submitted'] >= tic)
         same = self.client.db_query({'submitted' : tic})
         for s in same:
             self.assertTrue(s['submitted'] == tic)
     
     def test_db_query_keys(self):
         """test extracting subset of record keys"""
         found = self.client.db_query({'msg_id': {'$ne' : ''}},keys=['submitted', 'completed'])
         for rec in found:
             self.assertEquals(set(rec.keys()), set(['msg_id', 'submitted', 'completed']))
     
     def test_db_query_default_keys(self):
         """default db_query excludes buffers"""
         found = self.client.db_query({'msg_id': {'$ne' : ''}})
         for rec in found:
             keys = set(rec.keys())
             self.assertFalse('buffers' in keys, "'buffers' should not be in: %s" % keys)
             self.assertFalse('result_buffers' in keys, "'result_buffers' should not be in: %s" % keys)
     
     def test_db_query_msg_id(self):
         """ensure msg_id is always in db queries"""
         found = self.client.db_query({'msg_id': {'$ne' : ''}},keys=['submitted', 'completed'])
         for rec in found:
             self.assertTrue('msg_id' in rec.keys())
         found = self.client.db_query({'msg_id': {'$ne' : ''}},keys=['submitted'])
         for rec in found:
             self.assertTrue('msg_id' in rec.keys())
         found = self.client.db_query({'msg_id': {'$ne' : ''}},keys=['msg_id'])
         for rec in found:
             self.assertTrue('msg_id' in rec.keys())
     
     def test_db_query_in(self):
         """test db query with '$in','$nin' operators"""
         hist = self.client.hub_history()
         even = hist[::2]
         odd = hist[1::2]
         recs = self.client.db_query({ 'msg_id' : {'$in' : even}})
         found = [ r['msg_id'] for r in recs ]
         self.assertEquals(set(even), set(found))
         recs = self.client.db_query({ 'msg_id' : {'$nin' : even}})
         found = [ r['msg_id'] for r in recs ]
         self.assertEquals(set(odd), set(found))
     
     def test_hub_history(self):
         hist = self.client.hub_history()
         recs = self.client.db_query({ 'msg_id' : {"$ne":''}})
         recdict = {}
         for rec in recs:
             recdict[rec['msg_id']] = rec
         
         latest = datetime(1984,1,1)
         for msg_id in hist:
             rec = recdict[msg_id]
             newt = rec['submitted']
             self.assertTrue(newt >= latest)
             latest = newt
         ar = self.client[-1].apply_async(lambda : 1)
         ar.get()
         time.sleep(0.25)
         self.assertEquals(self.client.hub_history()[-1:],ar.msg_ids)
     
     def test_resubmit(self):
         def f():
             import random
             return random.random()
         v = self.client.load_balanced_view()
         ar = v.apply_async(f)
         r1 = ar.get(1)
         # give the Hub a chance to notice:
         time.sleep(0.5)
         ahr = self.client.resubmit(ar.msg_ids)
         r2 = ahr.get(1)
         self.assertFalse(r1 == r2)
 
     def test_resubmit_inflight(self):
         """ensure ValueError on resubmit of inflight task"""
         v = self.client.load_balanced_view()
         ar = v.apply_async(time.sleep,1)
         # give the message a chance to arrive
         time.sleep(0.2)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(ValueError, self.client.resubmit, ar.msg_ids)
         ar.get(2)
 
     def test_resubmit_badkey(self):
         """ensure KeyError on resubmit of nonexistant task"""
         self.assertRaisesRemote(KeyError, self.client.resubmit, ['invalid'])
 
     def test_purge_results(self):
         # ensure there are some tasks
         for i in range(5):
             self.client[:].apply_sync(lambda : 1)
         # Wait for the Hub to realise the result is done:
         # This prevents a race condition, where we
         # might purge a result the Hub still thinks is pending.
         time.sleep(0.1)
         rc2 = clientmod.Client(profile='iptest')
         hist = self.client.hub_history()
         ahr = rc2.get_result([hist[-1]])
         ahr.wait(10)
         self.client.purge_results(hist[-1])
         newhist = self.client.hub_history()
         self.assertEquals(len(newhist)+1,len(hist))
         rc2.spin()
         rc2.close()
         
     def test_purge_all_results(self):
         self.client.purge_results('all')
         hist = self.client.hub_history()
         self.assertEquals(len(hist), 0)
 

IPython/parallel/tests/test_dependency.py

@@ -1,106 +1,106 b''
 """Tests for dependency.py
 
 Authors:
 
 * Min RK
 """
 
 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # import
 import os
 
 from IPython.utils.pickleutil import can, uncan
 
 import IPython.parallel as pmod
 from IPython.parallel.util import interactive
 
 from IPython.parallel.tests import add_engines
 from .clienttest import ClusterTestCase
 
 def setup():
-    add_engines(1)
+    add_engines(1, total=True)
 
 @pmod.require('time')
 def wait(n):
     time.sleep(n)
     return n
 
 mixed = map(str, range(10))
 completed = map(str, range(0,10,2))
 failed = map(str, range(1,10,2))
 
 class DependencyTest(ClusterTestCase):
     
     def setUp(self):
         ClusterTestCase.setUp(self)
         self.user_ns = {'__builtins__' : __builtins__}
         self.view = self.client.load_balanced_view()
         self.dview = self.client[-1]
         self.succeeded = set(map(str, range(0,25,2)))
         self.failed = set(map(str, range(1,25,2)))
     
     def assertMet(self, dep):
         self.assertTrue(dep.check(self.succeeded, self.failed), "Dependency should be met")
         
     def assertUnmet(self, dep):
         self.assertFalse(dep.check(self.succeeded, self.failed), "Dependency should not be met")
         
     def assertUnreachable(self, dep):
         self.assertTrue(dep.unreachable(self.succeeded, self.failed), "Dependency should be unreachable")
     
     def assertReachable(self, dep):
         self.assertFalse(dep.unreachable(self.succeeded, self.failed), "Dependency should be reachable")
     
     def cancan(self, f):
         """decorator to pass through canning into self.user_ns"""
         return uncan(can(f), self.user_ns)
     
     def test_require_imports(self):
         """test that @require imports names"""
         @self.cancan
         @pmod.require('urllib')
         @interactive
         def encode(dikt):
             return urllib.urlencode(dikt)
         # must pass through canning to properly connect namespaces
         self.assertEquals(encode(dict(a=5)), 'a=5')
     
     def test_success_only(self):
         dep = pmod.Dependency(mixed, success=True, failure=False)
         self.assertUnmet(dep)
         self.assertUnreachable(dep)
         dep.all=False
         self.assertMet(dep)
         self.assertReachable(dep)
         dep = pmod.Dependency(completed, success=True, failure=False)
         self.assertMet(dep)
         self.assertReachable(dep)
         dep.all=False
         self.assertMet(dep)
         self.assertReachable(dep)
 
     def test_failure_only(self):
         dep = pmod.Dependency(mixed, success=False, failure=True)
         self.assertUnmet(dep)
         self.assertUnreachable(dep)
         dep.all=False
         self.assertMet(dep)
         self.assertReachable(dep)
         dep = pmod.Dependency(completed, success=False, failure=True)
         self.assertUnmet(dep)
         self.assertUnreachable(dep)
         dep.all=False
         self.assertUnmet(dep)
         self.assertUnreachable(dep)

IPython/parallel/tests/test_lbview.py

@@ -1,178 +1,176 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """test LoadBalancedView objects
 
 Authors:
 
 * Min RK
 """
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import sys
 import time
 
 import zmq
 from nose import SkipTest
 
 from IPython import parallel  as pmod
 from IPython.parallel import error
 
 from IPython.parallel.tests import add_engines
 
 from .clienttest import ClusterTestCase, crash, wait, skip_without
 
 def setup():
-    add_engines(3)
+    add_engines(3, total=True)
 
 class TestLoadBalancedView(ClusterTestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         ClusterTestCase.setUp(self)
         self.view = self.client.load_balanced_view()
 
     def test_z_crash_task(self):
         """test graceful handling of engine death (balanced)"""
         raise SkipTest("crash tests disabled, due to undesirable crash reports")
         # self.add_engines(1)
         ar = self.view.apply_async(crash)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(error.EngineError, ar.get, 10)
         eid = ar.engine_id
         tic = time.time()
         while eid in self.client.ids and time.time()-tic < 5:
             time.sleep(.01)
             self.client.spin()
         self.assertFalse(eid in self.client.ids, "Engine should have died")
 
     def test_map(self):
         def f(x):
             return x**2
         data = range(16)
         r = self.view.map_sync(f, data)
         self.assertEquals(r, map(f, data))
 
     def test_map_unordered(self):
         def f(x):
             return x**2
         def slow_f(x):
             import time
             time.sleep(0.05*x)
             return x**2
         data = range(16,0,-1)
         reference = map(f, data)
         
         amr = self.view.map_async(slow_f, data, ordered=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(amr, pmod.AsyncMapResult))
         # check individual elements, retrieved as they come
         # list comprehension uses __iter__
         astheycame = [ r for r in amr ]
         # Ensure that at least one result came out of order:
         self.assertNotEquals(astheycame, reference, "should not have preserved order")
         self.assertEquals(sorted(astheycame, reverse=True), reference, "result corrupted")
 
     def test_map_ordered(self):
         def f(x):
             return x**2
         def slow_f(x):
             import time
             time.sleep(0.05*x)
             return x**2
         data = range(16,0,-1)
         reference = map(f, data)
         
         amr = self.view.map_async(slow_f, data)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(amr, pmod.AsyncMapResult))
         # check individual elements, retrieved as they come
         # list(amr) uses __iter__
         astheycame = list(amr)
         # Ensure that results came in order
         self.assertEquals(astheycame, reference)
         self.assertEquals(amr.result, reference)
 
     def test_map_iterable(self):
         """test map on iterables (balanced)"""
         view = self.view
         # 101 is prime, so it won't be evenly distributed
         arr = range(101)
         # so that it will be an iterator, even in Python 3
         it = iter(arr)
         r = view.map_sync(lambda x:x, arr)
         self.assertEquals(r, list(arr))
 
     
     def test_abort(self):
         view = self.view
         ar = self.client[:].apply_async(time.sleep, .5)
         ar = self.client[:].apply_async(time.sleep, .5)
         time.sleep(0.2)
         ar2 = view.apply_async(lambda : 2)
         ar3 = view.apply_async(lambda : 3)
         view.abort(ar2)
         view.abort(ar3.msg_ids)
         self.assertRaises(error.TaskAborted, ar2.get)
         self.assertRaises(error.TaskAborted, ar3.get)
 
     def test_retries(self):
-        add_engines(3)
         view = self.view
         view.timeout = 1 # prevent hang if this doesn't behave
         def fail():
             assert False
         for r in range(len(self.client)-1):
             with view.temp_flags(retries=r):
                 self.assertRaisesRemote(AssertionError, view.apply_sync, fail)
 
         with view.temp_flags(retries=len(self.client), timeout=0.25):
             self.assertRaisesRemote(error.TaskTimeout, view.apply_sync, fail)
 
     def test_invalid_dependency(self):
         view = self.view
         with view.temp_flags(after='12345'):
             self.assertRaisesRemote(error.InvalidDependency, view.apply_sync, lambda : 1)
 
     def test_impossible_dependency(self):
-        if len(self.client) < 2:
-            add_engines(2)
+        self.minimum_engines(2)
         view = self.client.load_balanced_view()
         ar1 = view.apply_async(lambda : 1)
         ar1.get()
         e1 = ar1.engine_id
         e2 = e1
         while e2 == e1:
             ar2 = view.apply_async(lambda : 1)
             ar2.get()
             e2 = ar2.engine_id
 
         with view.temp_flags(follow=[ar1, ar2]):
             self.assertRaisesRemote(error.ImpossibleDependency, view.apply_sync, lambda : 1)
 
 
     def test_follow(self):
         ar = self.view.apply_async(lambda : 1)
         ar.get()
         ars = []
         first_id = ar.engine_id
 
         self.view.follow = ar
         for i in range(5):
             ars.append(self.view.apply_async(lambda : 1))
         self.view.wait(ars)
         for ar in ars:
             self.assertEquals(ar.engine_id, first_id)
 
     def test_after(self):
         view = self.view
         ar = view.apply_async(time.sleep, 0.5)
         with view.temp_flags(after=ar):
             ar2 = view.apply_async(lambda : 1)
 
         ar.wait()
         ar2.wait()
         self.assertTrue(ar2.started >= ar.completed, "%s not >= %s"%(ar.started, ar.completed))

IPython/parallel/tests/test_view.py

@@ -1,507 +1,507 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """test View objects
 
 Authors:
 
 * Min RK
 """
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2011  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import sys
 import time
 from tempfile import mktemp
 from StringIO import StringIO
 
 import zmq
 from nose import SkipTest
 
 from IPython.testing import decorators as dec
 
 from IPython import parallel  as pmod
 from IPython.parallel import error
 from IPython.parallel import AsyncResult, AsyncHubResult, AsyncMapResult
 from IPython.parallel import DirectView
 from IPython.parallel.util import interactive
 
 from IPython.parallel.tests import add_engines
 
 from .clienttest import ClusterTestCase, crash, wait, skip_without
 
 def setup():
-    add_engines(3)
+    add_engines(3, total=True)
 
 class TestView(ClusterTestCase):
     
     def test_z_crash_mux(self):
         """test graceful handling of engine death (direct)"""
         raise SkipTest("crash tests disabled, due to undesirable crash reports")
         # self.add_engines(1)
         eid = self.client.ids[-1]
         ar = self.client[eid].apply_async(crash)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(error.EngineError, ar.get, 10)
         eid = ar.engine_id
         tic = time.time()
         while eid in self.client.ids and time.time()-tic < 5:
             time.sleep(.01)
             self.client.spin()
         self.assertFalse(eid in self.client.ids, "Engine should have died")
     
     def test_push_pull(self):
         """test pushing and pulling"""
         data = dict(a=10, b=1.05, c=range(10), d={'e':(1,2),'f':'hi'})
         t = self.client.ids[-1]
         v = self.client[t]
         push = v.push
         pull = v.pull
         v.block=True
         nengines = len(self.client)
         push({'data':data})
         d = pull('data')
         self.assertEquals(d, data)
         self.client[:].push({'data':data})
         d = self.client[:].pull('data', block=True)
         self.assertEquals(d, nengines*[data])
         ar = push({'data':data}, block=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar, AsyncResult))
         r = ar.get()
         ar = self.client[:].pull('data', block=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar, AsyncResult))
         r = ar.get()
         self.assertEquals(r, nengines*[data])
         self.client[:].push(dict(a=10,b=20))
         r = self.client[:].pull(('a','b'), block=True)
         self.assertEquals(r, nengines*[[10,20]])
     
     def test_push_pull_function(self):
         "test pushing and pulling functions"
         def testf(x):
             return 2.0*x
         
         t = self.client.ids[-1]
         v = self.client[t]
         v.block=True
         push = v.push
         pull = v.pull
         execute = v.execute
         push({'testf':testf})
         r = pull('testf')
         self.assertEqual(r(1.0), testf(1.0))
         execute('r = testf(10)')
         r = pull('r')
         self.assertEquals(r, testf(10))
         ar = self.client[:].push({'testf':testf}, block=False)
         ar.get()
         ar = self.client[:].pull('testf', block=False)
         rlist = ar.get()
         for r in rlist:
             self.assertEqual(r(1.0), testf(1.0))
         execute("def g(x): return x*x")
         r = pull(('testf','g'))
         self.assertEquals((r[0](10),r[1](10)), (testf(10), 100))
     
     def test_push_function_globals(self):
         """test that pushed functions have access to globals"""
         @interactive
         def geta():
             return a
         # self.add_engines(1)
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.block=True
         v['f'] = geta
         self.assertRaisesRemote(NameError, v.execute, 'b=f()')
         v.execute('a=5')
         v.execute('b=f()')
         self.assertEquals(v['b'], 5)
     
     def test_push_function_defaults(self):
         """test that pushed functions preserve default args"""
         def echo(a=10):
             return a
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.block=True
         v['f'] = echo
         v.execute('b=f()')
         self.assertEquals(v['b'], 10)
 
     def test_get_result(self):
         """test getting results from the Hub."""
         c = pmod.Client(profile='iptest')
         # self.add_engines(1)
         t = c.ids[-1]
         v = c[t]
         v2 = self.client[t]
         ar = v.apply_async(wait, 1)
         # give the monitor time to notice the message
         time.sleep(.25)
         ahr = v2.get_result(ar.msg_ids)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ahr, AsyncHubResult))
         self.assertEquals(ahr.get(), ar.get())
         ar2 = v2.get_result(ar.msg_ids)
         self.assertFalse(isinstance(ar2, AsyncHubResult))
         c.spin()
         c.close()
     
     def test_run_newline(self):
         """test that run appends newline to files"""
         tmpfile = mktemp()
         with open(tmpfile, 'w') as f:
             f.write("""def g():
                 return 5
                 """)
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.run(tmpfile, block=True)
         self.assertEquals(v.apply_sync(lambda f: f(), pmod.Reference('g')), 5)
 
     def test_apply_tracked(self):
         """test tracking for apply"""
         # self.add_engines(1)
         t = self.client.ids[-1]
         v = self.client[t]
         v.block=False
         def echo(n=1024*1024, **kwargs):
             with v.temp_flags(**kwargs):
                 return v.apply(lambda x: x, 'x'*n)
         ar = echo(1, track=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         ar = echo(track=True)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         self.assertEquals(ar.sent, ar._tracker.done)
         ar._tracker.wait()
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         
     def test_push_tracked(self):
         t = self.client.ids[-1]
         ns = dict(x='x'*1024*1024)
         v = self.client[t]
         ar = v.push(ns, block=False, track=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         
         ar = v.push(ns, block=False, track=True)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         ar._tracker.wait()
         self.assertEquals(ar.sent, ar._tracker.done)
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         ar.get()
         
     def test_scatter_tracked(self):
         t = self.client.ids
         x='x'*1024*1024
         ar = self.client[t].scatter('x', x, block=False, track=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         
         ar = self.client[t].scatter('x', x, block=False, track=True)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar._tracker, zmq.MessageTracker))
         self.assertEquals(ar.sent, ar._tracker.done)
         ar._tracker.wait()
         self.assertTrue(ar.sent)
         ar.get()
     
     def test_remote_reference(self):
         v = self.client[-1]
         v['a'] = 123
         ra = pmod.Reference('a')
         b = v.apply_sync(lambda x: x, ra)
         self.assertEquals(b, 123)
 
 
     def test_scatter_gather(self):
         view = self.client[:]
         seq1 = range(16)
         view.scatter('a', seq1)
         seq2 = view.gather('a', block=True)
         self.assertEquals(seq2, seq1)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(NameError, view.gather, 'asdf', block=True)
     
     @skip_without('numpy')
     def test_scatter_gather_numpy(self):
         import numpy
         from numpy.testing.utils import assert_array_equal, assert_array_almost_equal
         view = self.client[:]
         a = numpy.arange(64)
         view.scatter('a', a)
         b = view.gather('a', block=True)
         assert_array_equal(b, a)
     
     def test_map(self):
         view = self.client[:]
         def f(x):
             return x**2
         data = range(16)
         r = view.map_sync(f, data)
         self.assertEquals(r, map(f, data))
     
     def test_map_iterable(self):
         """test map on iterables (direct)"""
         view = self.client[:]
         # 101 is prime, so it won't be evenly distributed
         arr = range(101)
         # ensure it will be an iterator, even in Python 3
         it = iter(arr)
         r = view.map_sync(lambda x:x, arr)
         self.assertEquals(r, list(arr))
     
     def test_scatterGatherNonblocking(self):
         data = range(16)
         view = self.client[:]
         view.scatter('a', data, block=False)
         ar = view.gather('a', block=False)
         self.assertEquals(ar.get(), data)
     
     @skip_without('numpy')
     def test_scatter_gather_numpy_nonblocking(self):
         import numpy
         from numpy.testing.utils import assert_array_equal, assert_array_almost_equal
         a = numpy.arange(64)
         view = self.client[:]
         ar = view.scatter('a', a, block=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar, AsyncResult))
         amr = view.gather('a', block=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(amr, AsyncMapResult))
         assert_array_equal(amr.get(), a)
 
     def test_execute(self):
         view = self.client[:]
         # self.client.debug=True
         execute = view.execute
         ar = execute('c=30', block=False)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(ar, AsyncResult))
         ar = execute('d=[0,1,2]', block=False)
         self.client.wait(ar, 1)
         self.assertEquals(len(ar.get()), len(self.client))
         for c in view['c']:
             self.assertEquals(c, 30)
     
     def test_abort(self):
         view = self.client[-1]
         ar = view.execute('import time; time.sleep(1)', block=False)
         ar2 = view.apply_async(lambda : 2)
         ar3 = view.apply_async(lambda : 3)
         view.abort(ar2)
         view.abort(ar3.msg_ids)
         self.assertRaises(error.TaskAborted, ar2.get)
         self.assertRaises(error.TaskAborted, ar3.get)
     
     def test_abort_all(self):
         """view.abort() aborts all outstanding tasks"""
         view = self.client[-1]
-        ars = [ view.apply_async(time.sleep, 1) for i in range(10) ]
+        ars = [ view.apply_async(time.sleep, 0.25) for i in range(10) ]
         view.abort()
         view.wait(timeout=5)
         for ar in ars[5:]:
             self.assertRaises(error.TaskAborted, ar.get)
     
     def test_temp_flags(self):
         view = self.client[-1]
         view.block=True
         with view.temp_flags(block=False):
             self.assertFalse(view.block)
         self.assertTrue(view.block)
     
     @dec.known_failure_py3
     def test_importer(self):
         view = self.client[-1]
         view.clear(block=True)
         with view.importer:
             import re
         
         @interactive
         def findall(pat, s):
             # this globals() step isn't necessary in real code
             # only to prevent a closure in the test
             re = globals()['re']
             return re.findall(pat, s)
         
         self.assertEquals(view.apply_sync(findall, '\w+', 'hello world'), 'hello world'.split())
     
     # parallel magic tests
     
     def test_magic_px_blocking(self):
         ip = get_ipython()
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.activate()
         v.block=True
 
         ip.magic_px('a=5')
         self.assertEquals(v['a'], 5)
         ip.magic_px('a=10')
         self.assertEquals(v['a'], 10)
         sio = StringIO()
         savestdout = sys.stdout
         sys.stdout = sio
         # just 'print a' worst ~99% of the time, but this ensures that
         # the stdout message has arrived when the result is finished:
         ip.magic_px('import sys,time;print (a); sys.stdout.flush();time.sleep(0.2)')
         sys.stdout = savestdout
         buf = sio.getvalue()
         self.assertTrue('[stdout:' in buf, buf)
         self.assertTrue(buf.rstrip().endswith('10'))
         self.assertRaisesRemote(ZeroDivisionError, ip.magic_px, '1/0')
 
     def test_magic_px_nonblocking(self):
         ip = get_ipython()
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.activate()
         v.block=False
 
         ip.magic_px('a=5')
         self.assertEquals(v['a'], 5)
         ip.magic_px('a=10')
         self.assertEquals(v['a'], 10)
         sio = StringIO()
         savestdout = sys.stdout
         sys.stdout = sio
         ip.magic_px('print a')
         sys.stdout = savestdout
         buf = sio.getvalue()
         self.assertFalse('[stdout:%i]'%v.targets in buf)
         ip.magic_px('1/0')
         ar = v.get_result(-1)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(ZeroDivisionError, ar.get)
     
     def test_magic_autopx_blocking(self):
         ip = get_ipython()
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.activate()
         v.block=True
 
         sio = StringIO()
         savestdout = sys.stdout
         sys.stdout = sio
         ip.magic_autopx()
         ip.run_cell('\n'.join(('a=5','b=10','c=0')))
         ip.run_cell('print b')
         ip.run_cell("b/c")
         ip.run_code(compile('b*=2', '', 'single'))
         ip.magic_autopx()
         sys.stdout = savestdout
         output = sio.getvalue().strip()
         self.assertTrue(output.startswith('%autopx enabled'))
         self.assertTrue(output.endswith('%autopx disabled'))
         self.assertTrue('RemoteError: ZeroDivisionError' in output)
         ar = v.get_result(-2)
         self.assertEquals(v['a'], 5)
         self.assertEquals(v['b'], 20)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(ZeroDivisionError, ar.get)
 
     def test_magic_autopx_nonblocking(self):
         ip = get_ipython()
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.activate()
         v.block=False
 
         sio = StringIO()
         savestdout = sys.stdout
         sys.stdout = sio
         ip.magic_autopx()
         ip.run_cell('\n'.join(('a=5','b=10','c=0')))
         ip.run_cell('print b')
         ip.run_cell("b/c")
         ip.run_code(compile('b*=2', '', 'single'))
         ip.magic_autopx()
         sys.stdout = savestdout
         output = sio.getvalue().strip()
         self.assertTrue(output.startswith('%autopx enabled'))
         self.assertTrue(output.endswith('%autopx disabled'))
         self.assertFalse('ZeroDivisionError' in output)
         ar = v.get_result(-2)
         self.assertEquals(v['a'], 5)
         self.assertEquals(v['b'], 20)
         self.assertRaisesRemote(ZeroDivisionError, ar.get)
     
     def test_magic_result(self):
         ip = get_ipython()
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.activate()
         v['a'] = 111
         ra = v['a']
         
         ar = ip.magic_result()
         self.assertEquals(ar.msg_ids, [v.history[-1]])
         self.assertEquals(ar.get(), 111)
         ar = ip.magic_result('-2')
         self.assertEquals(ar.msg_ids, [v.history[-2]])
     
     def test_unicode_execute(self):
         """test executing unicode strings"""
         v = self.client[-1]
         v.block=True
         if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
             code="a='é'"
         else:
             code=u"a=u'é'"
         v.execute(code)
         self.assertEquals(v['a'], u'é')
         
     def test_unicode_apply_result(self):
         """test unicode apply results"""
         v = self.client[-1]
         r = v.apply_sync(lambda : u'é')
         self.assertEquals(r, u'é')
     
     def test_unicode_apply_arg(self):
         """test passing unicode arguments to apply"""
         v = self.client[-1]
         
         @interactive
         def check_unicode(a, check):
             assert isinstance(a, unicode), "%r is not unicode"%a
             assert isinstance(check, bytes), "%r is not bytes"%check
             assert a.encode('utf8') == check, "%s != %s"%(a,check)
         
         for s in [ u'é', u'ßø®∫',u'asdf' ]:
             try:
                 v.apply_sync(check_unicode, s, s.encode('utf8'))
             except error.RemoteError as e:
                 if e.ename == 'AssertionError':
                     self.fail(e.evalue)
                 else:
                     raise e
     
     def test_map_reference(self):
         """view.map(<Reference>, *seqs) should work"""
         v = self.client[:]
         v.scatter('n', self.client.ids, flatten=True)
         v.execute("f = lambda x,y: x*y")
         rf = pmod.Reference('f')
         nlist = list(range(10))
         mlist = nlist[::-1]
         expected = [ m*n for m,n in zip(mlist, nlist) ]
         result = v.map_sync(rf, mlist, nlist)
         self.assertEquals(result, expected)
 
     def test_apply_reference(self):
         """view.apply(<Reference>, *args) should work"""
         v = self.client[:]
         v.scatter('n', self.client.ids, flatten=True)
         v.execute("f = lambda x: n*x")
         rf = pmod.Reference('f')
         result = v.apply_sync(rf, 5)
         expected = [ 5*id for id in self.client.ids ]
         self.assertEquals(result, expected)
     
     def test_eval_reference(self):
         v = self.client[self.client.ids[0]]
         v['g'] = range(5)
         rg = pmod.Reference('g[0]')
         echo = lambda x:x
         self.assertEquals(v.apply_sync(echo, rg), 0)
     
     def test_reference_nameerror(self):
         v = self.client[self.client.ids[0]]
         r = pmod.Reference('elvis_has_left')
         echo = lambda x:x
         self.assertRaisesRemote(NameError, v.apply_sync, echo, r)