Remove all usage of u_format (no op), and remove function

u_format was a compatibility layer between Py2 and 3 , now useless.

IPython/core/tests/test_inputtransformer.py

@@ -1,495 +1,487
 import tokenize
 import nose.tools as nt
 
 from IPython.testing import tools as tt
 from IPython.utils import py3compat
-u_fmt = py3compat.u_format
 
 from IPython.core import inputtransformer as ipt
 
 def transform_and_reset(transformer):
     transformer = transformer()
     def transform(inp):
         try:
             return transformer.push(inp)
         finally:
             transformer.reset()
     
     return transform
 
 # Transformer tests
 def transform_checker(tests, transformer, **kwargs):
     """Utility to loop over test inputs"""
     transformer = transformer(**kwargs)
     try:
         for inp, tr in tests:
             if inp is None:
                 out = transformer.reset()
             else:
                 out = transformer.push(inp)
             nt.assert_equal(out, tr)
     finally:
         transformer.reset()
 
 # Data for all the syntax tests in the form of lists of pairs of
 # raw/transformed input.  We store it here as a global dict so that we can use
 # it both within single-function tests and also to validate the behavior of the
 # larger objects
 
 syntax = \
   dict(assign_system =
-       [(i,py3compat.u_format(o)) for i,o in \
        [(u'a =! ls', "a = get_ipython().getoutput('ls')"),
         (u'b = !ls', "b = get_ipython().getoutput('ls')"),
         (u'c= !ls', "c = get_ipython().getoutput('ls')"),
         (u'd == !ls', u'd == !ls'), # Invalid syntax, but we leave == alone.
         ('x=1', 'x=1'), # normal input is unmodified
         ('    ','    '),  # blank lines are kept intact
         # Tuple unpacking
         (u"a, b = !echo 'a\\nb'", u"a, b = get_ipython().getoutput(\"echo 'a\\\\nb'\")"),
         (u"a,= !echo 'a'", u"a, = get_ipython().getoutput(\"echo 'a'\")"),
         (u"a, *bc = !echo 'a\\nb\\nc'", u"a, *bc = get_ipython().getoutput(\"echo 'a\\\\nb\\\\nc'\")"),
         # Tuple unpacking with regular Python expressions, not our syntax.
         (u"a, b = range(2)", u"a, b = range(2)"),
         (u"a, = range(1)", u"a, = range(1)"),
         (u"a, *bc = range(3)", u"a, *bc = range(3)"),
-        ]],
+        ],
 
        assign_magic =
-       [(i,py3compat.u_format(o)) for i,o in \
        [(u'a =% who', "a = get_ipython().run_line_magic('who', '')"),
         (u'b = %who', "b = get_ipython().run_line_magic('who', '')"),
         (u'c= %ls', "c = get_ipython().run_line_magic('ls', '')"),
         (u'd == %ls', u'd == %ls'), # Invalid syntax, but we leave == alone.
         ('x=1', 'x=1'), # normal input is unmodified
         ('    ','    '),  # blank lines are kept intact
         (u"a, b = %foo", u"a, b = get_ipython().run_line_magic('foo', '')"),
-        ]],
+        ],
 
        classic_prompt =
        [('>>> x=1', 'x=1'),
         ('x=1', 'x=1'), # normal input is unmodified
         ('    ', '    '),  # blank lines are kept intact
         ],
 
        ipy_prompt =
        [('In [1]: x=1', 'x=1'),
         ('x=1', 'x=1'), # normal input is unmodified
         ('    ','    '),  # blank lines are kept intact
         ],
 
        # Tests for the escape transformer to leave normal code alone
        escaped_noesc =
        [ ('    ', '    '),
          ('x=1', 'x=1'),
          ],
 
        # System calls
        escaped_shell =
-       [(i,py3compat.u_format(o)) for i,o in \
        [ (u'!ls', "get_ipython().system('ls')"),
          # Double-escape shell, this means to capture the output of the
          # subprocess and return it
          (u'!!ls', "get_ipython().getoutput('ls')"),
-         ]],
+         ],
 
        # Help/object info
        escaped_help =
-       [(i,py3compat.u_format(o)) for i,o in \
        [ (u'?', 'get_ipython().show_usage()'),
          (u'?x1', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', 'x1')"),
          (u'??x2', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo2', 'x2')"),
          (u'?a.*s', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('psearch', 'a.*s')"),
          (u'?%hist1', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', '%hist1')"),
          (u'?%%hist2', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', '%%hist2')"),
          (u'?abc = qwe', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', 'abc')"),
-         ]],
+         ],
 
       end_help =
-      [(i,py3compat.u_format(o)) for i,o in \
       [ (u'x3?', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', 'x3')"),
         (u'x4??', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo2', 'x4')"),
         (u'%hist1?', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', '%hist1')"),
         (u'%hist2??', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo2', '%hist2')"),
         (u'%%hist3?', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', '%%hist3')"),
         (u'%%hist4??', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo2', '%%hist4')"),
         (u'π.foo?', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', 'π.foo')"),
         (u'f*?', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('psearch', 'f*')"),
         (u'ax.*aspe*?', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('psearch', 'ax.*aspe*')"),
         (u'a = abc?', "get_ipython().set_next_input('a = abc');"
                       "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', 'abc')"),
         (u'a = abc.qe??', "get_ipython().set_next_input('a = abc.qe');"
                           "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo2', 'abc.qe')"),
         (u'a = *.items?', "get_ipython().set_next_input('a = *.items');"
                           "get_ipython().run_line_magic('psearch', '*.items')"),
         (u'plot(a?', "get_ipython().set_next_input('plot(a');"
                      "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', 'a')"),
         (u'a*2 #comment?', 'a*2 #comment?'),
-        ]],
+        ],
 
        # Explicit magic calls
        escaped_magic =
-       [(i,py3compat.u_format(o)) for i,o in \
        [ (u'%cd', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('cd', '')"),
          (u'%cd /home', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('cd', '/home')"),
          # Backslashes need to be escaped.
          (u'%cd C:\\User', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('cd', 'C:\\\\User')"),
          (u'    %magic', "    get_ipython().run_line_magic('magic', '')"),
-         ]],
+         ],
 
        # Quoting with separate arguments
        escaped_quote =
        [ (',f', 'f("")'),
          (',f x', 'f("x")'),
          ('  ,f y', '  f("y")'),
          (',f a b', 'f("a", "b")'),
          ],
 
        # Quoting with single argument
        escaped_quote2 =
        [ (';f', 'f("")'),
          (';f x', 'f("x")'),
          ('  ;f y', '  f("y")'),
          (';f a b', 'f("a b")'),
          ],
 
        # Simply apply parens
        escaped_paren =
        [ ('/f', 'f()'),
          ('/f x', 'f(x)'),
          ('  /f y', '  f(y)'),
          ('/f a b', 'f(a, b)'),
          ],
 
        # Check that we transform prompts before other transforms
        mixed =
-       [(i,py3compat.u_format(o)) for i,o in \
        [ (u'In [1]: %lsmagic', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('lsmagic', '')"),
          (u'>>> %lsmagic', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('lsmagic', '')"),
          (u'In [2]: !ls', "get_ipython().system('ls')"),
          (u'In [3]: abs?', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', 'abs')"),
          (u'In [4]: b = %who', "b = get_ipython().run_line_magic('who', '')"),
-         ]],
+         ],
        )
 
 # multiline syntax examples.  Each of these should be a list of lists, with
 # each entry itself having pairs of raw/transformed input.  The union (with
 # '\n'.join() of the transformed inputs is what the splitter should produce
 # when fed the raw lines one at a time via push.
 syntax_ml = \
   dict(classic_prompt =
        [ [('>>> for i in range(10):','for i in range(10):'),
           ('...     print i','    print i'),
           ('... ', ''),
           ],
          [('>>> a="""','a="""'),
           ('... 123"""','123"""'),
           ],
          [('a="""','a="""'),
           ('... 123','123'),
           ('... 456"""','456"""'),
           ],
          [('a="""','a="""'),
           ('>>> 123','123'),
           ('... 456"""','456"""'),
           ],
          [('a="""','a="""'),
           ('123','123'),
           ('... 456"""','... 456"""'),
           ],
          [('....__class__','....__class__'),
          ],
          [('a=5', 'a=5'),
           ('...', ''),
          ],
          [('>>> def f(x):', 'def f(x):'),
           ('...', ''),
           ('...     return x', '    return x'),
           ],
          [('board = """....', 'board = """....'),
           ('....', '....'),
           ('...."""', '...."""'),
           ],
         ],
 
        ipy_prompt =
        [ [('In [24]: for i in range(10):','for i in range(10):'),
           ('   ....:     print i','    print i'),
           ('   ....: ', ''),
           ],
          [('In [24]: for i in range(10):','for i in range(10):'),
           # Qt console prompts expand with spaces, not dots
           ('    ...:     print i','    print i'),
           ('    ...: ', ''),
           ],
          [('In [24]: for i in range(10):','for i in range(10):'),
           # Sometimes whitespace preceding '...' has been removed
           ('...:     print i','    print i'),
           ('...: ', ''),
           ],
          [('In [24]: for i in range(10):','for i in range(10):'),
           # Space after last continuation prompt has been removed (issue #6674)
           ('...:     print i','    print i'),
           ('...:', ''),
           ],
          [('In [2]: a="""','a="""'),
           ('   ...: 123"""','123"""'),
           ],
          [('a="""','a="""'),
           ('   ...: 123','123'),
           ('   ...: 456"""','456"""'),
           ],
          [('a="""','a="""'),
           ('In [1]: 123','123'),
           ('   ...: 456"""','456"""'),
           ],
          [('a="""','a="""'),
           ('123','123'),
           ('   ...: 456"""','   ...: 456"""'),
           ],
          ],
 
        multiline_datastructure_prompt =
        [ [('>>> a = [1,','a = [1,'),
           ('... 2]','2]'),
          ],
        ],
         
        multiline_datastructure =
        [ [('b = ("%s"', None),
           ('# comment', None),
           ('%foo )', 'b = ("%s"\n# comment\n%foo )'),
          ],
        ],
        
        multiline_string =
        [ [("'''foo?", None),
           ("bar'''", "'''foo?\nbar'''"),
          ],
        ],
        
        leading_indent =
        [ [('    print "hi"','print "hi"'),
           ],
          [('  for a in range(5):','for a in range(5):'),
           ('    a*2','  a*2'),
           ],
          [('    a="""','a="""'),
           ('    123"""','123"""'),
            ],
          [('a="""','a="""'),
           ('    123"""','    123"""'),
           ],
        ],
        
        cellmagic =
        [ [(u'%%foo a', None),
-          (None, u_fmt("get_ipython().run_cell_magic('foo', 'a', '')")),
+          (None, "get_ipython().run_cell_magic('foo', 'a', '')"),
           ],
          [(u'%%bar 123', None),
           (u'hello', None),
-          (None , u_fmt("get_ipython().run_cell_magic('bar', '123', 'hello')")),
+          (None , "get_ipython().run_cell_magic('bar', '123', 'hello')"),
           ],
          [(u'a=5', 'a=5'),
           (u'%%cellmagic', '%%cellmagic'),
           ],
        ],
        
        escaped =
        [ [('%abc def \\', None),
-          ('ghi', u_fmt("get_ipython().run_line_magic('abc', 'def ghi')")),
+          ('ghi', "get_ipython().run_line_magic('abc', 'def ghi')"),
           ],
          [('%abc def \\', None),
           ('ghi\\', None),
-          (None, u_fmt("get_ipython().run_line_magic('abc', 'def ghi')")),
+          (None, "get_ipython().run_line_magic('abc', 'def ghi')"),
           ],
        ],
        
        assign_magic =
        [ [(u'a = %bc de \\', None),
-          (u'fg', u_fmt("a = get_ipython().run_line_magic('bc', 'de fg')")),
+          (u'fg', "a = get_ipython().run_line_magic('bc', 'de fg')"),
           ],
          [(u'a = %bc de \\', None),
           (u'fg\\', None),
-          (None, u_fmt("a = get_ipython().run_line_magic('bc', 'de fg')")),
+          (None, "a = get_ipython().run_line_magic('bc', 'de fg')"),
           ],
        ],
        
        assign_system =
        [ [(u'a = !bc de \\', None),
-          (u'fg', u_fmt("a = get_ipython().getoutput('bc de fg')")),
+          (u'fg', "a = get_ipython().getoutput('bc de fg')"),
           ],
          [(u'a = !bc de \\', None),
           (u'fg\\', None),
-          (None, u_fmt("a = get_ipython().getoutput('bc de fg')")),
+          (None, "a = get_ipython().getoutput('bc de fg')"),
           ],
        ],
        )
 
 
 def test_assign_system():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.assign_from_system), syntax['assign_system'])
 
 def test_assign_magic():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.assign_from_magic), syntax['assign_magic'])
 
 def test_classic_prompt():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.classic_prompt), syntax['classic_prompt'])
     for example in syntax_ml['classic_prompt']:
         transform_checker(example, ipt.classic_prompt)
     for example in syntax_ml['multiline_datastructure_prompt']:
         transform_checker(example, ipt.classic_prompt)
 
     # Check that we don't transform the second line if the first is obviously
     # IPython syntax
     transform_checker([
         (u'%foo', '%foo'),
         (u'>>> bar', '>>> bar'),
     ], ipt.classic_prompt)
 
 
 def test_ipy_prompt():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.ipy_prompt), syntax['ipy_prompt'])
     for example in syntax_ml['ipy_prompt']:
         transform_checker(example, ipt.ipy_prompt)
 
     # Check that we don't transform the second line if we're inside a cell magic
     transform_checker([
         (u'%%foo', '%%foo'),
         (u'In [1]: bar', 'In [1]: bar'),
     ], ipt.ipy_prompt)
 
 def test_assemble_logical_lines():
     tests = \
     [ [(u"a = \\", None),
        (u"123", u"a = 123"),
       ],
       [(u"a = \\", None),  # Test resetting when within a multi-line string
        (u"12 *\\", None),
        (None, u"a = 12 *"),
       ],
       [(u"# foo\\", u"# foo\\"), # Comments can't be continued like this
       ],
     ]
     for example in tests:
         transform_checker(example, ipt.assemble_logical_lines)
 
 def test_assemble_python_lines():
     tests = \
     [ [(u"a = '''", None),
        (u"abc'''", u"a = '''\nabc'''"),
       ],
       [(u"a = '''", None),  # Test resetting when within a multi-line string
        (u"def", None),
        (None, u"a = '''\ndef"),
       ],
       [(u"a = [1,", None),
        (u"2]", u"a = [1,\n2]"),
       ],
       [(u"a = [1,", None),  # Test resetting when within a multi-line string
        (u"2,", None),
        (None, u"a = [1,\n2,"),
       ],
       [(u"a = '''", None),  # Test line continuation within a multi-line string
        (u"abc\\", None),
        (u"def", None),
        (u"'''", u"a = '''\nabc\\\ndef\n'''"),
       ],
     ] + syntax_ml['multiline_datastructure']
     for example in tests:
         transform_checker(example, ipt.assemble_python_lines)
 
 
 def test_help_end():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.help_end), syntax['end_help'])
 
 def test_escaped_noesc():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.escaped_commands), syntax['escaped_noesc'])
 
 
 def test_escaped_shell():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.escaped_commands), syntax['escaped_shell'])
 
 
 def test_escaped_help():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.escaped_commands), syntax['escaped_help'])
 
 
 def test_escaped_magic():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.escaped_commands), syntax['escaped_magic'])
 
 
 def test_escaped_quote():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.escaped_commands), syntax['escaped_quote'])
 
 
 def test_escaped_quote2():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.escaped_commands), syntax['escaped_quote2'])
 
 
 def test_escaped_paren():
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(ipt.escaped_commands), syntax['escaped_paren'])
 
 
 def test_cellmagic():
     for example in syntax_ml['cellmagic']:
         transform_checker(example, ipt.cellmagic)
     
     line_example = [(u'%%bar 123', None),
                     (u'hello', None),
-                    (u'' , u_fmt("get_ipython().run_cell_magic('bar', '123', 'hello')")),
+                    (u'' , "get_ipython().run_cell_magic('bar', '123', 'hello')"),
                    ]
     transform_checker(line_example, ipt.cellmagic, end_on_blank_line=True)
 
 def test_has_comment():
     tests = [('text', False),
              ('text #comment', True),
              ('text #comment\n', True),
              ('#comment', True),
              ('#comment\n', True),
              ('a = "#string"', False),
              ('a = "#string" # comment', True),
              ('a #comment not "string"', True),
              ]
     tt.check_pairs(ipt.has_comment, tests)
 
 @ipt.TokenInputTransformer.wrap
 def decistmt(tokens):
     """Substitute Decimals for floats in a string of statements.
 
     Based on an example from the tokenize module docs.
     """
     result = []
     for toknum, tokval, _, _, _  in tokens:
         if toknum == tokenize.NUMBER and '.' in tokval:  # replace NUMBER tokens
             for newtok in [
                 (tokenize.NAME, 'Decimal'),
                 (tokenize.OP, '('),
                 (tokenize.STRING, repr(tokval)),
                 (tokenize.OP, ')')
             ]:
                 yield newtok
         else:
             yield (toknum, tokval)
 
 
 
 def test_token_input_transformer():
-    tests = [(u'1.2', u_fmt(u"Decimal ('1.2')")),
+    tests = [(u'1.2', u"Decimal ('1.2')"),
              (u'"1.2"', u'"1.2"'),
              ]
     tt.check_pairs(transform_and_reset(decistmt), tests)
     ml_tests = \
     [ [(u"a = 1.2; b = '''x", None),
-       (u"y'''", u_fmt(u"a =Decimal ('1.2');b ='''x\ny'''")),
+       (u"y'''", u"a =Decimal ('1.2');b ='''x\ny'''"),
       ],
       [(u"a = [1.2,", None),
-       (u"3]", u_fmt(u"a =[Decimal ('1.2'),\n3 ]")),
+       (u"3]", u"a =[Decimal ('1.2'),\n3 ]"),
       ],
       [(u"a = '''foo", None),  # Test resetting when within a multi-line string
        (u"bar", None),
        (None, u"a = '''foo\nbar"),
       ],
     ]
     for example in ml_tests:
         transform_checker(example, decistmt)

IPython/utils/py3compat.py

@@ -1,191 +1,159
 # coding: utf-8
 """Compatibility tricks for Python 3. Mainly to do with unicode.
 
 This file is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
 """
 import functools
 import os
 import sys
 import re
 import shutil
 import types
 import platform
 
 from .encoding import DEFAULT_ENCODING
 
 
 def decode(s, encoding=None):
     encoding = encoding or DEFAULT_ENCODING
     return s.decode(encoding, "replace")
 
 def encode(u, encoding=None):
     encoding = encoding or DEFAULT_ENCODING
     return u.encode(encoding, "replace")
 
 
 def cast_unicode(s, encoding=None):
     if isinstance(s, bytes):
         return decode(s, encoding)
     return s
 
 def cast_bytes(s, encoding=None):
     if not isinstance(s, bytes):
         return encode(s, encoding)
     return s
 
 def buffer_to_bytes(buf):
     """Cast a buffer object to bytes"""
     if not isinstance(buf, bytes):
         buf = bytes(buf)
     return buf
 
-def _modify_str_or_docstring(str_change_func):
-    @functools.wraps(str_change_func)
-    def wrapper(func_or_str):
-        if isinstance(func_or_str, (str,)):
-            func = None
-            doc = func_or_str
-        else:
-            func = func_or_str
-            doc = func.__doc__
-
-        # PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2 strips docstrings, so they can disappear unexpectedly
-        if doc is not None:
-            doc = str_change_func(doc)
-
-        if func:
-            func.__doc__ = doc
-            return func
-        return doc
-    return wrapper
-
 def safe_unicode(e):
     """unicode(e) with various fallbacks. Used for exceptions, which may not be
     safe to call unicode() on.
     """
     try:
         return str(e)
     except UnicodeError:
         pass
 
     try:
         return repr(e)
     except UnicodeError:
         pass
 
     return u'Unrecoverably corrupt evalue'
 
 # shutil.which from Python 3.4
 def _shutil_which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None):
     """Given a command, mode, and a PATH string, return the path which
     conforms to the given mode on the PATH, or None if there is no such
     file.
 
     `mode` defaults to os.F_OK | os.X_OK. `path` defaults to the result
     of os.environ.get("PATH"), or can be overridden with a custom search
     path.
 
     This is a backport of shutil.which from Python 3.4
     """
     # Check that a given file can be accessed with the correct mode.
     # Additionally check that `file` is not a directory, as on Windows
     # directories pass the os.access check.
     def _access_check(fn, mode):
         return (os.path.exists(fn) and os.access(fn, mode)
                 and not os.path.isdir(fn))
 
     # If we're given a path with a directory part, look it up directly rather
     # than referring to PATH directories. This includes checking relative to the
     # current directory, e.g. ./script
     if os.path.dirname(cmd):
         if _access_check(cmd, mode):
             return cmd
         return None
 
     if path is None:
         path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath)
     if not path:
         return None
     path = path.split(os.pathsep)
 
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         # The current directory takes precedence on Windows.
         if not os.curdir in path:
             path.insert(0, os.curdir)
 
         # PATHEXT is necessary to check on Windows.
         pathext = os.environ.get("PATHEXT", "").split(os.pathsep)
         # See if the given file matches any of the expected path extensions.
         # This will allow us to short circuit when given "python.exe".
         # If it does match, only test that one, otherwise we have to try
         # others.
         if any(cmd.lower().endswith(ext.lower()) for ext in pathext):
             files = [cmd]
         else:
             files = [cmd + ext for ext in pathext]
     else:
         # On other platforms you don't have things like PATHEXT to tell you
         # what file suffixes are executable, so just pass on cmd as-is.
         files = [cmd]
 
     seen = set()
     for dir in path:
         normdir = os.path.normcase(dir)
         if not normdir in seen:
             seen.add(normdir)
             for thefile in files:
                 name = os.path.join(dir, thefile)
                 if _access_check(name, mode):
                     return name
     return None
 
 PY3 = True
 
 # keep reference to builtin_mod because the kernel overrides that value
 # to forward requests to a frontend.
 def input(prompt=''):
     return builtin_mod.input(prompt)
 
 builtin_mod_name = "builtins"
 import builtins as builtin_mod
 
 
 which = shutil.which
 
 def isidentifier(s, dotted=False):
     if dotted:
         return all(isidentifier(a) for a in s.split("."))
     return s.isidentifier()
 
 getcwd = os.getcwd
 
 MethodType = types.MethodType
 
 def execfile(fname, glob, loc=None, compiler=None):
     loc = loc if (loc is not None) else glob
     with open(fname, 'rb') as f:
         compiler = compiler or compile
         exec(compiler(f.read(), fname, 'exec'), glob, loc)
 
-# Refactor print statements in doctests.
-_print_statement_re = re.compile(r"\bprint (?P<expr>.*)$", re.MULTILINE)
-
-# Abstract u'abc' syntax:
-@_modify_str_or_docstring
-def u_format(s):
-    """"{u}'abc'" --> "'abc'" (Python 3)
-
-    Accepts a string or a function, so it can be used as a decorator."""
-    return s.format(u='')
-
-
 PY2 = not PY3
 PYPY = platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy"
 
 # Cython still rely on that as a Dec 28 2019
 # See https://github.com/cython/cython/pull/3291 and
 # https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/12068
 def no_code(x, encoding=None):
         return x
 unicode_to_str = cast_bytes_py2 = no_code