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1 | 1 | { |
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2 | 2 | "metadata": { |
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3 | 3 | "name": "Parallel Magics" |
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4 | 4 | }, |
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5 | 5 | "nbformat": 3, |
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6 | 6 | "nbformat_minor": 0, |
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7 | 7 | "worksheets": [ |
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8 | 8 | { |
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9 | 9 | "cells": [ |
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10 | 10 | { |
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11 | 11 | "cell_type": "heading", |
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12 | 12 | "level": 1, |
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13 | 13 | "metadata": {}, |
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14 | 14 | "source": [ |
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15 | 15 | "Using Parallel Magics" |
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16 | 16 | ] |
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17 | 17 | }, |
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18 | 18 | { |
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19 | 19 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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20 | 20 | "metadata": {}, |
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21 | 21 | "source": [ |
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22 | 22 | "IPython has a few magics for working with your engines.\n", |
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23 | 23 | "\n", |
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24 | 24 | "This assumes you have started an IPython cluster, either with the notebook interface,\n", |
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25 | 25 | "or the `ipcluster/controller/engine` commands." |
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26 | 26 | ] |
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27 | 27 | }, |
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28 | 28 | { |
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29 | 29 | "cell_type": "code", |
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30 | 30 | "collapsed": false, |
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31 | 31 | "input": [ |
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32 | 32 | "from IPython import parallel\n", |
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33 | 33 | "rc = parallel.Client()\n", |
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34 | 34 | "dv = rc[:]\n", |
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35 | 35 | "rc.ids" |
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36 | 36 | ], |
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37 | 37 | "language": "python", |
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38 | 38 | "metadata": {}, |
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39 | "outputs": [] | |
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39 | "outputs": [], | |
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40 | "prompt_number": 2 | |
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40 | 41 | }, |
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41 | 42 | { |
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42 | 43 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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43 | 44 | "metadata": {}, |
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44 | 45 | "source": [ |
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45 | 46 | "Creating a Client registers the parallel magics `%px`, `%%px`, `%pxresult`, `pxconfig`, and `%autopx`. \n", |
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46 | 47 | "These magics are initially associated with a DirectView always associated with all currently registered engines." |
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47 | 48 | ] |
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48 | 49 | }, |
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49 | 50 | { |
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50 | 51 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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51 | 52 | "metadata": {}, |
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52 | 53 | "source": [ |
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53 | 54 | "Now we can execute code remotely with `%px`:" |
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54 | 55 | ] |
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55 | 56 | }, |
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56 | 57 | { |
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57 | 58 | "cell_type": "code", |
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58 | 59 | "collapsed": false, |
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59 | 60 | "input": [ |
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60 | 61 | "%px a=5" |
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61 | 62 | ], |
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62 | 63 | "language": "python", |
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63 | 64 | "metadata": {}, |
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64 | 65 | "outputs": [] |
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65 | 66 | }, |
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66 | 67 | { |
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67 | 68 | "cell_type": "code", |
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68 | 69 | "collapsed": false, |
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69 | 70 | "input": [ |
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70 | 71 | "%px print a" |
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71 | 72 | ], |
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72 | 73 | "language": "python", |
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73 | 74 | "metadata": {}, |
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74 | 75 | "outputs": [] |
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75 | 76 | }, |
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76 | 77 | { |
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77 | 78 | "cell_type": "code", |
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78 | 79 | "collapsed": false, |
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79 | 80 | "input": [ |
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80 | 81 | "%px a" |
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81 | 82 | ], |
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82 | 83 | "language": "python", |
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83 | 84 | "metadata": {}, |
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84 | 85 | "outputs": [] |
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85 | 86 | }, |
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86 | 87 | { |
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87 | 88 | "cell_type": "code", |
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88 | 89 | "collapsed": false, |
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89 | 90 | "input": [ |
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90 | 91 | "with dv.sync_imports():\n", |
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91 | 92 | " import sys" |
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92 | 93 | ], |
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93 | 94 | "language": "python", |
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94 | 95 | "metadata": {}, |
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95 | 96 | "outputs": [] |
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96 | 97 | }, |
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97 | 98 | { |
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98 | 99 | "cell_type": "code", |
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99 | 100 | "collapsed": false, |
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100 | 101 | "input": [ |
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101 | 102 | "%px print >> sys.stderr, \"ERROR\"" |
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102 | 103 | ], |
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103 | 104 | "language": "python", |
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104 | 105 | "metadata": {}, |
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105 | 106 | "outputs": [] |
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106 | 107 | }, |
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107 | 108 | { |
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108 | 109 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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109 | 110 | "metadata": {}, |
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110 | 111 | "source": [ |
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111 | 112 | "You don't have to wait for results. The `%pxconfig` magic lets you change the default blocking/targets for the `%px` magics:" |
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112 | 113 | ] |
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113 | 114 | }, |
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114 | 115 | { |
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115 | 116 | "cell_type": "code", |
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116 | 117 | "collapsed": false, |
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117 | 118 | "input": [ |
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118 | 119 | "%pxconfig --noblock" |
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119 | 120 | ], |
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120 | 121 | "language": "python", |
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121 | 122 | "metadata": {}, |
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122 | 123 | "outputs": [] |
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123 | 124 | }, |
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124 | 125 | { |
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125 | 126 | "cell_type": "code", |
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126 | 127 | "collapsed": false, |
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127 | 128 | "input": [ |
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128 | 129 | "%px import time\n", |
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129 | 130 | "%px time.sleep(5)\n", |
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130 | 131 | "%px time.time()" |
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131 | 132 | ], |
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132 | 133 | "language": "python", |
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133 | 134 | "metadata": {}, |
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134 | 135 | "outputs": [] |
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135 | 136 | }, |
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136 | 137 | { |
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137 | 138 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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138 | 139 | "metadata": {}, |
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139 | 140 | "source": [ |
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140 | 141 | "But you will notice that this didn't output the result of the last command.\n", |
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141 | 142 | "For this, we have `%pxresult`, which displays the output of the latest request:" |
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142 | 143 | ] |
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143 | 144 | }, |
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144 | 145 | { |
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145 | 146 | "cell_type": "code", |
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146 | 147 | "collapsed": false, |
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147 | 148 | "input": [ |
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148 | 149 | "%pxresult" |
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149 | 150 | ], |
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150 | 151 | "language": "python", |
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151 | 152 | "metadata": {}, |
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152 | 153 | "outputs": [] |
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153 | 154 | }, |
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154 | 155 | { |
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155 | 156 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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156 | 157 | "metadata": {}, |
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157 | 158 | "source": [ |
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158 | 159 | "Remember, an IPython engine is IPython, so you can do magics remotely as well!" |
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159 | 160 | ] |
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160 | 161 | }, |
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161 | 162 | { |
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162 | 163 | "cell_type": "code", |
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163 | 164 | "collapsed": false, |
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164 | 165 | "input": [ |
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165 | 166 | "%pxconfig --block\n", |
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166 | 167 | "%px %pylab inline" |
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167 | 168 | ], |
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168 | 169 | "language": "python", |
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169 | 170 | "metadata": {}, |
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170 | 171 | "outputs": [] |
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171 | 172 | }, |
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172 | 173 | { |
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173 | 174 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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174 | 175 | "metadata": {}, |
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175 | 176 | "source": [ |
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176 | 177 | "`%%px` can also be used as a cell magic, for submitting whole blocks.\n", |
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177 | 178 | "This one acceps `--block` and `--noblock` flags to specify\n", |
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178 | 179 | "the blocking behavior, though the default is unchanged.\n" |
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179 | 180 | ] |
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180 | 181 | }, |
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181 | 182 | { |
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182 | 183 | "cell_type": "code", |
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183 | 184 | "collapsed": false, |
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184 | 185 | "input": [ |
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185 | 186 | "dv.scatter('id', dv.targets, flatten=True)\n", |
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186 | 187 | "dv['stride'] = len(dv)" |
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187 | 188 | ], |
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188 | 189 | "language": "python", |
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189 | 190 | "metadata": {}, |
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190 | 191 | "outputs": [] |
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191 | 192 | }, |
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192 | 193 | { |
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193 | 194 | "cell_type": "code", |
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194 | 195 | "collapsed": false, |
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195 | 196 | "input": [ |
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196 | 197 | "%%px --noblock\n", |
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197 | 198 | "x = linspace(0,pi,1000)\n", |
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198 | 199 | "for n in range(id,12, stride):\n", |
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199 | 200 | " print n\n", |
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200 | 201 | " plt.plot(x,sin(n*x))\n", |
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201 | 202 | "plt.title(\"Plot %i\" % id)" |
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202 | 203 | ], |
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203 | 204 | "language": "python", |
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204 | 205 | "metadata": {}, |
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205 | 206 | "outputs": [] |
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206 | 207 | }, |
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207 | 208 | { |
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208 | 209 | "cell_type": "code", |
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209 | 210 | "collapsed": false, |
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210 | 211 | "input": [ |
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211 | 212 | "%pxresult" |
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212 | 213 | ], |
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213 | 214 | "language": "python", |
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214 | 215 | "metadata": {}, |
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215 | 216 | "outputs": [] |
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216 | 217 | }, |
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217 | 218 | { |
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218 | 219 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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219 | 220 | "metadata": {}, |
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220 | 221 | "source": [ |
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221 | 222 | "It also lets you choose some amount of the grouping of the outputs with `--group-outputs`:\n", |
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222 | 223 | "\n", |
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223 | 224 | "The choices are:\n", |
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224 | 225 | "\n", |
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225 | 226 | "* `engine` - all of an engine's output is collected together\n", |
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226 | 227 | "* `type` - where stdout of each engine is grouped, etc. (the default)\n", |
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227 | 228 | "* `order` - same as `type`, but individual displaypub outputs are interleaved.\n", |
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228 | 229 | " That is, it will output the first plot from each engine, then the second from each,\n", |
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229 | 230 | " etc." |
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230 | 231 | ] |
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231 | 232 | }, |
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232 | 233 | { |
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233 | 234 | "cell_type": "code", |
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234 | 235 | "collapsed": false, |
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235 | 236 | "input": [ |
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236 | 237 | "%%px --group-outputs=engine\n", |
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237 | 238 | "x = linspace(0,pi,1000)\n", |
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238 | 239 | "for n in range(id+1,12, stride):\n", |
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239 | 240 | " print n\n", |
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240 | 241 | " plt.figure()\n", |
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241 | 242 | " plt.plot(x,sin(n*x))\n", |
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242 | 243 | " plt.title(\"Plot %i\" % n)" |
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243 | 244 | ], |
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244 | 245 | "language": "python", |
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245 | 246 | "metadata": {}, |
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246 | 247 | "outputs": [] |
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247 | 248 | }, |
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248 | 249 | { |
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249 | 250 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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250 | 251 | "metadata": {}, |
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251 | 252 | "source": [ |
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252 | 253 | "When you specify 'order', then individual display outputs (e.g. plots) will be interleaved.\n", |
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253 | 254 | "\n", |
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254 | 255 | "`%pxresult` takes the same output-ordering arguments as `%%px`, \n", |
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255 | 256 | "so you can view the previous result in a variety of different ways with a few sequential calls to `%pxresult`:" |
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256 | 257 | ] |
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257 | 258 | }, |
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258 | 259 | { |
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259 | 260 | "cell_type": "code", |
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260 | 261 | "collapsed": false, |
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261 | 262 | "input": [ |
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262 | 263 | "%pxresult --group-outputs=order" |
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263 | 264 | ], |
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264 | 265 | "language": "python", |
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265 | 266 | "metadata": {}, |
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266 | 267 | "outputs": [] |
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267 | 268 | }, |
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268 | 269 | { |
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269 | 270 | "cell_type": "heading", |
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270 | 271 | "level": 2, |
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271 | 272 | "metadata": {}, |
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272 | 273 | "source": [ |
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273 | 274 | "Single-engine views" |
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274 | 275 | ] |
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275 | 276 | }, |
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276 | 277 | { |
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277 | 278 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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278 | 279 | "metadata": {}, |
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279 | 280 | "source": [ |
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280 | 281 | "When a DirectView has a single target, the output is a bit simpler (no prefixes on stdout/err, etc.):" |
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281 | 282 | ] |
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282 | 283 | }, |
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283 | 284 | { |
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284 | 285 | "cell_type": "code", |
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285 | 286 | "collapsed": false, |
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286 | 287 | "input": [ |
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287 | 288 | "def generate_output():\n", |
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288 | 289 | " \"\"\"function for testing output\n", |
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289 | 290 | " \n", |
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290 | 291 | " publishes two outputs of each type, and returns something\n", |
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291 | 292 | " \"\"\"\n", |
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292 | 293 | " \n", |
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293 | 294 | " import sys,os\n", |
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294 | 295 | " from IPython.core.display import display, HTML, Math\n", |
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295 | 296 | " \n", |
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296 | 297 | " print \"stdout\"\n", |
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297 | 298 | " print >> sys.stderr, \"stderr\"\n", |
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298 | 299 | " \n", |
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299 | 300 | " display(HTML(\"<b>HTML</b>\"))\n", |
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300 | 301 | " \n", |
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301 | 302 | " print \"stdout2\"\n", |
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302 | 303 | " print >> sys.stderr, \"stderr2\"\n", |
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303 | 304 | " \n", |
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304 | 305 | " display(Math(r\"\\alpha=\\beta\"))\n", |
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305 | 306 | " \n", |
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306 | 307 | " return os.getpid()\n", |
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307 | 308 | "\n", |
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308 | 309 | "dv['generate_output'] = generate_output" |
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309 | 310 | ], |
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310 | 311 | "language": "python", |
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311 | 312 | "metadata": {}, |
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312 | 313 | "outputs": [] |
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313 | 314 | }, |
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314 | 315 | { |
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315 | 316 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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316 | 317 | "metadata": {}, |
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317 | 318 | "source": [ |
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318 | 319 | "You can also have more than one set of parallel magics registered at a time.\n", |
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319 | 320 | "\n", |
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320 | 321 | "The `View.activate()` method takes a suffix argument, which is added to `'px'`." |
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321 | 322 | ] |
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322 | 323 | }, |
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323 | 324 | { |
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324 | 325 | "cell_type": "code", |
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325 | 326 | "collapsed": false, |
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326 | 327 | "input": [ |
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327 | 328 | "e0 = rc[-1]\n", |
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328 | 329 | "e0.block = True\n", |
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329 | 330 | "e0.activate('0')" |
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330 | 331 | ], |
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331 | 332 | "language": "python", |
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332 | 333 | "metadata": {}, |
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333 | 334 | "outputs": [] |
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334 | 335 | }, |
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335 | 336 | { |
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336 | 337 | "cell_type": "code", |
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337 | 338 | "collapsed": false, |
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338 | 339 | "input": [ |
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339 | 340 | "%px0 generate_output()" |
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340 | 341 | ], |
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341 | 342 | "language": "python", |
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342 | 343 | "metadata": {}, |
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343 | 344 | "outputs": [] |
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344 | 345 | }, |
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345 | 346 | { |
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346 | 347 | "cell_type": "code", |
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347 | 348 | "collapsed": false, |
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348 | 349 | "input": [ |
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349 | 350 | "%px generate_output()" |
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350 | 351 | ], |
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351 | 352 | "language": "python", |
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352 | 353 | "metadata": {}, |
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353 | 354 | "outputs": [] |
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354 | 355 | }, |
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355 | 356 | { |
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356 | 357 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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357 | 358 | "metadata": {}, |
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358 | 359 | "source": [ |
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359 | 360 | "As mentioned above, we can redisplay those same results with various grouping:" |
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360 | 361 | ] |
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361 | 362 | }, |
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362 | 363 | { |
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363 | 364 | "cell_type": "code", |
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364 | 365 | "collapsed": false, |
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365 | 366 | "input": [ |
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366 | 367 | "%pxresult --group-outputs order" |
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367 | 368 | ], |
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368 | 369 | "language": "python", |
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369 | 370 | "metadata": {}, |
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370 | 371 | "outputs": [] |
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371 | 372 | }, |
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372 | 373 | { |
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373 | 374 | "cell_type": "code", |
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374 | 375 | "collapsed": false, |
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375 | 376 | "input": [ |
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376 | 377 | "%pxresult --group-outputs engine" |
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377 | 378 | ], |
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378 | 379 | "language": "python", |
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379 | 380 | "metadata": {}, |
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380 | 381 | "outputs": [] |
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381 | 382 | }, |
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382 | 383 | { |
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383 | 384 | "cell_type": "heading", |
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384 | 385 | "level": 2, |
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385 | 386 | "metadata": {}, |
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386 | 387 | "source": [ |
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387 | 388 | "Parallel Exceptions" |
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388 | 389 | ] |
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389 | 390 | }, |
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390 | 391 | { |
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391 | 392 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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392 | 393 | "metadata": {}, |
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393 | 394 | "source": [ |
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394 | 395 | "When you raise exceptions with the parallel exception,\n", |
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395 | 396 | "the CompositeError raised locally will display your remote traceback." |
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396 | 397 | ] |
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397 | 398 | }, |
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398 | 399 | { |
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399 | 400 | "cell_type": "code", |
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400 | 401 | "collapsed": false, |
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401 | 402 | "input": [ |
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402 | 403 | "%%px\n", |
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403 | 404 | "from numpy.random import random\n", |
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404 | 405 | "A = random((100,100,'invalid shape'))" |
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405 | 406 | ], |
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406 | 407 | "language": "python", |
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407 | 408 | "metadata": {}, |
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408 | 409 | "outputs": [] |
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409 | 410 | }, |
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410 | 411 | { |
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411 | 412 | "cell_type": "heading", |
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412 | 413 | "level": 2, |
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413 | 414 | "metadata": {}, |
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414 | 415 | "source": [ |
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415 | 416 | "Remote Cell Magics" |
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416 | 417 | ] |
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417 | 418 | }, |
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418 | 419 | { |
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419 | 420 | "cell_type": "markdown", |
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420 | 421 | "metadata": {}, |
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421 | 422 | "source": [ |
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422 | 423 | "Remember, Engines are IPython too, so the cell that is run remotely by %%px can in turn use a cell magic." |
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423 | 424 | ] |
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424 | 425 | }, |
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425 | 426 | { |
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426 | 427 | "cell_type": "code", |
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427 | 428 | "collapsed": false, |
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428 | 429 | "input": [ |
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429 | 430 | "%%px\n", |
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430 | 431 | "%%timeit\n", |
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431 | 432 | "from numpy.random import random\n", |
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432 | 433 | "from numpy.linalg import norm\n", |
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433 | 434 | "A = random((100,100))\n", |
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434 | 435 | "norm(A, 2) " |
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435 | 436 | ], |
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436 | 437 | "language": "python", |
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437 | 438 | "metadata": {}, |
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438 | 439 | "outputs": [] |
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439 | 440 | }, |
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440 | 441 | { |
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442 | "cell_type": "heading", | |
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443 | "level": 2, | |
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444 | "metadata": {}, | |
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445 | "source": [ | |
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446 | "Local Execution" | |
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447 | ] | |
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448 | }, | |
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449 | { | |
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450 | "cell_type": "markdown", | |
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451 | "metadata": {}, | |
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452 | "source": [ | |
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453 | "As of IPython 0.14, you can instruct `%%px` to also execute the cell locally.\n", | |
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454 | "This is useful for interactive definitions,\n", | |
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455 | "or if you want to load a data source everywhere,\n", | |
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456 | "not just on the engines." | |
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457 | ] | |
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458 | }, | |
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459 | { | |
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441 | 460 | "cell_type": "code", |
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442 | 461 | "collapsed": false, |
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443 |
"input": [ |
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462 | "input": [ | |
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463 | "%%px --local\n", | |
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464 | "thispid = os.getpid()\n", | |
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465 | "print thispid" | |
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466 | ], | |
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444 | 467 | "language": "python", |
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445 | 468 | "metadata": {}, |
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446 | "outputs": [] | |
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469 | "outputs": [], | |
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470 | "prompt_number": 5 | |
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447 | 471 | } |
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448 | 472 | ], |
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449 | 473 | "metadata": {} |
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450 | 474 | } |
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451 | 475 | ] |
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452 | 476 | } No newline at end of file |
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