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1 | 1 | """Utilities to manipulate JSON objects. |
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2 | 2 | """ |
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3 | 3 | #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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4 | 4 | # Copyright (C) 2010-2011 The IPython Development Team |
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5 | 5 | # |
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6 | 6 | # Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in |
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7 | 7 | # the file COPYING.txt, distributed as part of this software. |
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8 | 8 | #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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9 | 9 | |
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10 | 10 | #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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11 | 11 | # Imports |
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12 | 12 | #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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13 | 13 | # stdlib |
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14 | 14 | import math |
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15 | 15 | import re |
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16 | 16 | import types |
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17 | 17 | from datetime import datetime |
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18 | 18 | |
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19 | 19 | try: |
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20 | 20 | # base64.encodestring is deprecated in Python 3.x |
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21 | 21 | from base64 import encodebytes |
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22 | 22 | except ImportError: |
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23 | 23 | # Python 2.x |
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24 | 24 | from base64 import encodestring as encodebytes |
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25 | 25 | |
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26 | 26 | from IPython.utils import py3compat |
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27 | 27 | from IPython.utils.encoding import DEFAULT_ENCODING |
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28 | 28 | next_attr_name = '__next__' if py3compat.PY3 else 'next' |
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29 | 29 | |
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30 | 30 | #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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31 | 31 | # Globals and constants |
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32 | 32 | #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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33 | 33 | |
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34 | 34 | # timestamp formats |
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35 | 35 | ISO8601="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f" |
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36 | ISO8601_PAT=re.compile(r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}\.\d+$") | |
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36 | ISO8601_PAT=re.compile(r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}\.\d+(Z?[\+\-]\d{2}:?\d{2})?$") | |
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37 | 37 | |
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38 | 38 | #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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39 | 39 | # Classes and functions |
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40 | 40 | #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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41 | 41 | |
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42 | 42 | def rekey(dikt): |
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43 | 43 | """Rekey a dict that has been forced to use str keys where there should be |
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44 | 44 | ints by json.""" |
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45 | 45 | for k in dikt.iterkeys(): |
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46 | 46 | if isinstance(k, basestring): |
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47 | 47 | ik=fk=None |
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48 | 48 | try: |
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49 | 49 | ik = int(k) |
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50 | 50 | except ValueError: |
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51 | 51 | try: |
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52 | 52 | fk = float(k) |
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53 | 53 | except ValueError: |
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54 | 54 | continue |
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55 | 55 | if ik is not None: |
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56 | 56 | nk = ik |
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57 | 57 | else: |
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58 | 58 | nk = fk |
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59 | 59 | if nk in dikt: |
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60 | 60 | raise KeyError("already have key %r"%nk) |
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61 | 61 | dikt[nk] = dikt.pop(k) |
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62 | 62 | return dikt |
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63 | 63 | |
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64 | 64 | |
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65 | 65 | def extract_dates(obj): |
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66 | 66 | """extract ISO8601 dates from unpacked JSON""" |
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67 | 67 | if isinstance(obj, dict): |
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68 | 68 | obj = dict(obj) # don't clobber |
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69 | 69 | for k,v in obj.iteritems(): |
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70 | 70 | obj[k] = extract_dates(v) |
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71 | 71 | elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)): |
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72 | 72 | obj = [ extract_dates(o) for o in obj ] |
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73 | 73 | elif isinstance(obj, basestring): |
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74 | 74 | if ISO8601_PAT.match(obj): |
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75 | obj = datetime.strptime(obj, ISO8601) | |
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75 | # FIXME: add actual timezone support | |
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76 | notz = obj.split('Z',1)[0] | |
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77 | obj = datetime.strptime(notz, ISO8601) | |
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76 | 78 | return obj |
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77 | 79 | |
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78 | 80 | def squash_dates(obj): |
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79 | 81 | """squash datetime objects into ISO8601 strings""" |
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80 | 82 | if isinstance(obj, dict): |
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81 | 83 | obj = dict(obj) # don't clobber |
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82 | 84 | for k,v in obj.iteritems(): |
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83 | 85 | obj[k] = squash_dates(v) |
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84 | 86 | elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)): |
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85 | 87 | obj = [ squash_dates(o) for o in obj ] |
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86 | 88 | elif isinstance(obj, datetime): |
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87 |
obj = obj. |
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89 | obj = obj.isoformat() | |
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88 | 90 | return obj |
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89 | 91 | |
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90 | 92 | def date_default(obj): |
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91 | 93 | """default function for packing datetime objects in JSON.""" |
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92 | 94 | if isinstance(obj, datetime): |
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93 |
return obj. |
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95 | return obj.isoformat() | |
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94 | 96 | else: |
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95 | 97 | raise TypeError("%r is not JSON serializable"%obj) |
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96 | 98 | |
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97 | 99 | |
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98 | 100 | # constants for identifying png/jpeg data |
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99 | 101 | PNG = b'\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n' |
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100 | 102 | # front of PNG base64-encoded |
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101 | 103 | PNG64 = b'iVBORw0KG' |
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102 | 104 | JPEG = b'\xff\xd8' |
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103 | 105 | # front of JPEG base64-encoded |
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104 | 106 | JPEG64 = b'/9' |
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105 | 107 | |
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106 | 108 | def encode_images(format_dict): |
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107 | 109 | """b64-encodes images in a displaypub format dict |
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108 | 110 | |
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109 | 111 | Perhaps this should be handled in json_clean itself? |
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110 | 112 | |
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111 | 113 | Parameters |
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112 | 114 | ---------- |
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113 | 115 | |
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114 | 116 | format_dict : dict |
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115 | 117 | A dictionary of display data keyed by mime-type |
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116 | 118 | |
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117 | 119 | Returns |
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118 | 120 | ------- |
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119 | 121 | |
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120 | 122 | format_dict : dict |
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121 | 123 | A copy of the same dictionary, |
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122 | 124 | but binary image data ('image/png' or 'image/jpeg') |
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123 | 125 | is base64-encoded. |
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124 | 126 | |
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125 | 127 | """ |
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126 | 128 | encoded = format_dict.copy() |
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127 | 129 | |
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128 | 130 | pngdata = format_dict.get('image/png') |
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129 | 131 | if isinstance(pngdata, bytes): |
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130 | 132 | # make sure we don't double-encode |
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131 | 133 | if not pngdata.startswith(PNG64): |
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132 | 134 | pngdata = encodebytes(pngdata) |
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133 | 135 | encoded['image/png'] = pngdata.decode('ascii') |
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134 | 136 | |
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135 | 137 | jpegdata = format_dict.get('image/jpeg') |
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136 | 138 | if isinstance(jpegdata, bytes): |
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137 | 139 | # make sure we don't double-encode |
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138 | 140 | if not jpegdata.startswith(JPEG64): |
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139 | 141 | jpegdata = encodebytes(jpegdata) |
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140 | 142 | encoded['image/jpeg'] = jpegdata.decode('ascii') |
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141 | 143 | |
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142 | 144 | return encoded |
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143 | 145 | |
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144 | 146 | |
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145 | 147 | def json_clean(obj): |
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146 | 148 | """Clean an object to ensure it's safe to encode in JSON. |
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147 | 149 | |
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148 | 150 | Atomic, immutable objects are returned unmodified. Sets and tuples are |
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149 | 151 | converted to lists, lists are copied and dicts are also copied. |
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150 | 152 | |
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151 | 153 | Note: dicts whose keys could cause collisions upon encoding (such as a dict |
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152 | 154 | with both the number 1 and the string '1' as keys) will cause a ValueError |
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153 | 155 | to be raised. |
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154 | 156 | |
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155 | 157 | Parameters |
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156 | 158 | ---------- |
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157 | 159 | obj : any python object |
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158 | 160 | |
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159 | 161 | Returns |
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160 | 162 | ------- |
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161 | 163 | out : object |
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162 | 164 | |
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163 | 165 | A version of the input which will not cause an encoding error when |
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164 | 166 | encoded as JSON. Note that this function does not *encode* its inputs, |
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165 | 167 | it simply sanitizes it so that there will be no encoding errors later. |
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166 | 168 | |
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167 | 169 | Examples |
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168 | 170 | -------- |
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169 | 171 | >>> json_clean(4) |
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170 | 172 | 4 |
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171 | 173 | >>> json_clean(range(10)) |
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172 | 174 | [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] |
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173 | 175 | >>> sorted(json_clean(dict(x=1, y=2)).items()) |
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174 | 176 | [('x', 1), ('y', 2)] |
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175 | 177 | >>> sorted(json_clean(dict(x=1, y=2, z=[1,2,3])).items()) |
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176 | 178 | [('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', [1, 2, 3])] |
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177 | 179 | >>> json_clean(True) |
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178 | 180 | True |
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179 | 181 | """ |
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180 | 182 | # types that are 'atomic' and ok in json as-is. bool doesn't need to be |
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181 | 183 | # listed explicitly because bools pass as int instances |
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182 | 184 | atomic_ok = (unicode, int, types.NoneType) |
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183 | 185 | |
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184 | 186 | # containers that we need to convert into lists |
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185 | 187 | container_to_list = (tuple, set, types.GeneratorType) |
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186 | 188 | |
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187 | 189 | if isinstance(obj, float): |
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188 | 190 | # cast out-of-range floats to their reprs |
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189 | 191 | if math.isnan(obj) or math.isinf(obj): |
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190 | 192 | return repr(obj) |
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191 | 193 | return obj |
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192 | 194 | |
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193 | 195 | if isinstance(obj, atomic_ok): |
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194 | 196 | return obj |
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195 | 197 | |
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196 | 198 | if isinstance(obj, bytes): |
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197 | 199 | return obj.decode(DEFAULT_ENCODING, 'replace') |
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198 | 200 | |
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199 | 201 | if isinstance(obj, container_to_list) or ( |
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200 | 202 | hasattr(obj, '__iter__') and hasattr(obj, next_attr_name)): |
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201 | 203 | obj = list(obj) |
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202 | 204 | |
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203 | 205 | if isinstance(obj, list): |
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204 | 206 | return [json_clean(x) for x in obj] |
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205 | 207 | |
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206 | 208 | if isinstance(obj, dict): |
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207 | 209 | # First, validate that the dict won't lose data in conversion due to |
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208 | 210 | # key collisions after stringification. This can happen with keys like |
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209 | 211 | # True and 'true' or 1 and '1', which collide in JSON. |
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210 | 212 | nkeys = len(obj) |
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211 | 213 | nkeys_collapsed = len(set(map(str, obj))) |
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212 | 214 | if nkeys != nkeys_collapsed: |
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213 | 215 | raise ValueError('dict can not be safely converted to JSON: ' |
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214 | 216 | 'key collision would lead to dropped values') |
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215 | 217 | # If all OK, proceed by making the new dict that will be json-safe |
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216 | 218 | out = {} |
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217 | 219 | for k,v in obj.iteritems(): |
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218 | 220 | out[str(k)] = json_clean(v) |
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219 | 221 | return out |
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220 | 222 | |
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221 | 223 | # If we get here, we don't know how to handle the object, so we just get |
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222 | 224 | # its repr and return that. This will catch lambdas, open sockets, class |
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223 | 225 | # objects, and any other complicated contraption that json can't encode |
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224 | 226 | return repr(obj) |
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