Allow to deactivate backslash-tab completions

IPython/core/completer.py

@@ -1,1816 +1,1824 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """Completion for IPython.
 
 This module started as fork of the rlcompleter module in the Python standard
 library.  The original enhancements made to rlcompleter have been sent
 upstream and were accepted as of Python 2.3,
 
 This module now support a wide variety of completion mechanism both available
 for normal classic Python code, as well as completer for IPython specific
 Syntax like magics.
 
 Experimental
 ============
 
 Starting with IPython 6.0, this module can make use of the Jedi library to
 generate completions both using static analysis of the code, and dynamically
 inspecting multiple namespaces. The APIs attached to this new mechanism is
 unstable and will raise unless use in an :any:`provisionalcompleter` context
 manager.
 
 You will find that the following are experimental:
 
     - :any:`provisionalcompleter`
     - :any:`IPCompleter.completions`
     - :any:`Completion`
     - :any:`rectify_completions`
 
 .. note::
 
     better name for :any:`rectify_completions` ?
 
 We welcome any feedback on these new API, and we also encourage you to try this
 module in debug mode (start IPython with ``--Completer.debug=True``) in order
 to have extra logging information is :any:`jedi` is crashing, or if current
 IPython completer pending deprecations are returning results not yet handled
 by :any:`jedi`.
 
 Using Jedi for tab completion allow snippets like the following to work without
 having to execute any code:
 
    >>> myvar = ['hello', 42]
    ... myvar[1].bi<tab>
 
 Tab completion will be able to infer that ``myvar[1]`` is a real number without
 executing any code unlike the previously available ``IPCompleter.greedy``
 option.
 
 Be sure to update :any:`jedi` to the latest stable version or to try the
 current development version to get better completions.
 """
 
 # skip module docstests
 skip_doctest = True
 
 # Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 #
 # Some of this code originated from rlcompleter in the Python standard library
 # Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation, www.python.org
 
 
 import __main__
 import builtins as builtin_mod
 import glob
 import time
 import inspect
 import itertools
 import keyword
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 import unicodedata
 import string
 import warnings
 
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from importlib import import_module
 from typing import Iterator, List
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 
 from traitlets.config.configurable import Configurable
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext
 from IPython.core.inputsplitter import ESC_MAGIC
 from IPython.core.latex_symbols import latex_symbols, reverse_latex_symbol
 from IPython.utils import generics
 from IPython.utils.dir2 import dir2, get_real_method
 from IPython.utils.process import arg_split
 from IPython.utils.py3compat import cast_unicode_py2
 from traitlets import Bool, Enum, observe, Int
 
 try:
     import jedi
     import jedi.api.helpers
     JEDI_INSTALLED = True
 except ImportError:
     JEDI_INSTALLED = False
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Public API
 __all__ = ['Completer','IPCompleter']
 
 if sys.platform == 'win32':
     PROTECTABLES = ' '
 else:
     PROTECTABLES = ' ()[]{}?=\\|;:\'#*"^&'
 
 
 _deprecation_readline_sentinel = object()
 
 
 class ProvisionalCompleterWarning(FutureWarning):
     """
     Exception raise by an experimental feature in this module.
 
     Wrap code in :any:`provisionalcompleter` context manager if you
     are certain you want to use an unstable feature.
     """
     pass
 
 warnings.filterwarnings('error', category=ProvisionalCompleterWarning)
 
 @contextmanager
 def provisionalcompleter(action='ignore'):
     """
 
 
     This contest manager has to be used in any place where unstable completer
     behavior and API may be called.
 
     >>> with provisionalcompleter():
     ...     completer.do_experimetal_things() # works
 
     >>> completer.do_experimental_things() # raises.
 
     .. note:: Unstable
 
         By using this context manager you agree that the API in use may change
         without warning, and that you won't complain if they do so.
 
         You also understand that if the API is not to you liking you should report
         a bug to explain your use case upstream and improve the API and will loose
         credibility if you complain after the API is make stable.
 
         We'll be happy to get your feedback , feature request and improvement on
         any of the unstable APIs !
     """
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
         warnings.filterwarnings(action, category=ProvisionalCompleterWarning)
         yield
 
 
 def has_open_quotes(s):
     """Return whether a string has open quotes.
 
     This simply counts whether the number of quote characters of either type in
     the string is odd.
 
     Returns
     -------
     If there is an open quote, the quote character is returned.  Else, return
     False.
     """
     # We check " first, then ', so complex cases with nested quotes will get
     # the " to take precedence.
     if s.count('"') % 2:
         return '"'
     elif s.count("'") % 2:
         return "'"
     else:
         return False
 
 
 def protect_filename(s):
     """Escape a string to protect certain characters."""
     if set(s) & set(PROTECTABLES):
         if sys.platform == "win32":
             return '"' + s + '"'
         else:
             return "".join(("\\" + c if c in PROTECTABLES else c) for c in s)
     else:
         return s
 
 
 def expand_user(path):
     """Expand ``~``-style usernames in strings.
 
     This is similar to :func:`os.path.expanduser`, but it computes and returns
     extra information that will be useful if the input was being used in
     computing completions, and you wish to return the completions with the
     original '~' instead of its expanded value.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     path : str
       String to be expanded.  If no ~ is present, the output is the same as the
       input.
 
     Returns
     -------
     newpath : str
       Result of ~ expansion in the input path.
     tilde_expand : bool
       Whether any expansion was performed or not.
     tilde_val : str
       The value that ~ was replaced with.
     """
     # Default values
     tilde_expand = False
     tilde_val = ''
     newpath = path
 
     if path.startswith('~'):
         tilde_expand = True
         rest = len(path)-1
         newpath = os.path.expanduser(path)
         if rest:
             tilde_val = newpath[:-rest]
         else:
             tilde_val = newpath
 
     return newpath, tilde_expand, tilde_val
 
 
 def compress_user(path, tilde_expand, tilde_val):
     """Does the opposite of expand_user, with its outputs.
     """
     if tilde_expand:
         return path.replace(tilde_val, '~')
     else:
         return path
 
 
 def completions_sorting_key(word):
     """key for sorting completions
 
     This does several things:
 
     - Lowercase all completions, so they are sorted alphabetically with
       upper and lower case words mingled
     - Demote any completions starting with underscores to the end
     - Insert any %magic and %%cellmagic completions in the alphabetical order
       by their name
     """
     # Case insensitive sort
     word = word.lower()
 
     prio1, prio2 = 0, 0
 
     if word.startswith('__'):
         prio1 = 2
     elif word.startswith('_'):
         prio1 = 1
 
     if word.endswith('='):
         prio1 = -1
 
     if word.startswith('%%'):
         # If there's another % in there, this is something else, so leave it alone
         if not "%" in word[2:]:
             word = word[2:]
             prio2 = 2
     elif word.startswith('%'):
         if not "%" in word[1:]:
             word = word[1:]
             prio2 = 1
 
     return prio1, word, prio2
 
 
 class _FakeJediCompletion:
     """
     This is a workaround to communicate to the UI that Jedi has crashed and to
     report a bug. Will be used only id :any:`IPCompleter.debug` is set to true.
 
     Added in IPython 6.0 so should likely be removed for 7.0
 
     """
 
     def __init__(self, name):
 
         self.name = name
         self.complete = name
         self.type = 'crashed'
         self.name_with_symbols = name
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return '<Fake completion object jedi has crashed>'
 
 
 class Completion:
     """
     Completion object used and return by IPython completers.
 
     .. warning:: Unstable
         
         This function is unstable, API may change without warning.
         It will also raise unless use in proper context manager.
 
     This act as a middle ground :any:`Completion` object between the
     :any:`jedi.api.classes.Completion` object and the Prompt Toolkit completion
     object. While Jedi need a lot of information about evaluator and how the
     code should be ran/inspected, PromptToolkit (and other frontend) mostly
     need user facing information.
 
     - Which range should be replaced replaced by what.
     - Some metadata (like completion type), or meta informations to displayed to
       the use user.
 
     For debugging purpose we can also store the origin of the completion (``jedi``,
     ``IPython.python_matches``, ``IPython.magics_matches``...).
     """
 
     def __init__(self, start: int, end: int, text: str, *, type: str=None, _origin=''):
         warnings.warn("``Completion`` is a provisional API (as of IPython 6.0). "
                       "It may change without warnings. "
                       "Use in corresponding context manager.",
                       category=ProvisionalCompleterWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
         self.start = start
         self.end = end
         self.text = text
         self.type = type
         self._origin = _origin
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return '<Completion start=%s end=%s text=%r type=%r>' % (self.start, self.end, self.text, self.type or '?')
 
     def __eq__(self, other)->Bool:
         """
         Equality and hash do not hash the type (as some completer may not be
         able to infer the type), but are use to (partially) de-duplicate
         completion.
 
         Completely de-duplicating completion is a bit tricker that just
         comparing as it depends on surrounding text, which Completions are not
         aware of.
         """
         return self.start == other.start and \
             self.end == other.end and \
             self.text == other.text
 
     def __hash__(self):
         return hash((self.start, self.end, self.text))
 
 
 _IC = Iterator[Completion]
 
 
 def _deduplicate_completions(text: str, completions: _IC)-> _IC:
     """
     Deduplicate a set of completions.
 
     .. warning:: Unstable
 
         This function is unstable, API may change without warning.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     text: str
         text that should be completed.
     completions: Iterator[Completion]
         iterator over the completions to deduplicate
 
 
     Completions coming from multiple sources, may be different but end up having
     the same effect when applied to ``text``. If this is the case, this will
     consider completions as equal and only emit the first encountered.
 
     Not folded in `completions()` yet for debugging purpose, and to detect when
     the IPython completer does return things that Jedi does not, but should be
     at some point.
     """
     completions = list(completions)
     if not completions:
         return
 
     new_start = min(c.start for c in completions)
     new_end = max(c.end for c in completions)
 
     seen = set()
     for c in completions:
         new_text = text[new_start:c.start] + c.text + text[c.end:new_end]
         if new_text not in seen:
             yield c
             seen.add(new_text)
 
 
 def rectify_completions(text: str, completions: _IC, *, _debug=False)->_IC:
     """
     Rectify a set of completions to all have the same ``start`` and ``end``
 
     .. warning:: Unstable
 
         This function is unstable, API may change without warning.
         It will also raise unless use in proper context manager.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     text: str
         text that should be completed.
     completions: Iterator[Completion]
         iterator over the completions to rectify
 
 
     :any:`jedi.api.classes.Completion` s returned by Jedi may not have the same start and end, though
     the Jupyter Protocol requires them to behave like so. This will readjust
     the completion to have the same ``start`` and ``end` by padding both
     extremities with surrounding text.
 
     During stabilisation should support a ``_debug`` option to log which
     completion are return by the IPython completer and not found in Jedi in
     order to make upstream bug report.
     """
     warnings.warn("`rectify_completions` is a provisional API (as of IPython 6.0). "
                  "It may change without warnings. "
                  "Use in corresponding context manager.",
                   category=ProvisionalCompleterWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
     completions = list(completion)
     if not completions:
         return
     starts = (c.start for c in completions)
     ends = (c.end for c in completions)
 
     new_start = min(starts)
     new_end = max(ends)
 
     seen_jedi = set()
     seen_python_matches = set()
     for c in completions:
         new_text = text[new_start:c.start] + c.text + text[c.end:new_end]
         if c._origin == 'jedi':
             seen_jedi.add(new_text)
         elif c._origin == 'IPCompleter.python_matches':
             seen_python_matches.add(new_text)
         yield Completion(new_start, new_end, new_text, type=c.type, _origin=c._origin)
     diff = seen_python_matches.difference(seen_jedi)
     if diff and _debug:
         print('IPython.python matches have extras:', diff)
 
 
 if sys.platform == 'win32':
     DELIMS = ' \t\n`!@#$^&*()=+[{]}|;\'",<>?'
 else:
     DELIMS = ' \t\n`!@#$^&*()=+[{]}\\|;:\'",<>?'
 
 GREEDY_DELIMS = ' =\r\n'
 
 
 class CompletionSplitter(object):
     """An object to split an input line in a manner similar to readline.
 
     By having our own implementation, we can expose readline-like completion in
     a uniform manner to all frontends.  This object only needs to be given the
     line of text to be split and the cursor position on said line, and it
     returns the 'word' to be completed on at the cursor after splitting the
     entire line.
 
     What characters are used as splitting delimiters can be controlled by
     setting the ``delims`` attribute (this is a property that internally
     automatically builds the necessary regular expression)"""
 
     # Private interface
 
     # A string of delimiter characters.  The default value makes sense for
     # IPython's most typical usage patterns.
     _delims = DELIMS
 
     # The expression (a normal string) to be compiled into a regular expression
     # for actual splitting.  We store it as an attribute mostly for ease of
     # debugging, since this type of code can be so tricky to debug.
     _delim_expr = None
 
     # The regular expression that does the actual splitting
     _delim_re = None
 
     def __init__(self, delims=None):
         delims = CompletionSplitter._delims if delims is None else delims
         self.delims = delims
 
     @property
     def delims(self):
         """Return the string of delimiter characters."""
         return self._delims
 
     @delims.setter
     def delims(self, delims):
         """Set the delimiters for line splitting."""
         expr = '[' + ''.join('\\'+ c for c in delims) + ']'
         self._delim_re = re.compile(expr)
         self._delims = delims
         self._delim_expr = expr
 
     def split_line(self, line, cursor_pos=None):
         """Split a line of text with a cursor at the given position.
         """
         l = line if cursor_pos is None else line[:cursor_pos]
         return self._delim_re.split(l)[-1]
 
 
 
 class Completer(Configurable):
 
     greedy = Bool(False,
         help="""Activate greedy completion
         PENDING DEPRECTION. this is now mostly taken care of with Jedi.
 
         This will enable completion on elements of lists, results of function calls, etc.,
         but can be unsafe because the code is actually evaluated on TAB.
         """
     ).tag(config=True)
 
     use_jedi = Bool(default_value=JEDI_INSTALLED,
                     help="Experimental: Use Jedi to generate autocompletions. "
                     "Default to True if jedi is installed").tag(config=True)
 
     jedi_compute_type_timeout = Int(default_value=400,
         help="""Experimental: restrict time (in milliseconds) during which Jedi can compute types.
         Set to 0 to stop computing types. Non-zero value lower than 100ms may hurt
         performance by preventing jedi to build its cache.
         """).tag(config=True)
 
     debug = Bool(default_value=False,
                  help='Enable debug for the Completer. Mostly print extra '
                       'information for experimental jedi integration.')\
                       .tag(config=True)
 
+    backslash_combining_completions = Bool(default=True, 
+        help="Control whether or not `\\thins<tab>` will attempt to rewrite using unicode"
+             "that include completion of latex commands, unicode, or re-expand "
+             "unicode to their ascii form").tag(config=True)
+
+
 
     def __init__(self, namespace=None, global_namespace=None, **kwargs):
         """Create a new completer for the command line.
 
         Completer(namespace=ns, global_namespace=ns2) -> completer instance.
 
         If unspecified, the default namespace where completions are performed
         is __main__ (technically, __main__.__dict__). Namespaces should be
         given as dictionaries.
 
         An optional second namespace can be given.  This allows the completer
         to handle cases where both the local and global scopes need to be
         distinguished.
         """
 
         # Don't bind to namespace quite yet, but flag whether the user wants a
         # specific namespace or to use __main__.__dict__. This will allow us
         # to bind to __main__.__dict__ at completion time, not now.
         if namespace is None:
             self.use_main_ns = True
         else:
             self.use_main_ns = False
             self.namespace = namespace
 
         # The global namespace, if given, can be bound directly
         if global_namespace is None:
             self.global_namespace = {}
         else:
             self.global_namespace = global_namespace
 
         super(Completer, self).__init__(**kwargs)
 
     def complete(self, text, state):
         """Return the next possible completion for 'text'.
 
         This is called successively with state == 0, 1, 2, ... until it
         returns None.  The completion should begin with 'text'.
 
         """
         if self.use_main_ns:
             self.namespace = __main__.__dict__
 
         if state == 0:
             if "." in text:
                 self.matches = self.attr_matches(text)
             else:
                 self.matches = self.global_matches(text)
         try:
             return self.matches[state]
         except IndexError:
             return None
 
     def global_matches(self, text):
         """Compute matches when text is a simple name.
 
         Return a list of all keywords, built-in functions and names currently
         defined in self.namespace or self.global_namespace that match.
 
         """
         matches = []
         match_append = matches.append
         n = len(text)
         for lst in [keyword.kwlist,
                     builtin_mod.__dict__.keys(),
                     self.namespace.keys(),
                     self.global_namespace.keys()]:
             for word in lst:
                 if word[:n] == text and word != "__builtins__":
                     match_append(word)
         return [cast_unicode_py2(m) for m in matches]
 
     def attr_matches(self, text):
         """Compute matches when text contains a dot.
 
         Assuming the text is of the form NAME.NAME....[NAME], and is
         evaluatable in self.namespace or self.global_namespace, it will be
         evaluated and its attributes (as revealed by dir()) are used as
         possible completions.  (For class instances, class members are are
         also considered.)
 
         WARNING: this can still invoke arbitrary C code, if an object
         with a __getattr__ hook is evaluated.
 
         """
 
         # Another option, seems to work great. Catches things like ''.<tab>
         m = re.match(r"(\S+(\.\w+)*)\.(\w*)$", text)
     
         if m:
             expr, attr = m.group(1, 3)
         elif self.greedy:
             m2 = re.match(r"(.+)\.(\w*)$", self.line_buffer)
             if not m2:
                 return []
             expr, attr = m2.group(1,2)
         else:
             return []
     
         try:
             obj = eval(expr, self.namespace)
         except:
             try:
                 obj = eval(expr, self.global_namespace)
             except:
                 return []
 
         if self.limit_to__all__ and hasattr(obj, '__all__'):
             words = get__all__entries(obj)
         else:
             words = dir2(obj)
 
         try:
             words = generics.complete_object(obj, words)
         except TryNext:
             pass
         except AssertionError:
             raise
         except Exception:
             # Silence errors from completion function
             #raise # dbg
             pass
         # Build match list to return
         n = len(attr)
         return [u"%s.%s" % (expr, w) for w in words if w[:n] == attr ]
 
 
 def get__all__entries(obj):
     """returns the strings in the __all__ attribute"""
     try:
         words = getattr(obj, '__all__')
     except:
         return []
  
     return [cast_unicode_py2(w) for w in words if isinstance(w, str)]
 
 
 def match_dict_keys(keys: List[str], prefix: str, delims: str):
     """Used by dict_key_matches, matching the prefix to a list of keys
 
     Parameters
     ==========
         keys:
             list of keys in dictionary currently being completed.
         prefix:
             Part of the text already typed by the user. e.g. `mydict[b'fo`
         delims:
             String of delimiters to consider when finding the current key.
 
     Returns
     =======
 
     A tuple of three elements: ``quote``, ``token_start``, ``matched``, with
     ``quote`` being the quote that need to be used to close current string.
     ``token_start`` the position where the replacement should start occurring,
     ``matches`` a list of replacement/completion
 
     """
     if not prefix:
         return None, 0, [repr(k) for k in keys
                       if isinstance(k, (str, bytes))]
     quote_match = re.search('["\']', prefix)
     quote = quote_match.group()
     try:
         prefix_str = eval(prefix + quote, {})
     except Exception:
         return None, 0, []
 
     pattern = '[^' + ''.join('\\' + c for c in delims) + ']*$'
     token_match = re.search(pattern, prefix, re.UNICODE)
     token_start = token_match.start()
     token_prefix = token_match.group()
 
     matched = []
     for key in keys:
         try:
             if not key.startswith(prefix_str):
                 continue
         except (AttributeError, TypeError, UnicodeError):
             # Python 3+ TypeError on b'a'.startswith('a') or vice-versa
             continue
 
         # reformat remainder of key to begin with prefix
         rem = key[len(prefix_str):]
         # force repr wrapped in '
         rem_repr = repr(rem + '"') if isinstance(rem, str) else repr(rem + b'"')
         if rem_repr.startswith('u') and prefix[0] not in 'uU':
             # Found key is unicode, but prefix is Py2 string.
             # Therefore attempt to interpret key as string.
             try:
                 rem_repr = repr(rem.encode('ascii') + '"')
             except UnicodeEncodeError:
                 continue
 
         rem_repr = rem_repr[1 + rem_repr.index("'"):-2]
         if quote == '"':
             # The entered prefix is quoted with ",
             # but the match is quoted with '.
             # A contained " hence needs escaping for comparison:
             rem_repr = rem_repr.replace('"', '\\"')
 
         # then reinsert prefix from start of token
         matched.append('%s%s' % (token_prefix, rem_repr))
     return quote, token_start, matched
 
 
 def cursor_to_position(text:int, line:int, column:int)->int:
     """
 
     Convert the (line,column) position of the cursor in text to an offset in a
     string.
 
     Parameter
     ---------
 
     text : str
         The text in which to calculate the cursor offset
     line : int
         Line of the cursor; 0-indexed
     column : int
         Column of the cursor 0-indexed
 
     Return
     ------
         Position of the cursor in ``text``, 0-indexed.
 
     See Also
     --------
     position_to_cursor: reciprocal of this function
 
     """
     lines = text.split('\n')
     assert line <= len(lines), '{} <= {}'.format(str(line), str(len(lines)))
 
     return sum(len(l) + 1 for l in lines[:line]) + column
 
 def position_to_cursor(text:str, offset:int)->(int, int):
     """
     Convert the position of the cursor in text (0 indexed) to a line
     number(0-indexed) and a column number (0-indexed) pair
 
     Position should be a valid position in ``text``.
 
     Parameter
     ---------
 
     text : str
         The text in which to calculate the cursor offset
     offset : int
         Position of the cursor in ``text``, 0-indexed.
 
     Return
     ------
     (line, column) : (int, int)
         Line of the cursor; 0-indexed, column of the cursor 0-indexed
 
 
     See Also
     --------
     cursor_to_position : reciprocal of this function
 
 
     """
 
     assert 0 < offset <= len(text) , "0 < %s <= %s" % (offset , len(text))
 
     before = text[:offset]
     blines = before.split('\n')  # ! splitnes trim trailing \n
     line = before.count('\n')
     col = len(blines[-1])
     return line, col
 
 
 def _safe_isinstance(obj, module, class_name):
     """Checks if obj is an instance of module.class_name if loaded
     """
     return (module in sys.modules and
             isinstance(obj, getattr(import_module(module), class_name)))
 
 
 def back_unicode_name_matches(text):
     u"""Match unicode characters back to unicode name
     
     This does  ``☃`` -> ``\\snowman``
 
     Note that snowman is not a valid python3 combining character but will be expanded.
     Though it will not recombine back to the snowman character by the completion machinery.
 
     This will not either back-complete standard sequences like \\n, \\b ...
     
     Used on Python 3 only.
     """
     if len(text)<2:
         return u'', ()
     maybe_slash = text[-2]
     if maybe_slash != '\\':
         return u'', ()
 
     char = text[-1]
     # no expand on quote for completion in strings.
     # nor backcomplete standard ascii keys
     if char in string.ascii_letters or char in ['"',"'"]:
         return u'', ()
     try :
         unic = unicodedata.name(char)
         return '\\'+char,['\\'+unic]
     except KeyError:
         pass
     return u'', ()
 
 def back_latex_name_matches(text:str):
     """Match latex characters back to unicode name
     
     This does ``\\ℵ`` -> ``\\aleph``
 
     Used on Python 3 only.
     """
     if len(text)<2:
         return u'', ()
     maybe_slash = text[-2]
     if maybe_slash != '\\':
         return u'', ()
 
 
     char = text[-1]
     # no expand on quote for completion in strings.
     # nor backcomplete standard ascii keys
     if char in string.ascii_letters or char in ['"',"'"]:
         return u'', ()
     try :
         latex = reverse_latex_symbol[char]
         # '\\' replace the \ as well
         return '\\'+char,[latex]
     except KeyError:
         pass
     return u'', ()
 
 
 class IPCompleter(Completer):
     """Extension of the completer class with IPython-specific features"""
     
     @observe('greedy')
     def _greedy_changed(self, change):
         """update the splitter and readline delims when greedy is changed"""
         if change['new']:
             self.splitter.delims = GREEDY_DELIMS
         else:
             self.splitter.delims = DELIMS
     
     merge_completions = Bool(True,
         help="""Whether to merge completion results into a single list
         
         If False, only the completion results from the first non-empty
         completer will be returned.
         """
     ).tag(config=True)
     omit__names = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=2,
         help="""Instruct the completer to omit private method names
         
         Specifically, when completing on ``object.<tab>``.
         
         When 2 [default]: all names that start with '_' will be excluded.
         
         When 1: all 'magic' names (``__foo__``) will be excluded.
         
         When 0: nothing will be excluded.
         """
     ).tag(config=True)
     limit_to__all__ = Bool(False,
         help="""
         DEPRECATED as of version 5.0.
         
         Instruct the completer to use __all__ for the completion
         
         Specifically, when completing on ``object.<tab>``.
         
         When True: only those names in obj.__all__ will be included.
         
         When False [default]: the __all__ attribute is ignored
         """,
     ).tag(config=True)
 
     @observe('limit_to__all__')
     def _limit_to_all_changed(self, change):
         warnings.warn('`IPython.core.IPCompleter.limit_to__all__` configuration '
             'value has been deprecated since IPython 5.0, will be made to have '
             'no effects and then removed in future version of IPython.',
             UserWarning)
 
     def __init__(self, shell=None, namespace=None, global_namespace=None,
                  use_readline=_deprecation_readline_sentinel, config=None, **kwargs):
         """IPCompleter() -> completer
 
         Return a completer object.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
 
         shell
             a pointer to the ipython shell itself.  This is needed
             because this completer knows about magic functions, and those can
             only be accessed via the ipython instance.
 
         namespace : dict, optional
             an optional dict where completions are performed.
 
         global_namespace : dict, optional
             secondary optional dict for completions, to
             handle cases (such as IPython embedded inside functions) where
             both Python scopes are visible.
        
         use_readline : bool, optional
             DEPRECATED, ignored since IPython 6.0, will have no effects
         """
 
         self.magic_escape = ESC_MAGIC
         self.splitter = CompletionSplitter()
 
         if use_readline is not _deprecation_readline_sentinel:
             warnings.warn('The `use_readline` parameter is deprecated and ignored since IPython 6.0.',
                           DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
         # _greedy_changed() depends on splitter and readline being defined:
         Completer.__init__(self, namespace=namespace, global_namespace=global_namespace,
                             config=config, **kwargs)
 
         # List where completion matches will be stored
         self.matches = []
         self.shell = shell
         # Regexp to split filenames with spaces in them
         self.space_name_re = re.compile(r'([^\\] )')
         # Hold a local ref. to glob.glob for speed
         self.glob = glob.glob
 
         # Determine if we are running on 'dumb' terminals, like (X)Emacs
         # buffers, to avoid completion problems.
         term = os.environ.get('TERM','xterm')
         self.dumb_terminal = term in ['dumb','emacs']
 
         # Special handling of backslashes needed in win32 platforms
         if sys.platform == "win32":
             self.clean_glob = self._clean_glob_win32
         else:
             self.clean_glob = self._clean_glob
 
         #regexp to parse docstring for function signature
         self.docstring_sig_re = re.compile(r'^[\w|\s.]+\(([^)]*)\).*')
         self.docstring_kwd_re = re.compile(r'[\s|\[]*(\w+)(?:\s*=\s*.*)')
         #use this if positional argument name is also needed
         #= re.compile(r'[\s|\[]*(\w+)(?:\s*=?\s*.*)')
 
         # All active matcher routines for completion
         self.matchers = [
                          self.python_matches,
                          self.file_matches,
                          self.magic_matches,
                          self.python_func_kw_matches,
                          self.dict_key_matches,
                          ]
 
         # This is set externally by InteractiveShell
         self.custom_completers = None
 
     def all_completions(self, text):
         """
         Wrapper around the complete method for the benefit of emacs.
         """
         return self.complete(text)[1]
 
     def _clean_glob(self, text):
         return self.glob("%s*" % text)
 
     def _clean_glob_win32(self,text):
         return [f.replace("\\","/")
                 for f in self.glob("%s*" % text)]
 
     def file_matches(self, text):
         """Match filenames, expanding ~USER type strings.
 
         Most of the seemingly convoluted logic in this completer is an
         attempt to handle filenames with spaces in them.  And yet it's not
         quite perfect, because Python's readline doesn't expose all of the
         GNU readline details needed for this to be done correctly.
 
         For a filename with a space in it, the printed completions will be
         only the parts after what's already been typed (instead of the
         full completions, as is normally done).  I don't think with the
         current (as of Python 2.3) Python readline it's possible to do
         better."""
 
         # chars that require escaping with backslash - i.e. chars
         # that readline treats incorrectly as delimiters, but we
         # don't want to treat as delimiters in filename matching
         # when escaped with backslash
         if text.startswith('!'):
             text = text[1:]
             text_prefix = u'!'
         else:
             text_prefix = u''
 
         text_until_cursor = self.text_until_cursor
         # track strings with open quotes
         open_quotes = has_open_quotes(text_until_cursor)
 
         if '(' in text_until_cursor or '[' in text_until_cursor:
             lsplit = text
         else:
             try:
                 # arg_split ~ shlex.split, but with unicode bugs fixed by us
                 lsplit = arg_split(text_until_cursor)[-1]
             except ValueError:
                 # typically an unmatched ", or backslash without escaped char.
                 if open_quotes:
                     lsplit = text_until_cursor.split(open_quotes)[-1]
                 else:
                     return []
             except IndexError:
                 # tab pressed on empty line
                 lsplit = ""
 
         if not open_quotes and lsplit != protect_filename(lsplit):
             # if protectables are found, do matching on the whole escaped name
             has_protectables = True
             text0,text = text,lsplit
         else:
             has_protectables = False
             text = os.path.expanduser(text)
 
         if text == "":
             return [text_prefix + cast_unicode_py2(protect_filename(f)) for f in self.glob("*")]
 
         # Compute the matches from the filesystem
         if sys.platform == 'win32':
             m0 = self.clean_glob(text)
         else:
             m0 = self.clean_glob(text.replace('\\', ''))
 
         if has_protectables:
             # If we had protectables, we need to revert our changes to the
             # beginning of filename so that we don't double-write the part
             # of the filename we have so far
             len_lsplit = len(lsplit)
             matches = [text_prefix + text0 +
                        protect_filename(f[len_lsplit:]) for f in m0]
         else:
             if open_quotes:
                 # if we have a string with an open quote, we don't need to
                 # protect the names at all (and we _shouldn't_, as it
                 # would cause bugs when the filesystem call is made).
                 matches = m0
             else:
                 matches = [text_prefix +
                            protect_filename(f) for f in m0]
 
         # Mark directories in input list by appending '/' to their names.
         return [cast_unicode_py2(x+'/') if os.path.isdir(x) else x for x in matches]
 
     def magic_matches(self, text):
         """Match magics"""
         # Get all shell magics now rather than statically, so magics loaded at
         # runtime show up too.
         lsm = self.shell.magics_manager.lsmagic()
         line_magics = lsm['line']
         cell_magics = lsm['cell']
         pre = self.magic_escape
         pre2 = pre+pre
         
         # Completion logic:
         # - user gives %%: only do cell magics
         # - user gives %: do both line and cell magics
         # - no prefix: do both
         # In other words, line magics are skipped if the user gives %% explicitly
         bare_text = text.lstrip(pre)
         comp = [ pre2+m for m in cell_magics if m.startswith(bare_text)]
         if not text.startswith(pre2):
             comp += [ pre+m for m in line_magics if m.startswith(bare_text)]
         return [cast_unicode_py2(c) for c in comp]
 
     def _jedi_matches(self, cursor_column:int, cursor_line:int, text:str):
         """
 
         Return a list of :any:`jedi.api.Completions` object from a ``text`` and
         cursor position.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         cursor_column : int
             column position of the cursor in ``text``, 0-indexed.
         cursor_line : int
             line position of the cursor in ``text``, 0-indexed
         text : str
             text to complete
 
         Debugging
         ---------
 
         If ``IPCompleter.debug`` is ``True`` may return a :any:`_FakeJediCompletion`
         object containing a string with the Jedi debug information attached.
         """
         namespaces = [self.namespace]
         if self.global_namespace is not None:
             namespaces.append(self.global_namespace)
 
         # cursor_pos is an it, jedi wants line and column
         offset = cursor_to_position(text, cursor_line, cursor_column)
         if offset:
             pre = text[offset-1]
         completion_filter = lambda x:x
         if pre == '.':
             if self.omit__names == 2:
                 completion_filter = lambda c:not c.name.startswith('_')
             elif self.omit__names == 1:
                 completion_filter = lambda c:not (c.name.startswith('__') and c.name.endswith('__'))
             elif self.omit__names == 0:
                 completion_filter = lambda x:x
             else:
                 raise ValueError("Don't understand self.omit__names == {}".format(self.omit__names))
 
         interpreter = jedi.Interpreter(
             text, namespaces, column=cursor_column, line=cursor_line + 1)
 
         try_jedi = False
 
         try:
             # should we check the type of the node is Error ?
             from jedi.parser.tree import ErrorLeaf
             next_to_last_tree = interpreter._get_module().tree_node.children[-2]
             completing_string = False
             if isinstance(next_to_last_tree, ErrorLeaf):
                 completing_string = interpreter._get_module().tree_node.children[-2].value[0] in {'"', "'"}
             # if we are in a string jedi is likely not the right candidate for
             # now. Skip it.
             try_jedi = not completing_string
         except Exception as e:
             # many of things can go wrong, we are using private API just don't crash.
             if self.debug:
                 print("Error detecting if completing a non-finished string :", e, '|')
 
         if not try_jedi:
             return []
         try:
             return filter(completion_filter, interpreter.completions())
         except Exception as e:
             if self.debug:
                 return [_FakeJediCompletion('Opps Jedi has crash please report a bug with the following:\n"""\n%s\ns"""' % (e))]
             else:
                 return []
 
     def python_matches(self, text):
         """Match attributes or global python names"""
         if "." in text:
             try:
                 matches = self.attr_matches(text)
                 if text.endswith('.') and self.omit__names:
                     if self.omit__names == 1:
                         # true if txt is _not_ a __ name, false otherwise:
                         no__name = (lambda txt:
                                     re.match(r'.*\.__.*?__',txt) is None)
                     else:
                         # true if txt is _not_ a _ name, false otherwise:
                         no__name = (lambda txt:
                                     re.match(r'\._.*?',txt[txt.rindex('.'):]) is None)
                     matches = filter(no__name, matches)
             except NameError:
                 # catches <undefined attributes>.<tab>
                 matches = []
         else:
             matches = self.global_matches(text)
         return matches
 
     def _default_arguments_from_docstring(self, doc):
         """Parse the first line of docstring for call signature.
 
         Docstring should be of the form 'min(iterable[, key=func])\n'.
         It can also parse cython docstring of the form
         'Minuit.migrad(self, int ncall=10000, resume=True, int nsplit=1)'.
         """
         if doc is None:
             return []
 
         #care only the firstline
         line = doc.lstrip().splitlines()[0]
 
         #p = re.compile(r'^[\w|\s.]+\(([^)]*)\).*')
         #'min(iterable[, key=func])\n' -> 'iterable[, key=func]'
         sig = self.docstring_sig_re.search(line)
         if sig is None:
             return []
         # iterable[, key=func]' -> ['iterable[' ,' key=func]']
         sig = sig.groups()[0].split(',')
         ret = []
         for s in sig:
             #re.compile(r'[\s|\[]*(\w+)(?:\s*=\s*.*)')
             ret += self.docstring_kwd_re.findall(s)
         return ret
 
     def _default_arguments(self, obj):
         """Return the list of default arguments of obj if it is callable,
         or empty list otherwise."""
         call_obj = obj
         ret = []
         if inspect.isbuiltin(obj):
             pass
         elif not (inspect.isfunction(obj) or inspect.ismethod(obj)):
             if inspect.isclass(obj):
                 #for cython embededsignature=True the constructor docstring
                 #belongs to the object itself not __init__
                 ret += self._default_arguments_from_docstring(
                             getattr(obj, '__doc__', ''))
                 # for classes, check for __init__,__new__
                 call_obj = (getattr(obj, '__init__', None) or
                        getattr(obj, '__new__', None))
             # for all others, check if they are __call__able
             elif hasattr(obj, '__call__'):
                 call_obj = obj.__call__
         ret += self._default_arguments_from_docstring(
                  getattr(call_obj, '__doc__', ''))
 
         _keeps = (inspect.Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY,
                   inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)
 
         try:
             sig = inspect.signature(call_obj)
             ret.extend(k for k, v in sig.parameters.items() if
                        v.kind in _keeps)
         except ValueError:
             pass
 
         return list(set(ret))
 
     def python_func_kw_matches(self,text):
         """Match named parameters (kwargs) of the last open function"""
 
         if "." in text: # a parameter cannot be dotted
             return []
         try: regexp = self.__funcParamsRegex
         except AttributeError:
             regexp = self.__funcParamsRegex = re.compile(r'''
                 '.*?(?<!\\)' |    # single quoted strings or
                 ".*?(?<!\\)" |    # double quoted strings or
                 \w+          |    # identifier
                 \S                # other characters
                 ''', re.VERBOSE | re.DOTALL)
         # 1. find the nearest identifier that comes before an unclosed
         # parenthesis before the cursor
         # e.g. for "foo (1+bar(x), pa<cursor>,a=1)", the candidate is "foo"
         tokens = regexp.findall(self.text_until_cursor)
         iterTokens = reversed(tokens); openPar = 0
 
         for token in iterTokens:
             if token == ')':
                 openPar -= 1
             elif token == '(':
                 openPar += 1
                 if openPar > 0:
                     # found the last unclosed parenthesis
                     break
         else:
             return []
         # 2. Concatenate dotted names ("foo.bar" for "foo.bar(x, pa" )
         ids = []
         isId = re.compile(r'\w+$').match
 
         while True:
             try:
                 ids.append(next(iterTokens))
                 if not isId(ids[-1]):
                     ids.pop(); break
                 if not next(iterTokens) == '.':
                     break
             except StopIteration:
                 break
 
         # Find all named arguments already assigned to, as to avoid suggesting
         # them again
         usedNamedArgs = set()
         par_level = -1
         for token, next_token in zip(tokens, tokens[1:]):
             if token == '(':
                 par_level += 1
             elif token == ')':
                 par_level -= 1
 
             if par_level != 0:
                 continue
 
             if next_token != '=':
                 continue
 
             usedNamedArgs.add(token)
 
         # lookup the candidate callable matches either using global_matches
         # or attr_matches for dotted names
         if len(ids) == 1:
             callableMatches = self.global_matches(ids[0])
         else:
             callableMatches = self.attr_matches('.'.join(ids[::-1]))
         argMatches = []
         for callableMatch in callableMatches:
             try:
                 namedArgs = self._default_arguments(eval(callableMatch,
                                                         self.namespace))
             except:
                 continue
 
             # Remove used named arguments from the list, no need to show twice
             for namedArg in set(namedArgs) - usedNamedArgs:
                 if namedArg.startswith(text):
                     argMatches.append(u"%s=" %namedArg)
         return argMatches
 
     def dict_key_matches(self, text):
         "Match string keys in a dictionary, after e.g. 'foo[' "
         def get_keys(obj):
             # Objects can define their own completions by defining an
             # _ipy_key_completions_() method.
             method = get_real_method(obj, '_ipython_key_completions_')
             if method is not None:
                 return method()
 
             # Special case some common in-memory dict-like types
             if isinstance(obj, dict) or\
                _safe_isinstance(obj, 'pandas', 'DataFrame'):
                 try:
                     return list(obj.keys())
                 except Exception:
                     return []
             elif _safe_isinstance(obj, 'numpy', 'ndarray') or\
                  _safe_isinstance(obj, 'numpy', 'void'):
                 return obj.dtype.names or []
             return []
 
         try:
             regexps = self.__dict_key_regexps
         except AttributeError:
             dict_key_re_fmt = r'''(?x)
             (  # match dict-referring expression wrt greedy setting
                 %s
             )
             \[   # open bracket
             \s*  # and optional whitespace
             ([uUbB]?  # string prefix (r not handled)
                 (?:   # unclosed string
                     '(?:[^']|(?<!\\)\\')*
                 |
                     "(?:[^"]|(?<!\\)\\")*
                 )
             )?
             $
             '''
             regexps = self.__dict_key_regexps = {
                 False: re.compile(dict_key_re_fmt % '''
                                   # identifiers separated by .
                                   (?!\d)\w+
                                   (?:\.(?!\d)\w+)*
                                   '''),
                 True: re.compile(dict_key_re_fmt % '''
                                  .+
                                  ''')
             }
 
         match = regexps[self.greedy].search(self.text_until_cursor)
         if match is None:
             return []
 
         expr, prefix = match.groups()
         try:
             obj = eval(expr, self.namespace)
         except Exception:
             try:
                 obj = eval(expr, self.global_namespace)
             except Exception:
                 return []
 
         keys = get_keys(obj)
         if not keys:
             return keys
         closing_quote, token_offset, matches = match_dict_keys(keys, prefix, self.splitter.delims)
         if not matches:
             return matches
         
         # get the cursor position of
         # - the text being completed
         # - the start of the key text
         # - the start of the completion
         text_start = len(self.text_until_cursor) - len(text)
         if prefix:
             key_start = match.start(2)
             completion_start = key_start + token_offset
         else:
             key_start = completion_start = match.end()
         
         # grab the leading prefix, to make sure all completions start with `text`
         if text_start > key_start:
             leading = ''
         else:
             leading = text[text_start:completion_start]
         
         # the index of the `[` character
         bracket_idx = match.end(1)
 
         # append closing quote and bracket as appropriate
         # this is *not* appropriate if the opening quote or bracket is outside
         # the text given to this method
         suf = ''
         continuation = self.line_buffer[len(self.text_until_cursor):]
         if key_start > text_start and closing_quote:
             # quotes were opened inside text, maybe close them
             if continuation.startswith(closing_quote):
                 continuation = continuation[len(closing_quote):]
             else:
                 suf += closing_quote
         if bracket_idx > text_start:
             # brackets were opened inside text, maybe close them
             if not continuation.startswith(']'):
                 suf += ']'
         
         return [leading + k + suf for k in matches]
 
     def unicode_name_matches(self, text):
         u"""Match Latex-like syntax for unicode characters base
         on the name of the character.
         
         This does  ``\\GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA`` -> ``η``
 
         Works only on valid python 3 identifier, or on combining characters that
         will combine to form a valid identifier.
         
         Used on Python 3 only.
         """
         slashpos = text.rfind('\\')
         if slashpos > -1:
             s = text[slashpos+1:]
             try :
                 unic = unicodedata.lookup(s)
                 # allow combining chars
                 if ('a'+unic).isidentifier():
                     return '\\'+s,[unic]
             except KeyError:
                 pass
         return u'', []
 
 
     def latex_matches(self, text):
         u"""Match Latex syntax for unicode characters.
         
         This does both ``\\alp`` -> ``\\alpha`` and ``\\alpha`` -> ``α``
 
         Used on Python 3 only.
         """
         slashpos = text.rfind('\\')
         if slashpos > -1:
             s = text[slashpos:]
             if s in latex_symbols:
                 # Try to complete a full latex symbol to unicode
                 # \\alpha -> α
                 return s, [latex_symbols[s]]
             else:
                 # If a user has partially typed a latex symbol, give them
                 # a full list of options \al -> [\aleph, \alpha]
                 matches = [k for k in latex_symbols if k.startswith(s)]
                 return s, matches
         return u'', []
 
     def dispatch_custom_completer(self, text):
         if not self.custom_completers:
             return
 
         line = self.line_buffer
         if not line.strip():
             return None
 
         # Create a little structure to pass all the relevant information about
         # the current completion to any custom completer.
         event = SimpleNamespace()
         event.line = line
         event.symbol = text
         cmd = line.split(None,1)[0]
         event.command = cmd
         event.text_until_cursor = self.text_until_cursor
 
         # for foo etc, try also to find completer for %foo
         if not cmd.startswith(self.magic_escape):
             try_magic = self.custom_completers.s_matches(
                 self.magic_escape + cmd)
         else:
             try_magic = []
 
         for c in itertools.chain(self.custom_completers.s_matches(cmd),
                  try_magic,
                  self.custom_completers.flat_matches(self.text_until_cursor)):
             try:
                 res = c(event)
                 if res:
                     # first, try case sensitive match
                     withcase = [cast_unicode_py2(r) for r in res if r.startswith(text)]
                     if withcase:
                         return withcase
                     # if none, then case insensitive ones are ok too
                     text_low = text.lower()
                     return [cast_unicode_py2(r) for r in res if r.lower().startswith(text_low)]
             except TryNext:
                 pass
 
         return None
 
     def completions(self, text: str, offset: int)->Iterator[Completion]:
         """
         Returns an iterator over the possible completions
 
         .. warning:: Unstable
             
             This function is unstable, API may change without warning.
             It will also raise unless use in proper context manager.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         
         text:str
             Full text of the current input, multi line string.
         offset:int
             Integer representing the position of the cursor in ``text``. Offset
             is 0-based indexed.
 
         Yields
         ------
             :any:`Completion` object
 
 
         The cursor on a text can either be seen as being "in between"
         characters or "On" a character depending on the interface visible to
         the user. For consistency the cursor being on "in between" characters X
         and Y is equivalent to the cursor being "on" character Y, that is to say
         the character the cursor is on is considered as being after the cursor.
 
         Combining characters may span more that one position in the
         text.
 
 
         .. note::
 
             If ``IPCompleter.debug`` is :any:`True` will yield a ``--jedi/ipython--``
             fake Completion token to distinguish completion returned by Jedi
             and usual IPython completion.
 
         .. note::
             
             Completions are not completely deduplicated yet. If identical
             completions are coming from different sources this function does not
             ensure that each completion object will only be present once.
         """
         warnings.warn("_complete is a provisional API (as of IPython 6.0). "
                       "It may change without warnings. "
                       "Use in corresponding context manager.",
                       category=ProvisionalCompleterWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
         seen = set()
         for c in self._completions(text, offset, _timeout=self.jedi_compute_type_timeout/1000):
             if c and (c in seen):
                 continue
             yield c
             seen.add(c)
 
     def _completions(self, full_text: str, offset: int, *, _timeout)->Iterator[Completion]:
         """
         Core completion module.Same signature as :any:`completions`, with the
         extra `timeout` parameter (in seconds).
 
 
         Computing jedi's completion ``.type`` can be quite expensive (it is a
         lazy property) and can require some warm-up, more warm up than just
         computing the ``name`` of a completion. The warm-up can be :
 
             - Long warm-up the fisrt time a module is encountered after
             install/update: actually build parse/inference tree.
 
             - first time the module is encountered in a session: load tree from
             disk.
 
         We don't want to block completions for tens of seconds so we give the
         completer a "budget" of ``_timeout`` seconds per invocation to compute
         completions types, the completions that have not yet been computed will
         be marked as "unknown" an will have a chance to be computed next round
         are things get cached.
 
         Keep in mind that Jedi is not the only thing treating the completion so
         keep the timeout short-ish as if we take more than 0.3 second we still
         have lots of processing to do.
 
         """
         deadline = time.monotonic() + _timeout
 
 
         before = full_text[:offset]
         cursor_line, cursor_column = position_to_cursor(full_text, offset)
 
         matched_text, matches, matches_origin, jedi_matches = self._complete(
             full_text=full_text, cursor_line=cursor_line, cursor_pos=cursor_column)
 
         iter_jm = iter(jedi_matches)
         if _timeout:
             for jm in iter_jm:
                 try:
                     type_ = jm.type
                 except Exception:
                     if self.debug:
                         print("Error in Jedi getting type of ", jm)
                     type_ = None
                 delta = len(jm.name_with_symbols) - len(jm.complete)
                 yield Completion(start=offset - delta,
                                  end=offset,
                                  text=jm.name_with_symbols,
                                  type=type_,
                                  _origin='jedi')
 
                 if time.monotonic() > deadline:
                     break
 
         for jm in iter_jm:
             delta = len(jm.name_with_symbols) - len(jm.complete)
             yield Completion(start=offset - delta,
                              end=offset,
                              text=jm.name_with_symbols,
                              type='<unknown>',  # don't compute type for speed
                              _origin='jedi')
 
 
         start_offset = before.rfind(matched_text)
 
         # TODO:
         # Supress this, right now just for debug.
         if jedi_matches and matches and self.debug:
             yield Completion(start=start_offset, end=offset, text='--jedi/ipython--', _origin='debug')
 
         # I'm unsure if this is always true, so let's assert and see if it
         # crash
         assert before.endswith(matched_text)
         for m, t in zip(matches, matches_origin):
             yield Completion(start=start_offset, end=offset, text=m, _origin=t)
 
 
     def complete(self, text=None, line_buffer=None, cursor_pos=None):
         """Find completions for the given text and line context.
 
         Note that both the text and the line_buffer are optional, but at least
         one of them must be given.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
           text : string, optional
             Text to perform the completion on.  If not given, the line buffer
             is split using the instance's CompletionSplitter object.
 
           line_buffer : string, optional
             If not given, the completer attempts to obtain the current line
             buffer via readline.  This keyword allows clients which are
             requesting for text completions in non-readline contexts to inform
             the completer of the entire text.
 
           cursor_pos : int, optional
             Index of the cursor in the full line buffer.  Should be provided by
             remote frontends where kernel has no access to frontend state.
 
         Returns
         -------
         text : str
           Text that was actually used in the completion.
 
         matches : list
           A list of completion matches.
 
 
         .. note::
 
             This API is likely to be deprecated and replaced by
             :any:`IPCompleter.completions` in the future.
 
 
         """
         warnings.warn('`Completer.complete` is pending deprecation since '
                 'IPython 6.0 and will be replaced by `Completer.completions`.',
                       PendingDeprecationWarning)
         # potential todo, FOLD the 3rd throw away argument of _complete
         # into the first 2 one.
         return self._complete(line_buffer=line_buffer, cursor_pos=cursor_pos, text=text, cursor_line=0)[:2]
 
     def _complete(self, *, cursor_line, cursor_pos, line_buffer=None, text=None,
                   full_text=None, return_jedi_results=True) -> (str, List[str], List[object]):
         """
 
         Like complete but can also returns raw jedi completions as well as the
         origin of the completion text. This could (and should) be made much
         cleaner but that will be simpler once we drop the old (and stateful)
         :any:`complete` API.
 
 
         With current provisional API, cursor_pos act both (depending on the
         caller) as the offset in the ``text`` or ``line_buffer``, or as the
         ``column`` when passing multiline strings this could/should be renamed
         but would add extra noise.
         """
 
         # if the cursor position isn't given, the only sane assumption we can
         # make is that it's at the end of the line (the common case)
         if cursor_pos is None:
             cursor_pos = len(line_buffer) if text is None else len(text)
 
         if self.use_main_ns:
             self.namespace = __main__.__dict__
 
         # if text is either None or an empty string, rely on the line buffer
         if (not line_buffer) and full_text:
             line_buffer = full_text.split('\n')[cursor_line]
         if not text:
             text = self.splitter.split_line(line_buffer, cursor_pos)
 
+        if self.backslash_combining_completions:
+            # allow deactivation of these on windows.
         base_text = text if not line_buffer else line_buffer[:cursor_pos]
         latex_text, latex_matches = self.latex_matches(base_text)
         if latex_matches:
             return latex_text, latex_matches, ['latex_matches']*len(latex_matches), ()
         name_text = ''
         name_matches = []
         for meth in (self.unicode_name_matches, back_latex_name_matches, back_unicode_name_matches):
             name_text, name_matches = meth(base_text)
             if name_text:
                 return name_text, name_matches, [meth.__qualname__]*len(name_matches), {}
         
 
         # If no line buffer is given, assume the input text is all there was
         if line_buffer is None:
             line_buffer = text
 
         self.line_buffer = line_buffer
         self.text_until_cursor = self.line_buffer[:cursor_pos]
 
         # Start with a clean slate of completions
         matches = []
         custom_res = self.dispatch_custom_completer(text)
         # FIXME: we should extend our api to return a dict with completions for
         # different types of objects.  The rlcomplete() method could then
         # simply collapse the dict into a list for readline, but we'd have
         # richer completion semantics in other evironments.
         completions = ()
         if self.use_jedi and return_jedi_results:
             if not full_text:
                 full_text = line_buffer
             completions = self._jedi_matches(
                 cursor_pos, cursor_line, full_text)
         if custom_res is not None:
             # did custom completers produce something?
             matches = [(m, 'custom') for m in custom_res]
         else:
             # Extend the list of completions with the results of each
             # matcher, so we return results to the user from all
             # namespaces.
             if self.merge_completions:
                 matches = []
                 for matcher in self.matchers:
                     try:
                         matches.extend([(m, matcher.__qualname__)
                                         for m in matcher(text)])
                     except:
                         # Show the ugly traceback if the matcher causes an
                         # exception, but do NOT crash the kernel!
                         sys.excepthook(*sys.exc_info())
             else:
                 for matcher in self.matchers:
                     matches = [(m, matcher.__qualname__)
                                for m in matcher(text)]
                     if matches:
                         break
         seen = set()
         filtered_matches = set()
         for m in matches:
             t, c = m
             if t not in seen:
                 filtered_matches.add(m)
                 seen.add(t)
 
         filtered_matches = sorted(
             set(filtered_matches), key=lambda x: completions_sorting_key(x[0]))
 
         matches = [m[0] for m in filtered_matches]
         origins = [m[1] for m in filtered_matches]
 
         self.matches = matches
 
         return text, matches, origins, completions

docs/source/whatsnew/version5.rst

@@ -1,281 +1,288 b''
 ============
  5.x Series
 ============
 
+IPython 5.4
+===========
+
+* added ``Completer.backslash_combining_completions`` boolean option to
+  deactivate backslash-tab completion that may conflict with windows path. 
+
+
 IPython 5.3
 ===========
 
 Released on February 24th, 2017. Remarkable changes and fixes:
 
 * Fix a bug in ``set_next_input`` leading to a crash of terminal IPython.
   :ghpull:`10231`, :ghissue:`10296`, :ghissue:`10229`
 * Always wait for editor inputhook for terminal IPython :ghpull:`10239`,
   :ghpull:`10240`
 * Disable ``_ipython_display_`` in terminal :ghpull:`10249`, :ghpull:`10274`
 * Update terminal colors to be more visible by default on windows
   :ghpull:`10260`, :ghpull:`10238`, :ghissue:`10281`
 * Add Ctrl-Z shortcut (suspend) in terminal debugger :ghpull:`10254`,
   :ghissue:`10273`
 * Indent on new line by looking at the text before the cursor :ghpull:`10264`,
   :ghpull:`10275`, :ghissue:`9283`
 * Update QtEventloop integration to fix some matplotlib integration issues
   :ghpull:`10201`, :ghpull:`10311`, :ghissue:`10201`
 * Respect completions display style in terminal debugger :ghpull:`10305`,
   :ghpull:`10313`
 * Add a config option ``TerminalInteractiveShell.extra_open_editor_shortcuts``
   to enable extra shortcuts to open the input in an editor. These are :kbd:`v`
   in vi mode, and :kbd:`C-X C-E` in emacs mode (:ghpull:`10330`).
   The :kbd:`F2` shortcut is always enabled.
 
 IPython 5.2.2
 =============
 
 * Fix error when starting with ``IPCompleter.limit_to__all__`` configured.
 
 IPython 5.2.1
 =============
 
 * Fix tab completion in the debugger. :ghpull:`10223`
 
 IPython 5.2
 ===========
 
 Released on January 29th, 2017. Remarkable changes and fixes:
 
 * restore IPython's debugger to raise on quit. :ghpull:`10009`
 * The configuration value ``c.TerminalInteractiveShell.highlighting_style`` can
   now directly take a class argument for custom color style. :ghpull:`9848`
 * Correctly handle matplotlib figures dpi :ghpull:`9868`
 * Deprecate ``-e`` flag for the ``%notebook`` magic that had no effects.
   :ghpull:`9872`
 * You can now press F2 while typing at a terminal prompt to edit the contents
   in your favourite terminal editor. Set the :envvar:`EDITOR` environment
   variable to pick which editor is used. :ghpull:`9929`
 * sdists will now only be ``.tar.gz`` as per upstream PyPI requirements.
   :ghpull:`9925`
 * :any:`IPython.core.debugger` have gained a ``set_trace()`` method for
   convenience. :ghpull:`9947`
 * The 'smart command mode' added to the debugger in 5.0 was removed, as more
   people preferred the previous behaviour. Therefore, debugger commands such as
   ``c`` will act as debugger commands even when ``c`` is defined as a variable.
   :ghpull:`10050`
 * Fixes OS X event loop issues at startup, :ghpull:`10150`
 * Deprecate the ``%autoindent`` magic. :ghpull:`10176`
 * Emit a :any:`DeprecationWarning` when setting the deprecated
   ``limit_to_all`` option of the completer. :ghpull:`10198`
 
 
 Changes of behavior to :any:`InteractiveShellEmbed`.
 
 :any:`InteractiveShellEmbed` interactive behavior have changed a bit in between
 5.1 and 5.2. By default ``%kill_embedded`` magic will prevent further invocation
 of the current ``call location`` instead of preventing further invocation of
 the current instance creation location. For most use case this will not change
 much for you, though previous behavior was confusing and less consistent with
 previous IPython versions.
 
 You can now deactivate instances by using ``%kill_embedded --instance`` flag,
 (or ``-i`` in short). The ``%kill_embedded`` magic also gained a
 ``--yes``/``-y`` option which skip confirmation step, and  ``-x``/``--exit``
 which also exit the current embedded call without asking for confirmation.
 
 See :ghpull:`10207`.
 
 
 
 IPython 5.1
 ===========
 
 * Broken ``%timeit`` on Python2 due to the use of ``__qualname__``. :ghpull:`9804`
 * Restore ``%gui qt`` to create and return a ``QApplication`` if necessary. :ghpull:`9789`
 * Don't set terminal title by default. :ghpull:`9801`
 * Preserve indentation when inserting newlines with ``Ctrl-O``. :ghpull:`9770`
 * Restore completion in debugger. :ghpull:`9785`
 * Deprecate ``IPython.core.debugger.Tracer()`` in favor of simpler, newer, APIs. :ghpull:`9731`
 * Restore ``NoOpContext`` context manager removed by mistake, and add `DeprecationWarning`. :ghpull:`9765`
 * Add option allowing ``Prompt_toolkit`` to use 24bits colors. :ghpull:`9736`
 * Fix for closing interactive matplotlib windows on OS X. :ghpull:`9854`
 * An embedded interactive shell instance can be used more than once. :ghpull:`9843`
 * More robust check for whether IPython is in a terminal. :ghpull:`9833`
 * Better pretty-printing of dicts on PyPy. :ghpull:`9827`
 * Some coloured output now looks better on dark background command prompts in Windows.
   :ghpull:`9838`
 * Improved tab completion of paths on Windows . :ghpull:`9826`
 * Fix tkinter event loop integration on Python 2 with ``future`` installed. :ghpull:`9824`
 * Restore ``Ctrl-\`` as a shortcut to quit IPython.
 * Make ``get_ipython()`` accessible when modules are imported by startup files. :ghpull:`9818`
 * Add support for running directories containing a ``__main__.py`` file with the
   ``ipython`` command. :ghpull:`9813`
 
 
 True Color feature
 ------------------
 
 ``prompt_toolkit`` uses pygments styles for syntax highlighting. By default, the
 colors specified in the style are approximated using a standard 256-color
 palette. ``prompt_toolkit`` also supports 24bit, a.k.a. "true", a.k.a. 16-million
 color escape sequences which enable compatible terminals to display the exact
 colors specified instead of an approximation. This true_color option exposes
 that capability in prompt_toolkit to the IPython shell.
 
 Here is a good source for the current state of true color support in various
 terminal emulators and software projects: https://gist.github.com/XVilka/8346728
 
 
 
 IPython 5.0
 ===========
 
 Released July 7, 2016
 
 New terminal interface
 ----------------------
 
 IPython 5 features a major upgrade to the terminal interface, bringing live
 syntax highlighting as you type, proper multiline editing and multiline paste,
 and tab completions that don't clutter up your history.
 
 .. image:: ../_images/ptshell_features.png
     :alt: New terminal interface features
     :align: center
     :target: ../_images/ptshell_features.png
 
 These features are provided by the Python library `prompt_toolkit
 <http://python-prompt-toolkit.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`__, which replaces
 ``readline`` throughout our terminal interface.
 
 Relying on this pure-Python, cross platform module also makes it simpler to
 install IPython. We have removed dependencies on ``pyreadline`` for Windows and
 ``gnureadline`` for Mac.
 
 Backwards incompatible changes
 ------------------------------
 
 - The ``%install_ext`` magic function, deprecated since 4.0, has now been deleted.
   You can distribute and install extensions as packages on PyPI.
 - Callbacks registered while an event is being handled will now only be called
   for subsequent events; previously they could be called for the current event.
   Similarly, callbacks removed while handling an event *will* always get that
   event. See :ghissue:`9447` and :ghpull:`9453`.
 - Integration with pydb has been removed since pydb development has been stopped
   since 2012, and pydb is not installable from PyPI.
 - The ``autoedit_syntax`` option has apparently been broken for many years.
   It has been removed.
 
 New terminal interface
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The overhaul of the terminal interface will probably cause a range of minor
 issues for existing users.
 This is inevitable for such a significant change, and we've done our best to
 minimise these issues.
 Some changes that we're aware of, with suggestions on how to handle them:
 
 IPython no longer uses readline configuration (``~/.inputrc``). We hope that
 the functionality you want (e.g. vi input mode) will be available by configuring
 IPython directly (see :doc:`/config/options/terminal`).
 If something's missing, please file an issue.
 
 The ``PromptManager`` class has been removed, and the prompt machinery simplified.
 See :ref:`custom_prompts` to customise prompts with the new machinery.
 
 :mod:`IPython.core.debugger` now provides a plainer interface.
 :mod:`IPython.terminal.debugger` contains the terminal debugger using
 prompt_toolkit.
 
 There are new options to configure the colours used in syntax highlighting.
 We have tried to integrate them with our classic  ``--colors`` option and
 ``%colors`` magic, but there's a mismatch in possibilities, so some configurations
 may produce unexpected results. See :ref:`termcolour` for more information.
 
 The new interface is not compatible with Emacs 'inferior-shell' feature. To
 continue using this, add the ``--simple-prompt`` flag to the command Emacs
 runs. This flag disables most IPython features, relying on Emacs to provide
 things like tab completion.
 
 Provisional Changes
 -------------------
 
 Provisional changes are experimental functionality that may, or may not, make
 it into a future version of IPython, and which API may change without warnings.
 Activating these features and using these API are at your own risk, and may have
 security implication for your system, especially if used with the Jupyter notebook,
 
 When running via the Jupyter notebook interfaces, or other compatible client,
 you can enable rich documentation experimental functionality:
 
 When the ``docrepr`` package is installed setting the boolean flag
 ``InteractiveShell.sphinxify_docstring`` to ``True``, will process the various
 object through sphinx before displaying them (see the ``docrepr`` package
 documentation for more information.
 
 You need to also enable the IPython pager display rich HTML representation
 using the ``InteractiveShell.enable_html_pager`` boolean configuration option.
 As usual you can set these configuration options globally in your configuration
 files, alternatively you can turn them on dynamically using the following
 snippet:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.sphinxify_docstring = True
     ip.enable_html_pager = True
 
 
 You can test the effect of various combinations of the above configuration in
 the Jupyter notebook, with things example like :
 
 .. code-block:: ipython
 
     import numpy as np
     np.histogram?
 
 
 This is part of an effort to make Documentation in Python richer and provide in
 the long term if possible dynamic examples that can contain math, images,
 widgets... As stated above this is nightly experimental feature with a lot of
 (fun) problem to solve. We would be happy to get your feedback and expertise on
 it.
 
 
 
 Deprecated Features
 -------------------
 
 Some deprecated features are listed in this section. Don't forget to enable
 ``DeprecationWarning`` as an error if you are using IPython in a Continuous
 Integration setup or in your testing in general:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
     import warnings
     warnings.filterwarnings('error', '.*', DeprecationWarning, module='yourmodule.*')
 
 
 - ``hooks.fix_error_editor`` seems unused and is pending deprecation.
 - `IPython/core/excolors.py:ExceptionColors` is  deprecated.
 - `IPython.core.InteractiveShell:write()` is deprecated; use `sys.stdout` instead.
 - `IPython.core.InteractiveShell:write_err()` is deprecated; use `sys.stderr` instead.
 - The `formatter` keyword argument to `Inspector.info` in `IPython.core.oinspec` has no effect.
 - The `global_ns` keyword argument of IPython Embed was deprecated, and has no effect. Use `module` keyword argument instead.
 
 
 Known Issues:
 -------------
 
 - ``<Esc>`` Key does not dismiss the completer and does not clear the current
   buffer. This is an on purpose modification due to current technical
   limitation. Cf :ghpull:`9572`. Escape the control character which is used
   for other shortcut, and there is no practical way to distinguish. Use Ctr-G
   or Ctrl-C as an alternative.
 
 - Cannot use ``Shift-Enter`` and ``Ctrl-Enter`` to submit code in terminal. cf
   :ghissue:`9587` and :ghissue:`9401`. In terminal there is no practical way to
   distinguish these key sequences from a normal new line return.
 
 - ``PageUp`` and ``pageDown`` do not move through completion menu.
 
 - Color styles might not adapt to terminal emulator themes. This will need new
   version of Pygments to be released, and can be mitigated with custom themes.