Merge branch 'kernelmanager' of git://github.com/ellisonbg/ipython into qtfrontend

Conflicts:
	IPython/frontend/qt/util.py

IPython/config/configurable.py

@@ -0,0 +1,139 b''
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+A base class for objects that are configurable.
+
+Authors:
+
+* Brian Granger
+* Fernando Perez
+"""
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008-2010  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from copy import deepcopy
+import datetime
+from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
+
+from IPython.utils.importstring import import_item
+from loader import Config
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import HasTraits, Instance
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Helper classes for Configurables
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class ConfigurableError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configurable implementation
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class Configurable(HasTraits):
+
+    config = Instance(Config,(),{})
+    created = None
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        """Create a conigurable given a config config.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        config : Config
+            If this is empty, default values are used. If config is a 
+            :class:`Config` instance, it will be used to configure the
+            instance.
+        
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Subclasses of Configurable must call the :meth:`__init__` method of
+        :class:`Configurable` *before* doing anything else and using 
+        :func:`super`::
+        
+            class MyConfigurable(Configurable):
+                def __init__(self, config=None):
+                    super(MyConfigurable, self).__init__(config)
+                    # Then any other code you need to finish initialization.
+
+        This ensures that instances will be configured properly.
+        """
+        config = kwargs.pop('config', None)
+        if config is not None:
+            # We used to deepcopy, but for now we are trying to just save
+            # by reference.  This *could* have side effects as all components
+            # will share config. In fact, I did find such a side effect in
+            # _config_changed below. If a config attribute value was a mutable type
+            # all instances of a component were getting the same copy, effectively
+            # making that a class attribute.
+            # self.config = deepcopy(config)
+            self.config = config
+        # This should go second so individual keyword arguments override 
+        # the values in config.
+        super(Configurable, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.created = datetime.datetime.now()
+
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Static trait notifiations
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _config_changed(self, name, old, new):
+        """Update all the class traits having ``config=True`` as metadata.
+
+        For any class trait with a ``config`` metadata attribute that is
+        ``True``, we update the trait with the value of the corresponding
+        config entry.
+        """
+        # Get all traits with a config metadata entry that is True
+        traits = self.traits(config=True)
+
+        # We auto-load config section for this class as well as any parent
+        # classes that are Configurable subclasses.  This starts with Configurable
+        # and works down the mro loading the config for each section.
+        section_names = [cls.__name__ for cls in \
+            reversed(self.__class__.__mro__) if 
+            issubclass(cls, Configurable) and issubclass(self.__class__, cls)]
+
+        for sname in section_names:
+            # Don't do a blind getattr as that would cause the config to 
+            # dynamically create the section with name self.__class__.__name__.
+            if new._has_section(sname):
+                my_config = new[sname]
+                for k, v in traits.items():
+                    # Don't allow traitlets with config=True to start with
+                    # uppercase.  Otherwise, they are confused with Config
+                    # subsections.  But, developers shouldn't have uppercase
+                    # attributes anyways! (PEP 6)
+                    if k[0].upper()==k[0] and not k.startswith('_'):
+                        raise ConfigurableError('Configurable traitlets with '
+                        'config=True must start with a lowercase so they are '
+                        'not confused with Config subsections: %s.%s' % \
+                        (self.__class__.__name__, k))
+                    try:
+                        # Here we grab the value from the config
+                        # If k has the naming convention of a config
+                        # section, it will be auto created.
+                        config_value = my_config[k]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        # print "Setting %s.%s from %s.%s=%r" % \
+                        #     (self.__class__.__name__,k,sname,k,config_value)
+                        # We have to do a deepcopy here if we don't deepcopy the entire
+                        # config object. If we don't, a mutable config_value will be
+                        # shared by all instances, effectively making it a class attribute.
+                        setattr(self, k, deepcopy(config_value))
+

IPython/config/tests/test_configurable.py

@@ -0,0 +1,124 b''
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+Tests for IPython.config.configurable
+
+Authors:
+
+* Brian Granger
+* Fernando Perez (design help)
+"""
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008-2010  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable, ConfigurableError
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import (
+    TraitError, Int, Float, Str
+)
+from IPython.config.loader import Config
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test cases
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class MyConfigurable(Configurable):
+    a = Int(1, config=True)
+    b = Float(1.0, config=True)
+    c = Str('no config')
+
+
+class Foo(Configurable):
+    a = Int(0, config=True)
+    b = Str('nope', config=True)
+
+
+class Bar(Foo):
+    b = Str('gotit', config=False)
+    c = Float(config=True)
+
+
+class TestConfigurableConfig(TestCase):
+
+    def test_default(self):
+        c1 = Configurable()
+        c2 = Configurable(config=c1.config)
+        c3 = Configurable(config=c2.config)
+        self.assertEquals(c1.config, c2.config)
+        self.assertEquals(c2.config, c3.config)
+
+    def test_custom(self):
+        config = Config()
+        config.foo = 'foo'
+        config.bar = 'bar'
+        c1 = Configurable(config=config)
+        c2 = Configurable(config=c1.config)
+        c3 = Configurable(config=c2.config)
+        self.assertEquals(c1.config, config)
+        self.assertEquals(c2.config, config)
+        self.assertEquals(c3.config, config)
+        # Test that copies are not made
+        self.assert_(c1.config is config)
+        self.assert_(c2.config is config)
+        self.assert_(c3.config is config)
+        self.assert_(c1.config is c2.config)
+        self.assert_(c2.config is c3.config)
+        
+    def test_inheritance(self):
+        config = Config()
+        config.MyConfigurable.a = 2
+        config.MyConfigurable.b = 2.0
+        c1 = MyConfigurable(config=config)
+        c2 = MyConfigurable(config=c1.config)
+        self.assertEquals(c1.a, config.MyConfigurable.a)
+        self.assertEquals(c1.b, config.MyConfigurable.b)
+        self.assertEquals(c2.a, config.MyConfigurable.a)
+        self.assertEquals(c2.b, config.MyConfigurable.b)
+
+    def test_parent(self):
+        config = Config()
+        config.Foo.a = 10
+        config.Foo.b = "wow"
+        config.Bar.b = 'later'
+        config.Bar.c = 100.0
+        f = Foo(config=config)
+        b = Bar(config=f.config)
+        self.assertEquals(f.a, 10)
+        self.assertEquals(f.b, 'wow')
+        self.assertEquals(b.b, 'gotit')
+        self.assertEquals(b.c, 100.0)
+
+    def test_override1(self):
+        config = Config()
+        config.MyConfigurable.a = 2
+        config.MyConfigurable.b = 2.0
+        c = MyConfigurable(a=3, config=config)
+        self.assertEquals(c.a, 3)
+        self.assertEquals(c.b, config.MyConfigurable.b)
+        self.assertEquals(c.c, 'no config')
+
+    def test_override2(self):
+        config = Config()
+        config.Foo.a = 1
+        config.Bar.b = 'or'  # Up above b is config=False, so this won't do it.
+        config.Bar.c = 10.0
+        c = Bar(config=config)
+        self.assertEquals(c.a, config.Foo.a)
+        self.assertEquals(c.b, 'gotit')
+        self.assertEquals(c.c, config.Bar.c)
+        c = Bar(a=2, b='and', c=20.0, config=config)
+        self.assertEquals(c.a, 2)
+        self.assertEquals(c.b, 'and')
+        self.assertEquals(c.c, 20.0)

IPython/core/extensions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,125 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""A class for managing IPython extensions.
+
+Authors:
+
+* Brian Granger
+"""
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2010  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import Instance
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Main class
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class ExtensionManager(Configurable):
+    """A class to manage IPython extensions.
+
+    An IPython extension is an importable Python module that has
+    a function with the signature::
+
+        def load_ipython_extension(ipython):
+            # Do things with ipython
+
+    This function is called after your extension is imported and the 
+    currently active :class:`InteractiveShell` instance is passed as
+    the only argument.  You can do anything you want with IPython at
+    that point, including defining new magic and aliases, adding new
+    components, etc.
+
+    The :func:`load_ipython_extension` will be called again is you 
+    load or reload the extension again.  It is up to the extension
+    author to add code to manage that.
+
+    You can put your extension modules anywhere you want, as long as
+    they can be imported by Python's standard import mechanism.  However,
+    to make it easy to write extensions, you can also put your extensions
+    in ``os.path.join(self.ipython_dir, 'extensions')``.  This directory
+    is added to ``sys.path`` automatically.
+    """
+
+    shell = Instance('IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShellABC')
+
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, config=None):
+        super(ExtensionManager, self).__init__(shell=shell, config=config)
+        self.shell.on_trait_change(
+            self._on_ipython_dir_changed, 'ipython_dir'
+        )
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        self.shell.on_trait_change(
+            self._on_ipython_dir_changed, 'ipython_dir', remove=True
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def ipython_extension_dir(self):
+        return os.path.join(self.shell.ipython_dir, u'extensions')
+
+    def _on_ipython_dir_changed(self):
+        if not os.path.isdir(self.ipython_extension_dir):
+            os.makedirs(self.ipython_extension_dir, mode = 0777)
+
+    def load_extension(self, module_str):
+        """Load an IPython extension by its module name.
+
+        If :func:`load_ipython_extension` returns anything, this function
+        will return that object.
+        """
+        from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
+
+        if module_str not in sys.modules:
+            with prepended_to_syspath(self.ipython_extension_dir):
+                __import__(module_str)
+        mod = sys.modules[module_str]
+        return self._call_load_ipython_extension(mod)
+
+    def unload_extension(self, module_str):
+        """Unload an IPython extension by its module name.
+
+        This function looks up the extension's name in ``sys.modules`` and
+        simply calls ``mod.unload_ipython_extension(self)``.
+        """
+        if module_str in sys.modules:
+            mod = sys.modules[module_str]
+            self._call_unload_ipython_extension(mod)
+
+    def reload_extension(self, module_str):
+        """Reload an IPython extension by calling reload.
+
+        If the module has not been loaded before,
+        :meth:`InteractiveShell.load_extension` is called. Otherwise
+        :func:`reload` is called and then the :func:`load_ipython_extension`
+        function of the module, if it exists is called.
+        """
+        from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
+
+        with prepended_to_syspath(self.ipython_extension_dir):
+            if module_str in sys.modules:
+                mod = sys.modules[module_str]
+                reload(mod)
+                self._call_load_ipython_extension(mod)
+            else:
+                self.load_extension(module_str)
+
+    def _call_load_ipython_extension(self, mod):
+        if hasattr(mod, 'load_ipython_extension'):
+            return mod.load_ipython_extension(self.shell)
+
+    def _call_unload_ipython_extension(self, mod):
+        if hasattr(mod, 'unload_ipython_extension'):
+            return mod.unload_ipython_extension(self.shell)

IPython/core/plugin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""IPython plugins.
+
+Authors:
+
+* Brian Granger
+"""
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2010  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import Dict
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Main class
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PluginManager(Configurable):
+    """A manager for IPython plugins."""
+
+    plugins = Dict({})
+
+    def __init__(self, config=None):
+        super(PluginManager, self).__init__(config=config)
+
+    def register_plugin(self, name, plugin):
+        if not isinstance(plugin, Plugin):
+            raise TypeError('Expected Plugin, got: %r' % plugin)
+        if self.plugins.has_key(name):
+            raise KeyError('Plugin with name already exists: %r' % name)
+        self.plugins[name] = plugin
+
+    def unregister_plugin(self, name):
+        del self.plugins[name]
+
+    def get_plugin(self, name, default=None):
+        return self.plugins.get(name, default)
+
+
+class Plugin(Configurable):
+    """Base class for IPython plugins."""
+    pass

IPython/core/tests/test_plugin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 b''
+"""Tests for plugin.py"""
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+from IPython.core.plugin import Plugin, PluginManager
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Tests
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class FooPlugin(Plugin):
+    pass
+
+
+class BarPlugin(Plugin):
+    pass
+
+
+class BadPlugin(object):
+    pass
+
+
+class PluginTest(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.manager = PluginManager()
+
+    def test_register_get(self):
+        self.assertEquals(None, self.manager.get_plugin('foo'))
+        foo = FooPlugin()
+        self.manager.register_plugin('foo', foo)
+        self.assertEquals(foo, self.manager.get_plugin('foo'))
+        bar = BarPlugin()
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.manager.register_plugin, 'foo', bar)
+        bad = BadPlugin()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.manager.register_plugin, 'bad')
+
+    def test_unregister(self):
+        foo = FooPlugin()
+        self.manager.register_plugin('foo', foo)
+        self.manager.unregister_plugin('foo')
+        self.assertEquals(None, self.manager.get_plugin('foo'))

IPython/__init__.py

@@ -1,66 +1,66 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 IPython.
 
 IPython is a set of tools for interactive and exploratory computing in Python.
 """
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import os
 import sys
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Setup everything
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-if sys.version[0:3] < '2.5':
-    raise ImportError('Python Version 2.5 or above is required for IPython.')
+if sys.version[0:3] < '2.6':
+    raise ImportError('Python Version 2.6 or above is required for IPython.')
 
 
 # Make it easy to import extensions - they are always directly on pythonpath.
 # Therefore, non-IPython modules can be added to extensions directory.
 # This should probably be in ipapp.py.
 sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "extensions"))
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Setup the top level names
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from .config.loader import Config
 from .core import release
 from .core.application import Application
 from .core.ipapp import IPythonApp
 from .core.embed import embed
 from .core.error import TryNext
 from .core.iplib import InteractiveShell
 from .testing import test
 
 from .lib import (
     enable_wx, disable_wx,
     enable_gtk, disable_gtk,
     enable_qt4, disable_qt4,
     enable_tk, disable_tk,
     set_inputhook, clear_inputhook,
     current_gui, spin,
     appstart_qt4, appstart_wx,
     appstart_gtk, appstart_tk
 )
 
 # Release data
 __author__ = ''
 for author, email in release.authors.values():
     __author__ += author + ' <' + email + '>\n'
 __license__  = release.license
 __version__  = release.version
 __revision__ = release.revision

IPython/core/alias.py

@@ -1,262 +1,258 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
-IPython's alias component
+System command aliases.
 
 Authors:
 
+* Fernando Perez
 * Brian Granger
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import __builtin__
 import keyword
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 
-from IPython.core.component import Component
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
 from IPython.core.splitinput import split_user_input
 
-from IPython.utils.traitlets import List
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import List, Instance
 from IPython.utils.autoattr import auto_attr
 from IPython.utils.warn import warn, error
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utilities
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # This is used as the pattern for calls to split_user_input.
 shell_line_split = re.compile(r'^(\s*)(\S*\s*)(.*$)')
 
 def default_aliases():
     # Make some aliases automatically
     # Prepare list of shell aliases to auto-define
     if os.name == 'posix':
         default_aliases = ('mkdir mkdir', 'rmdir rmdir',
                       'mv mv -i','rm rm -i','cp cp -i',
                       'cat cat','less less','clear clear',
                       # a better ls
                       'ls ls -F',
                       # long ls
                       'll ls -lF')
         # Extra ls aliases with color, which need special treatment on BSD
         # variants
         ls_extra = ( # color ls
                      'lc ls -F -o --color',
                      # ls normal files only
                      'lf ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-',
                      # ls symbolic links
                      'lk ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^l',
                      # directories or links to directories,
                      'ldir ls -F -o --color %l | grep /$',
                      # things which are executable
                      'lx ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-..x',
                      )
         # The BSDs don't ship GNU ls, so they don't understand the
         # --color switch out of the box
         if 'bsd' in sys.platform:
             ls_extra = ( # ls normal files only
                          'lf ls -lF | grep ^-',
                          # ls symbolic links
                          'lk ls -lF | grep ^l',
                          # directories or links to directories,
                          'ldir ls -lF | grep /$',
                          # things which are executable
                          'lx ls -lF | grep ^-..x',
                          )
         default_aliases = default_aliases + ls_extra
     elif os.name in ['nt','dos']:
         default_aliases = ('ls dir /on',
                       'ddir dir /ad /on', 'ldir dir /ad /on',
                       'mkdir mkdir','rmdir rmdir','echo echo',
                       'ren ren','cls cls','copy copy')
     else:
         default_aliases = ()
     return [s.split(None,1) for s in default_aliases]
 
 
 class AliasError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 class InvalidAliasError(AliasError):
     pass
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main AliasManager class
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-class AliasManager(Component):
+class AliasManager(Configurable):
 
     default_aliases = List(default_aliases(), config=True)
     user_aliases = List(default_value=[], config=True)
+    shell = Instance('IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShellABC')
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, config=None):
-        super(AliasManager, self).__init__(parent, config=config)
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, config=None):
+        super(AliasManager, self).__init__(shell=shell, config=config)
         self.alias_table = {}
         self.exclude_aliases()
         self.init_aliases()
 
-    @auto_attr
-    def shell(self):
-        return Component.get_instances(
-            root=self.root,
-            klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell')[0]
-
     def __contains__(self, name):
         if name in self.alias_table:
             return True
         else:
             return False
 
     @property
     def aliases(self):
         return [(item[0], item[1][1]) for item in self.alias_table.iteritems()]
 
     def exclude_aliases(self):
         # set of things NOT to alias (keywords, builtins and some magics)
         no_alias = set(['cd','popd','pushd','dhist','alias','unalias'])
         no_alias.update(set(keyword.kwlist))
         no_alias.update(set(__builtin__.__dict__.keys()))
         self.no_alias = no_alias
 
     def init_aliases(self):
         # Load default aliases
         for name, cmd in self.default_aliases:
             self.soft_define_alias(name, cmd)
 
         # Load user aliases
         for name, cmd in self.user_aliases:
             self.soft_define_alias(name, cmd)
 
     def clear_aliases(self):
         self.alias_table.clear()
 
     def soft_define_alias(self, name, cmd):
         """Define an alias, but don't raise on an AliasError."""
         try:
             self.define_alias(name, cmd)
         except AliasError, e:
             error("Invalid alias: %s" % e)
 
     def define_alias(self, name, cmd):
         """Define a new alias after validating it.
 
         This will raise an :exc:`AliasError` if there are validation
         problems.
         """
         nargs = self.validate_alias(name, cmd)
         self.alias_table[name] = (nargs, cmd)
 
     def undefine_alias(self, name):
         if self.alias_table.has_key(name):
             del self.alias_table[name]
 
     def validate_alias(self, name, cmd):
         """Validate an alias and return the its number of arguments."""
         if name in self.no_alias:
             raise InvalidAliasError("The name %s can't be aliased "
                                     "because it is a keyword or builtin." % name)
         if not (isinstance(cmd, basestring)):
             raise InvalidAliasError("An alias command must be a string, "
                                     "got: %r" % name)
         nargs = cmd.count('%s')
         if nargs>0 and cmd.find('%l')>=0:
             raise InvalidAliasError('The %s and %l specifiers are mutually '
                                     'exclusive in alias definitions.')
         return nargs
 
     def call_alias(self, alias, rest=''):
         """Call an alias given its name and the rest of the line."""
         cmd = self.transform_alias(alias, rest)
         try:
             self.shell.system(cmd)
         except:
             self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def transform_alias(self, alias,rest=''):
         """Transform alias to system command string."""
         nargs, cmd = self.alias_table[alias]
 
         if ' ' in cmd and os.path.isfile(cmd):
             cmd = '"%s"' % cmd
 
         # Expand the %l special to be the user's input line
         if cmd.find('%l') >= 0:
             cmd = cmd.replace('%l', rest)
             rest = ''
         if nargs==0:
             # Simple, argument-less aliases
             cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd, rest)
         else:
             # Handle aliases with positional arguments
             args = rest.split(None, nargs)
             if len(args) < nargs:
                 raise AliasError('Alias <%s> requires %s arguments, %s given.' %
                       (alias, nargs, len(args)))
             cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd % tuple(args[:nargs]),' '.join(args[nargs:]))
         return cmd
 
     def expand_alias(self, line):
         """ Expand an alias in the command line 
         
         Returns the provided command line, possibly with the first word 
         (command) translated according to alias expansion rules.
         
         [ipython]|16> _ip.expand_aliases("np myfile.txt")
                  <16> 'q:/opt/np/notepad++.exe myfile.txt'
         """
         
         pre,fn,rest = split_user_input(line)
         res = pre + self.expand_aliases(fn, rest)
         return res
 
     def expand_aliases(self, fn, rest):
         """Expand multiple levels of aliases:
         
         if:
         
         alias foo bar /tmp
         alias baz foo
         
         then:
         
         baz huhhahhei -> bar /tmp huhhahhei
         
         """
         line = fn + " " + rest
         
         done = set()
         while 1:
             pre,fn,rest = split_user_input(line, shell_line_split)
             if fn in self.alias_table:
                 if fn in done:
                     warn("Cyclic alias definition, repeated '%s'" % fn)
                     return ""
                 done.add(fn)
 
                 l2 = self.transform_alias(fn, rest)
                 if l2 == line:
                     break
                 # ls -> ls -F should not recurse forever
                 if l2.split(None,1)[0] == line.split(None,1)[0]:
                     line = l2
                     break
                 line=l2
             else:
                 break
                 
         return line

IPython/core/application.py

@@ -1,453 +1,453 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 An application for IPython.
 
 All top-level applications should use the classes in this module for
 handling configuration and creating componenets.
 
 The job of an :class:`Application` is to create the master configuration 
-object and then create the components, passing the config to them.
+object and then create the configurable objects, passing the config to them.
 
 Authors:
 
 * Brian Granger
 * Fernando Perez
 
 Notes
 -----
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import logging
 import os
 import sys
 
 from IPython.core import release, crashhandler
 from IPython.utils.path import get_ipython_dir, get_ipython_package_dir
 from IPython.config.loader import (
     PyFileConfigLoader,
     ArgParseConfigLoader,
     Config,
 )
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class ApplicationError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 class BaseAppConfigLoader(ArgParseConfigLoader):
     """Default command line options for IPython based applications."""
 
     def _add_ipython_dir(self, parser):
         """Add the --ipython-dir option to the parser."""
         paa = parser.add_argument
         paa('--ipython-dir', 
             dest='Global.ipython_dir',type=unicode,
             help=
             """Set to override default location of the IPython directory
             IPYTHON_DIR, stored as Global.ipython_dir.  This can also be 
             specified through the environment variable IPYTHON_DIR.""",
             metavar='Global.ipython_dir')
 
     def _add_log_level(self, parser):
         """Add the --log-level option to the parser."""
         paa = parser.add_argument
         paa('--log-level',
             dest="Global.log_level",type=int,
             help='Set the log level (0,10,20,30,40,50).  Default is 30.',
             metavar='Global.log_level')
 
     def _add_arguments(self):
         self._add_ipython_dir(self.parser)
         self._add_log_level(self.parser)
 
 
 class Application(object):
-    """Load a config, construct components and set them running.
+    """Load a config, construct configurables and set them running.
 
     The configuration of an application can be done via three different Config
     objects, which are loaded and ultimately merged into a single one used
     from that point on by the app. These are:
 
     1. default_config: internal defaults, implemented in code.
     2. file_config: read from the filesystem.
     3. command_line_config: read from the system's command line flags.
 
     During initialization, 3 is actually read before 2, since at the
     command-line one may override the location of the file to be read.  But the
     above is the order in which the merge is made.
     """
 
     name = u'ipython'
     description = 'IPython: an enhanced interactive Python shell.'
     #: Usage message printed by argparse. If None, auto-generate
     usage = None
     #: The command line config loader.  Subclass of ArgParseConfigLoader.
     command_line_loader = BaseAppConfigLoader
     #: The name of the config file to load, determined at runtime
     config_file_name = None
     #: The name of the default config file. Track separately from the actual
     #: name because some logic happens only if we aren't using the default.
     default_config_file_name = u'ipython_config.py'
     default_log_level = logging.WARN
     #: Set by --profile option
     profile_name = None
     #: User's ipython directory, typically ~/.ipython/
     ipython_dir = None
     #: Internal defaults, implemented in code.
     default_config = None
     #: Read from the filesystem.
     file_config = None
     #: Read from the system's command line flags.
     command_line_config = None
-    #: The final config that will be passed to the component.
+    #: The final config that will be passed to the main object.
     master_config = None
     #: A reference to the argv to be used (typically ends up being sys.argv[1:])
     argv = None
     #: extra arguments computed by the command-line loader
     extra_args = None
     #: The class to use as the crash handler.
     crash_handler_class = crashhandler.CrashHandler
 
     # Private attributes
     _exiting = False
     _initialized = False
 
     def __init__(self, argv=None):
         self.argv = sys.argv[1:] if argv is None else argv
         self.init_logger()
 
     def init_logger(self):
         self.log = logging.getLogger(self.__class__.__name__)
         # This is used as the default until the command line arguments are read.
         self.log.setLevel(self.default_log_level)
         self._log_handler = logging.StreamHandler()
         self._log_formatter = logging.Formatter("[%(name)s] %(message)s")
         self._log_handler.setFormatter(self._log_formatter)
         self.log.addHandler(self._log_handler)
 
     def _set_log_level(self, level):
         self.log.setLevel(level)
 
     def _get_log_level(self):
         return self.log.level
 
     log_level = property(_get_log_level, _set_log_level)
 
     def initialize(self):
         """Initialize the application.
 
         Loads all configuration information and sets all application state, but
         does not start any relevant processing (typically some kind of event
         loop).
 
         Once this method has been called, the application is flagged as
         initialized and the method becomes a no-op."""
         
         if self._initialized:
             return
 
         # The first part is protected with an 'attempt' wrapper, that will log
         # failures with the basic system traceback machinery.  Once our crash
         # handler is in place, we can let any subsequent exception propagate,
         # as our handler will log it with much better detail than the default.
         self.attempt(self.create_crash_handler)
 
         # Configuration phase
         # Default config (internally hardwired in application code)
         self.create_default_config()
         self.log_default_config()
         self.set_default_config_log_level()
 
         # Command-line config
         self.pre_load_command_line_config()
         self.load_command_line_config()
         self.set_command_line_config_log_level()
         self.post_load_command_line_config()
         self.log_command_line_config()
 
         # Find resources needed for filesystem access, using information from
         # the above two
         self.find_ipython_dir()
         self.find_resources()
         self.find_config_file_name()
         self.find_config_file_paths()
 
         # File-based config
         self.pre_load_file_config()
         self.load_file_config()
         self.set_file_config_log_level()
         self.post_load_file_config()
         self.log_file_config()
 
         # Merge all config objects into a single one the app can then use
         self.merge_configs()
         self.log_master_config()
 
         # Construction phase
         self.pre_construct()
         self.construct()
         self.post_construct()
 
         # Done, flag as such and
         self._initialized = True
 
     def start(self):
         """Start the application."""
         self.initialize()
         self.start_app()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Various stages of Application creation
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def create_crash_handler(self):
         """Create a crash handler, typically setting sys.excepthook to it."""
         self.crash_handler = self.crash_handler_class(self)
         sys.excepthook = self.crash_handler
 
     def create_default_config(self):
         """Create defaults that can't be set elsewhere.
 
         For the most part, we try to set default in the class attributes
-        of Components.  But, defaults the top-level Application (which is
-        not a HasTraits or Component) are not set in this way.  Instead
+        of Configurables.  But, defaults the top-level Application (which is
+        not a HasTraits or Configurables) are not set in this way.  Instead
         we set them here.  The Global section is for variables like this that
-        don't belong to a particular component.
+        don't belong to a particular configurable.
         """
         c = Config()
         c.Global.ipython_dir = get_ipython_dir()
         c.Global.log_level = self.log_level
         self.default_config = c
 
     def log_default_config(self):
         self.log.debug('Default config loaded:')
         self.log.debug(repr(self.default_config))
 
     def set_default_config_log_level(self):
         try:
             self.log_level = self.default_config.Global.log_level
         except AttributeError:
             # Fallback to the default_log_level class attribute
             pass
 
     def create_command_line_config(self):
         """Create and return a command line config loader."""
         return self.command_line_loader(
             self.argv,
             description=self.description, 
             version=release.version,
             usage=self.usage
         )
 
     def pre_load_command_line_config(self):
         """Do actions just before loading the command line config."""
         pass
 
     def load_command_line_config(self):
         """Load the command line config."""
         loader = self.create_command_line_config()
         self.command_line_config = loader.load_config()
         self.extra_args = loader.get_extra_args()
 
     def set_command_line_config_log_level(self):
         try:
             self.log_level = self.command_line_config.Global.log_level
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
     def post_load_command_line_config(self):
         """Do actions just after loading the command line config."""
         pass
 
     def log_command_line_config(self):
         self.log.debug("Command line config loaded:")
         self.log.debug(repr(self.command_line_config))
 
     def find_ipython_dir(self):
         """Set the IPython directory.
 
         This sets ``self.ipython_dir``, but the actual value that is passed to
         the application is kept in either ``self.default_config`` or
         ``self.command_line_config``.  This also adds ``self.ipython_dir`` to
         ``sys.path`` so config files there can be referenced by other config
         files.
         """
 
         try:
             self.ipython_dir = self.command_line_config.Global.ipython_dir
         except AttributeError:
             self.ipython_dir = self.default_config.Global.ipython_dir
         sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(self.ipython_dir))
         if not os.path.isdir(self.ipython_dir):
             os.makedirs(self.ipython_dir, mode=0777)
         self.log.debug("IPYTHON_DIR set to: %s" % self.ipython_dir)
 
     def find_resources(self):
         """Find other resources that need to be in place.
 
         Things like cluster directories need to be in place to find the
         config file.  These happen right after the IPython directory has
         been set.
         """
         pass
 
     def find_config_file_name(self):
         """Find the config file name for this application.
 
         This must set ``self.config_file_name`` to the filename of the
         config file to use (just the filename). The search paths for the
         config file are set in :meth:`find_config_file_paths` and then passed
         to the config file loader where they are resolved to an absolute path.
 
         If a profile has been set at the command line, this will resolve it.
         """
         try:
             self.config_file_name = self.command_line_config.Global.config_file
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         else:
             return
 
         try:
             self.profile_name = self.command_line_config.Global.profile
         except AttributeError:
             # Just use the default as there is no profile
             self.config_file_name = self.default_config_file_name
         else:
             # Use the default config file name and profile name if set
             # to determine the used config file name.
             name_parts = self.default_config_file_name.split('.')
             name_parts.insert(1, u'_' + self.profile_name + u'.')
             self.config_file_name = ''.join(name_parts)
 
     def find_config_file_paths(self):
         """Set the search paths for resolving the config file.
 
         This must set ``self.config_file_paths`` to a sequence of search
         paths to pass to the config file loader.
         """
         # Include our own profiles directory last, so that users can still find
         # our shipped copies of builtin profiles even if they don't have them
         # in their local ipython directory.
         prof_dir = os.path.join(get_ipython_package_dir(), 'config', 'profile')
         self.config_file_paths = (os.getcwd(), self.ipython_dir, prof_dir)
 
     def pre_load_file_config(self):
         """Do actions before the config file is loaded."""
         pass
 
     def load_file_config(self):
         """Load the config file.
         
         This tries to load the config file from disk.  If successful, the
         ``CONFIG_FILE`` config variable is set to the resolved config file
         location.  If not successful, an empty config is used.
         """
         self.log.debug("Attempting to load config file: %s" %
                        self.config_file_name)
         loader = PyFileConfigLoader(self.config_file_name,
                                     path=self.config_file_paths)
         try:
             self.file_config = loader.load_config()
             self.file_config.Global.config_file = loader.full_filename
         except IOError:
             # Only warn if the default config file was NOT being used.
             if not self.config_file_name==self.default_config_file_name:
                 self.log.warn("Config file not found, skipping: %s" %
                                self.config_file_name, exc_info=True)
             self.file_config = Config()
         except:
             self.log.warn("Error loading config file: %s" %
                           self.config_file_name, exc_info=True)
             self.file_config = Config()
 
     def set_file_config_log_level(self):
         # We need to keeep self.log_level updated.  But we only use the value
         # of the file_config if a value was not specified at the command
         # line, because the command line overrides everything.
         if not hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'log_level'):
             try:
                 self.log_level = self.file_config.Global.log_level
             except AttributeError:
                 pass # Use existing value
 
     def post_load_file_config(self):
         """Do actions after the config file is loaded."""
         pass
 
     def log_file_config(self):
         if hasattr(self.file_config.Global, 'config_file'):
             self.log.debug("Config file loaded: %s" %
                            self.file_config.Global.config_file)
             self.log.debug(repr(self.file_config))
 
     def merge_configs(self):
         """Merge the default, command line and file config objects."""
         config = Config()
         config._merge(self.default_config)
         config._merge(self.file_config)
         config._merge(self.command_line_config)
 
         # XXX fperez - propose to Brian we rename master_config to simply
         # config, I think this is going to be heavily used in examples and
         # application code and the name is shorter/easier to find/remember.
         # For now, just alias it...
         self.master_config = config
         self.config = config
 
     def log_master_config(self):
         self.log.debug("Master config created:")
         self.log.debug(repr(self.master_config))
 
     def pre_construct(self):
         """Do actions after the config has been built, but before construct."""
         pass
 
     def construct(self):
-        """Construct the main components that make up this app."""
-        self.log.debug("Constructing components for application")
+        """Construct the main objects that make up this app."""
+        self.log.debug("Constructing main objects for application")
 
     def post_construct(self):
         """Do actions after construct, but before starting the app."""
         pass
 
     def start_app(self):
         """Actually start the app."""
         self.log.debug("Starting application")
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Utility methods
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def exit(self, exit_status=0):
         if self._exiting:
             pass
         else:
             self.log.debug("Exiting application: %s" % self.name)
             self._exiting = True
             sys.exit(exit_status)
 
     def attempt(self, func):
         try:
             func()
         except SystemExit:
             raise
         except:
             self.log.critical("Aborting application: %s" % self.name,
                               exc_info=True)
             self.exit(0)
 

IPython/core/builtin_trap.py

@@ -1,118 +1,115 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 A context manager for managing things injected into :mod:`__builtin__`.
 
 Authors:
 
 * Brian Granger
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import __builtin__
 
-from IPython.core.component import Component
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
 from IPython.core.quitter import Quitter
 
-from IPython.utils.autoattr import auto_attr
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import Instance
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class __BuiltinUndefined(object): pass
 BuiltinUndefined = __BuiltinUndefined()
 
 
-class BuiltinTrap(Component):
+class BuiltinTrap(Configurable):
 
-    def __init__(self, parent):
-        super(BuiltinTrap, self).__init__(parent, None, None)
+    shell = Instance('IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShellABC')
+
+    def __init__(self, shell=None):
+        super(BuiltinTrap, self).__init__(shell=shell, config=None)
         self._orig_builtins = {}
         # We define this to track if a single BuiltinTrap is nested.
         # Only turn off the trap when the outermost call to __exit__ is made.
         self._nested_level = 0
-
-    @auto_attr
-    def shell(self):
-        return Component.get_instances(
-            root=self.root,
-            klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell')[0]
+        self.shell = shell
 
     def __enter__(self):
         if self._nested_level == 0:
             self.set()
         self._nested_level += 1
         # I return self, so callers can use add_builtin in a with clause.
         return self
 
     def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
         if self._nested_level == 1:
             self.unset()
         self._nested_level -= 1
         # Returning False will cause exceptions to propagate
         return False
 
     def add_builtin(self, key, value):
         """Add a builtin and save the original."""
         orig = __builtin__.__dict__.get(key, BuiltinUndefined)
         self._orig_builtins[key] = orig
         __builtin__.__dict__[key] = value
 
     def remove_builtin(self, key):
         """Remove an added builtin and re-set the original."""
         try:
             orig = self._orig_builtins.pop(key)
         except KeyError:
             pass
         else:
             if orig is BuiltinUndefined:
                 del __builtin__.__dict__[key]
             else:
                 __builtin__.__dict__[key] = orig
 
     def set(self):
         """Store ipython references in the __builtin__ namespace."""
         self.add_builtin('exit', Quitter(self.shell, 'exit'))
         self.add_builtin('quit', Quitter(self.shell, 'quit'))
         self.add_builtin('get_ipython', self.shell.get_ipython)
 
         # Recursive reload function
         try:
             from IPython.lib import deepreload
             if self.shell.deep_reload:
                 self.add_builtin('reload', deepreload.reload)
             else:
                 self.add_builtin('dreload', deepreload.reload)
             del deepreload
         except ImportError:
             pass
 
         # Keep in the builtins a flag for when IPython is active.  We set it
         # with setdefault so that multiple nested IPythons don't clobber one
         # another.  Each will increase its value by one upon being activated,
         # which also gives us a way to determine the nesting level.
         __builtin__.__dict__.setdefault('__IPYTHON__active',0)
 
     def unset(self):
         """Remove any builtins which might have been added by add_builtins, or
         restore overwritten ones to their previous values."""
         for key in self._orig_builtins.keys():
             self.remove_builtin(key)
         self._orig_builtins.clear()
         self._builtins_added = False
         try:
             del __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active']
         except KeyError:
             pass

IPython/core/display_trap.py

@@ -1,75 +1,71 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 A context manager for handling sys.displayhook.
 
 Authors:
 
 * Robert Kern
 * Brian Granger
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import sys
 
-from IPython.core.component import Component
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import Any
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-class DisplayTrap(Component):
+class DisplayTrap(Configurable):
     """Object to manage sys.displayhook.
 
     This came from IPython.core.kernel.display_hook, but is simplified
     (no callbacks or formatters) until more of the core is refactored.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, hook):
-        super(DisplayTrap, self).__init__(parent, None, None)
-        self.hook = hook
+    hook = Any
+
+    def __init__(self, hook=None):
+        super(DisplayTrap, self).__init__(hook=hook, config=None)
         self.old_hook = None
         # We define this to track if a single BuiltinTrap is nested.
         # Only turn off the trap when the outermost call to __exit__ is made.
         self._nested_level = 0
 
-    # @auto_attr
-    # def shell(self):
-    #     return Component.get_instances(
-    #         root=self.root,
-    #         klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell')[0]
-
     def __enter__(self):
         if self._nested_level == 0:
             self.set()
         self._nested_level += 1
         return self
 
     def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
         if self._nested_level == 1:
             self.unset()
         self._nested_level -= 1
         # Returning False will cause exceptions to propagate
         return False
 
     def set(self):
         """Set the hook."""
         if sys.displayhook is not self.hook:
             self.old_hook = sys.displayhook
             sys.displayhook = self.hook
 
     def unset(self):
         """Unset the hook."""
         sys.displayhook = self.old_hook
 

IPython/core/ipapi.py

@@ -1,36 +1,30 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 This module is *completely* deprecated and should no longer be used for
 any purpose.  Currently, we have a few parts of the core that have
 not been componentized and thus, still rely on this module.  When everything
 has been made into a component, this module will be sent to deathrow.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 def get():
-    """Get the most recently created InteractiveShell instance."""
+    """Get the global InteractiveShell instance."""
     from IPython.core.iplib import InteractiveShell
-    insts = InteractiveShell.get_instances()
-    if len(insts)==0:
-        return None
-    most_recent = insts[0]
-    for inst in insts[1:]:
-        if inst.created > most_recent.created:
-            most_recent = inst
-    return most_recent
+    return InteractiveShell.instance()
+

IPython/core/ipapp.py

@@ -1,665 +1,665 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 The :class:`~IPython.core.application.Application` object for the command
 line :command:`ipython` program.
 
 Authors
 -------
 
 * Brian Granger
 * Fernando Perez
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2010  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import logging
 import os
 import sys
 
 from IPython.core import release
 from IPython.core.crashhandler import CrashHandler
 from IPython.core.application import Application, BaseAppConfigLoader
 from IPython.core.iplib import InteractiveShell
 from IPython.config.loader import (
     Config,
     PyFileConfigLoader
 )
 from IPython.lib import inputhook
 from IPython.utils.path import filefind, get_ipython_dir
 from . import usage
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals, utilities and helpers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #: The default config file name for this application.
 default_config_file_name = u'ipython_config.py'
 
 
 class IPAppConfigLoader(BaseAppConfigLoader):
 
     def _add_arguments(self):
         super(IPAppConfigLoader, self)._add_arguments()
         paa = self.parser.add_argument
         paa('-p', 
             '--profile', dest='Global.profile', type=unicode,
             help=
             """The string name of the ipython profile to be used.  Assume that your
             config file is ipython_config-<name>.py (looks in current dir first,
             then in IPYTHON_DIR). This is a quick way to keep and load multiple
             config files for different tasks, especially if include your basic one
             in your more specialized ones.  You can keep a basic
             IPYTHON_DIR/ipython_config.py file and then have other 'profiles' which
             include this one and load extra things for particular tasks.""",
             metavar='Global.profile')
         paa('--config-file', 
             dest='Global.config_file', type=unicode,
             help=
             """Set the config file name to override default.  Normally IPython
             loads ipython_config.py (from current directory) or
             IPYTHON_DIR/ipython_config.py.  If the loading of your config file
             fails, IPython starts with a bare bones configuration (no modules
             loaded at all).""",
             metavar='Global.config_file')
         paa('--autocall', 
             dest='InteractiveShell.autocall', type=int, 
             help=
             """Make IPython automatically call any callable object even if you
             didn't type explicit parentheses. For example, 'str 43' becomes
             'str(43)' automatically.  The value can be '0' to disable the feature,
             '1' for 'smart' autocall, where it is not applied if there are no more
             arguments on the line, and '2' for 'full' autocall, where all callable
             objects are automatically called (even if no arguments are present).
             The default is '1'.""",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.autocall')
         paa('--autoindent',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.autoindent',
             help='Turn on autoindenting.')
         paa('--no-autoindent',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.autoindent',
             help='Turn off autoindenting.')
         paa('--automagic',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.automagic',
             help=
             """Turn on the auto calling of magic commands. Type %%magic at the
             IPython  prompt  for  more information.""")
         paa('--no-automagic',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.automagic',
             help='Turn off the auto calling of magic commands.')
         paa('--autoedit-syntax',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.autoedit_syntax',
             help='Turn on auto editing of files with syntax errors.')
         paa('--no-autoedit-syntax',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.autoedit_syntax',
             help='Turn off auto editing of files with syntax errors.')
         paa('--banner',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.display_banner',
             help='Display a banner upon starting IPython.')
         paa('--no-banner',
             action='store_false', dest='Global.display_banner',
             help="Don't display a banner upon starting IPython.")
         paa('--cache-size',
             type=int, dest='InteractiveShell.cache_size',
             help=
             """Set the size of the output cache.  The default is 1000, you can
             change it permanently in your config file.  Setting it to 0 completely
             disables the caching system, and the minimum value accepted is 20 (if
             you provide a value less than 20, it is reset to 0 and a warning is
             issued).  This limit is defined because otherwise you'll spend more
             time re-flushing a too small cache than working""",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.cache_size')
         paa('--classic',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.classic',
             help="Gives IPython a similar feel to the classic Python prompt.")
         paa('--colors',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.colors',
             help="Set the color scheme (NoColor, Linux, and LightBG).",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.colors')
         paa('--color-info',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.color_info',
             help=
             """IPython can display information about objects via a set of func-
             tions, and optionally can use colors for this, syntax highlighting
             source code and various other elements.  However, because this
             information is passed through a pager (like 'less') and many pagers get
             confused with color codes, this option is off by default.  You can test
             it and turn it on permanently in your ipython_config.py file if it
             works for you.  Test it and turn it on permanently if it works with
             your system.  The magic function %%color_info allows you to toggle this
             inter- actively for testing.""")
         paa('--no-color-info',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.color_info',
             help="Disable using colors for info related things.")
         paa('--confirm-exit',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.confirm_exit',
             help=
             """Set to confirm when you try to exit IPython with an EOF (Control-D
             in Unix, Control-Z/Enter in Windows). By typing 'exit', 'quit' or
             '%%Exit', you can force a direct exit without any confirmation.""")
         paa('--no-confirm-exit',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.confirm_exit',
             help="Don't prompt the user when exiting.")
         paa('--deep-reload',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.deep_reload',
             help=
             """Enable deep (recursive) reloading by default. IPython can use the
             deep_reload module which reloads changes in modules recursively (it
             replaces the reload() function, so you don't need to change anything to
             use it). deep_reload() forces a full reload of modules whose code may
             have changed, which the default reload() function does not.  When
             deep_reload is off, IPython will use the normal reload(), but
             deep_reload will still be available as dreload(). This fea- ture is off
             by default [which means that you have both normal reload() and
             dreload()].""")
         paa('--no-deep-reload',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.deep_reload',
             help="Disable deep (recursive) reloading by default.")
         paa('--editor',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.editor',
             help="Set the editor used by IPython (default to $EDITOR/vi/notepad).",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.editor')
         paa('--log','-l', 
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.logstart',
             help="Start logging to the default log file (./ipython_log.py).")
         paa('--logfile','-lf',
             type=unicode, dest='InteractiveShell.logfile',
             help="Start logging to logfile with this name.",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.logfile')
         paa('--log-append','-la',
             type=unicode, dest='InteractiveShell.logappend',
             help="Start logging to the given file in append mode.",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.logfile')
         paa('--pdb',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.pdb',
             help="Enable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.")
         paa('--no-pdb',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.pdb',
             help="Disable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.")
         paa('--pprint',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.pprint',
             help="Enable auto pretty printing of results.")
         paa('--no-pprint',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.pprint',
             help="Disable auto auto pretty printing of results.")
         paa('--prompt-in1','-pi1',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_in1',
             help=
             """Set the main input prompt ('In [\#]: ').  Note that if you are using
             numbered prompts, the number is represented with a '\#' in the string.
             Don't forget to quote strings with spaces embedded in them. Most
             bash-like escapes can be used to customize IPython's prompts, as well
             as a few additional ones which are IPython-spe- cific.  All valid
             prompt escapes are described in detail in the Customization section of
             the IPython manual.""",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_in1')
         paa('--prompt-in2','-pi2',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_in2',
             help=
             """Set the secondary input prompt (' .\D.: ').  Similar to the previous
             option, but used for the continuation prompts. The special sequence
             '\D' is similar to '\#', but with all digits replaced by dots (so you
             can have your continuation prompt aligned with your input prompt).
             Default: ' .\D.: ' (note three spaces at the start for alignment with
             'In [\#]')""",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_in2')
         paa('--prompt-out','-po',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_out',
             help="Set the output prompt ('Out[\#]:')",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_out')
         paa('--quick',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.quick',
             help="Enable quick startup with no config files.")
         paa('--readline',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.readline_use',
             help="Enable readline for command line usage.")
         paa('--no-readline',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.readline_use',
             help="Disable readline for command line usage.")
         paa('--screen-length','-sl',
             type=int, dest='InteractiveShell.screen_length',
             help=
             """Number of lines of your screen, used to control printing of very
             long strings.  Strings longer than this number of lines will be sent
             through a pager instead of directly printed.  The default value for
             this is 0, which means IPython will auto-detect your screen size every
             time it needs to print certain potentially long strings (this doesn't
             change the behavior of the 'print' keyword, it's only triggered
             internally). If for some reason this isn't working well (it needs
             curses support), specify it yourself. Otherwise don't change the
             default.""",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.screen_length')
         paa('--separate-in','-si',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_in',
             help="Separator before input prompts.  Default '\\n'.",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_in')
         paa('--separate-out','-so',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_out',
             help="Separator before output prompts.  Default 0 (nothing).",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_out')
         paa('--separate-out2','-so2', 
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_out2',
             help="Separator after output prompts.  Default 0 (nonight).",
             metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_out2')
         paa('--no-sep',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.nosep',
             help="Eliminate all spacing between prompts.")
         paa('--term-title',
             action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.term_title',
             help="Enable auto setting the terminal title.")
         paa('--no-term-title',
             action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.term_title',
             help="Disable auto setting the terminal title.")
         paa('--xmode',
             type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.xmode',
             help=
             """Exception reporting mode ('Plain','Context','Verbose').  Plain:
             similar to python's normal traceback printing.  Context: prints 5 lines
             of context source code around each line in the traceback.  Verbose:
             similar to Context, but additionally prints the variables currently
             visible where the exception happened (shortening their strings if too
             long).  This can potentially be very slow, if you happen to have a huge
             data structure whose string representation is complex to compute.
             Your computer may appear to freeze for a while with cpu usage at 100%%.
             If this occurs, you can cancel the traceback with Ctrl-C (maybe hitting
             it more than once).
             """,
             metavar='InteractiveShell.xmode')
         paa('--ext',
             type=str, dest='Global.extra_extension',
             help="The dotted module name of an IPython extension to load.",
             metavar='Global.extra_extension')
         paa('-c',
             type=str, dest='Global.code_to_run',
             help="Execute the given command string.",
             metavar='Global.code_to_run')
         paa('-i',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.force_interact',
             help=
             "If running code from the command line, become interactive afterwards.")
 
         # Options to start with GUI control enabled from the beginning
         paa('--gui',
             type=str, dest='Global.gui',
             help="Enable GUI event loop integration ('qt', 'wx', 'gtk').",
             metavar='gui-mode')
         paa('--pylab','-pylab',
             type=str, dest='Global.pylab',
             nargs='?', const='auto', metavar='gui-mode',
             help="Pre-load matplotlib and numpy for interactive use. "+
             "If no value is given, the gui backend is matplotlib's, else use "+
             "one of:  ['tk', 'qt', 'wx', 'gtk'].")
 
         # Legacy GUI options.  Leave them in for backwards compatibility, but the
         # 'thread' names are really a misnomer now.
         paa('--wthread', '-wthread',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.wthread',
             help=
             """Enable wxPython event loop integration. (DEPRECATED, use --gui wx)""")
         paa('--q4thread', '--qthread', '-q4thread', '-qthread',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.q4thread',
             help=
             """Enable Qt4 event loop integration. Qt3 is no longer supported.
             (DEPRECATED, use --gui qt)""")
         paa('--gthread', '-gthread',
             action='store_true', dest='Global.gthread',
             help=
             """Enable GTK event loop integration. (DEPRECATED, use --gui gtk)""")
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Crash handler for this application
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 _message_template = """\
 Oops, $self.app_name crashed. We do our best to make it stable, but...
 
 A crash report was automatically generated with the following information:
   - A verbatim copy of the crash traceback.
   - A copy of your input history during this session.
   - Data on your current $self.app_name configuration.
 
 It was left in the file named:
 \t'$self.crash_report_fname'
 If you can email this file to the developers, the information in it will help
 them in understanding and correcting the problem.
 
 You can mail it to: $self.contact_name at $self.contact_email
 with the subject '$self.app_name Crash Report'.
 
 If you want to do it now, the following command will work (under Unix):
 mail -s '$self.app_name Crash Report' $self.contact_email < $self.crash_report_fname
 
 To ensure accurate tracking of this issue, please file a report about it at:
 $self.bug_tracker
 """
 
 class IPAppCrashHandler(CrashHandler):
     """sys.excepthook for IPython itself, leaves a detailed report on disk."""
 
     message_template = _message_template
 
     def __init__(self, app):
         contact_name = release.authors['Fernando'][0]
         contact_email = release.authors['Fernando'][1]
         bug_tracker = 'https://bugs.launchpad.net/ipython/+filebug'
         super(IPAppCrashHandler,self).__init__(
             app, contact_name, contact_email, bug_tracker
         )
 
     def make_report(self,traceback):
         """Return a string containing a crash report."""
 
         sec_sep = self.section_sep
         # Start with parent report
         report = [super(IPAppCrashHandler, self).make_report(traceback)]
         # Add interactive-specific info we may have
         rpt_add = report.append
         try:
             rpt_add(sec_sep+"History of session input:")
             for line in self.app.shell.user_ns['_ih']:
                 rpt_add(line)
             rpt_add('\n*** Last line of input (may not be in above history):\n')
             rpt_add(self.app.shell._last_input_line+'\n')
         except:
             pass
 
         return ''.join(report)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class IPythonApp(Application):
     name = u'ipython'
     #: argparse formats better the 'usage' than the 'description' field
     description = None
     usage = usage.cl_usage
     command_line_loader = IPAppConfigLoader
     default_config_file_name = default_config_file_name
     crash_handler_class = IPAppCrashHandler
 
     def create_default_config(self):
         super(IPythonApp, self).create_default_config()
         # Eliminate multiple lookups
         Global = self.default_config.Global
 
         # Set all default values
         Global.display_banner = True
         
         # If the -c flag is given or a file is given to run at the cmd line
         # like "ipython foo.py", normally we exit without starting the main
         # loop.  The force_interact config variable allows a user to override
         # this and interact.  It is also set by the -i cmd line flag, just
         # like Python.
         Global.force_interact = False
 
         # By default always interact by starting the IPython mainloop.
         Global.interact = True
 
         # No GUI integration by default
         Global.gui = False
         # Pylab off by default
         Global.pylab = False
 
         # Deprecated versions of gui support that used threading, we support
         # them just for bacwards compatibility as an alternate spelling for
         # '--gui X'
         Global.qthread = False
         Global.q4thread = False
         Global.wthread = False
         Global.gthread = False
 
     def load_file_config(self):
         if hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'quick'):
             if self.command_line_config.Global.quick:
                 self.file_config = Config()
                 return
         super(IPythonApp, self).load_file_config()
 
     def post_load_file_config(self):
         if hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'extra_extension'):
             if not hasattr(self.file_config.Global, 'extensions'):
                 self.file_config.Global.extensions = []
             self.file_config.Global.extensions.append(
                 self.command_line_config.Global.extra_extension)
             del self.command_line_config.Global.extra_extension
 
     def pre_construct(self):
         config = self.master_config
 
         if hasattr(config.Global, 'classic'):
             if config.Global.classic:
                 config.InteractiveShell.cache_size = 0
                 config.InteractiveShell.pprint = 0
                 config.InteractiveShell.prompt_in1 = '>>> '
                 config.InteractiveShell.prompt_in2 = '... '
                 config.InteractiveShell.prompt_out = ''
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_in = \
                     config.InteractiveShell.separate_out = \
                     config.InteractiveShell.separate_out2 = ''
                 config.InteractiveShell.colors = 'NoColor'
                 config.InteractiveShell.xmode = 'Plain'
 
         if hasattr(config.Global, 'nosep'):
             if config.Global.nosep:
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_in = \
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_out = \
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_out2 = ''
 
         # if there is code of files to run from the cmd line, don't interact
         # unless the -i flag (Global.force_interact) is true.
         code_to_run = config.Global.get('code_to_run','')
         file_to_run = False
         if self.extra_args and self.extra_args[0]:
                 file_to_run = True
         if file_to_run or code_to_run:
             if not config.Global.force_interact:
                 config.Global.interact = False
 
     def construct(self):
         # I am a little hesitant to put these into InteractiveShell itself.
         # But that might be the place for them
         sys.path.insert(0, '')
 
-        # Create an InteractiveShell instance
-        self.shell = InteractiveShell(None, self.master_config)
+        # Create an InteractiveShell instance.
+        self.shell = InteractiveShell.instance(config=self.master_config)
 
     def post_construct(self):
         """Do actions after construct, but before starting the app."""
         config = self.master_config
         
         # shell.display_banner should always be False for the terminal 
         # based app, because we call shell.show_banner() by hand below
         # so the banner shows *before* all extension loading stuff.
         self.shell.display_banner = False
         if config.Global.display_banner and \
             config.Global.interact:
             self.shell.show_banner()
 
         # Make sure there is a space below the banner.
         if self.log_level <= logging.INFO: print
 
         # Now a variety of things that happen after the banner is printed.
         self._enable_gui_pylab()
         self._load_extensions()
         self._run_exec_lines()
         self._run_exec_files()
         self._run_cmd_line_code()
 
     def _enable_gui_pylab(self):
         """Enable GUI event loop integration, taking pylab into account."""
         Global = self.master_config.Global
 
         # Select which gui to use
         if Global.gui:
             gui = Global.gui
         # The following are deprecated, but there's likely to be a lot of use
         # of this form out there, so we might as well support it for now.  But
         # the --gui option above takes precedence.
         elif Global.wthread:
             gui = inputhook.GUI_WX
         elif Global.qthread:
             gui = inputhook.GUI_QT
         elif Global.gthread:
             gui = inputhook.GUI_GTK
         else:
             gui = None
 
         # Using --pylab will also require gui activation, though which toolkit
         # to use may be chosen automatically based on mpl configuration.
         if Global.pylab:
             activate = self.shell.enable_pylab
             if Global.pylab == 'auto':
                 gui = None
             else:
                 gui = Global.pylab
         else:
             # Enable only GUI integration, no pylab
             activate = inputhook.enable_gui
 
         if gui or Global.pylab:
             try:
                 self.log.info("Enabling GUI event loop integration, "
                               "toolkit=%s, pylab=%s" % (gui, Global.pylab) )
                 activate(gui)
             except:
                 self.log.warn("Error in enabling GUI event loop integration:")
                 self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _load_extensions(self):
         """Load all IPython extensions in Global.extensions.
 
-        This uses the :meth:`InteractiveShell.load_extensions` to load all
+        This uses the :meth:`ExtensionManager.load_extensions` to load all
         the extensions listed in ``self.master_config.Global.extensions``.
         """
         try:
             if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'extensions'):
                 self.log.debug("Loading IPython extensions...")
                 extensions = self.master_config.Global.extensions
                 for ext in extensions:
                     try:
                         self.log.info("Loading IPython extension: %s" % ext)                        
-                        self.shell.load_extension(ext)
+                        self.shell.extension_manager.load_extension(ext)
                     except:
                         self.log.warn("Error in loading extension: %s" % ext)
                         self.shell.showtraceback()
         except:
             self.log.warn("Unknown error in loading extensions:")
             self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _run_exec_lines(self):
         """Run lines of code in Global.exec_lines in the user's namespace."""
         try:
             if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'exec_lines'):
                 self.log.debug("Running code from Global.exec_lines...")
                 exec_lines = self.master_config.Global.exec_lines
                 for line in exec_lines:
                     try:
                         self.log.info("Running code in user namespace: %s" %
                                       line)
                         self.shell.runlines(line)
                     except:
                         self.log.warn("Error in executing line in user "
                                       "namespace: %s" % line)
                         self.shell.showtraceback()
         except:
             self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling Global.exec_lines:")
             self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _exec_file(self, fname):
         full_filename = filefind(fname, [u'.', self.ipython_dir])
         if os.path.isfile(full_filename):
             if full_filename.endswith(u'.py'):
                 self.log.info("Running file in user namespace: %s" %
                               full_filename)
                 # Ensure that __file__ is always defined to match Python behavior
                 self.shell.user_ns['__file__'] = fname
                 try:
                     self.shell.safe_execfile(full_filename, self.shell.user_ns)
                 finally:
                     del self.shell.user_ns['__file__']
             elif full_filename.endswith('.ipy'):
                 self.log.info("Running file in user namespace: %s" %
                               full_filename)
                 self.shell.safe_execfile_ipy(full_filename)
             else:
                 self.log.warn("File does not have a .py or .ipy extension: <%s>"
                                % full_filename)
     def _run_exec_files(self):
         try:
             if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'exec_files'):
                 self.log.debug("Running files in Global.exec_files...")
                 exec_files = self.master_config.Global.exec_files
                 for fname in exec_files:
                     self._exec_file(fname)
         except:
             self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling Global.exec_files:")
             self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _run_cmd_line_code(self):
         if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'code_to_run'):
             line = self.master_config.Global.code_to_run
             try:
                 self.log.info("Running code given at command line (-c): %s" %
                               line)
                 self.shell.runlines(line)
             except:
                 self.log.warn("Error in executing line in user namespace: %s" %
                               line)
                 self.shell.showtraceback()
             return
         # Like Python itself, ignore the second if the first of these is present
         try:
             fname = self.extra_args[0]
         except:
             pass
         else:
             try:
                 self._exec_file(fname)
             except:
                 self.log.warn("Error in executing file in user namespace: %s" %
                               fname)
                 self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def start_app(self):
         if self.master_config.Global.interact:
             self.log.debug("Starting IPython's mainloop...")
             self.shell.mainloop()
         else:
             self.log.debug("IPython not interactive, start_app is no-op...")
 
 
 def load_default_config(ipython_dir=None):
     """Load the default config file from the default ipython_dir.
 
     This is useful for embedded shells.
     """
     if ipython_dir is None:
         ipython_dir = get_ipython_dir()
     cl = PyFileConfigLoader(default_config_file_name, ipython_dir)
     config = cl.load_config()
     return config
 
 
 def launch_new_instance():
     """Create and run a full blown IPython instance"""
     app = IPythonApp()
     app.start()
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     launch_new_instance()

IPython/core/iplib.py

@@ -1,2582 +1,2523 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""
-Main IPython Component
-"""
+"""Main IPython class."""
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Fernando Perez. <[e-mail]>
-#  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
+#  Copyright (C) 2008-2010  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from __future__ import with_statement
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import __builtin__
+import abc
 import bdb
 import codeop
 import exceptions
 import new
 import os
 import re
 import string
 import sys
 import tempfile
 from contextlib import nested
 
 from IPython.core import debugger, oinspect
 from IPython.core import history as ipcorehist
 from IPython.core import prefilter
 from IPython.core import shadowns
 from IPython.core import ultratb
 from IPython.core.alias import AliasManager
 from IPython.core.builtin_trap import BuiltinTrap
-from IPython.core.component import Component
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
 from IPython.core.display_trap import DisplayTrap
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext, UsageError
+from IPython.core.extensions import ExtensionManager
 from IPython.core.fakemodule import FakeModule, init_fakemod_dict
 from IPython.core.logger import Logger
 from IPython.core.magic import Magic
+from IPython.core.plugin import PluginManager
 from IPython.core.prefilter import PrefilterManager
 from IPython.core.prompts import CachedOutput
 from IPython.core.usage import interactive_usage, default_banner
 import IPython.core.hooks
 from IPython.external.Itpl import ItplNS
 from IPython.lib.inputhook import enable_gui
 from IPython.lib.backgroundjobs import BackgroundJobManager
 from IPython.lib.pylabtools import pylab_activate
 from IPython.utils import PyColorize
 from IPython.utils import pickleshare
 from IPython.utils.doctestreload import doctest_reload
 from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.utils.io import Term, ask_yes_no
 from IPython.utils.path import get_home_dir, get_ipython_dir, HomeDirError
 from IPython.utils.process import (
     abbrev_cwd,
     getoutput,
     getoutputerror
 )
 # import IPython.utils.rlineimpl as readline
 from IPython.utils.strdispatch import StrDispatch
 from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
 from IPython.utils.terminal import toggle_set_term_title, set_term_title
 from IPython.utils.warn import warn, error, fatal
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import (
-    Int, Str, CBool, CaselessStrEnum, Enum, List, Unicode
+    Int, Str, CBool, CaselessStrEnum, Enum, List, Unicode, Instance
 )
 
 # from IPython.utils import growl
 # growl.start("IPython")
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # store the builtin raw_input globally, and use this always, in case user code
 # overwrites it (like wx.py.PyShell does)
 raw_input_original = raw_input
 
 # compiled regexps for autoindent management
 dedent_re = re.compile(r'^\s+raise|^\s+return|^\s+pass')
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utilities
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 ini_spaces_re = re.compile(r'^(\s+)')
 
 
 def num_ini_spaces(strng):
     """Return the number of initial spaces in a string"""
 
     ini_spaces = ini_spaces_re.match(strng)
     if ini_spaces:
         return ini_spaces.end()
     else:
         return 0
 
 
 def softspace(file, newvalue):
     """Copied from code.py, to remove the dependency"""
 
     oldvalue = 0
     try:
         oldvalue = file.softspace
     except AttributeError:
         pass
     try:
         file.softspace = newvalue
     except (AttributeError, TypeError):
         # "attribute-less object" or "read-only attributes"
         pass
     return oldvalue
 
 
 def no_op(*a, **kw): pass
 
 class SpaceInInput(exceptions.Exception): pass
 
 class Bunch: pass
 
 class InputList(list):
     """Class to store user input.
 
     It's basically a list, but slices return a string instead of a list, thus
     allowing things like (assuming 'In' is an instance):
 
     exec In[4:7]
 
     or
 
     exec In[5:9] + In[14] + In[21:25]"""
 
     def __getslice__(self,i,j):
         return ''.join(list.__getslice__(self,i,j))
 
 
 class SyntaxTB(ultratb.ListTB):
     """Extension which holds some state: the last exception value"""
 
     def __init__(self,color_scheme = 'NoColor'):
         ultratb.ListTB.__init__(self,color_scheme)
         self.last_syntax_error = None
 
     def __call__(self, etype, value, elist):
         self.last_syntax_error = value
         ultratb.ListTB.__call__(self,etype,value,elist)
 
     def clear_err_state(self):
         """Return the current error state and clear it"""
         e = self.last_syntax_error
         self.last_syntax_error = None
         return e
 
 
 def get_default_editor():
     try:
         ed = os.environ['EDITOR']
     except KeyError:
         if os.name == 'posix':
             ed = 'vi'  # the only one guaranteed to be there!
         else:
             ed = 'notepad' # same in Windows!
     return ed
 
 
 def get_default_colors():
     if sys.platform=='darwin':
         return "LightBG"
     elif os.name=='nt':
         return 'Linux'
     else:
         return 'Linux'
 
 
 class SeparateStr(Str):
     """A Str subclass to validate separate_in, separate_out, etc.
 
     This is a Str based trait that converts '0'->'' and '\\n'->'\n'.
     """
 
     def validate(self, obj, value):
         if value == '0': value = ''
         value = value.replace('\\n','\n')
         return super(SeparateStr, self).validate(obj, value)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main IPython class
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-class InteractiveShell(Component, Magic):
+class InteractiveShell(Configurable, Magic):
     """An enhanced, interactive shell for Python."""
 
     autocall = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=1, config=True)
     autoedit_syntax = CBool(False, config=True)
     autoindent = CBool(True, config=True)
     automagic = CBool(True, config=True)
     banner = Str('')
     banner1 = Str(default_banner, config=True)
     banner2 = Str('', config=True)
     cache_size = Int(1000, config=True)
     color_info = CBool(True, config=True)
     colors = CaselessStrEnum(('NoColor','LightBG','Linux'), 
                              default_value=get_default_colors(), config=True)
     confirm_exit = CBool(True, config=True)
     debug = CBool(False, config=True)
     deep_reload = CBool(False, config=True)
     # This display_banner only controls whether or not self.show_banner()
     # is called when mainloop/interact are called.  The default is False
     # because for the terminal based application, the banner behavior
     # is controlled by Global.display_banner, which IPythonApp looks at
     # to determine if *it* should call show_banner() by hand or not.
     display_banner = CBool(False) # This isn't configurable!
     embedded = CBool(False)
     embedded_active = CBool(False)
     editor = Str(get_default_editor(), config=True)
     filename = Str("<ipython console>")
     ipython_dir= Unicode('', config=True) # Set to get_ipython_dir() in __init__
     logstart = CBool(False, config=True)
     logfile = Str('', config=True)
     logappend = Str('', config=True)
     object_info_string_level = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=0,
                                     config=True)
     pager = Str('less', config=True)
     pdb = CBool(False, config=True)
     pprint = CBool(True, config=True)
     profile = Str('', config=True)
     prompt_in1 = Str('In [\\#]: ', config=True)
     prompt_in2 = Str('   .\\D.: ', config=True)
     prompt_out = Str('Out[\\#]: ', config=True)
     prompts_pad_left = CBool(True, config=True)
     quiet = CBool(False, config=True)
 
     readline_use = CBool(True, config=True)
     readline_merge_completions = CBool(True, config=True)
     readline_omit__names = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=0, config=True)
     readline_remove_delims = Str('-/~', config=True)
     readline_parse_and_bind = List([
             'tab: complete',
             '"\C-l": clear-screen',
             'set show-all-if-ambiguous on',
             '"\C-o": tab-insert',
             '"\M-i": "    "',
             '"\M-o": "\d\d\d\d"',
             '"\M-I": "\d\d\d\d"',
             '"\C-r": reverse-search-history',
             '"\C-s": forward-search-history',
             '"\C-p": history-search-backward',
             '"\C-n": history-search-forward',
             '"\e[A": history-search-backward',
             '"\e[B": history-search-forward',
             '"\C-k": kill-line',
             '"\C-u": unix-line-discard',
         ], allow_none=False, config=True)
 
     screen_length = Int(0, config=True)
     
     # Use custom TraitTypes that convert '0'->'' and '\\n'->'\n'
     separate_in = SeparateStr('\n', config=True)
     separate_out = SeparateStr('', config=True)
     separate_out2 = SeparateStr('', config=True)
 
     system_header = Str('IPython system call: ', config=True)
     system_verbose = CBool(False, config=True)
     term_title = CBool(False, config=True)
     wildcards_case_sensitive = CBool(True, config=True)
     xmode = CaselessStrEnum(('Context','Plain', 'Verbose'), 
                             default_value='Context', config=True)
 
     autoexec = List(allow_none=False)
 
     # class attribute to indicate whether the class supports threads or not.
     # Subclasses with thread support should override this as needed.
     isthreaded = False
 
-    def __init__(self, parent=None, config=None, ipython_dir=None, usage=None,
+    # Subcomponents of InteractiveShell
+    alias_manager = Instance('IPython.core.alias.AliasManager')
+    prefilter_manager = Instance('IPython.core.prefilter.PrefilterManager')
+    builtin_trap = Instance('IPython.core.builtin_trap.BuiltinTrap')
+    display_trap = Instance('IPython.core.display_trap.DisplayTrap')
+    extension_manager = Instance('IPython.core.extensions.ExtensionManager')
+    plugin_manager = Instance('IPython.core.plugin.PluginManager')
+
+    def __init__(self, config=None, ipython_dir=None, usage=None,
                  user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None,
                  banner1=None, banner2=None, display_banner=None,
                  custom_exceptions=((),None)):
 
         # This is where traits with a config_key argument are updated
         # from the values on config.
-        super(InteractiveShell, self).__init__(parent, config=config)
+        super(InteractiveShell, self).__init__(config=config)
 
         # These are relatively independent and stateless
         self.init_ipython_dir(ipython_dir)
         self.init_instance_attrs()
         self.init_term_title()
         self.init_usage(usage)
         self.init_banner(banner1, banner2, display_banner)
 
         # Create namespaces (user_ns, user_global_ns, etc.)
         self.init_create_namespaces(user_ns, user_global_ns)
         # This has to be done after init_create_namespaces because it uses
         # something in self.user_ns, but before init_sys_modules, which
         # is the first thing to modify sys.
         self.save_sys_module_state()
         self.init_sys_modules()
 
         self.init_history()
         self.init_encoding()
         self.init_prefilter()
 
         Magic.__init__(self, self)
 
         self.init_syntax_highlighting()
         self.init_hooks()
         self.init_pushd_popd_magic()
         self.init_traceback_handlers(custom_exceptions)
         self.init_user_ns()
         self.init_logger()
         self.init_alias()
         self.init_builtins()
         
         # pre_config_initialization
         self.init_shadow_hist()
 
         # The next section should contain averything that was in ipmaker.
         self.init_logstart()
 
         # The following was in post_config_initialization
         self.init_inspector()
         self.init_readline()
         self.init_prompts()
         self.init_displayhook()
         self.init_reload_doctest()
         self.init_magics()
         self.init_pdb()
+        self.init_extension_manager()
+        self.init_plugin_manager()
         self.hooks.late_startup_hook()
 
+    @classmethod
+    def instance(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Returns a global InteractiveShell instance."""
+        if not hasattr(cls, "_instance"):
+            cls._instance = cls(*args, **kwargs)
+        return cls._instance
+
+    @classmethod
+    def initialized(cls):
+        return hasattr(cls, "_instance")
+
     def get_ipython(self):
         """Return the currently running IPython instance."""
         return self
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Trait changed handlers
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def _banner1_changed(self):
         self.compute_banner()
 
     def _banner2_changed(self):
         self.compute_banner()
 
     def _ipython_dir_changed(self, name, new):
         if not os.path.isdir(new):
             os.makedirs(new, mode = 0777)
-        if not os.path.isdir(self.ipython_extension_dir):
-            os.makedirs(self.ipython_extension_dir, mode = 0777)
-
-    @property
-    def ipython_extension_dir(self):
-        return os.path.join(self.ipython_dir, 'extensions')
 
     @property
     def usable_screen_length(self):
         if self.screen_length == 0:
             return 0
         else:
             num_lines_bot = self.separate_in.count('\n')+1
             return self.screen_length - num_lines_bot
 
     def _term_title_changed(self, name, new_value):
         self.init_term_title()
 
     def set_autoindent(self,value=None):
         """Set the autoindent flag, checking for readline support.
 
         If called with no arguments, it acts as a toggle."""
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             if os.name == 'posix':
                 warn("The auto-indent feature requires the readline library")
             self.autoindent = 0
             return
         if value is None:
             self.autoindent = not self.autoindent
         else:
             self.autoindent = value
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # init_* methods called by __init__
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_ipython_dir(self, ipython_dir):
         if ipython_dir is not None:
             self.ipython_dir = ipython_dir
             self.config.Global.ipython_dir = self.ipython_dir
             return
 
         if hasattr(self.config.Global, 'ipython_dir'):
             self.ipython_dir = self.config.Global.ipython_dir
         else:
             self.ipython_dir = get_ipython_dir()
 
         # All children can just read this
         self.config.Global.ipython_dir = self.ipython_dir
 
     def init_instance_attrs(self):
         self.jobs = BackgroundJobManager()
         self.more = False
 
         # command compiler
         self.compile = codeop.CommandCompiler()
 
         # User input buffer
         self.buffer = []
 
         # Make an empty namespace, which extension writers can rely on both
         # existing and NEVER being used by ipython itself.  This gives them a
         # convenient location for storing additional information and state
         # their extensions may require, without fear of collisions with other
         # ipython names that may develop later.
         self.meta = Struct()
 
         # Object variable to store code object waiting execution.  This is
         # used mainly by the multithreaded shells, but it can come in handy in
         # other situations.  No need to use a Queue here, since it's a single
         # item which gets cleared once run.
         self.code_to_run = None
 
         # Flag to mark unconditional exit
         self.exit_now = False
 
         # Temporary files used for various purposes.  Deleted at exit.
         self.tempfiles = []
 
         # Keep track of readline usage (later set by init_readline)
         self.has_readline = False
 
         # keep track of where we started running (mainly for crash post-mortem)
         # This is not being used anywhere currently.
         self.starting_dir = os.getcwd()
 
         # Indentation management
         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
     def init_term_title(self):
         # Enable or disable the terminal title.
         if self.term_title:
             toggle_set_term_title(True)
             set_term_title('IPython: ' + abbrev_cwd())
         else:
             toggle_set_term_title(False)
 
     def init_usage(self, usage=None):
         if usage is None:
             self.usage = interactive_usage
         else:
             self.usage = usage
 
     def init_encoding(self):
         # Get system encoding at startup time.  Certain terminals (like Emacs
         # under Win32 have it set to None, and we need to have a known valid
         # encoding to use in the raw_input() method
         try:
             self.stdin_encoding = sys.stdin.encoding or 'ascii'
         except AttributeError:
             self.stdin_encoding = 'ascii'
 
     def init_syntax_highlighting(self):
         # Python source parser/formatter for syntax highlighting
         pyformat = PyColorize.Parser().format
         self.pycolorize = lambda src: pyformat(src,'str',self.colors)
 
     def init_pushd_popd_magic(self):
         # for pushd/popd management
         try:
             self.home_dir = get_home_dir()
         except HomeDirError, msg:
             fatal(msg)
 
         self.dir_stack = []
 
     def init_logger(self):
         self.logger = Logger(self, logfname='ipython_log.py', logmode='rotate')
         # local shortcut, this is used a LOT
         self.log = self.logger.log
 
     def init_logstart(self):
         if self.logappend:
             self.magic_logstart(self.logappend + ' append')
         elif self.logfile:
             self.magic_logstart(self.logfile)
         elif self.logstart:
             self.magic_logstart()
 
     def init_builtins(self):
-        self.builtin_trap = BuiltinTrap(self)
+        self.builtin_trap = BuiltinTrap(shell=self)
 
     def init_inspector(self):
         # Object inspector
         self.inspector = oinspect.Inspector(oinspect.InspectColors,
                                             PyColorize.ANSICodeColors,
                                             'NoColor',
                                             self.object_info_string_level)
 
     def init_prompts(self):
         # Initialize cache, set in/out prompts and printing system
         self.outputcache = CachedOutput(self,
                                         self.cache_size,
                                         self.pprint,
                                         input_sep = self.separate_in,
                                         output_sep = self.separate_out,
                                         output_sep2 = self.separate_out2,
                                         ps1 = self.prompt_in1,
                                         ps2 = self.prompt_in2,
                                         ps_out = self.prompt_out,
                                         pad_left = self.prompts_pad_left)
 
         # user may have over-ridden the default print hook:
         try:
             self.outputcache.__class__.display = self.hooks.display
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
     def init_displayhook(self):
-        self.display_trap = DisplayTrap(self, self.outputcache)
+        self.display_trap = DisplayTrap(hook=self.outputcache)
 
     def init_reload_doctest(self):
         # Do a proper resetting of doctest, including the necessary displayhook
         # monkeypatching
         try:
             doctest_reload()
         except ImportError:
             warn("doctest module does not exist.")
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the banner
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_banner(self, banner1, banner2, display_banner):
         if banner1 is not None:
             self.banner1 = banner1
         if banner2 is not None:
             self.banner2 = banner2
         if display_banner is not None:
             self.display_banner = display_banner
         self.compute_banner()
 
     def show_banner(self, banner=None):
         if banner is None:
             banner = self.banner
         self.write(banner)
 
     def compute_banner(self):
         self.banner = self.banner1 + '\n'
         if self.profile:
             self.banner += '\nIPython profile: %s\n' % self.profile
         if self.banner2:
             self.banner += '\n' + self.banner2 + '\n'
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to injections into the sys module
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def save_sys_module_state(self):
         """Save the state of hooks in the sys module.
 
         This has to be called after self.user_ns is created.
         """
         self._orig_sys_module_state = {}
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stdin'] = sys.stdin
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stdout'] = sys.stdout
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stderr'] = sys.stderr
         self._orig_sys_module_state['excepthook'] = sys.excepthook
         try:
             self._orig_sys_modules_main_name = self.user_ns['__name__']
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
     def restore_sys_module_state(self):
         """Restore the state of the sys module."""
         try:
             for k, v in self._orig_sys_module_state.items():
                 setattr(sys, k, v)
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         try:
             delattr(sys, 'ipcompleter')
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         # Reset what what done in self.init_sys_modules
         try:
             sys.modules[self.user_ns['__name__']] = self._orig_sys_modules_main_name
         except (AttributeError, KeyError):
             pass
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to hooks
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_hooks(self):
         # hooks holds pointers used for user-side customizations
         self.hooks = Struct()
 
         self.strdispatchers = {}
 
         # Set all default hooks, defined in the IPython.hooks module.
         hooks = IPython.core.hooks
         for hook_name in hooks.__all__:
             # default hooks have priority 100, i.e. low; user hooks should have
             # 0-100 priority
             self.set_hook(hook_name,getattr(hooks,hook_name), 100)
 
     def set_hook(self,name,hook, priority = 50, str_key = None, re_key = None):
         """set_hook(name,hook) -> sets an internal IPython hook.
 
         IPython exposes some of its internal API as user-modifiable hooks.  By
         adding your function to one of these hooks, you can modify IPython's 
         behavior to call at runtime your own routines."""
 
         # At some point in the future, this should validate the hook before it
         # accepts it.  Probably at least check that the hook takes the number
         # of args it's supposed to.
         
         f = new.instancemethod(hook,self,self.__class__)
 
         # check if the hook is for strdispatcher first
         if str_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_s(str_key, f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
         if re_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_re(re.compile(re_key), f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
             
         dp = getattr(self.hooks, name, None)
         if name not in IPython.core.hooks.__all__:
             print "Warning! Hook '%s' is not one of %s" % (name, IPython.core.hooks.__all__ )
         if not dp:
             dp = IPython.core.hooks.CommandChainDispatcher()
         
         try:
             dp.add(f,priority)
         except AttributeError:
             # it was not commandchain, plain old func - replace
             dp = f
 
         setattr(self.hooks,name, dp)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the "main" module
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def new_main_mod(self,ns=None):
         """Return a new 'main' module object for user code execution.
         """
         main_mod = self._user_main_module
         init_fakemod_dict(main_mod,ns)
         return main_mod
 
     def cache_main_mod(self,ns,fname):
         """Cache a main module's namespace.
 
         When scripts are executed via %run, we must keep a reference to the
         namespace of their __main__ module (a FakeModule instance) around so
         that Python doesn't clear it, rendering objects defined therein
         useless.
 
         This method keeps said reference in a private dict, keyed by the
         absolute path of the module object (which corresponds to the script
         path).  This way, for multiple executions of the same script we only
         keep one copy of the namespace (the last one), thus preventing memory
         leaks from old references while allowing the objects from the last
         execution to be accessible.
 
         Note: we can not allow the actual FakeModule instances to be deleted,
         because of how Python tears down modules (it hard-sets all their
         references to None without regard for reference counts).  This method
         must therefore make a *copy* of the given namespace, to allow the
         original module's __dict__ to be cleared and reused.
 
         
         Parameters
         ----------
           ns : a namespace (a dict, typically)
 
           fname : str
             Filename associated with the namespace.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         In [10]: import IPython
 
         In [11]: _ip.cache_main_mod(IPython.__dict__,IPython.__file__)
 
         In [12]: IPython.__file__ in _ip._main_ns_cache
         Out[12]: True
         """
         self._main_ns_cache[os.path.abspath(fname)] = ns.copy()
 
     def clear_main_mod_cache(self):
         """Clear the cache of main modules.
 
         Mainly for use by utilities like %reset.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         In [15]: import IPython
 
         In [16]: _ip.cache_main_mod(IPython.__dict__,IPython.__file__)
 
         In [17]: len(_ip._main_ns_cache) > 0
         Out[17]: True
 
         In [18]: _ip.clear_main_mod_cache()
 
         In [19]: len(_ip._main_ns_cache) == 0
         Out[19]: True
         """
         self._main_ns_cache.clear()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to debugging
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_pdb(self):
         # Set calling of pdb on exceptions
         # self.call_pdb is a property
         self.call_pdb = self.pdb
 
     def _get_call_pdb(self):
         return self._call_pdb
 
     def _set_call_pdb(self,val):
 
         if val not in (0,1,False,True):
             raise ValueError,'new call_pdb value must be boolean'
 
         # store value in instance
         self._call_pdb = val
 
         # notify the actual exception handlers
         self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb = val
         if self.isthreaded:
             try:
                 self.sys_excepthook.call_pdb = val
             except:
                 warn('Failed to activate pdb for threaded exception handler')
 
     call_pdb = property(_get_call_pdb,_set_call_pdb,None,
                         'Control auto-activation of pdb at exceptions')
 
     def debugger(self,force=False):
         """Call the pydb/pdb debugger.
 
         Keywords:
 
           - force(False): by default, this routine checks the instance call_pdb
           flag and does not actually invoke the debugger if the flag is false.
           The 'force' option forces the debugger to activate even if the flag
           is false.
         """
 
         if not (force or self.call_pdb):
             return
 
         if not hasattr(sys,'last_traceback'):
             error('No traceback has been produced, nothing to debug.')
             return
 
         # use pydb if available
         if debugger.has_pydb:
             from pydb import pm
         else:
             # fallback to our internal debugger
             pm = lambda : self.InteractiveTB.debugger(force=True)
         self.history_saving_wrapper(pm)()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to IPython's various namespaces
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_create_namespaces(self, user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None):
         # Create the namespace where the user will operate.  user_ns is
         # normally the only one used, and it is passed to the exec calls as
         # the locals argument.  But we do carry a user_global_ns namespace
         # given as the exec 'globals' argument,  This is useful in embedding
         # situations where the ipython shell opens in a context where the
         # distinction between locals and globals is meaningful.  For
         # non-embedded contexts, it is just the same object as the user_ns dict.
 
         # FIXME. For some strange reason, __builtins__ is showing up at user
         # level as a dict instead of a module. This is a manual fix, but I
         # should really track down where the problem is coming from. Alex
         # Schmolck reported this problem first.
 
         # A useful post by Alex Martelli on this topic:
         # Re: inconsistent value from __builtins__
         # Von: Alex Martelli <[e-mail]>
         # Datum: Freitag 01 Oktober 2004 04:45:34 nachmittags/abends
         # Gruppen: comp.lang.python
 
         # Michael Hohn <[e-mail]> wrote:
         # > >>> print type(builtin_check.get_global_binding('__builtins__'))
         # > <type 'dict'>
         # > >>> print type(__builtins__)
         # > <type 'module'>
         # > Is this difference in return value intentional?
 
         # Well, it's documented that '__builtins__' can be either a dictionary
         # or a module, and it's been that way for a long time. Whether it's
         # intentional (or sensible), I don't know. In any case, the idea is
         # that if you need to access the built-in namespace directly, you
         # should start with "import __builtin__" (note, no 's') which will
         # definitely give you a module. Yeah, it's somewhat confusing:-(.
 
         # These routines return properly built dicts as needed by the rest of
         # the code, and can also be used by extension writers to generate
         # properly initialized namespaces.
         user_ns, user_global_ns = self.make_user_namespaces(user_ns, user_global_ns)
 
         # Assign namespaces
         # This is the namespace where all normal user variables live
         self.user_ns = user_ns
         self.user_global_ns = user_global_ns
 
         # An auxiliary namespace that checks what parts of the user_ns were
         # loaded at startup, so we can list later only variables defined in
         # actual interactive use.  Since it is always a subset of user_ns, it
         # doesn't need to be separately tracked in the ns_table.
         self.user_ns_hidden = {}
 
         # A namespace to keep track of internal data structures to prevent
         # them from cluttering user-visible stuff.  Will be updated later
         self.internal_ns = {}
 
         # Now that FakeModule produces a real module, we've run into a nasty
         # problem: after script execution (via %run), the module where the user
         # code ran is deleted.  Now that this object is a true module (needed
         # so docetst and other tools work correctly), the Python module
         # teardown mechanism runs over it, and sets to None every variable
         # present in that module.  Top-level references to objects from the
         # script survive, because the user_ns is updated with them.  However,
         # calling functions defined in the script that use other things from
         # the script will fail, because the function's closure had references
         # to the original objects, which are now all None.  So we must protect
         # these modules from deletion by keeping a cache.
         # 
         # To avoid keeping stale modules around (we only need the one from the
         # last run), we use a dict keyed with the full path to the script, so
         # only the last version of the module is held in the cache.  Note,
         # however, that we must cache the module *namespace contents* (their
         # __dict__).  Because if we try to cache the actual modules, old ones
         # (uncached) could be destroyed while still holding references (such as
         # those held by GUI objects that tend to be long-lived)>
         # 
         # The %reset command will flush this cache.  See the cache_main_mod()
         # and clear_main_mod_cache() methods for details on use.
 
         # This is the cache used for 'main' namespaces
         self._main_ns_cache = {}
         # And this is the single instance of FakeModule whose __dict__ we keep
         # copying and clearing for reuse on each %run
         self._user_main_module = FakeModule()
 
         # A table holding all the namespaces IPython deals with, so that
         # introspection facilities can search easily.
         self.ns_table = {'user':user_ns,
                          'user_global':user_global_ns,
                          'internal':self.internal_ns,
                          'builtin':__builtin__.__dict__
                          }
 
         # Similarly, track all namespaces where references can be held and that
         # we can safely clear (so it can NOT include builtin).  This one can be
         # a simple list.
         self.ns_refs_table = [ user_ns, user_global_ns, self.user_ns_hidden,
                                self.internal_ns, self._main_ns_cache ]
 
     def make_user_namespaces(self, user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None):
         """Return a valid local and global user interactive namespaces.
 
         This builds a dict with the minimal information needed to operate as a
         valid IPython user namespace, which you can pass to the various
         embedding classes in ipython. The default implementation returns the
         same dict for both the locals and the globals to allow functions to
         refer to variables in the namespace. Customized implementations can
         return different dicts. The locals dictionary can actually be anything
         following the basic mapping protocol of a dict, but the globals dict
         must be a true dict, not even a subclass. It is recommended that any
         custom object for the locals namespace synchronize with the globals
         dict somehow.
 
         Raises TypeError if the provided globals namespace is not a true dict.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         user_ns : dict-like, optional
             The current user namespace. The items in this namespace should
             be included in the output. If None, an appropriate blank
             namespace should be created.
         user_global_ns : dict, optional
             The current user global namespace. The items in this namespace
             should be included in the output. If None, an appropriate
             blank namespace should be created.
 
         Returns
         -------
             A pair of dictionary-like object to be used as the local namespace
             of the interpreter and a dict to be used as the global namespace.
         """
 
 
         # We must ensure that __builtin__ (without the final 's') is always
         # available and pointing to the __builtin__ *module*.  For more details:
         # http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2001-April/014068.html
 
         if user_ns is None:
             # Set __name__ to __main__ to better match the behavior of the
             # normal interpreter.
             user_ns = {'__name__'     :'__main__',
                        '__builtin__' : __builtin__,
                        '__builtins__' : __builtin__,
                       }
         else:
             user_ns.setdefault('__name__','__main__')
             user_ns.setdefault('__builtin__',__builtin__)
             user_ns.setdefault('__builtins__',__builtin__)
 
         if user_global_ns is None:
             user_global_ns = user_ns
         if type(user_global_ns) is not dict:
             raise TypeError("user_global_ns must be a true dict; got %r"
                 % type(user_global_ns))
 
         return user_ns, user_global_ns
 
     def init_sys_modules(self):
         # We need to insert into sys.modules something that looks like a
         # module but which accesses the IPython namespace, for shelve and
         # pickle to work interactively. Normally they rely on getting
         # everything out of __main__, but for embedding purposes each IPython
         # instance has its own private namespace, so we can't go shoving
         # everything into __main__.
 
         # note, however, that we should only do this for non-embedded
         # ipythons, which really mimic the __main__.__dict__ with their own
         # namespace.  Embedded instances, on the other hand, should not do
         # this because they need to manage the user local/global namespaces
         # only, but they live within a 'normal' __main__ (meaning, they
         # shouldn't overtake the execution environment of the script they're
         # embedded in).
 
         # This is overridden in the InteractiveShellEmbed subclass to a no-op.
 
         try:
             main_name = self.user_ns['__name__']
         except KeyError:
             raise KeyError('user_ns dictionary MUST have a "__name__" key')
         else:
             sys.modules[main_name] = FakeModule(self.user_ns)
 
     def init_user_ns(self):
         """Initialize all user-visible namespaces to their minimum defaults.
 
         Certain history lists are also initialized here, as they effectively
         act as user namespaces.
 
         Notes
         -----
         All data structures here are only filled in, they are NOT reset by this
         method.  If they were not empty before, data will simply be added to
         therm.
         """
         # This function works in two parts: first we put a few things in
         # user_ns, and we sync that contents into user_ns_hidden so that these
         # initial variables aren't shown by %who.  After the sync, we add the
         # rest of what we *do* want the user to see with %who even on a new
         # session (probably nothing, so theye really only see their own stuff)
 
         # The user dict must *always* have a __builtin__ reference to the
         # Python standard __builtin__ namespace,  which must be imported.
         # This is so that certain operations in prompt evaluation can be
         # reliably executed with builtins.  Note that we can NOT use
         # __builtins__ (note the 's'),  because that can either be a dict or a
         # module, and can even mutate at runtime, depending on the context
         # (Python makes no guarantees on it).  In contrast, __builtin__ is
         # always a module object, though it must be explicitly imported.
         
         # For more details:
         # http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2001-April/014068.html
         ns = dict(__builtin__ = __builtin__)
         
         # Put 'help' in the user namespace
         try:
             from site import _Helper
             ns['help'] = _Helper()
         except ImportError:
             warn('help() not available - check site.py')
 
         # make global variables for user access to the histories
         ns['_ih'] = self.input_hist
         ns['_oh'] = self.output_hist
         ns['_dh'] = self.dir_hist
 
         ns['_sh'] = shadowns
 
         # user aliases to input and output histories.  These shouldn't show up
         # in %who, as they can have very large reprs.
         ns['In']  = self.input_hist
         ns['Out'] = self.output_hist
 
         # Store myself as the public api!!!
         ns['get_ipython'] = self.get_ipython
 
         # Sync what we've added so far to user_ns_hidden so these aren't seen
         # by %who
         self.user_ns_hidden.update(ns)
 
         # Anything put into ns now would show up in %who.  Think twice before
         # putting anything here, as we really want %who to show the user their
         # stuff, not our variables.
         
         # Finally, update the real user's namespace
         self.user_ns.update(ns)
 
 
     def reset(self):
         """Clear all internal namespaces.
 
         Note that this is much more aggressive than %reset, since it clears
         fully all namespaces, as well as all input/output lists.
         """
         for ns in self.ns_refs_table:
             ns.clear()
 
         self.alias_manager.clear_aliases()
 
         # Clear input and output histories
         self.input_hist[:] = []
         self.input_hist_raw[:] = []
         self.output_hist.clear()
 
         # Restore the user namespaces to minimal usability
         self.init_user_ns()
 
         # Restore the default and user aliases
         self.alias_manager.init_aliases()
 
     def reset_selective(self, regex=None):
         """Clear selective variables from internal namespaces based on a specified regular expression.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         regex : string or compiled pattern, optional
             A regular expression pattern that will be used in searching variable names in the users 
             namespaces.
         """
         if regex is not None:
             try:
                 m = re.compile(regex)
             except TypeError:
                 raise TypeError('regex must be a string or compiled pattern')
             # Search for keys in each namespace that match the given regex
             # If a match is found, delete the key/value pair.
             for ns in self.ns_refs_table:
                 for var in ns:
                     if m.search(var):
                         del ns[var]        
         
     def push(self, variables, interactive=True):
         """Inject a group of variables into the IPython user namespace.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         variables : dict, str or list/tuple of str
             The variables to inject into the user's namespace.  If a dict,
             a simple update is done.  If a str, the string is assumed to 
             have variable names separated by spaces.  A list/tuple of str
             can also be used to give the variable names.  If just the variable
             names are give (list/tuple/str) then the variable values looked
             up in the callers frame.
         interactive : bool
             If True (default), the variables will be listed with the ``who``
             magic.
         """
         vdict = None
 
         # We need a dict of name/value pairs to do namespace updates.
         if isinstance(variables, dict):
             vdict = variables
         elif isinstance(variables, (basestring, list, tuple)):
             if isinstance(variables, basestring):
                 vlist = variables.split()
             else:
                 vlist = variables
             vdict = {}
             cf = sys._getframe(1)
             for name in vlist:
                 try:
                     vdict[name] = eval(name, cf.f_globals, cf.f_locals)
                 except:
                     print ('Could not get variable %s from %s' %
                            (name,cf.f_code.co_name))
         else:
             raise ValueError('variables must be a dict/str/list/tuple')
             
         # Propagate variables to user namespace
         self.user_ns.update(vdict)
 
         # And configure interactive visibility
         config_ns = self.user_ns_hidden
         if interactive:
             for name, val in vdict.iteritems():
                 config_ns.pop(name, None)
         else:
             for name,val in vdict.iteritems():
                 config_ns[name] = val
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to history management
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_history(self):
         # List of input with multi-line handling.
         self.input_hist = InputList()
         # This one will hold the 'raw' input history, without any
         # pre-processing.  This will allow users to retrieve the input just as
         # it was exactly typed in by the user, with %hist -r.
         self.input_hist_raw = InputList()
 
         # list of visited directories
         try:
             self.dir_hist = [os.getcwd()]
         except OSError:
             self.dir_hist = []
 
         # dict of output history
         self.output_hist = {}
 
         # Now the history file
         if self.profile:
             histfname = 'history-%s' % self.profile
         else:
             histfname = 'history'
         self.histfile = os.path.join(self.ipython_dir, histfname)
 
         # Fill the history zero entry, user counter starts at 1
         self.input_hist.append('\n')
         self.input_hist_raw.append('\n')
 
     def init_shadow_hist(self):
         try:
             self.db = pickleshare.PickleShareDB(self.ipython_dir + "/db")
         except exceptions.UnicodeDecodeError:
             print "Your ipython_dir can't be decoded to unicode!"
             print "Please set HOME environment variable to something that"
             print r"only has ASCII characters, e.g. c:\home"
             print "Now it is", self.ipython_dir
             sys.exit()
         self.shadowhist = ipcorehist.ShadowHist(self.db)
 
     def savehist(self):
         """Save input history to a file (via readline library)."""
 
         try:
             self.readline.write_history_file(self.histfile)
         except:
             print 'Unable to save IPython command history to file: ' + \
                   `self.histfile`
 
     def reloadhist(self):
         """Reload the input history from disk file."""
 
         try:
             self.readline.clear_history()
             self.readline.read_history_file(self.shell.histfile)
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
     def history_saving_wrapper(self, func):
         """ Wrap func for readline history saving
 
         Convert func into callable that saves & restores
         history around the call """
 
         if self.has_readline:
             from IPython.utils import rlineimpl as readline
         else:
             return func
 
         def wrapper():
             self.savehist()
             try:
                 func()
             finally:
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
         return wrapper
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to exception handling and tracebacks (not debugging)
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_traceback_handlers(self, custom_exceptions):
         # Syntax error handler.
         self.SyntaxTB = SyntaxTB(color_scheme='NoColor')
         
         # The interactive one is initialized with an offset, meaning we always
         # want to remove the topmost item in the traceback, which is our own
         # internal code. Valid modes: ['Plain','Context','Verbose']
         self.InteractiveTB = ultratb.AutoFormattedTB(mode = 'Plain',
                                                      color_scheme='NoColor',
                                                      tb_offset = 1)
 
         # The instance will store a pointer to the system-wide exception hook,
         # so that runtime code (such as magics) can access it.  This is because
         # during the read-eval loop, it may get temporarily overwritten.
         self.sys_excepthook = sys.excepthook
 
         # and add any custom exception handlers the user may have specified
         self.set_custom_exc(*custom_exceptions)
 
         # Set the exception mode
         self.InteractiveTB.set_mode(mode=self.xmode)
 
     def set_custom_exc(self,exc_tuple,handler):
         """set_custom_exc(exc_tuple,handler)
 
         Set a custom exception handler, which will be called if any of the
         exceptions in exc_tuple occur in the mainloop (specifically, in the
         runcode() method.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - exc_tuple: a *tuple* of valid exceptions to call the defined
           handler for.  It is very important that you use a tuple, and NOT A
           LIST here, because of the way Python's except statement works.  If
           you only want to trap a single exception, use a singleton tuple:
 
             exc_tuple == (MyCustomException,)
 
           - handler: this must be defined as a function with the following
           basic interface: def my_handler(self,etype,value,tb).
 
           This will be made into an instance method (via new.instancemethod)
           of IPython itself, and it will be called if any of the exceptions
           listed in the exc_tuple are caught.  If the handler is None, an
           internal basic one is used, which just prints basic info.
 
         WARNING: by putting in your own exception handler into IPython's main
         execution loop, you run a very good chance of nasty crashes.  This
         facility should only be used if you really know what you are doing."""
 
         assert type(exc_tuple)==type(()) , \
                "The custom exceptions must be given AS A TUPLE."
 
         def dummy_handler(self,etype,value,tb):
             print '*** Simple custom exception handler ***'
             print 'Exception type :',etype
             print 'Exception value:',value
             print 'Traceback      :',tb
             print 'Source code    :','\n'.join(self.buffer)
 
         if handler is None: handler = dummy_handler
 
         self.CustomTB = new.instancemethod(handler,self,self.__class__)
         self.custom_exceptions = exc_tuple
 
     def excepthook(self, etype, value, tb):
       """One more defense for GUI apps that call sys.excepthook.
 
       GUI frameworks like wxPython trap exceptions and call
       sys.excepthook themselves.  I guess this is a feature that
       enables them to keep running after exceptions that would
       otherwise kill their mainloop. This is a bother for IPython
       which excepts to catch all of the program exceptions with a try:
       except: statement.
 
       Normally, IPython sets sys.excepthook to a CrashHandler instance, so if
       any app directly invokes sys.excepthook, it will look to the user like
       IPython crashed.  In order to work around this, we can disable the
       CrashHandler and replace it with this excepthook instead, which prints a
       regular traceback using our InteractiveTB.  In this fashion, apps which
       call sys.excepthook will generate a regular-looking exception from
       IPython, and the CrashHandler will only be triggered by real IPython
       crashes.
 
       This hook should be used sparingly, only in places which are not likely
       to be true IPython errors.
       """
       self.showtraceback((etype,value,tb),tb_offset=0)
 
     def showtraceback(self,exc_tuple = None,filename=None,tb_offset=None,
                       exception_only=False):
         """Display the exception that just occurred.
 
         If nothing is known about the exception, this is the method which
         should be used throughout the code for presenting user tracebacks,
         rather than directly invoking the InteractiveTB object.
 
         A specific showsyntaxerror() also exists, but this method can take
         care of calling it if needed, so unless you are explicitly catching a
         SyntaxError exception, don't try to analyze the stack manually and
         simply call this method."""
         
         try:
             if exc_tuple is None:
                 etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
             else:
                 etype, value, tb = exc_tuple
 
             if etype is None:
                 if hasattr(sys, 'last_type'):
                     etype, value, tb = sys.last_type, sys.last_value, \
                                        sys.last_traceback
                 else:
                     self.write('No traceback available to show.\n')
                     return
     
             if etype is SyntaxError:
                 # Though this won't be called by syntax errors in the input
                 # line, there may be SyntaxError cases whith imported code.
                 self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             elif etype is UsageError:
                 print "UsageError:", value
             else:
                 # WARNING: these variables are somewhat deprecated and not
                 # necessarily safe to use in a threaded environment, but tools
                 # like pdb depend on their existence, so let's set them.  If we
                 # find problems in the field, we'll need to revisit their use.
                 sys.last_type = etype
                 sys.last_value = value
                 sys.last_traceback = tb
     
                 if etype in self.custom_exceptions:
                     self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
                 else:
                     if exception_only:
                         m = ('An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the '
                              'full traceback.')
                         print m
                         self.InteractiveTB.show_exception_only(etype, value)
                     else:
                         self.InteractiveTB(etype,value,tb,tb_offset=tb_offset)
                         if self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb:
                             # pdb mucks up readline, fix it back
                             self.set_completer()
                         
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             self.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt\n")        
         
 
     def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None):
         """Display the syntax error that just occurred.
 
         This doesn't display a stack trace because there isn't one.
 
         If a filename is given, it is stuffed in the exception instead
         of what was there before (because Python's parser always uses
         "<string>" when reading from a string).
         """
         etype, value, last_traceback = sys.exc_info()
 
         # See note about these variables in showtraceback() above
         sys.last_type = etype
         sys.last_value = value
         sys.last_traceback = last_traceback
         
         if filename and etype is SyntaxError:
             # Work hard to stuff the correct filename in the exception
             try:
                 msg, (dummy_filename, lineno, offset, line) = value
             except:
                 # Not the format we expect; leave it alone
                 pass
             else:
                 # Stuff in the right filename
                 try:
                     # Assume SyntaxError is a class exception
                     value = SyntaxError(msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line))
                 except:
                     # If that failed, assume SyntaxError is a string
                     value = msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line)
         self.SyntaxTB(etype,value,[])
 
     def edit_syntax_error(self):
         """The bottom half of the syntax error handler called in the main loop.
 
         Loop until syntax error is fixed or user cancels.
         """
 
         while self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error:
             # copy and clear last_syntax_error
             err = self.SyntaxTB.clear_err_state()
             if not self._should_recompile(err):
                 return
             try:
                 # may set last_syntax_error again if a SyntaxError is raised
                 self.safe_execfile(err.filename,self.user_ns)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 try:
                     f = file(err.filename)
                     try:
                         # This should be inside a display_trap block and I 
                         # think it is.
                         sys.displayhook(f.read())
                     finally:
                         f.close()
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
 
     def _should_recompile(self,e):
         """Utility routine for edit_syntax_error"""
 
         if e.filename in ('<ipython console>','<input>','<string>',
                           '<console>','<BackgroundJob compilation>',
                           None):
                               
             return False
         try:
             if (self.autoedit_syntax and 
                 not self.ask_yes_no('Return to editor to correct syntax error? '
                               '[Y/n] ','y')):
                 return False
         except EOFError:
             return False
 
         def int0(x):
             try:
                 return int(x)
             except TypeError:
                 return 0
         # always pass integer line and offset values to editor hook
         try:
             self.hooks.fix_error_editor(e.filename,
                 int0(e.lineno),int0(e.offset),e.msg)
         except TryNext:
             warn('Could not open editor')
             return False
         return True
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to tab completion
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def complete(self, text):
         """Return a sorted list of all possible completions on text.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - text: a string of text to be completed on.
 
         This is a wrapper around the completion mechanism, similar to what
         readline does at the command line when the TAB key is hit.  By
         exposing it as a method, it can be used by other non-readline
         environments (such as GUIs) for text completion.
 
         Simple usage example:
 
         In [7]: x = 'hello'
 
         In [8]: x
         Out[8]: 'hello'
 
         In [9]: print x
         hello
 
         In [10]: _ip.complete('x.l')
         Out[10]: ['x.ljust', 'x.lower', 'x.lstrip']
         """
 
         # Inject names into __builtin__ so we can complete on the added names.
         with self.builtin_trap:
             complete = self.Completer.complete
             state = 0
             # use a dict so we get unique keys, since ipyhton's multiple
             # completers can return duplicates.  When we make 2.4 a requirement,
             # start using sets instead, which are faster.
             comps = {}
             while True:
                 newcomp = complete(text,state,line_buffer=text)
                 if newcomp is None:
                     break
                 comps[newcomp] = 1
                 state += 1
             outcomps = comps.keys()
             outcomps.sort()
             #print "T:",text,"OC:",outcomps  # dbg
             #print "vars:",self.user_ns.keys()
             return outcomps
 
     def set_custom_completer(self,completer,pos=0):
         """Adds a new custom completer function.
 
         The position argument (defaults to 0) is the index in the completers
         list where you want the completer to be inserted."""
 
         newcomp = new.instancemethod(completer,self.Completer,
                                      self.Completer.__class__)
         self.Completer.matchers.insert(pos,newcomp)
 
     def set_completer(self):
         """Reset readline's completer to be our own."""
         self.readline.set_completer(self.Completer.complete)
 
     def set_completer_frame(self, frame=None):
         """Set the frame of the completer."""
         if frame:
             self.Completer.namespace = frame.f_locals
             self.Completer.global_namespace = frame.f_globals
         else:
             self.Completer.namespace = self.user_ns
             self.Completer.global_namespace = self.user_global_ns
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to readline
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_readline(self):
         """Command history completion/saving/reloading."""
 
         if self.readline_use:
             import IPython.utils.rlineimpl as readline
                   
         self.rl_next_input = None
         self.rl_do_indent = False
 
         if not self.readline_use or not readline.have_readline:
             self.has_readline = False
             self.readline = None
             # Set a number of methods that depend on readline to be no-op
             self.savehist = no_op
             self.reloadhist = no_op
             self.set_completer = no_op
             self.set_custom_completer = no_op
             self.set_completer_frame = no_op
             warn('Readline services not available or not loaded.')
         else:
             self.has_readline = True
             self.readline = readline
             sys.modules['readline'] = readline
             import atexit
             from IPython.core.completer import IPCompleter
             self.Completer = IPCompleter(self,
                                          self.user_ns,
                                          self.user_global_ns,
                                          self.readline_omit__names,
                                          self.alias_manager.alias_table)
             sdisp = self.strdispatchers.get('complete_command', StrDispatch())
             self.strdispatchers['complete_command'] = sdisp
             self.Completer.custom_completers = sdisp
             # Platform-specific configuration
             if os.name == 'nt':
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_pre_input_hook
             else:
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_startup_hook
 
             # Load user's initrc file (readline config)
             # Or if libedit is used, load editrc.
             inputrc_name = os.environ.get('INPUTRC')
             if inputrc_name is None:
                 home_dir = get_home_dir()
                 if home_dir is not None:
                     inputrc_name = '.inputrc'
                     if readline.uses_libedit:
                         inputrc_name = '.editrc'
                     inputrc_name = os.path.join(home_dir, inputrc_name)
             if os.path.isfile(inputrc_name):
                 try:
                     readline.read_init_file(inputrc_name)
                 except:
                     warn('Problems reading readline initialization file <%s>'
                          % inputrc_name)
             
             # save this in sys so embedded copies can restore it properly
             sys.ipcompleter = self.Completer.complete
             self.set_completer()
 
             # Configure readline according to user's prefs
             # This is only done if GNU readline is being used.  If libedit
             # is being used (as on Leopard) the readline config is
             # not run as the syntax for libedit is different.
             if not readline.uses_libedit:
                 for rlcommand in self.readline_parse_and_bind:
                     #print "loading rl:",rlcommand  # dbg
                     readline.parse_and_bind(rlcommand)
 
             # Remove some chars from the delimiters list.  If we encounter
             # unicode chars, discard them.
             delims = readline.get_completer_delims().encode("ascii", "ignore")
             delims = delims.translate(string._idmap,
                                       self.readline_remove_delims)
             readline.set_completer_delims(delims)
             # otherwise we end up with a monster history after a while:
             readline.set_history_length(1000)
             try:
                 #print '*** Reading readline history'  # dbg
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
             except IOError:
                 pass  # It doesn't exist yet.
 
             atexit.register(self.atexit_operations)
             del atexit
 
         # Configure auto-indent for all platforms
         self.set_autoindent(self.autoindent)
 
     def set_next_input(self, s):
         """ Sets the 'default' input string for the next command line.
         
         Requires readline.
         
         Example:
         
         [D:\ipython]|1> _ip.set_next_input("Hello Word")
         [D:\ipython]|2> Hello Word_  # cursor is here        
         """
 
         self.rl_next_input = s
 
     def pre_readline(self):
         """readline hook to be used at the start of each line.
 
         Currently it handles auto-indent only."""
 
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp','pre_readline:')
 
         if self.rl_do_indent:
             self.readline.insert_text(self._indent_current_str())
         if self.rl_next_input is not None:
             self.readline.insert_text(self.rl_next_input)
             self.rl_next_input = None
 
     def _indent_current_str(self):
         """return the current level of indentation as a string"""
         return self.indent_current_nsp * ' '
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to magics
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_magics(self):
         # Set user colors (don't do it in the constructor above so that it
         # doesn't crash if colors option is invalid)
         self.magic_colors(self.colors)
         # History was moved to a separate module
         from . import history
         history.init_ipython(self)
 
     def magic(self,arg_s):
         """Call a magic function by name.
 
         Input: a string containing the name of the magic function to call and any
         additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
 
         magic('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
         prompt:
 
         In[1]: %name -opt foo bar
 
         To call a magic without arguments, simply use magic('name').
 
         This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's magics in any
         valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
         compound statements.
         """
         args = arg_s.split(' ',1)
         magic_name = args[0]
         magic_name = magic_name.lstrip(prefilter.ESC_MAGIC)
 
         try:
             magic_args = args[1]
         except IndexError:
             magic_args = ''
         fn = getattr(self,'magic_'+magic_name,None)
         if fn is None:
             error("Magic function `%s` not found." % magic_name)
         else:
             magic_args = self.var_expand(magic_args,1)
             with nested(self.builtin_trap,):
                 result = fn(magic_args)
                 return result
 
     def define_magic(self, magicname, func):
         """Expose own function as magic function for ipython 
     
         def foo_impl(self,parameter_s=''):
             'My very own magic!. (Use docstrings, IPython reads them).'
             print 'Magic function. Passed parameter is between < >:'
             print '<%s>' % parameter_s
             print 'The self object is:',self
     
         self.define_magic('foo',foo_impl)
         """
         
         import new
         im = new.instancemethod(func,self, self.__class__)
         old = getattr(self, "magic_" + magicname, None)
         setattr(self, "magic_" + magicname, im)
         return old
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to macros
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def define_macro(self, name, themacro):
         """Define a new macro
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         name : str
             The name of the macro.
         themacro : str or Macro
             The action to do upon invoking the macro.  If a string, a new 
             Macro object is created by passing the string to it.
         """
         
         from IPython.core import macro
 
         if isinstance(themacro, basestring):
             themacro = macro.Macro(themacro)
         if not isinstance(themacro, macro.Macro):
             raise ValueError('A macro must be a string or a Macro instance.')
         self.user_ns[name] = themacro
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the running of system commands
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def system(self, cmd):
         """Make a system call, using IPython."""
         return self.hooks.shell_hook(self.var_expand(cmd, depth=2))
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to aliases
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_alias(self):
-        self.alias_manager = AliasManager(self, config=self.config)
+        self.alias_manager = AliasManager(shell=self, config=self.config)
         self.ns_table['alias'] = self.alias_manager.alias_table,
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Things related to extensions and plugins
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def init_extension_manager(self):
+        self.extension_manager = ExtensionManager(shell=self, config=self.config)
+
+    def init_plugin_manager(self):
+        self.plugin_manager = PluginManager(config=self.config)
+
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the running of code
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def ex(self, cmd):
         """Execute a normal python statement in user namespace."""
         with nested(self.builtin_trap,):
             exec cmd in self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns
 
     def ev(self, expr):
         """Evaluate python expression expr in user namespace.
 
         Returns the result of evaluation
         """
         with nested(self.builtin_trap,):
             return eval(expr, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
 
     def mainloop(self, display_banner=None):
         """Start the mainloop.
 
         If an optional banner argument is given, it will override the
         internally created default banner.
         """
         
         with nested(self.builtin_trap, self.display_trap):
 
             # if you run stuff with -c <cmd>, raw hist is not updated
             # ensure that it's in sync
             if len(self.input_hist) != len (self.input_hist_raw):
                 self.input_hist_raw = InputList(self.input_hist)
 
             while 1:
                 try:
                     self.interact(display_banner=display_banner)
                     #self.interact_with_readline()                
                     # XXX for testing of a readline-decoupled repl loop, call
                     # interact_with_readline above
                     break
                 except KeyboardInterrupt:
                     # this should not be necessary, but KeyboardInterrupt
                     # handling seems rather unpredictable...
                     self.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt in interact()\n")
 
     def interact_prompt(self):
         """ Print the prompt (in read-eval-print loop) 
 
         Provided for those who want to implement their own read-eval-print loop (e.g. GUIs), not 
         used in standard IPython flow.
         """
         if self.more:
             try:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
             if self.autoindent:
                 self.rl_do_indent = True
 
         else:
             try:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
         self.write(prompt)
 
     def interact_handle_input(self,line):
         """ Handle the input line (in read-eval-print loop)
         
         Provided for those who want to implement their own read-eval-print loop (e.g. GUIs), not 
         used in standard IPython flow.        
         """
         if line.lstrip() == line:
             self.shadowhist.add(line.strip())
         lineout = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_lines(line,self.more)
 
         if line.strip():
             if self.more:
                 self.input_hist_raw[-1] += '%s\n' % line
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)                
 
         
         self.more = self.push_line(lineout)
         if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
             self.autoedit_syntax):
             self.edit_syntax_error()
 
     def interact_with_readline(self):
         """ Demo of using interact_handle_input, interact_prompt
         
         This is the main read-eval-print loop. If you need to implement your own (e.g. for GUI),
         it should work like this.
         """ 
         self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
         while not self.exit_now:
             self.interact_prompt()
             if self.more:
                 self.rl_do_indent = True
             else:
                 self.rl_do_indent = False
             line = raw_input_original().decode(self.stdin_encoding)
             self.interact_handle_input(line)
 
     def interact(self, display_banner=None):
         """Closely emulate the interactive Python console."""
 
         # batch run -> do not interact        
         if self.exit_now:
             return
 
         if display_banner is None:
             display_banner = self.display_banner
         if display_banner:
             self.show_banner()
 
         more = 0
         
         # Mark activity in the builtins
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] += 1
         
         if self.has_readline:
             self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
         # exit_now is set by a call to %Exit or %Quit, through the
         # ask_exit callback.
         
         while not self.exit_now:
             self.hooks.pre_prompt_hook()
             if more:
                 try:
                     prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = True
                     
             else:
                 try:
                     prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
             try:
                 line = self.raw_input(prompt, more)
                 if self.exit_now:
                     # quick exit on sys.std[in|out] close
                     break
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = False
                     
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 #double-guard against keyboardinterrupts during kbdint handling
                 try:
                     self.write('\nKeyboardInterrupt\n')
                     self.resetbuffer()
                     # keep cache in sync with the prompt counter:
                     self.outputcache.prompt_count -= 1
     
                     if self.autoindent:
                         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
                     more = 0
                 except KeyboardInterrupt:
                     pass
             except EOFError:
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = False
                     if self.has_readline:
                         self.readline_startup_hook(None)
                 self.write('\n')
                 self.exit()
             except bdb.BdbQuit:
                 warn('The Python debugger has exited with a BdbQuit exception.\n'
                      'Because of how pdb handles the stack, it is impossible\n'
                      'for IPython to properly format this particular exception.\n'
                      'IPython will resume normal operation.')
             except:
                 # exceptions here are VERY RARE, but they can be triggered
                 # asynchronously by signal handlers, for example.
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 more = self.push_line(line)
                 if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
                     self.autoedit_syntax):
                     self.edit_syntax_error()
 
         # We are off again...
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] -= 1
 
         # Turn off the exit flag, so the mainloop can be restarted if desired
         self.exit_now = False
 
     def safe_execfile(self, fname, *where, **kw):
         """A safe version of the builtin execfile().
 
         This version will never throw an exception, but instead print
         helpful error messages to the screen.  This only works on pure
         Python files with the .py extension.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         fname : string
             The name of the file to be executed.
         where : tuple
             One or two namespaces, passed to execfile() as (globals,locals).
             If only one is given, it is passed as both.
         exit_ignore : bool (False)
             If True, then silence SystemExit for non-zero status (it is always
             silenced for zero status, as it is so common).
         """
         kw.setdefault('exit_ignore', False)
 
         fname = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(fname))
 
         # Make sure we have a .py file
         if not fname.endswith('.py'):
             warn('File must end with .py to be run using execfile: <%s>' % fname)
 
         # Make sure we can open the file
         try:
             with open(fname) as thefile:
                 pass
         except:
             warn('Could not open file <%s> for safe execution.' % fname)
             return
 
         # Find things also in current directory.  This is needed to mimic the
         # behavior of running a script from the system command line, where
         # Python inserts the script's directory into sys.path
         dname = os.path.dirname(fname)
 
         with prepended_to_syspath(dname):
             try:
                 execfile(fname,*where)
             except SystemExit, status:
                 # If the call was made with 0 or None exit status (sys.exit(0)
                 # or sys.exit() ), don't bother showing a traceback, as both of
                 # these are considered normal by the OS:
                 # > python -c'import sys;sys.exit(0)'; echo $?
                 # 0
                 # > python -c'import sys;sys.exit()'; echo $?
                 # 0
                 # For other exit status, we show the exception unless
                 # explicitly silenced, but only in short form.
                 if status.code not in (0, None) and not kw['exit_ignore']:
                     self.showtraceback(exception_only=True)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
 
     def safe_execfile_ipy(self, fname):
         """Like safe_execfile, but for .ipy files with IPython syntax.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         fname : str
             The name of the file to execute.  The filename must have a
             .ipy extension.
         """
         fname = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(fname))
 
         # Make sure we have a .py file
         if not fname.endswith('.ipy'):
             warn('File must end with .py to be run using execfile: <%s>' % fname)
 
         # Make sure we can open the file
         try:
             with open(fname) as thefile:
                 pass
         except:
             warn('Could not open file <%s> for safe execution.' % fname)
             return
 
         # Find things also in current directory.  This is needed to mimic the
         # behavior of running a script from the system command line, where
         # Python inserts the script's directory into sys.path
         dname = os.path.dirname(fname)
 
         with prepended_to_syspath(dname):
             try:
                 with open(fname) as thefile:
                     script = thefile.read()
                     # self.runlines currently captures all exceptions
                     # raise in user code.  It would be nice if there were
                     # versions of runlines, execfile that did raise, so
                     # we could catch the errors.
                     self.runlines(script, clean=True)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
                 warn('Unknown failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
                 
     def _is_secondary_block_start(self, s):
         if not s.endswith(':'):
             return False
         if (s.startswith('elif') or 
             s.startswith('else') or 
             s.startswith('except') or
             s.startswith('finally')):
             return True
 
     def cleanup_ipy_script(self, script):
         """Make a script safe for self.runlines()
 
         Currently, IPython is lines based, with blocks being detected by
         empty lines.  This is a problem for block based scripts that may
         not have empty lines after blocks.  This script adds those empty
         lines to make scripts safe for running in the current line based
         IPython.
         """
         res = []
         lines = script.splitlines()
         level = 0
 
         for l in lines:
             lstripped = l.lstrip()
             stripped = l.strip()                
             if not stripped:
                 continue
             newlevel = len(l) - len(lstripped)                    
             if level > 0 and newlevel == 0 and \
                    not self._is_secondary_block_start(stripped): 
                 # add empty line
                 res.append('')
             res.append(l)
             level = newlevel
 
         return '\n'.join(res) + '\n'
 
     def runlines(self, lines, clean=False):
         """Run a string of one or more lines of source.
 
         This method is capable of running a string containing multiple source
         lines, as if they had been entered at the IPython prompt.  Since it
         exposes IPython's processing machinery, the given strings can contain
         magic calls (%magic), special shell access (!cmd), etc.
         """
 
         if isinstance(lines, (list, tuple)):
             lines = '\n'.join(lines)
 
         if clean:
             lines = self.cleanup_ipy_script(lines)
 
         # We must start with a clean buffer, in case this is run from an
         # interactive IPython session (via a magic, for example).
         self.resetbuffer()
         lines = lines.splitlines()
         more = 0
 
         with nested(self.builtin_trap, self.display_trap):
             for line in lines:
                 # skip blank lines so we don't mess up the prompt counter, but do
                 # NOT skip even a blank line if we are in a code block (more is
                 # true)
             
                 if line or more:
                     # push to raw history, so hist line numbers stay in sync
                     self.input_hist_raw.append("# " + line + "\n")
                     prefiltered = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_lines(line,more)
                     more = self.push_line(prefiltered)
                     # IPython's runsource returns None if there was an error
                     # compiling the code.  This allows us to stop processing right
                     # away, so the user gets the error message at the right place.
                     if more is None:
                         break
                 else:
                     self.input_hist_raw.append("\n")
             # final newline in case the input didn't have it, so that the code
             # actually does get executed
             if more:
                 self.push_line('\n')
 
     def runsource(self, source, filename='<input>', symbol='single'):
         """Compile and run some source in the interpreter.
 
         Arguments are as for compile_command().
 
         One several things can happen:
 
         1) The input is incorrect; compile_command() raised an
         exception (SyntaxError or OverflowError).  A syntax traceback
         will be printed by calling the showsyntaxerror() method.
 
         2) The input is incomplete, and more input is required;
         compile_command() returned None.  Nothing happens.
 
         3) The input is complete; compile_command() returned a code
         object.  The code is executed by calling self.runcode() (which
         also handles run-time exceptions, except for SystemExit).
 
         The return value is:
 
           - True in case 2
 
           - False in the other cases, unless an exception is raised, where
           None is returned instead.  This can be used by external callers to
           know whether to continue feeding input or not.
 
         The return value can be used to decide whether to use sys.ps1 or
         sys.ps2 to prompt the next line."""
 
         # if the source code has leading blanks, add 'if 1:\n' to it
         # this allows execution of indented pasted code. It is tempting
         # to add '\n' at the end of source to run commands like ' a=1'
         # directly, but this fails for more complicated scenarios
         source=source.encode(self.stdin_encoding)
         if source[:1] in [' ', '\t']:
             source = 'if 1:\n%s' % source
 
         try:
             code = self.compile(source,filename,symbol)
         except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError, TypeError, MemoryError):
             # Case 1
             self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             return None
 
         if code is None:
             # Case 2
             return True
 
         # Case 3
         # We store the code object so that threaded shells and
         # custom exception handlers can access all this info if needed.
         # The source corresponding to this can be obtained from the
         # buffer attribute as '\n'.join(self.buffer).
         self.code_to_run = code
         # now actually execute the code object
         if self.runcode(code) == 0:
             return False
         else:
             return None
 
     def runcode(self,code_obj):
         """Execute a code object.
 
         When an exception occurs, self.showtraceback() is called to display a
         traceback.
 
         Return value: a flag indicating whether the code to be run completed
         successfully:
 
           - 0: successful execution.
           - 1: an error occurred.
         """
 
         # Set our own excepthook in case the user code tries to call it
         # directly, so that the IPython crash handler doesn't get triggered
         old_excepthook,sys.excepthook = sys.excepthook, self.excepthook
 
         # we save the original sys.excepthook in the instance, in case config
         # code (such as magics) needs access to it.
         self.sys_excepthook = old_excepthook
         outflag = 1  # happens in more places, so it's easier as default
         try:
             try:
                 self.hooks.pre_runcode_hook()
                 exec code_obj in self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns
             finally:
                 # Reset our crash handler in place
                 sys.excepthook = old_excepthook
         except SystemExit:
             self.resetbuffer()
             self.showtraceback(exception_only=True)
             warn("To exit: use any of 'exit', 'quit', %Exit or Ctrl-D.", level=1)
         except self.custom_exceptions:
             etype,value,tb = sys.exc_info()
             self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
         except:
             self.showtraceback()
         else:
             outflag = 0
             if softspace(sys.stdout, 0):
                 print
         # Flush out code object which has been run (and source)
         self.code_to_run = None
         return outflag
         
     def push_line(self, line):
         """Push a line to the interpreter.
 
         The line should not have a trailing newline; it may have
         internal newlines.  The line is appended to a buffer and the
         interpreter's runsource() method is called with the
         concatenated contents of the buffer as source.  If this
         indicates that the command was executed or invalid, the buffer
         is reset; otherwise, the command is incomplete, and the buffer
         is left as it was after the line was appended.  The return
         value is 1 if more input is required, 0 if the line was dealt
         with in some way (this is the same as runsource()).
         """
 
         # autoindent management should be done here, and not in the
         # interactive loop, since that one is only seen by keyboard input.  We
         # need this done correctly even for code run via runlines (which uses
         # push).
 
         #print 'push line: <%s>' % line  # dbg
         for subline in line.splitlines():
             self._autoindent_update(subline)
         self.buffer.append(line)
         more = self.runsource('\n'.join(self.buffer), self.filename)
         if not more:
             self.resetbuffer()
         return more
 
     def _autoindent_update(self,line):
         """Keep track of the indent level."""
 
         #debugx('line')
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp')
         if self.autoindent:
             if line:
                 inisp = num_ini_spaces(line)
                 if inisp < self.indent_current_nsp:
                     self.indent_current_nsp = inisp
 
                 if line[-1] == ':':
                     self.indent_current_nsp += 4
                 elif dedent_re.match(line):
                     self.indent_current_nsp -= 4
             else:
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
     def resetbuffer(self):
         """Reset the input buffer."""
         self.buffer[:] = []
         
     def raw_input(self,prompt='',continue_prompt=False):
         """Write a prompt and read a line.
 
         The returned line does not include the trailing newline.
         When the user enters the EOF key sequence, EOFError is raised.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - prompt(''): a string to be printed to prompt the user.
 
           - continue_prompt(False): whether this line is the first one or a
           continuation in a sequence of inputs.
         """
         # growl.notify("raw_input: ", "prompt = %r\ncontinue_prompt = %s" % (prompt, continue_prompt))
 
         # Code run by the user may have modified the readline completer state.
         # We must ensure that our completer is back in place.
 
         if self.has_readline:
             self.set_completer()
         
         try:
             line = raw_input_original(prompt).decode(self.stdin_encoding)
         except ValueError:
             warn("\n********\nYou or a %run:ed script called sys.stdin.close()"
                  " or sys.stdout.close()!\nExiting IPython!")
             self.ask_exit()
             return ""
 
         # Try to be reasonably smart about not re-indenting pasted input more
         # than necessary.  We do this by trimming out the auto-indent initial
         # spaces, if the user's actual input started itself with whitespace.
         #debugx('self.buffer[-1]')
 
         if self.autoindent:
             if num_ini_spaces(line) > self.indent_current_nsp:
                 line = line[self.indent_current_nsp:]
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
             
         # store the unfiltered input before the user has any chance to modify
         # it.
         if line.strip():
             if continue_prompt:
                 self.input_hist_raw[-1] += '%s\n' % line
                 if self.has_readline and self.readline_use:
                     try:
                         histlen = self.readline.get_current_history_length()
                         if histlen > 1:
                             newhist = self.input_hist_raw[-1].rstrip()
                             self.readline.remove_history_item(histlen-1)
                             self.readline.replace_history_item(histlen-2,
                                             newhist.encode(self.stdin_encoding))
                     except AttributeError:
                         pass # re{move,place}_history_item are new in 2.4.                
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)                
             # only entries starting at first column go to shadow history
             if line.lstrip() == line:
                 self.shadowhist.add(line.strip())
         elif not continue_prompt:
             self.input_hist_raw.append('\n')
         try:
             lineout = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_lines(line,continue_prompt)
         except:
             # blanket except, in case a user-defined prefilter crashes, so it
             # can't take all of ipython with it.
             self.showtraceback()
             return ''
         else:
             return lineout
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Working with components
-    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    def get_component(self, name=None, klass=None):
-        """Fetch a component by name and klass in my tree."""
-        c = Component.get_instances(root=self, name=name, klass=klass)
-        if len(c) == 0:
-            return None
-        if len(c) == 1:
-            return c[0]
-        else:
-            return c
-
-    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # IPython extensions
-    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    def load_extension(self, module_str):
-        """Load an IPython extension by its module name.
-
-        An IPython extension is an importable Python module that has
-        a function with the signature::
-
-            def load_ipython_extension(ipython):
-                # Do things with ipython
-
-        This function is called after your extension is imported and the 
-        currently active :class:`InteractiveShell` instance is passed as
-        the only argument.  You can do anything you want with IPython at
-        that point, including defining new magic and aliases, adding new
-        components, etc.
-
-        The :func:`load_ipython_extension` will be called again is you 
-        load or reload the extension again.  It is up to the extension
-        author to add code to manage that.
-
-        You can put your extension modules anywhere you want, as long as
-        they can be imported by Python's standard import mechanism.  However,
-        to make it easy to write extensions, you can also put your extensions
-        in ``os.path.join(self.ipython_dir, 'extensions')``.  This directory
-        is added to ``sys.path`` automatically.
-
-        If :func:`load_ipython_extension` returns anything, this function
-        will return that object.
-        """
-        from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
-
-        if module_str not in sys.modules:
-            with prepended_to_syspath(self.ipython_extension_dir):
-                __import__(module_str)
-        mod = sys.modules[module_str]
-        return self._call_load_ipython_extension(mod)
-
-    def unload_extension(self, module_str):
-        """Unload an IPython extension by its module name.
-
-        This function looks up the extension's name in ``sys.modules`` and
-        simply calls ``mod.unload_ipython_extension(self)``.
-        """
-        if module_str in sys.modules:
-            mod = sys.modules[module_str]
-            self._call_unload_ipython_extension(mod)
-
-    def reload_extension(self, module_str):
-        """Reload an IPython extension by calling reload.
-
-        If the module has not been loaded before,
-        :meth:`InteractiveShell.load_extension` is called. Otherwise
-        :func:`reload` is called and then the :func:`load_ipython_extension`
-        function of the module, if it exists is called.
-        """
-        from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
-
-        with prepended_to_syspath(self.ipython_extension_dir):
-            if module_str in sys.modules:
-                mod = sys.modules[module_str]
-                reload(mod)
-                self._call_load_ipython_extension(mod)
-            else:
-                self.load_extension(module_str)
-
-    def _call_load_ipython_extension(self, mod):
-        if hasattr(mod, 'load_ipython_extension'):
-            return mod.load_ipython_extension(self)
-
-    def _call_unload_ipython_extension(self, mod):
-        if hasattr(mod, 'unload_ipython_extension'):
-            return mod.unload_ipython_extension(self)
-
-    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the prefilter
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_prefilter(self):
-        self.prefilter_manager = PrefilterManager(self, config=self.config)
+        self.prefilter_manager = PrefilterManager(shell=self, config=self.config)
         # Ultimately this will be refactored in the new interpreter code, but
         # for now, we should expose the main prefilter method (there's legacy
         # code out there that may rely on this).
         self.prefilter = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_lines
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Utilities
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def getoutput(self, cmd):
         return getoutput(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                          header=self.system_header,
                          verbose=self.system_verbose)
 
     def getoutputerror(self, cmd):
         return getoutputerror(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                               header=self.system_header,
                               verbose=self.system_verbose)
 
     def var_expand(self,cmd,depth=0):
         """Expand python variables in a string.
 
         The depth argument indicates how many frames above the caller should
         be walked to look for the local namespace where to expand variables.
 
         The global namespace for expansion is always the user's interactive
         namespace.
         """
 
         return str(ItplNS(cmd,
                           self.user_ns,  # globals
                           # Skip our own frame in searching for locals:
                           sys._getframe(depth+1).f_locals # locals
                           ))
 
     def mktempfile(self,data=None):
         """Make a new tempfile and return its filename.
 
         This makes a call to tempfile.mktemp, but it registers the created
         filename internally so ipython cleans it up at exit time.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - data(None): if data is given, it gets written out to the temp file
           immediately, and the file is closed again."""
 
         filename = tempfile.mktemp('.py','ipython_edit_')
         self.tempfiles.append(filename)
         
         if data:
             tmp_file = open(filename,'w')
             tmp_file.write(data)
             tmp_file.close()
         return filename
 
     def write(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default output"""
         Term.cout.write(data)
 
     def write_err(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default error output"""
         Term.cerr.write(data)
 
     def ask_yes_no(self,prompt,default=True):
         if self.quiet:
             return True
         return ask_yes_no(prompt,default)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to GUI support and pylab
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def enable_pylab(self, gui=None):
         """Activate pylab support at runtime.
 
         This turns on support for matplotlib, preloads into the interactive
         namespace all of numpy and pylab, and configures IPython to correcdtly
         interact with the GUI event loop.  The GUI backend to be used can be
         optionally selected with the optional :param:`gui` argument.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         gui : optional, string
 
           If given, dictates the choice of matplotlib GUI backend to use
           (should be one of IPython's supported backends, 'tk', 'qt', 'wx' or
           'gtk'), otherwise we use the default chosen by matplotlib (as
           dictated by the matplotlib build-time options plus the user's
           matplotlibrc configuration file).
         """
         # We want to prevent the loading of pylab to pollute the user's
         # namespace as shown by the %who* magics, so we execute the activation
         # code in an empty namespace, and we update *both* user_ns and
         # user_ns_hidden with this information.
         ns = {}
         gui = pylab_activate(ns, gui)
         self.user_ns.update(ns)
         self.user_ns_hidden.update(ns)
         # Now we must activate the gui pylab wants to use, and fix %run to take
         # plot updates into account
         enable_gui(gui)
         self.magic_run = self._pylab_magic_run
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to IPython exiting
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def ask_exit(self):
         """ Ask the shell to exit. Can be overiden and used as a callback. """
         self.exit_now = True
 
     def exit(self):
         """Handle interactive exit.
 
         This method calls the ask_exit callback."""
         if self.confirm_exit:
             if self.ask_yes_no('Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)?','y'):
                 self.ask_exit()
         else:
             self.ask_exit()
 
     def atexit_operations(self):
         """This will be executed at the time of exit.
 
         Saving of persistent data should be performed here.
         """
         self.savehist()
 
         # Cleanup all tempfiles left around
         for tfile in self.tempfiles:
             try:
                 os.unlink(tfile)
             except OSError:
                 pass
 
         # Clear all user namespaces to release all references cleanly.
         self.reset()
 
         # Run user hooks
         self.hooks.shutdown_hook()
 
     def cleanup(self):
         self.restore_sys_module_state()
 
 
+class InteractiveShellABC(object):
+    """An abstract base class for InteractiveShell."""
+    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
+
+InteractiveShellABC.register(InteractiveShell)

IPython/core/magic.py

@@ -1,3708 +1,3708 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """Magic functions for InteractiveShell.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]> and
 #  Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Fernando Perez <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import __builtin__
 import __future__
 import bdb
 import inspect
 import os
 import sys
 import shutil
 import re
 import time
 import textwrap
 import types
 from cStringIO import StringIO
 from getopt import getopt,GetoptError
 from pprint import pformat
 
 # cProfile was added in Python2.5
 try:
     import cProfile as profile
     import pstats
 except ImportError:
     # profile isn't bundled by default in Debian for license reasons
     try:
         import profile,pstats
     except ImportError:
         profile = pstats = None
 
 # print_function was added to __future__ in Python2.6, remove this when we drop
 # 2.5 compatibility
 if not hasattr(__future__,'CO_FUTURE_PRINT_FUNCTION'):
     __future__.CO_FUTURE_PRINT_FUNCTION = 65536
 
 import IPython
 from IPython.core import debugger, oinspect
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext
 from IPython.core.error import UsageError
 from IPython.core.fakemodule import FakeModule
 from IPython.core.macro import Macro
 from IPython.core.page import page
 from IPython.core.prefilter import ESC_MAGIC
 from IPython.lib.pylabtools import mpl_runner
 from IPython.lib.inputhook import enable_gui
 from IPython.external.Itpl import itpl, printpl
 from IPython.testing import decorators as testdec
 from IPython.utils.io import Term, file_read, nlprint
 from IPython.utils.path import get_py_filename
 from IPython.utils.process import arg_split, abbrev_cwd
 from IPython.utils.terminal import set_term_title
 from IPython.utils.text import LSString, SList, StringTypes
 from IPython.utils.timing import clock, clock2
 from IPython.utils.warn import warn, error
 from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 import IPython.utils.generics
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utility functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def on_off(tag):
     """Return an ON/OFF string for a 1/0 input. Simple utility function."""
     return ['OFF','ON'][tag]
 
 class Bunch: pass
 
 def compress_dhist(dh):
     head, tail = dh[:-10], dh[-10:]
 
     newhead = []
     done = set()
     for h in head:
         if h in done:
             continue
         newhead.append(h)
         done.add(h)
 
     return newhead + tail        
 
 
 #***************************************************************************
 # Main class implementing Magic functionality
 
 # XXX - for some odd reason, if Magic is made a new-style class, we get errors
 # on construction of the main InteractiveShell object.  Something odd is going
-# on with super() calls, Component and the MRO... For now leave it as-is, but
+# on with super() calls, Configurable and the MRO... For now leave it as-is, but
 # eventually this needs to be clarified.
 # BG: This is because InteractiveShell inherits from this, but is itself a 
-# Component. This messes up the MRO in some way. The fix is that we need to
-# make Magic a component that InteractiveShell does not subclass.
+# Configurable. This messes up the MRO in some way. The fix is that we need to
+# make Magic a configurable that InteractiveShell does not subclass.
 
 class Magic:
     """Magic functions for InteractiveShell.
 
     Shell functions which can be reached as %function_name. All magic
     functions should accept a string, which they can parse for their own
     needs. This can make some functions easier to type, eg `%cd ../`
     vs. `%cd("../")`
 
     ALL definitions MUST begin with the prefix magic_. The user won't need it
     at the command line, but it is is needed in the definition. """
 
     # class globals
     auto_status = ['Automagic is OFF, % prefix IS needed for magic functions.',
                    'Automagic is ON, % prefix NOT needed for magic functions.']
 
     #......................................................................
     # some utility functions
 
     def __init__(self,shell):
         
         self.options_table = {}
         if profile is None:
             self.magic_prun = self.profile_missing_notice
         self.shell = shell
 
         # namespace for holding state we may need
         self._magic_state = Bunch()
 
     def profile_missing_notice(self, *args, **kwargs):
         error("""\
 The profile module could not be found. It has been removed from the standard
 python packages because of its non-free license. To use profiling, install the
 python-profiler package from non-free.""")
 
     def default_option(self,fn,optstr):
         """Make an entry in the options_table for fn, with value optstr"""
 
         if fn not in self.lsmagic():
             error("%s is not a magic function" % fn)
         self.options_table[fn] = optstr
 
     def lsmagic(self):
         """Return a list of currently available magic functions.
 
         Gives a list of the bare names after mangling (['ls','cd', ...], not
         ['magic_ls','magic_cd',...]"""
 
         # FIXME. This needs a cleanup, in the way the magics list is built.
         
         # magics in class definition
         class_magic = lambda fn: fn.startswith('magic_') and \
                       callable(Magic.__dict__[fn])
         # in instance namespace (run-time user additions)
         inst_magic =  lambda fn: fn.startswith('magic_') and \
                      callable(self.__dict__[fn])
         # and bound magics by user (so they can access self):
         inst_bound_magic =  lambda fn: fn.startswith('magic_') and \
                            callable(self.__class__.__dict__[fn])
         magics = filter(class_magic,Magic.__dict__.keys()) + \
                  filter(inst_magic,self.__dict__.keys()) + \
                  filter(inst_bound_magic,self.__class__.__dict__.keys())
         out = []
         for fn in set(magics):
             out.append(fn.replace('magic_','',1))
         out.sort()
         return out
     
     def extract_input_slices(self,slices,raw=False):
         """Return as a string a set of input history slices.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - slices: the set of slices is given as a list of strings (like
           ['1','4:8','9'], since this function is for use by magic functions
           which get their arguments as strings.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - raw(False): by default, the processed input is used.  If this is
           true, the raw input history is used instead.
 
         Note that slices can be called with two notations:
 
         N:M -> standard python form, means including items N...(M-1).
 
         N-M -> include items N..M (closed endpoint)."""
 
         if raw:
             hist = self.shell.input_hist_raw
         else:
             hist = self.shell.input_hist
 
         cmds = []
         for chunk in slices:
             if ':' in chunk:
                 ini,fin = map(int,chunk.split(':'))
             elif '-' in chunk:
                 ini,fin = map(int,chunk.split('-'))
                 fin += 1
             else:
                 ini = int(chunk)
                 fin = ini+1
             cmds.append(hist[ini:fin])
         return cmds
         
     def _ofind(self, oname, namespaces=None):
         """Find an object in the available namespaces.
 
         self._ofind(oname) -> dict with keys: found,obj,ospace,ismagic
 
         Has special code to detect magic functions.
         """
         oname = oname.strip()
         alias_ns = None
         if namespaces is None:
             # Namespaces to search in:
             # Put them in a list. The order is important so that we
             # find things in the same order that Python finds them.
             namespaces = [ ('Interactive', self.shell.user_ns),
                            ('IPython internal', self.shell.internal_ns),
                            ('Python builtin', __builtin__.__dict__),
                            ('Alias', self.shell.alias_manager.alias_table),
                            ]
             alias_ns = self.shell.alias_manager.alias_table
 
         # initialize results to 'null'
         found = False; obj = None;  ospace = None;  ds = None;
         ismagic = False; isalias = False; parent = None
 
         # We need to special-case 'print', which as of python2.6 registers as a
         # function but should only be treated as one if print_function was
         # loaded with a future import.  In this case, just bail.
         if (oname == 'print' and not (self.shell.compile.compiler.flags &
                                       __future__.CO_FUTURE_PRINT_FUNCTION)):
             return {'found':found, 'obj':obj, 'namespace':ospace,
                     'ismagic':ismagic, 'isalias':isalias, 'parent':parent}
 
         # Look for the given name by splitting it in parts.  If the head is
         # found, then we look for all the remaining parts as members, and only
         # declare success if we can find them all.
         oname_parts = oname.split('.')
         oname_head, oname_rest = oname_parts[0],oname_parts[1:]
         for nsname,ns in namespaces:
             try:
                 obj = ns[oname_head]
             except KeyError:
                 continue
             else:
                 #print 'oname_rest:', oname_rest  # dbg
                 for part in oname_rest:
                     try:
                         parent = obj
                         obj = getattr(obj,part)
                     except:
                         # Blanket except b/c some badly implemented objects
                         # allow __getattr__ to raise exceptions other than
                         # AttributeError, which then crashes IPython.
                         break
                 else:
                     # If we finish the for loop (no break), we got all members
                     found = True
                     ospace = nsname
                     if ns == alias_ns:
                         isalias = True
                     break  # namespace loop
 
         # Try to see if it's magic
         if not found:
             if oname.startswith(ESC_MAGIC):
                 oname = oname[1:]
             obj = getattr(self,'magic_'+oname,None)
             if obj is not None:
                 found = True
                 ospace = 'IPython internal'
                 ismagic = True
 
         # Last try: special-case some literals like '', [], {}, etc:
         if not found and oname_head in ["''",'""','[]','{}','()']:
             obj = eval(oname_head)
             found = True
             ospace = 'Interactive'
             
         return {'found':found, 'obj':obj, 'namespace':ospace,
                 'ismagic':ismagic, 'isalias':isalias, 'parent':parent}
     
     def arg_err(self,func):
         """Print docstring if incorrect arguments were passed"""
         print 'Error in arguments:'
         print oinspect.getdoc(func)
 
     def format_latex(self,strng):
         """Format a string for latex inclusion."""
 
         # Characters that need to be escaped for latex:
         escape_re = re.compile(r'(%|_|\$|#|&)',re.MULTILINE)
         # Magic command names as headers:
         cmd_name_re = re.compile(r'^(%s.*?):' % ESC_MAGIC,
                                  re.MULTILINE)
         # Magic commands 
         cmd_re = re.compile(r'(?P<cmd>%s.+?\b)(?!\}\}:)' % ESC_MAGIC,
                             re.MULTILINE)
         # Paragraph continue
         par_re = re.compile(r'\\$',re.MULTILINE)
 
         # The "\n" symbol
         newline_re = re.compile(r'\\n')
 
         # Now build the string for output:
         #strng = cmd_name_re.sub(r'\n\\texttt{\\textsl{\\large \1}}:',strng)
         strng = cmd_name_re.sub(r'\n\\bigskip\n\\texttt{\\textbf{ \1}}:',
                                 strng)
         strng = cmd_re.sub(r'\\texttt{\g<cmd>}',strng)
         strng = par_re.sub(r'\\\\',strng)
         strng = escape_re.sub(r'\\\1',strng)
         strng = newline_re.sub(r'\\textbackslash{}n',strng)
         return strng
 
     def format_screen(self,strng):
         """Format a string for screen printing.
 
         This removes some latex-type format codes."""
         # Paragraph continue
         par_re = re.compile(r'\\$',re.MULTILINE)
         strng = par_re.sub('',strng)
         return strng
 
     def parse_options(self,arg_str,opt_str,*long_opts,**kw):
         """Parse options passed to an argument string.
 
         The interface is similar to that of getopt(), but it returns back a
         Struct with the options as keys and the stripped argument string still
         as a string.
 
         arg_str is quoted as a true sys.argv vector by using shlex.split.
         This allows us to easily expand variables, glob files, quote
         arguments, etc.
 
         Options:
           -mode: default 'string'. If given as 'list', the argument string is
           returned as a list (split on whitespace) instead of a string.
 
           -list_all: put all option values in lists. Normally only options
           appearing more than once are put in a list.
 
           -posix (True): whether to split the input line in POSIX mode or not,
           as per the conventions outlined in the shlex module from the
           standard library."""
  
         # inject default options at the beginning of the input line
         caller = sys._getframe(1).f_code.co_name.replace('magic_','')
         arg_str = '%s %s' % (self.options_table.get(caller,''),arg_str)
         
         mode = kw.get('mode','string')
         if mode not in ['string','list']:
             raise ValueError,'incorrect mode given: %s' % mode
         # Get options
         list_all = kw.get('list_all',0)
         posix = kw.get('posix', os.name == 'posix')
 
         # Check if we have more than one argument to warrant extra processing:
         odict = {}  # Dictionary with options
         args = arg_str.split()
         if len(args) >= 1:
             # If the list of inputs only has 0 or 1 thing in it, there's no
             # need to look for options
             argv = arg_split(arg_str,posix)
             # Do regular option processing
             try:
                 opts,args = getopt(argv,opt_str,*long_opts)
             except GetoptError,e:
                 raise UsageError('%s ( allowed: "%s" %s)' % (e.msg,opt_str, 
                                         " ".join(long_opts)))
             for o,a in opts:
                 if o.startswith('--'):
                     o = o[2:]
                 else:
                     o = o[1:]
                 try:
                     odict[o].append(a)
                 except AttributeError:
                     odict[o] = [odict[o],a]
                 except KeyError:
                     if list_all:
                         odict[o] = [a]
                     else:
                         odict[o] = a
 
         # Prepare opts,args for return
         opts = Struct(odict)
         if mode == 'string':
             args = ' '.join(args)
 
         return opts,args
     
     #......................................................................
     # And now the actual magic functions
 
     # Functions for IPython shell work (vars,funcs, config, etc)
     def magic_lsmagic(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """List currently available magic functions."""
         mesc = ESC_MAGIC
         print 'Available magic functions:\n'+mesc+\
               ('  '+mesc).join(self.lsmagic())
         print '\n' + Magic.auto_status[self.shell.automagic]
         return None
         
     def magic_magic(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Print information about the magic function system.
         
         Supported formats: -latex, -brief, -rest        
         """
 
         mode = ''
         try:
             if parameter_s.split()[0] == '-latex':
                 mode = 'latex'
             if parameter_s.split()[0] == '-brief':
                 mode = 'brief'
             if parameter_s.split()[0] == '-rest':
                 mode = 'rest'
                 rest_docs = []
         except:
             pass
 
         magic_docs = []
         for fname in self.lsmagic():
             mname = 'magic_' + fname
             for space in (Magic,self,self.__class__):
                 try:
                     fn = space.__dict__[mname]
                 except KeyError:
                     pass
                 else:
                     break
             if mode == 'brief':
                 # only first line
                 if fn.__doc__:                    
                     fndoc = fn.__doc__.split('\n',1)[0]
                 else:
                     fndoc = 'No documentation'
             else:
                 if fn.__doc__:
                     fndoc = fn.__doc__.rstrip()       
                 else:
                     fndoc = 'No documentation'
                 
                 
             if mode == 'rest':
                 rest_docs.append('**%s%s**::\n\n\t%s\n\n' %(ESC_MAGIC,
                                                     fname,fndoc))
                 
             else:
                 magic_docs.append('%s%s:\n\t%s\n' %(ESC_MAGIC,
                                                     fname,fndoc))
                 
         magic_docs = ''.join(magic_docs)
 
         if mode == 'rest':
             return "".join(rest_docs)
         
         if mode == 'latex':
             print self.format_latex(magic_docs)
             return
         else:
             magic_docs = self.format_screen(magic_docs)
         if mode == 'brief':
             return magic_docs
         
         outmsg = """
 IPython's 'magic' functions
 ===========================
 
 The magic function system provides a series of functions which allow you to
 control the behavior of IPython itself, plus a lot of system-type
 features. All these functions are prefixed with a % character, but parameters
 are given without parentheses or quotes.
 
 NOTE: If you have 'automagic' enabled (via the command line option or with the
 %automagic function), you don't need to type in the % explicitly.  By default,
 IPython ships with automagic on, so you should only rarely need the % escape.
 
 Example: typing '%cd mydir' (without the quotes) changes you working directory
 to 'mydir', if it exists.
 
 You can define your own magic functions to extend the system. See the supplied
 ipythonrc and example-magic.py files for details (in your ipython
 configuration directory, typically $HOME/.ipython/).
 
 You can also define your own aliased names for magic functions. In your
 ipythonrc file, placing a line like:
 
   execute __IPYTHON__.magic_pf = __IPYTHON__.magic_profile
 
 will define %pf as a new name for %profile.
 
 You can also call magics in code using the magic() function, which IPython
 automatically adds to the builtin namespace.  Type 'magic?' for details.
 
 For a list of the available magic functions, use %lsmagic. For a description
 of any of them, type %magic_name?, e.g. '%cd?'.
 
 Currently the magic system has the following functions:\n"""
 
         mesc = ESC_MAGIC
         outmsg = ("%s\n%s\n\nSummary of magic functions (from %slsmagic):"
                   "\n\n%s%s\n\n%s" % (outmsg,
                                      magic_docs,mesc,mesc,
                                      ('  '+mesc).join(self.lsmagic()),
                                      Magic.auto_status[self.shell.automagic] ) )
 
         page(outmsg,screen_lines=self.shell.usable_screen_length)
   
 
     def magic_autoindent(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Toggle autoindent on/off (if available)."""
 
         self.shell.set_autoindent()
         print "Automatic indentation is:",['OFF','ON'][self.shell.autoindent]
 
 
     def magic_automagic(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Make magic functions callable without having to type the initial %.
 
         Without argumentsl toggles on/off (when off, you must call it as
         %automagic, of course).  With arguments it sets the value, and you can
         use any of (case insensitive):
 
          - on,1,True: to activate
 
          - off,0,False: to deactivate.
 
         Note that magic functions have lowest priority, so if there's a
         variable whose name collides with that of a magic fn, automagic won't
         work for that function (you get the variable instead). However, if you
         delete the variable (del var), the previously shadowed magic function
         becomes visible to automagic again."""
 
         arg = parameter_s.lower()
         if parameter_s in ('on','1','true'):
             self.shell.automagic = True
         elif parameter_s in ('off','0','false'):
             self.shell.automagic = False
         else:
             self.shell.automagic = not self.shell.automagic
         print '\n' + Magic.auto_status[self.shell.automagic]
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_autocall(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Make functions callable without having to type parentheses.
 
         Usage:
 
            %autocall [mode]
 
         The mode can be one of: 0->Off, 1->Smart, 2->Full.  If not given, the
         value is toggled on and off (remembering the previous state).
 
         In more detail, these values mean:
 
         0 -> fully disabled
 
         1 -> active, but do not apply if there are no arguments on the line.
 
         In this mode, you get:
 
         In [1]: callable
         Out[1]: <built-in function callable>
 
         In [2]: callable 'hello'
         ------> callable('hello')
         Out[2]: False
 
         2 -> Active always.  Even if no arguments are present, the callable
         object is called:
 
         In [2]: float
         ------> float()
         Out[2]: 0.0
 
         Note that even with autocall off, you can still use '/' at the start of
         a line to treat the first argument on the command line as a function
         and add parentheses to it:
 
         In [8]: /str 43
         ------> str(43)
         Out[8]: '43'
 
         # all-random (note for auto-testing)
         """
 
         if parameter_s:
             arg = int(parameter_s)
         else:
             arg = 'toggle'
 
         if not arg in (0,1,2,'toggle'):
             error('Valid modes: (0->Off, 1->Smart, 2->Full')
             return
 
         if arg in (0,1,2):
             self.shell.autocall = arg
         else: # toggle
             if self.shell.autocall:
                 self._magic_state.autocall_save = self.shell.autocall
                 self.shell.autocall = 0
             else:
                 try:
                     self.shell.autocall = self._magic_state.autocall_save
                 except AttributeError:
                     self.shell.autocall = self._magic_state.autocall_save = 1
 
         print "Automatic calling is:",['OFF','Smart','Full'][self.shell.autocall]
 
     def magic_system_verbose(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Set verbose printing of system calls.
 
         If called without an argument, act as a toggle"""
 
         if parameter_s:
             val = bool(eval(parameter_s))
         else:
             val = None
 
         if self.shell.system_verbose:
             self.shell.system_verbose = False
         else:
             self.shell.system_verbose = True
         print "System verbose printing is:",\
               ['OFF','ON'][self.shell.system_verbose]
 
 
     def magic_page(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Pretty print the object and display it through a pager.
         
         %page [options] OBJECT
 
         If no object is given, use _ (last output).
         
         Options:
 
           -r: page str(object), don't pretty-print it."""
 
         # After a function contributed by Olivier Aubert, slightly modified.
 
         # Process options/args
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'r')
         raw = 'r' in opts
 
         oname = args and args or '_'
         info = self._ofind(oname)
         if info['found']:
             txt = (raw and str or pformat)( info['obj'] )
             page(txt)
         else:
             print 'Object `%s` not found' % oname
 
     def magic_profile(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print your currently active IPython profile."""
         if self.shell.profile:
             printpl('Current IPython profile: $self.shell.profile.')
         else:
             print 'No profile active.'
 
     def magic_pinfo(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Provide detailed information about an object.
     
         '%pinfo object' is just a synonym for object? or ?object."""
     
         #print 'pinfo par: <%s>' % parameter_s  # dbg
     
         
         # detail_level: 0 -> obj? , 1 -> obj??
         detail_level = 0
         # We need to detect if we got called as 'pinfo pinfo foo', which can
         # happen if the user types 'pinfo foo?' at the cmd line.
         pinfo,qmark1,oname,qmark2 = \
                re.match('(pinfo )?(\?*)(.*?)(\??$)',parameter_s).groups()
         if pinfo or qmark1 or qmark2:
             detail_level = 1
         if "*" in oname:
             self.magic_psearch(oname)
         else:
             self._inspect('pinfo', oname, detail_level=detail_level,
                           namespaces=namespaces)
 
     def magic_pdef(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print the definition header for any callable object.
 
         If the object is a class, print the constructor information."""
         self._inspect('pdef',parameter_s, namespaces)
 
     def magic_pdoc(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print the docstring for an object.
 
         If the given object is a class, it will print both the class and the
         constructor docstrings."""
         self._inspect('pdoc',parameter_s, namespaces)
 
     def magic_psource(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print (or run through pager) the source code for an object."""
         self._inspect('psource',parameter_s, namespaces)
 
     def magic_pfile(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print (or run through pager) the file where an object is defined.
 
         The file opens at the line where the object definition begins. IPython
         will honor the environment variable PAGER if set, and otherwise will
         do its best to print the file in a convenient form.
 
         If the given argument is not an object currently defined, IPython will
         try to interpret it as a filename (automatically adding a .py extension
         if needed). You can thus use %pfile as a syntax highlighting code
         viewer."""
 
         # first interpret argument as an object name
         out = self._inspect('pfile',parameter_s)
         # if not, try the input as a filename
         if out == 'not found':
             try:
                 filename = get_py_filename(parameter_s)
             except IOError,msg:
                 print msg
                 return
             page(self.shell.inspector.format(file(filename).read()))
 
     def _inspect(self,meth,oname,namespaces=None,**kw):
         """Generic interface to the inspector system.
 
         This function is meant to be called by pdef, pdoc & friends."""
 
         #oname = oname.strip()
         #print '1- oname: <%r>' % oname  # dbg
         try:
             oname = oname.strip().encode('ascii')
             #print '2- oname: <%r>' % oname  # dbg
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             print 'Python identifiers can only contain ascii characters.'
             return 'not found'
             
         info = Struct(self._ofind(oname, namespaces))
         
         if info.found:
             try:
                 IPython.utils.generics.inspect_object(info.obj)
                 return
             except TryNext:
                 pass
             # Get the docstring of the class property if it exists.
             path = oname.split('.')
             root = '.'.join(path[:-1])
             if info.parent is not None:
                 try:
                     target = getattr(info.parent, '__class__') 
                     # The object belongs to a class instance. 
                     try: 
                         target = getattr(target, path[-1])
                         # The class defines the object. 
                         if isinstance(target, property):
                             oname = root + '.__class__.' + path[-1]
                             info = Struct(self._ofind(oname))
                     except AttributeError: pass
                 except AttributeError: pass
                         
             pmethod = getattr(self.shell.inspector,meth)
             formatter = info.ismagic and self.format_screen or None
             if meth == 'pdoc':
                 pmethod(info.obj,oname,formatter)
             elif meth == 'pinfo':
                 pmethod(info.obj,oname,formatter,info,**kw)
             else:
                 pmethod(info.obj,oname)
         else:
             print 'Object `%s` not found.' % oname
             return 'not found'  # so callers can take other action
         
     def magic_psearch(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Search for object in namespaces by wildcard.
 
         %psearch [options] PATTERN [OBJECT TYPE]
 
         Note: ? can be used as a synonym for %psearch, at the beginning or at
         the end: both a*? and ?a* are equivalent to '%psearch a*'.  Still, the
         rest of the command line must be unchanged (options come first), so
         for example the following forms are equivalent
 
         %psearch -i a* function
         -i a* function?
         ?-i a* function
 
         Arguments:
         
           PATTERN
 
           where PATTERN is a string containing * as a wildcard similar to its
           use in a shell.  The pattern is matched in all namespaces on the
           search path. By default objects starting with a single _ are not
           matched, many IPython generated objects have a single
           underscore. The default is case insensitive matching. Matching is
           also done on the attributes of objects and not only on the objects
           in a module.
 
           [OBJECT TYPE]
 
           Is the name of a python type from the types module. The name is
           given in lowercase without the ending type, ex. StringType is
           written string. By adding a type here only objects matching the
           given type are matched. Using all here makes the pattern match all
           types (this is the default).
 
         Options:
 
           -a: makes the pattern match even objects whose names start with a
           single underscore.  These names are normally ommitted from the
           search.
 
           -i/-c: make the pattern case insensitive/sensitive.  If neither of
           these options is given, the default is read from your ipythonrc
           file.  The option name which sets this value is
           'wildcards_case_sensitive'.  If this option is not specified in your
           ipythonrc file, IPython's internal default is to do a case sensitive
           search.
 
           -e/-s NAMESPACE: exclude/search a given namespace.  The pattern you
           specifiy can be searched in any of the following namespaces:
           'builtin', 'user', 'user_global','internal', 'alias', where
           'builtin' and 'user' are the search defaults.  Note that you should
           not use quotes when specifying namespaces.
 
           'Builtin' contains the python module builtin, 'user' contains all
           user data, 'alias' only contain the shell aliases and no python
           objects, 'internal' contains objects used by IPython.  The
           'user_global' namespace is only used by embedded IPython instances,
           and it contains module-level globals.  You can add namespaces to the
           search with -s or exclude them with -e (these options can be given
           more than once).
     
         Examples:
        
         %psearch a*            -> objects beginning with an a
         %psearch -e builtin a* -> objects NOT in the builtin space starting in a
         %psearch a* function   -> all functions beginning with an a
         %psearch re.e*         -> objects beginning with an e in module re
         %psearch r*.e*         -> objects that start with e in modules starting in r
         %psearch r*.* string   -> all strings in modules beginning with r
 
         Case sensitve search:
        
         %psearch -c a*         list all object beginning with lower case a
 
         Show objects beginning with a single _:
        
         %psearch -a _*         list objects beginning with a single underscore"""
         try:
             parameter_s = parameter_s.encode('ascii')
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             print 'Python identifiers can only contain ascii characters.'
             return
 
         # default namespaces to be searched
         def_search = ['user','builtin']
 
         # Process options/args
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'cias:e:',list_all=True)
         opt = opts.get
         shell = self.shell
         psearch = shell.inspector.psearch
 
         # select case options
         if opts.has_key('i'):
             ignore_case = True
         elif opts.has_key('c'):
             ignore_case = False
         else:
             ignore_case = not shell.wildcards_case_sensitive
 
         # Build list of namespaces to search from user options
         def_search.extend(opt('s',[]))
         ns_exclude = ns_exclude=opt('e',[])
         ns_search = [nm for nm in def_search if nm not in ns_exclude]
         
         # Call the actual search
         try:
             psearch(args,shell.ns_table,ns_search,
                     show_all=opt('a'),ignore_case=ignore_case)
         except:
             shell.showtraceback()
         
     def magic_who_ls(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Return a sorted list of all interactive variables.
 
         If arguments are given, only variables of types matching these
         arguments are returned."""
 
         user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
         internal_ns = self.shell.internal_ns
         user_ns_hidden = self.shell.user_ns_hidden
         out = [ i for i in user_ns
                 if not i.startswith('_') \
                 and not (i in internal_ns or i in user_ns_hidden) ]
 
         typelist = parameter_s.split()
         if typelist:
             typeset = set(typelist)
             out = [i for i in out if type(i).__name__ in typeset]
 
         out.sort()
         return out
         
     def magic_who(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print all interactive variables, with some minimal formatting.
 
         If any arguments are given, only variables whose type matches one of
         these are printed.  For example:
 
           %who function str
 
         will only list functions and strings, excluding all other types of
         variables.  To find the proper type names, simply use type(var) at a
         command line to see how python prints type names.  For example:
 
           In [1]: type('hello')\\
           Out[1]: <type 'str'>
 
         indicates that the type name for strings is 'str'.
 
         %who always excludes executed names loaded through your configuration
         file and things which are internal to IPython.
 
         This is deliberate, as typically you may load many modules and the
         purpose of %who is to show you only what you've manually defined."""
 
         varlist = self.magic_who_ls(parameter_s)
         if not varlist:
             if parameter_s:
                 print 'No variables match your requested type.'
             else:
                 print 'Interactive namespace is empty.'
             return
 
         # if we have variables, move on...
         count = 0
         for i in varlist:
             print i+'\t',
             count += 1
             if count > 8:
                 count = 0
                 print
         print
 
     def magic_whos(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Like %who, but gives some extra information about each variable.
 
         The same type filtering of %who can be applied here.
 
         For all variables, the type is printed. Additionally it prints:
         
           - For {},[],(): their length.
 
           - For numpy and Numeric arrays, a summary with shape, number of
           elements, typecode and size in memory.
 
           - Everything else: a string representation, snipping their middle if
           too long."""
         
         varnames = self.magic_who_ls(parameter_s)
         if not varnames:
             if parameter_s:
                 print 'No variables match your requested type.'
             else:
                 print 'Interactive namespace is empty.'
             return
 
         # if we have variables, move on...
 
         # for these types, show len() instead of data:
         seq_types = [types.DictType,types.ListType,types.TupleType]
 
         # for numpy/Numeric arrays, display summary info
         try:
             import numpy
         except ImportError:
             ndarray_type = None
         else:
             ndarray_type = numpy.ndarray.__name__
         try:
             import Numeric
         except ImportError:
             array_type = None
         else:
             array_type = Numeric.ArrayType.__name__
 
         # Find all variable names and types so we can figure out column sizes
         def get_vars(i):
             return self.shell.user_ns[i]
         
         # some types are well known and can be shorter
         abbrevs = {'IPython.core.macro.Macro' : 'Macro'}
         def type_name(v):
             tn = type(v).__name__
             return abbrevs.get(tn,tn)
             
         varlist = map(get_vars,varnames)
 
         typelist = []
         for vv in varlist:
             tt = type_name(vv)
 
             if tt=='instance':
                 typelist.append( abbrevs.get(str(vv.__class__),
                                              str(vv.__class__)))
             else:
                 typelist.append(tt)
 
         # column labels and # of spaces as separator
         varlabel = 'Variable'
         typelabel = 'Type'
         datalabel = 'Data/Info'
         colsep = 3
         # variable format strings
         vformat    = "$vname.ljust(varwidth)$vtype.ljust(typewidth)"
         vfmt_short = '$vstr[:25]<...>$vstr[-25:]'
         aformat    = "%s: %s elems, type `%s`, %s bytes"
         # find the size of the columns to format the output nicely
         varwidth = max(max(map(len,varnames)), len(varlabel)) + colsep
         typewidth = max(max(map(len,typelist)), len(typelabel)) + colsep
         # table header
         print varlabel.ljust(varwidth) + typelabel.ljust(typewidth) + \
               ' '+datalabel+'\n' + '-'*(varwidth+typewidth+len(datalabel)+1)
         # and the table itself
         kb = 1024
         Mb = 1048576  # kb**2
         for vname,var,vtype in zip(varnames,varlist,typelist):
             print itpl(vformat),
             if vtype in seq_types:
                 print len(var)
             elif vtype in [array_type,ndarray_type]:
                 vshape = str(var.shape).replace(',','').replace(' ','x')[1:-1]
                 if vtype==ndarray_type:
                     # numpy
                     vsize  = var.size
                     vbytes = vsize*var.itemsize
                     vdtype = var.dtype
                 else:
                     # Numeric
                     vsize  = Numeric.size(var)
                     vbytes = vsize*var.itemsize()
                     vdtype = var.typecode()
                     
                 if vbytes < 100000:
                     print aformat % (vshape,vsize,vdtype,vbytes)
                 else:
                     print aformat % (vshape,vsize,vdtype,vbytes),
                     if vbytes < Mb:
                         print '(%s kb)' % (vbytes/kb,)
                     else:
                         print '(%s Mb)' % (vbytes/Mb,)
             else:
                 try:
                     vstr = str(var)
                 except UnicodeEncodeError:
                     vstr = unicode(var).encode(sys.getdefaultencoding(),
                                                'backslashreplace')
                 vstr = vstr.replace('\n','\\n')
                 if len(vstr) < 50:
                     print vstr
                 else:
                     printpl(vfmt_short)
                 
     def magic_reset(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Resets the namespace by removing all names defined by the user.
 
         Input/Output history are left around in case you need them.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
           -y : force reset without asking for confirmation.
 
         Examples
         --------
         In [6]: a = 1
 
         In [7]: a
         Out[7]: 1
 
         In [8]: 'a' in _ip.user_ns
         Out[8]: True
 
         In [9]: %reset -f
 
         In [10]: 'a' in _ip.user_ns
         Out[10]: False
         """
 
         if parameter_s == '-f':
             ans = True
         else:
             ans = self.shell.ask_yes_no(
                 "Once deleted, variables cannot be recovered. Proceed (y/[n])? ")
         if not ans:
             print 'Nothing done.'
             return
         user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
         for i in self.magic_who_ls():
             del(user_ns[i])
             
         # Also flush the private list of module references kept for script
         # execution protection
         self.shell.clear_main_mod_cache()
 
     def magic_reset_selective(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Resets the namespace by removing names defined by the user.
 
         Input/Output history are left around in case you need them.
 
         %reset_selective [-f] regex
 
         No action is taken if regex is not included
         
         Options
           -f : force reset without asking for confirmation.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         We first fully reset the namespace so your output looks identical to
         this example for pedagogical reasons; in practice you do not need a
         full reset.
         
         In [1]: %reset -f
 
         Now, with a clean namespace we can make a few variables and use
         %reset_selective to only delete names that match our regexp:
 
         In [2]: a=1; b=2; c=3; b1m=4; b2m=5; b3m=6; b4m=7; b2s=8
 
         In [3]: who_ls
         Out[3]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2m', 'b2s', 'b3m', 'b4m', 'c']
 
         In [4]: %reset_selective -f b[2-3]m
 
         In [5]: who_ls
         Out[5]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2s', 'b4m', 'c']
 
         In [6]: %reset_selective -f d
 
         In [7]: who_ls
         Out[7]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2s', 'b4m', 'c']
 
         In [8]: %reset_selective -f c
 
         In [9]: who_ls
         Out[9]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2s', 'b4m']
 
         In [10]: %reset_selective -f b
 
         In [11]: who_ls
         Out[11]: ['a']
         """
         
         opts, regex = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'f')
         
         if opts.has_key('f'):
             ans = True
         else:
             ans = self.shell.ask_yes_no(
                 "Once deleted, variables cannot be recovered. Proceed (y/[n])? ")
         if not ans:
             print 'Nothing done.'
             return
         user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
         if not regex:
             print 'No regex pattern specified. Nothing done.'
             return
         else:
             try:
                 m = re.compile(regex)
             except TypeError:
                 raise TypeError('regex must be a string or compiled pattern')
             for i in self.magic_who_ls():
                 if m.search(i): 
                     del(user_ns[i])        
         
     def magic_logstart(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Start logging anywhere in a session.
 
         %logstart [-o|-r|-t] [log_name [log_mode]]
 
         If no name is given, it defaults to a file named 'ipython_log.py' in your
         current directory, in 'rotate' mode (see below).
 
         '%logstart name' saves to file 'name' in 'backup' mode.  It saves your
         history up to that point and then continues logging.
 
         %logstart takes a second optional parameter: logging mode. This can be one
         of (note that the modes are given unquoted):\\
           append: well, that says it.\\
           backup: rename (if exists) to name~ and start name.\\
           global: single logfile in your home dir, appended to.\\
           over  : overwrite existing log.\\
           rotate: create rotating logs name.1~, name.2~, etc.
 
         Options:
 
           -o: log also IPython's output.  In this mode, all commands which
           generate an Out[NN] prompt are recorded to the logfile, right after
           their corresponding input line.  The output lines are always
           prepended with a '#[Out]# ' marker, so that the log remains valid
           Python code.
 
           Since this marker is always the same, filtering only the output from
           a log is very easy, using for example a simple awk call:
 
             awk -F'#\\[Out\\]# ' '{if($2) {print $2}}' ipython_log.py
 
           -r: log 'raw' input.  Normally, IPython's logs contain the processed
           input, so that user lines are logged in their final form, converted
           into valid Python.  For example, %Exit is logged as
           '_ip.magic("Exit").  If the -r flag is given, all input is logged
           exactly as typed, with no transformations applied.
 
           -t: put timestamps before each input line logged (these are put in
           comments)."""
         
         opts,par = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'ort')
         log_output = 'o' in opts
         log_raw_input = 'r' in opts
         timestamp = 't' in opts
 
         logger = self.shell.logger
 
         # if no args are given, the defaults set in the logger constructor by
         # ipytohn remain valid
         if par:
             try:
                 logfname,logmode = par.split()
             except:
                 logfname = par
                 logmode = 'backup'
         else:
             logfname = logger.logfname
             logmode = logger.logmode
         # put logfname into rc struct as if it had been called on the command
         # line, so it ends up saved in the log header Save it in case we need
         # to restore it...
         old_logfile = self.shell.logfile
         if logfname:
             logfname = os.path.expanduser(logfname)
         self.shell.logfile = logfname
 
         loghead = '# IPython log file\n\n'
         try:
             started  = logger.logstart(logfname,loghead,logmode,
                                        log_output,timestamp,log_raw_input)
         except:
             self.shell.logfile = old_logfile
             warn("Couldn't start log: %s" % sys.exc_info()[1])
         else:
             # log input history up to this point, optionally interleaving
             # output if requested
 
             if timestamp:
                 # disable timestamping for the previous history, since we've
                 # lost those already (no time machine here).
                 logger.timestamp = False
 
             if log_raw_input:
                 input_hist = self.shell.input_hist_raw
             else:
                 input_hist = self.shell.input_hist
                 
             if log_output:
                 log_write = logger.log_write
                 output_hist = self.shell.output_hist
                 for n in range(1,len(input_hist)-1):
                     log_write(input_hist[n].rstrip())
                     if n in output_hist:
                         log_write(repr(output_hist[n]),'output')
             else:
                 logger.log_write(input_hist[1:])
             if timestamp:
                 # re-enable timestamping
                 logger.timestamp = True
                 
             print ('Activating auto-logging. '
                    'Current session state plus future input saved.')
             logger.logstate()
 
     def magic_logstop(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Fully stop logging and close log file.
 
         In order to start logging again, a new %logstart call needs to be made,
         possibly (though not necessarily) with a new filename, mode and other
         options."""
         self.logger.logstop()
 
     def magic_logoff(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Temporarily stop logging.
 
         You must have previously started logging."""
         self.shell.logger.switch_log(0)
         
     def magic_logon(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Restart logging.
 
         This function is for restarting logging which you've temporarily
         stopped with %logoff. For starting logging for the first time, you
         must use the %logstart function, which allows you to specify an
         optional log filename."""
         
         self.shell.logger.switch_log(1)
     
     def magic_logstate(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Print the status of the logging system."""
 
         self.shell.logger.logstate()
         
     def magic_pdb(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Control the automatic calling of the pdb interactive debugger.
 
         Call as '%pdb on', '%pdb 1', '%pdb off' or '%pdb 0'. If called without
         argument it works as a toggle.
 
         When an exception is triggered, IPython can optionally call the
         interactive pdb debugger after the traceback printout. %pdb toggles
         this feature on and off.
 
         The initial state of this feature is set in your ipythonrc
         configuration file (the variable is called 'pdb').
 
         If you want to just activate the debugger AFTER an exception has fired,
         without having to type '%pdb on' and rerunning your code, you can use
         the %debug magic."""
 
         par = parameter_s.strip().lower()
 
         if par:
             try:
                 new_pdb = {'off':0,'0':0,'on':1,'1':1}[par]
             except KeyError:
                 print ('Incorrect argument. Use on/1, off/0, '
                        'or nothing for a toggle.')
                 return
         else:
             # toggle
             new_pdb = not self.shell.call_pdb
 
         # set on the shell
         self.shell.call_pdb = new_pdb
         print 'Automatic pdb calling has been turned',on_off(new_pdb)
 
     def magic_debug(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Activate the interactive debugger in post-mortem mode.
 
         If an exception has just occurred, this lets you inspect its stack
         frames interactively.  Note that this will always work only on the last
         traceback that occurred, so you must call this quickly after an
         exception that you wish to inspect has fired, because if another one
         occurs, it clobbers the previous one.
 
         If you want IPython to automatically do this on every exception, see
         the %pdb magic for more details.
         """
         self.shell.debugger(force=True)
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_prun(self, parameter_s ='',user_mode=1,
                    opts=None,arg_lst=None,prog_ns=None):
 
         """Run a statement through the python code profiler.
 
         Usage:
           %prun [options] statement
 
         The given statement (which doesn't require quote marks) is run via the
         python profiler in a manner similar to the profile.run() function.
         Namespaces are internally managed to work correctly; profile.run
         cannot be used in IPython because it makes certain assumptions about
         namespaces which do not hold under IPython.
 
         Options:
 
         -l <limit>: you can place restrictions on what or how much of the
         profile gets printed. The limit value can be:
 
           * A string: only information for function names containing this string
           is printed.
 
           * An integer: only these many lines are printed.
 
           * A float (between 0 and 1): this fraction of the report is printed
           (for example, use a limit of 0.4 to see the topmost 40% only).
 
         You can combine several limits with repeated use of the option. For
         example, '-l __init__ -l 5' will print only the topmost 5 lines of
         information about class constructors.
 
         -r: return the pstats.Stats object generated by the profiling. This
         object has all the information about the profile in it, and you can
         later use it for further analysis or in other functions.
 
        -s <key>: sort profile by given key. You can provide more than one key
         by using the option several times: '-s key1 -s key2 -s key3...'. The
         default sorting key is 'time'.
 
         The following is copied verbatim from the profile documentation
         referenced below:
 
         When more than one key is provided, additional keys are used as
         secondary criteria when the there is equality in all keys selected
         before them.
         
         Abbreviations can be used for any key names, as long as the
         abbreviation is unambiguous.  The following are the keys currently
         defined:
 
                 Valid Arg       Meaning
                   "calls"      call count
                   "cumulative" cumulative time
                   "file"       file name
                   "module"     file name
                   "pcalls"     primitive call count
                   "line"       line number
                   "name"       function name
                   "nfl"        name/file/line
                   "stdname"    standard name
                   "time"       internal time
 
         Note that all sorts on statistics are in descending order (placing
         most time consuming items first), where as name, file, and line number
         searches are in ascending order (i.e., alphabetical). The subtle
         distinction between "nfl" and "stdname" is that the standard name is a
         sort of the name as printed, which means that the embedded line
         numbers get compared in an odd way.  For example, lines 3, 20, and 40
         would (if the file names were the same) appear in the string order
         "20" "3" and "40".  In contrast, "nfl" does a numeric compare of the
         line numbers.  In fact, sort_stats("nfl") is the same as
         sort_stats("name", "file", "line").
 
         -T <filename>: save profile results as shown on screen to a text
         file. The profile is still shown on screen.
 
         -D <filename>: save (via dump_stats) profile statistics to given
         filename. This data is in a format understod by the pstats module, and
         is generated by a call to the dump_stats() method of profile
         objects. The profile is still shown on screen.
 
         If you want to run complete programs under the profiler's control, use
         '%run -p [prof_opts] filename.py [args to program]' where prof_opts
         contains profiler specific options as described here.
         
         You can read the complete documentation for the profile module with::
         
           In [1]: import profile; profile.help()
         """
 
         opts_def = Struct(D=[''],l=[],s=['time'],T=[''])
         # protect user quote marks
         parameter_s = parameter_s.replace('"',r'\"').replace("'",r"\'")
         
         if user_mode:  # regular user call
             opts,arg_str = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'D:l:rs:T:',
                                               list_all=1)
             namespace = self.shell.user_ns
         else:  # called to run a program by %run -p
             try:
                 filename = get_py_filename(arg_lst[0])
             except IOError,msg:
                 error(msg)
                 return
 
             arg_str = 'execfile(filename,prog_ns)'
             namespace = locals()
 
         opts.merge(opts_def)
         
         prof = profile.Profile()
         try:
             prof = prof.runctx(arg_str,namespace,namespace)
             sys_exit = ''
         except SystemExit:
             sys_exit = """*** SystemExit exception caught in code being profiled."""
 
         stats = pstats.Stats(prof).strip_dirs().sort_stats(*opts.s)
 
         lims = opts.l
         if lims:
             lims = []  # rebuild lims with ints/floats/strings
             for lim in opts.l:
                 try:
                     lims.append(int(lim))
                 except ValueError:
                     try:
                         lims.append(float(lim))
                     except ValueError:
                         lims.append(lim)
                     
         # Trap output.
         stdout_trap = StringIO()
 
         if hasattr(stats,'stream'):
             # In newer versions of python, the stats object has a 'stream'
             # attribute to write into.
             stats.stream = stdout_trap
             stats.print_stats(*lims)
         else:
             # For older versions, we manually redirect stdout during printing
             sys_stdout = sys.stdout
             try:
                 sys.stdout = stdout_trap
                 stats.print_stats(*lims)
             finally:
                 sys.stdout = sys_stdout
                 
         output = stdout_trap.getvalue()
         output = output.rstrip()
 
         page(output,screen_lines=self.shell.usable_screen_length)
         print sys_exit,
 
         dump_file = opts.D[0]
         text_file = opts.T[0]
         if dump_file:
             prof.dump_stats(dump_file)
             print '\n*** Profile stats marshalled to file',\
                   `dump_file`+'.',sys_exit
         if text_file:
             pfile = file(text_file,'w')
             pfile.write(output)
             pfile.close()
             print '\n*** Profile printout saved to text file',\
                   `text_file`+'.',sys_exit
 
         if opts.has_key('r'):
             return stats
         else:
             return None
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_run(self, parameter_s ='',runner=None,
                   file_finder=get_py_filename):
         """Run the named file inside IPython as a program.
 
         Usage:\\
           %run [-n -i -t [-N<N>] -d [-b<N>] -p [profile options]] file [args]
         
         Parameters after the filename are passed as command-line arguments to
         the program (put in sys.argv). Then, control returns to IPython's
         prompt.
 
         This is similar to running at a system prompt:\\
           $ python file args\\
         but with the advantage of giving you IPython's tracebacks, and of
         loading all variables into your interactive namespace for further use
         (unless -p is used, see below).
 
         The file is executed in a namespace initially consisting only of
         __name__=='__main__' and sys.argv constructed as indicated. It thus
         sees its environment as if it were being run as a stand-alone program
         (except for sharing global objects such as previously imported
         modules). But after execution, the IPython interactive namespace gets
         updated with all variables defined in the program (except for __name__
         and sys.argv). This allows for very convenient loading of code for
         interactive work, while giving each program a 'clean sheet' to run in.
 
         Options:
         
         -n: __name__ is NOT set to '__main__', but to the running file's name
         without extension (as python does under import).  This allows running
         scripts and reloading the definitions in them without calling code
         protected by an ' if __name__ == "__main__" ' clause.
 
         -i: run the file in IPython's namespace instead of an empty one. This
         is useful if you are experimenting with code written in a text editor
         which depends on variables defined interactively.
 
         -e: ignore sys.exit() calls or SystemExit exceptions in the script
         being run.  This is particularly useful if IPython is being used to
         run unittests, which always exit with a sys.exit() call.  In such
         cases you are interested in the output of the test results, not in
         seeing a traceback of the unittest module.
 
         -t: print timing information at the end of the run.  IPython will give
         you an estimated CPU time consumption for your script, which under
         Unix uses the resource module to avoid the wraparound problems of
         time.clock().  Under Unix, an estimate of time spent on system tasks
         is also given (for Windows platforms this is reported as 0.0).
 
         If -t is given, an additional -N<N> option can be given, where <N>
         must be an integer indicating how many times you want the script to
         run.  The final timing report will include total and per run results.
 
         For example (testing the script uniq_stable.py):
 
             In [1]: run -t uniq_stable
 
             IPython CPU timings (estimated):\\
               User  :    0.19597 s.\\
               System:        0.0 s.\\
 
             In [2]: run -t -N5 uniq_stable
 
             IPython CPU timings (estimated):\\
             Total runs performed: 5\\
               Times :      Total       Per run\\
               User  :   0.910862 s,  0.1821724 s.\\
               System:        0.0 s,        0.0 s.
 
         -d: run your program under the control of pdb, the Python debugger.
         This allows you to execute your program step by step, watch variables,
         etc.  Internally, what IPython does is similar to calling:
         
           pdb.run('execfile("YOURFILENAME")')
 
         with a breakpoint set on line 1 of your file.  You can change the line
         number for this automatic breakpoint to be <N> by using the -bN option
         (where N must be an integer).  For example:
 
           %run -d -b40 myscript
 
         will set the first breakpoint at line 40 in myscript.py.  Note that
         the first breakpoint must be set on a line which actually does
         something (not a comment or docstring) for it to stop execution.
 
         When the pdb debugger starts, you will see a (Pdb) prompt.  You must
         first enter 'c' (without qoutes) to start execution up to the first
         breakpoint.
 
         Entering 'help' gives information about the use of the debugger.  You
         can easily see pdb's full documentation with "import pdb;pdb.help()"
         at a prompt.
 
         -p: run program under the control of the Python profiler module (which
         prints a detailed report of execution times, function calls, etc).
 
         You can pass other options after -p which affect the behavior of the
         profiler itself. See the docs for %prun for details.
 
         In this mode, the program's variables do NOT propagate back to the
         IPython interactive namespace (because they remain in the namespace
         where the profiler executes them).
 
         Internally this triggers a call to %prun, see its documentation for
         details on the options available specifically for profiling.
 
         There is one special usage for which the text above doesn't apply:
         if the filename ends with .ipy, the file is run as ipython script,
         just as if the commands were written on IPython prompt.
         """
 
         # get arguments and set sys.argv for program to be run.
         opts,arg_lst = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'nidtN:b:pD:l:rs:T:e',
                                           mode='list',list_all=1)
 
         try:
             filename = file_finder(arg_lst[0])
         except IndexError:
             warn('you must provide at least a filename.')
             print '\n%run:\n',oinspect.getdoc(self.magic_run)
             return
         except IOError,msg:
             error(msg)
             return
 
         if filename.lower().endswith('.ipy'):
             self.shell.safe_execfile_ipy(filename)
             return
         
         # Control the response to exit() calls made by the script being run
         exit_ignore = opts.has_key('e')
         
         # Make sure that the running script gets a proper sys.argv as if it
         # were run from a system shell.
         save_argv = sys.argv # save it for later restoring
         sys.argv = [filename]+ arg_lst[1:]  # put in the proper filename
 
         if opts.has_key('i'):
             # Run in user's interactive namespace
             prog_ns = self.shell.user_ns
             __name__save = self.shell.user_ns['__name__']
             prog_ns['__name__'] = '__main__'
             main_mod = self.shell.new_main_mod(prog_ns)
         else:
             # Run in a fresh, empty namespace
             if opts.has_key('n'):
                 name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))[0]
             else:
                 name = '__main__'
 
             main_mod = self.shell.new_main_mod()
             prog_ns = main_mod.__dict__
             prog_ns['__name__'] = name
 
         # Since '%run foo' emulates 'python foo.py' at the cmd line, we must
         # set the __file__ global in the script's namespace
         prog_ns['__file__'] = filename
 
         # pickle fix.  See iplib for an explanation.  But we need to make sure
         # that, if we overwrite __main__, we replace it at the end
         main_mod_name = prog_ns['__name__']
 
         if main_mod_name == '__main__':
             restore_main = sys.modules['__main__']
         else:
             restore_main = False
 
         # This needs to be undone at the end to prevent holding references to
         # every single object ever created.
         sys.modules[main_mod_name] = main_mod
         
         stats = None
         try:
             self.shell.savehist()
 
             if opts.has_key('p'):
                 stats = self.magic_prun('',0,opts,arg_lst,prog_ns)
             else:
                 if opts.has_key('d'):
                     deb = debugger.Pdb(self.shell.colors)
                     # reset Breakpoint state, which is moronically kept
                     # in a class
                     bdb.Breakpoint.next = 1
                     bdb.Breakpoint.bplist = {}
                     bdb.Breakpoint.bpbynumber = [None]
                     # Set an initial breakpoint to stop execution
                     maxtries = 10
                     bp = int(opts.get('b',[1])[0])
                     checkline = deb.checkline(filename,bp)
                     if not checkline:
                         for bp in range(bp+1,bp+maxtries+1):
                             if deb.checkline(filename,bp):
                                 break
                         else:
                             msg = ("\nI failed to find a valid line to set "
                                    "a breakpoint\n"
                                    "after trying up to line: %s.\n"
                                    "Please set a valid breakpoint manually "
                                    "with the -b option." % bp)
                             error(msg)
                             return
                     # if we find a good linenumber, set the breakpoint
                     deb.do_break('%s:%s' % (filename,bp))
                     # Start file run
                     print "NOTE: Enter 'c' at the",
                     print "%s prompt to start your script." % deb.prompt
                     try:
                         deb.run('execfile("%s")' % filename,prog_ns)
                         
                     except:
                         etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
                         # Skip three frames in the traceback: the %run one,
                         # one inside bdb.py, and the command-line typed by the
                         # user (run by exec in pdb itself).
                         self.shell.InteractiveTB(etype,value,tb,tb_offset=3)
                 else:
                     if runner is None:
                         runner = self.shell.safe_execfile
                     if opts.has_key('t'):
                         # timed execution
                         try:
                             nruns = int(opts['N'][0])
                             if nruns < 1:
                                 error('Number of runs must be >=1')
                                 return
                         except (KeyError):
                             nruns = 1
                         if nruns == 1:
                             t0 = clock2()
                             runner(filename,prog_ns,prog_ns,
                                    exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
                             t1 = clock2()
                             t_usr = t1[0]-t0[0]
                             t_sys = t1[1]-t0[1]
                             print "\nIPython CPU timings (estimated):"
                             print "  User  : %10s s." % t_usr
                             print "  System: %10s s." % t_sys
                         else:
                             runs = range(nruns)
                             t0 = clock2()
                             for nr in runs:
                                 runner(filename,prog_ns,prog_ns,
                                        exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
                             t1 = clock2()
                             t_usr = t1[0]-t0[0]
                             t_sys = t1[1]-t0[1]
                             print "\nIPython CPU timings (estimated):"
                             print "Total runs performed:",nruns
                             print "  Times : %10s    %10s" % ('Total','Per run')
                             print "  User  : %10s s, %10s s." % (t_usr,t_usr/nruns)
                             print "  System: %10s s, %10s s." % (t_sys,t_sys/nruns)
                             
                     else:
                         # regular execution
                         runner(filename,prog_ns,prog_ns,exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
 
                 if opts.has_key('i'):
                     self.shell.user_ns['__name__'] = __name__save
                 else:
                     # The shell MUST hold a reference to prog_ns so after %run
                     # exits, the python deletion mechanism doesn't zero it out
                     # (leaving dangling references).
                     self.shell.cache_main_mod(prog_ns,filename)
                     # update IPython interactive namespace
 
                     # Some forms of read errors on the file may mean the
                     # __name__ key was never set; using pop we don't have to
                     # worry about a possible KeyError.
                     prog_ns.pop('__name__', None)
 
                     self.shell.user_ns.update(prog_ns)
         finally:
             # It's a bit of a mystery why, but __builtins__ can change from
             # being a module to becoming a dict missing some key data after
             # %run.  As best I can see, this is NOT something IPython is doing
             # at all, and similar problems have been reported before:
             # http://coding.derkeiler.com/Archive/Python/comp.lang.python/2004-10/0188.html
             # Since this seems to be done by the interpreter itself, the best
             # we can do is to at least restore __builtins__ for the user on
             # exit.
             self.shell.user_ns['__builtins__'] = __builtin__
             
             # Ensure key global structures are restored
             sys.argv = save_argv
             if restore_main:
                 sys.modules['__main__'] = restore_main
             else:
                 # Remove from sys.modules the reference to main_mod we'd
                 # added.  Otherwise it will trap references to objects
                 # contained therein.
                 del sys.modules[main_mod_name]
 
             self.shell.reloadhist()
                 
         return stats
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_timeit(self, parameter_s =''):
         """Time execution of a Python statement or expression
 
         Usage:\\
           %timeit [-n<N> -r<R> [-t|-c]] statement
 
         Time execution of a Python statement or expression using the timeit
         module.
 
         Options:
         -n<N>: execute the given statement <N> times in a loop. If this value
         is not given, a fitting value is chosen. 
         
         -r<R>: repeat the loop iteration <R> times and take the best result.
         Default: 3
         
         -t: use time.time to measure the time, which is the default on Unix.
         This function measures wall time.
         
         -c: use time.clock to measure the time, which is the default on
         Windows and measures wall time. On Unix, resource.getrusage is used
         instead and returns the CPU user time.
 
         -p<P>: use a precision of <P> digits to display the timing result.
         Default: 3
 
         
         Examples:
 
           In [1]: %timeit pass
           10000000 loops, best of 3: 53.3 ns per loop
 
           In [2]: u = None
 
           In [3]: %timeit u is None
           10000000 loops, best of 3: 184 ns per loop
 
           In [4]: %timeit -r 4 u == None
           1000000 loops, best of 4: 242 ns per loop
 
           In [5]: import time
 
           In [6]: %timeit -n1 time.sleep(2)
           1 loops, best of 3: 2 s per loop
           
 
         The times reported by %timeit will be slightly higher than those
         reported by the timeit.py script when variables are accessed. This is
         due to the fact that %timeit executes the statement in the namespace
         of the shell, compared with timeit.py, which uses a single setup
         statement to import function or create variables. Generally, the bias
         does not matter as long as results from timeit.py are not mixed with
         those from %timeit."""
 
         import timeit
         import math
 
         # XXX: Unfortunately the unicode 'micro' symbol can cause problems in
         # certain terminals.  Until we figure out a robust way of
         # auto-detecting if the terminal can deal with it, use plain 'us' for
         # microseconds.  I am really NOT happy about disabling the proper
         # 'micro' prefix, but crashing is worse... If anyone knows what the
         # right solution for this is, I'm all ears...
         #
         # Note: using
         #
         # s = u'\xb5'
         # s.encode(sys.getdefaultencoding())
         #
         # is not sufficient, as I've seen terminals where that fails but
         # print s
         #
         # succeeds
         #
         # See bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ipython/+bug/348466
         
         #units = [u"s", u"ms",u'\xb5',"ns"]
         units = [u"s", u"ms",u'us',"ns"]
         
         scaling = [1, 1e3, 1e6, 1e9]
 
         opts, stmt = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'n:r:tcp:',
                                         posix=False)
         if stmt == "":
             return
         timefunc = timeit.default_timer
         number = int(getattr(opts, "n", 0))
         repeat = int(getattr(opts, "r", timeit.default_repeat))
         precision = int(getattr(opts, "p", 3))
         if hasattr(opts, "t"):
             timefunc = time.time
         if hasattr(opts, "c"):
             timefunc = clock
 
         timer = timeit.Timer(timer=timefunc)
         # this code has tight coupling to the inner workings of timeit.Timer,
         # but is there a better way to achieve that the code stmt has access
         # to the shell namespace?
 
         src = timeit.template % {'stmt': timeit.reindent(stmt, 8),
                                  'setup': "pass"}
         # Track compilation time so it can be reported if too long
         # Minimum time above which compilation time will be reported
         tc_min = 0.1
         
         t0 = clock()
         code = compile(src, "<magic-timeit>", "exec")
         tc = clock()-t0
         
         ns = {}
         exec code in self.shell.user_ns, ns
         timer.inner = ns["inner"]
         
         if number == 0:
             # determine number so that 0.2 <= total time < 2.0
             number = 1
             for i in range(1, 10):
                 if timer.timeit(number) >= 0.2:
                     break
                 number *= 10
         
         best = min(timer.repeat(repeat, number)) / number
 
         if best > 0.0 and best < 1000.0:
             order = min(-int(math.floor(math.log10(best)) // 3), 3)
         elif best >= 1000.0:
             order = 0
         else:
             order = 3
         print u"%d loops, best of %d: %.*g %s per loop" % (number, repeat,
                                                           precision,
                                                           best * scaling[order],
                                                           units[order])
         if tc > tc_min:
             print "Compiler time: %.2f s" % tc
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_time(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Time execution of a Python statement or expression.
 
         The CPU and wall clock times are printed, and the value of the
         expression (if any) is returned.  Note that under Win32, system time
         is always reported as 0, since it can not be measured.
 
         This function provides very basic timing functionality.  In Python
         2.3, the timeit module offers more control and sophistication, so this
         could be rewritten to use it (patches welcome).
         
         Some examples:
 
           In [1]: time 2**128
           CPU times: user 0.00 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 0.00 s
           Wall time: 0.00
           Out[1]: 340282366920938463463374607431768211456L
 
           In [2]: n = 1000000
 
           In [3]: time sum(range(n))
           CPU times: user 1.20 s, sys: 0.05 s, total: 1.25 s
           Wall time: 1.37
           Out[3]: 499999500000L
 
           In [4]: time print 'hello world'
           hello world
           CPU times: user 0.00 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 0.00 s
           Wall time: 0.00
 
           Note that the time needed by Python to compile the given expression
           will be reported if it is more than 0.1s.  In this example, the
           actual exponentiation is done by Python at compilation time, so while
           the expression can take a noticeable amount of time to compute, that
           time is purely due to the compilation:
 
           In [5]: time 3**9999;
           CPU times: user 0.00 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 0.00 s
           Wall time: 0.00 s
 
           In [6]: time 3**999999;
           CPU times: user 0.00 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 0.00 s
           Wall time: 0.00 s
           Compiler : 0.78 s
           """
         
         # fail immediately if the given expression can't be compiled
         
         expr = self.shell.prefilter(parameter_s,False)
 
         # Minimum time above which compilation time will be reported
         tc_min = 0.1
         
         try:
             mode = 'eval'
             t0 = clock()
             code = compile(expr,'<timed eval>',mode)
             tc = clock()-t0
         except SyntaxError:
             mode = 'exec'
             t0 = clock()
             code = compile(expr,'<timed exec>',mode)
             tc = clock()-t0
         # skew measurement as little as possible
         glob = self.shell.user_ns
         clk = clock2
         wtime = time.time
         # time execution
         wall_st = wtime()
         if mode=='eval':
             st = clk()
             out = eval(code,glob)
             end = clk()
         else:
             st = clk()
             exec code in glob
             end = clk()
             out = None
         wall_end = wtime()
         # Compute actual times and report
         wall_time = wall_end-wall_st
         cpu_user = end[0]-st[0]
         cpu_sys = end[1]-st[1]
         cpu_tot = cpu_user+cpu_sys
         print "CPU times: user %.2f s, sys: %.2f s, total: %.2f s" % \
               (cpu_user,cpu_sys,cpu_tot)
         print "Wall time: %.2f s" % wall_time
         if tc > tc_min:
             print "Compiler : %.2f s" % tc
         return out
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_macro(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Define a set of input lines as a macro for future re-execution.
 
         Usage:\\
           %macro [options] name n1-n2 n3-n4 ... n5 .. n6 ...
 
         Options:
         
           -r: use 'raw' input.  By default, the 'processed' history is used,
           so that magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid
           Python.  If this option is given, the raw input as typed as the
           command line is used instead.
 
         This will define a global variable called `name` which is a string
         made of joining the slices and lines you specify (n1,n2,... numbers
         above) from your input history into a single string. This variable
         acts like an automatic function which re-executes those lines as if
         you had typed them. You just type 'name' at the prompt and the code
         executes.
 
         The notation for indicating number ranges is: n1-n2 means 'use line
         numbers n1,...n2' (the endpoint is included).  That is, '5-7' means
         using the lines numbered 5,6 and 7.
 
         Note: as a 'hidden' feature, you can also use traditional python slice
         notation, where N:M means numbers N through M-1.
 
         For example, if your history contains (%hist prints it):
         
           44: x=1
           45: y=3
           46: z=x+y
           47: print x
           48: a=5
           49: print 'x',x,'y',y
 
         you can create a macro with lines 44 through 47 (included) and line 49
         called my_macro with:
 
           In [55]: %macro my_macro 44-47 49
 
         Now, typing `my_macro` (without quotes) will re-execute all this code
         in one pass.
 
         You don't need to give the line-numbers in order, and any given line
         number can appear multiple times. You can assemble macros with any
         lines from your input history in any order.
 
         The macro is a simple object which holds its value in an attribute,
         but IPython's display system checks for macros and executes them as
         code instead of printing them when you type their name.
 
         You can view a macro's contents by explicitly printing it with:
         
           'print macro_name'.
 
         For one-off cases which DON'T contain magic function calls in them you
         can obtain similar results by explicitly executing slices from your
         input history with:
 
           In [60]: exec In[44:48]+In[49]"""
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'r',mode='list')
         if not args:
             macs = [k for k,v in self.shell.user_ns.items() if isinstance(v, Macro)]
             macs.sort()
             return macs
         if len(args) == 1:
             raise UsageError(
                 "%macro insufficient args; usage '%macro name n1-n2 n3-4...")
         name,ranges = args[0], args[1:]
         
         #print 'rng',ranges  # dbg
         lines = self.extract_input_slices(ranges,opts.has_key('r'))
         macro = Macro(lines)
         self.shell.define_macro(name, macro)
         print 'Macro `%s` created. To execute, type its name (without quotes).' % name
         print 'Macro contents:'
         print macro,
 
     def magic_save(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Save a set of lines to a given filename.
 
         Usage:\\
           %save [options] filename n1-n2 n3-n4 ... n5 .. n6 ...
 
         Options:
         
           -r: use 'raw' input.  By default, the 'processed' history is used,
           so that magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid
           Python.  If this option is given, the raw input as typed as the
           command line is used instead.
 
         This function uses the same syntax as %macro for line extraction, but
         instead of creating a macro it saves the resulting string to the
         filename you specify.
 
         It adds a '.py' extension to the file if you don't do so yourself, and
         it asks for confirmation before overwriting existing files."""
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'r',mode='list')
         fname,ranges = args[0], args[1:]
         if not fname.endswith('.py'):
             fname += '.py'
         if os.path.isfile(fname):
             ans = raw_input('File `%s` exists. Overwrite (y/[N])? ' % fname)
             if ans.lower() not in ['y','yes']:
                 print 'Operation cancelled.'
                 return
         cmds = ''.join(self.extract_input_slices(ranges,opts.has_key('r')))
         f = file(fname,'w')
         f.write(cmds)
         f.close()
         print 'The following commands were written to file `%s`:' % fname
         print cmds
 
     def _edit_macro(self,mname,macro):
         """open an editor with the macro data in a file"""
         filename = self.shell.mktempfile(macro.value)
         self.shell.hooks.editor(filename)
 
         # and make a new macro object, to replace the old one
         mfile = open(filename)
         mvalue = mfile.read()
         mfile.close()
         self.shell.user_ns[mname] = Macro(mvalue)
 
     def magic_ed(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Alias to %edit."""
         return self.magic_edit(parameter_s)
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_edit(self,parameter_s='',last_call=['','']):
         """Bring up an editor and execute the resulting code.
 
         Usage:
           %edit [options] [args]
 
         %edit runs IPython's editor hook.  The default version of this hook is
         set to call the __IPYTHON__.rc.editor command.  This is read from your
         environment variable $EDITOR.  If this isn't found, it will default to
         vi under Linux/Unix and to notepad under Windows.  See the end of this
         docstring for how to change the editor hook.
 
         You can also set the value of this editor via the command line option
         '-editor' or in your ipythonrc file. This is useful if you wish to use
         specifically for IPython an editor different from your typical default
         (and for Windows users who typically don't set environment variables).
 
         This command allows you to conveniently edit multi-line code right in
         your IPython session.
         
         If called without arguments, %edit opens up an empty editor with a
         temporary file and will execute the contents of this file when you
         close it (don't forget to save it!).
 
 
         Options:
 
         -n <number>: open the editor at a specified line number.  By default,
         the IPython editor hook uses the unix syntax 'editor +N filename', but
         you can configure this by providing your own modified hook if your
         favorite editor supports line-number specifications with a different
         syntax.
         
         -p: this will call the editor with the same data as the previous time
         it was used, regardless of how long ago (in your current session) it
         was.
 
         -r: use 'raw' input.  This option only applies to input taken from the
         user's history.  By default, the 'processed' history is used, so that
         magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid Python.  If
         this option is given, the raw input as typed as the command line is
         used instead.  When you exit the editor, it will be executed by
         IPython's own processor.
         
         -x: do not execute the edited code immediately upon exit. This is
         mainly useful if you are editing programs which need to be called with
         command line arguments, which you can then do using %run.
 
 
         Arguments:
 
         If arguments are given, the following possibilites exist:
 
         - The arguments are numbers or pairs of colon-separated numbers (like
         1 4:8 9). These are interpreted as lines of previous input to be
         loaded into the editor. The syntax is the same of the %macro command.
 
         - If the argument doesn't start with a number, it is evaluated as a
         variable and its contents loaded into the editor. You can thus edit
         any string which contains python code (including the result of
         previous edits).
 
         - If the argument is the name of an object (other than a string),
         IPython will try to locate the file where it was defined and open the
         editor at the point where it is defined. You can use `%edit function`
         to load an editor exactly at the point where 'function' is defined,
         edit it and have the file be executed automatically.
 
         If the object is a macro (see %macro for details), this opens up your
         specified editor with a temporary file containing the macro's data.
         Upon exit, the macro is reloaded with the contents of the file.
 
         Note: opening at an exact line is only supported under Unix, and some
         editors (like kedit and gedit up to Gnome 2.8) do not understand the
         '+NUMBER' parameter necessary for this feature. Good editors like
         (X)Emacs, vi, jed, pico and joe all do.
 
         - If the argument is not found as a variable, IPython will look for a
         file with that name (adding .py if necessary) and load it into the
         editor. It will execute its contents with execfile() when you exit,
         loading any code in the file into your interactive namespace.
 
         After executing your code, %edit will return as output the code you
         typed in the editor (except when it was an existing file). This way
         you can reload the code in further invocations of %edit as a variable,
         via _<NUMBER> or Out[<NUMBER>], where <NUMBER> is the prompt number of
         the output.
 
         Note that %edit is also available through the alias %ed.
 
         This is an example of creating a simple function inside the editor and
         then modifying it. First, start up the editor:
 
         In [1]: ed
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         Out[1]: 'def foo():n    print "foo() was defined in an editing session"n'
 
         We can then call the function foo():
         
         In [2]: foo()
         foo() was defined in an editing session
 
         Now we edit foo.  IPython automatically loads the editor with the
         (temporary) file where foo() was previously defined:
         
         In [3]: ed foo
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
 
         And if we call foo() again we get the modified version:
         
         In [4]: foo()
         foo() has now been changed!
 
         Here is an example of how to edit a code snippet successive
         times. First we call the editor:
 
         In [5]: ed
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         hello
         Out[5]: "print 'hello'n"
 
         Now we call it again with the previous output (stored in _):
 
         In [6]: ed _
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         hello world
         Out[6]: "print 'hello world'n"
 
         Now we call it with the output #8 (stored in _8, also as Out[8]):
 
         In [7]: ed _8
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         hello again
         Out[7]: "print 'hello again'n"
 
 
         Changing the default editor hook:
 
         If you wish to write your own editor hook, you can put it in a
         configuration file which you load at startup time.  The default hook
         is defined in the IPython.core.hooks module, and you can use that as a
         starting example for further modifications.  That file also has
         general instructions on how to set a new hook for use once you've
         defined it."""
         
         # FIXME: This function has become a convoluted mess.  It needs a
         # ground-up rewrite with clean, simple logic.
 
         def make_filename(arg):
             "Make a filename from the given args"
             try:
                 filename = get_py_filename(arg)
             except IOError:
                 if args.endswith('.py'):
                     filename = arg
                 else:
                     filename = None
             return filename
 
         # custom exceptions
         class DataIsObject(Exception): pass
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'prxn:')
         # Set a few locals from the options for convenience:
         opts_p = opts.has_key('p')
         opts_r = opts.has_key('r')
         
         # Default line number value
         lineno = opts.get('n',None)
 
         if opts_p:
             args = '_%s' % last_call[0]
             if not self.shell.user_ns.has_key(args):
                 args = last_call[1]
             
         # use last_call to remember the state of the previous call, but don't
         # let it be clobbered by successive '-p' calls.
         try:
             last_call[0] = self.shell.outputcache.prompt_count
             if not opts_p:
                 last_call[1] = parameter_s
         except:
             pass
 
         # by default this is done with temp files, except when the given
         # arg is a filename
         use_temp = 1
 
         if re.match(r'\d',args):
             # Mode where user specifies ranges of lines, like in %macro.
             # This means that you can't edit files whose names begin with
             # numbers this way. Tough.
             ranges = args.split()
             data = ''.join(self.extract_input_slices(ranges,opts_r))
         elif args.endswith('.py'):
             filename = make_filename(args)
             data = ''
             use_temp = 0
         elif args:
             try:
                 # Load the parameter given as a variable. If not a string,
                 # process it as an object instead (below)
 
                 #print '*** args',args,'type',type(args)  # dbg
                 data = eval(args,self.shell.user_ns)
                 if not type(data) in StringTypes:
                     raise DataIsObject
 
             except (NameError,SyntaxError):
                 # given argument is not a variable, try as a filename
                 filename = make_filename(args)
                 if filename is None:
                     warn("Argument given (%s) can't be found as a variable "
                          "or as a filename." % args)
                     return
 
                 data = ''
                 use_temp = 0
             except DataIsObject:
 
                 # macros have a special edit function
                 if isinstance(data,Macro):
                     self._edit_macro(args,data)
                     return
                                 
                 # For objects, try to edit the file where they are defined
                 try:
                     filename = inspect.getabsfile(data)
                     if 'fakemodule' in filename.lower() and inspect.isclass(data):                     
                         # class created by %edit? Try to find source
                         # by looking for method definitions instead, the
                         # __module__ in those classes is FakeModule.
                         attrs = [getattr(data, aname) for aname in dir(data)]
                         for attr in attrs:
                             if not inspect.ismethod(attr):
                                 continue
                             filename = inspect.getabsfile(attr)
                             if filename and 'fakemodule' not in filename.lower():
                                 # change the attribute to be the edit target instead
                                 data = attr 
                                 break
                     
                     datafile = 1
                 except TypeError:
                     filename = make_filename(args)
                     datafile = 1
                     warn('Could not find file where `%s` is defined.\n'
                          'Opening a file named `%s`' % (args,filename))
                 # Now, make sure we can actually read the source (if it was in
                 # a temp file it's gone by now).
                 if datafile:
                     try:
                         if lineno is None:
                             lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(data)[1]
                     except IOError:
                         filename = make_filename(args)
                         if filename is None:
                             warn('The file `%s` where `%s` was defined cannot '
                                  'be read.' % (filename,data))
                             return
                 use_temp = 0
         else:
             data = ''
 
         if use_temp:
             filename = self.shell.mktempfile(data)
             print 'IPython will make a temporary file named:',filename
 
         # do actual editing here
         print 'Editing...',
         sys.stdout.flush()
         try:
             # Quote filenames that may have spaces in them
             if ' ' in filename:
                 filename = "%s" % filename
             self.shell.hooks.editor(filename,lineno)
         except TryNext:
             warn('Could not open editor')
             return
         
         # XXX TODO: should this be generalized for all string vars?
         # For now, this is special-cased to blocks created by cpaste
         if args.strip() == 'pasted_block':
             self.shell.user_ns['pasted_block'] = file_read(filename)
         
         if opts.has_key('x'):  # -x prevents actual execution
             print
         else:
             print 'done. Executing edited code...'
             if opts_r:
                 self.shell.runlines(file_read(filename))
             else:
                 self.shell.safe_execfile(filename,self.shell.user_ns,
                                          self.shell.user_ns)
         
                                                      
         if use_temp:
             try:
                 return open(filename).read()
             except IOError,msg:
                 if msg.filename == filename:
                     warn('File not found. Did you forget to save?')
                     return
                 else:
                     self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def magic_xmode(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Switch modes for the exception handlers.
 
         Valid modes: Plain, Context and Verbose.
 
         If called without arguments, acts as a toggle."""
 
         def xmode_switch_err(name):
             warn('Error changing %s exception modes.\n%s' %
                  (name,sys.exc_info()[1]))
 
         shell = self.shell
         new_mode = parameter_s.strip().capitalize()
         try:
             shell.InteractiveTB.set_mode(mode=new_mode)
             print 'Exception reporting mode:',shell.InteractiveTB.mode
         except:
             xmode_switch_err('user')
 
         # threaded shells use a special handler in sys.excepthook
         if shell.isthreaded:
             try:
                 shell.sys_excepthook.set_mode(mode=new_mode)
             except:
                 xmode_switch_err('threaded')
             
     def magic_colors(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Switch color scheme for prompts, info system and exception handlers.
 
         Currently implemented schemes: NoColor, Linux, LightBG.
 
         Color scheme names are not case-sensitive."""
 
         def color_switch_err(name):
             warn('Error changing %s color schemes.\n%s' %
                  (name,sys.exc_info()[1]))
             
         
         new_scheme = parameter_s.strip()
         if not new_scheme:
             raise UsageError(
                 "%colors: you must specify a color scheme. See '%colors?'")
             return
         # local shortcut
         shell = self.shell
 
         import IPython.utils.rlineimpl as readline
 
         if not readline.have_readline and sys.platform == "win32":
             msg = """\
 Proper color support under MS Windows requires the pyreadline library.
 You can find it at:
 http://ipython.scipy.org/moin/PyReadline/Intro
 Gary's readline needs the ctypes module, from:
 http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/ctypes
 (Note that ctypes is already part of Python versions 2.5 and newer).
 
 Defaulting color scheme to 'NoColor'"""
             new_scheme = 'NoColor'
             warn(msg)
         
         # readline option is 0
         if not shell.has_readline:
             new_scheme = 'NoColor'
             
         # Set prompt colors
         try:
             shell.outputcache.set_colors(new_scheme)
         except:
             color_switch_err('prompt')
         else:
             shell.colors = \
                        shell.outputcache.color_table.active_scheme_name
         # Set exception colors
         try:
             shell.InteractiveTB.set_colors(scheme = new_scheme)
             shell.SyntaxTB.set_colors(scheme = new_scheme)
         except:
             color_switch_err('exception')
 
         # threaded shells use a verbose traceback in sys.excepthook
         if shell.isthreaded:
             try:
                 shell.sys_excepthook.set_colors(scheme=new_scheme)
             except:
                 color_switch_err('system exception handler')
         
         # Set info (for 'object?') colors
         if shell.color_info:
             try:
                 shell.inspector.set_active_scheme(new_scheme)
             except:
                 color_switch_err('object inspector')
         else:
             shell.inspector.set_active_scheme('NoColor')
                 
     def magic_color_info(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Toggle color_info.
 
         The color_info configuration parameter controls whether colors are
         used for displaying object details (by things like %psource, %pfile or
         the '?' system). This function toggles this value with each call.
 
         Note that unless you have a fairly recent pager (less works better
         than more) in your system, using colored object information displays
         will not work properly. Test it and see."""
         
         self.shell.color_info = not self.shell.color_info
         self.magic_colors(self.shell.colors)
         print 'Object introspection functions have now coloring:',
         print ['OFF','ON'][int(self.shell.color_info)]
 
     def magic_Pprint(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Toggle pretty printing on/off."""
         
         self.shell.pprint = 1 - self.shell.pprint
         print 'Pretty printing has been turned', \
               ['OFF','ON'][self.shell.pprint]
                 
     def magic_Exit(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Exit IPython without confirmation."""
 
         self.shell.ask_exit()
 
     # Add aliases as magics so all common forms work: exit, quit, Exit, Quit.
     magic_exit = magic_quit = magic_Quit = magic_Exit
 
     #......................................................................
     # Functions to implement unix shell-type things
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_alias(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Define an alias for a system command.
 
         '%alias alias_name cmd' defines 'alias_name' as an alias for 'cmd'
 
         Then, typing 'alias_name params' will execute the system command 'cmd
         params' (from your underlying operating system).
 
         Aliases have lower precedence than magic functions and Python normal
         variables, so if 'foo' is both a Python variable and an alias, the
         alias can not be executed until 'del foo' removes the Python variable.
 
         You can use the %l specifier in an alias definition to represent the
         whole line when the alias is called.  For example:
 
           In [2]: alias all echo "Input in brackets: <%l>"
           In [3]: all hello world
           Input in brackets: <hello world>
 
         You can also define aliases with parameters using %s specifiers (one
         per parameter):
         
           In [1]: alias parts echo first %s second %s
           In [2]: %parts A B
           first A second B
           In [3]: %parts A
           Incorrect number of arguments: 2 expected.
           parts is an alias to: 'echo first %s second %s'
 
         Note that %l and %s are mutually exclusive.  You can only use one or
         the other in your aliases.
 
         Aliases expand Python variables just like system calls using ! or !! 
         do: all expressions prefixed with '$' get expanded.  For details of
         the semantic rules, see PEP-215:
         http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0215.html.  This is the library used by
         IPython for variable expansion.  If you want to access a true shell
         variable, an extra $ is necessary to prevent its expansion by IPython:
 
         In [6]: alias show echo
         In [7]: PATH='A Python string'
         In [8]: show $PATH
         A Python string
         In [9]: show $$PATH
         /usr/local/lf9560/bin:/usr/local/intel/compiler70/ia32/bin:...
 
         You can use the alias facility to acess all of $PATH.  See the %rehash
         and %rehashx functions, which automatically create aliases for the
         contents of your $PATH.
 
         If called with no parameters, %alias prints the current alias table."""
 
         par = parameter_s.strip()
         if not par:
             stored = self.db.get('stored_aliases', {} )
             aliases = sorted(self.shell.alias_manager.aliases)
             # for k, v in stored:
             #     atab.append(k, v[0])
 
             print "Total number of aliases:", len(aliases)
             return aliases
         
         # Now try to define a new one
         try:
             alias,cmd = par.split(None, 1)
         except:
             print oinspect.getdoc(self.magic_alias)
         else:
             self.shell.alias_manager.soft_define_alias(alias, cmd)
     # end magic_alias
 
     def magic_unalias(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Remove an alias"""
 
         aname = parameter_s.strip()
         self.shell.alias_manager.undefine_alias(aname)
         stored = self.db.get('stored_aliases', {} )
         if aname in stored:
             print "Removing %stored alias",aname
             del stored[aname]
             self.db['stored_aliases'] = stored
             
 
     def magic_rehashx(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Update the alias table with all executable files in $PATH.
 
         This version explicitly checks that every entry in $PATH is a file
         with execute access (os.X_OK), so it is much slower than %rehash.
 
         Under Windows, it checks executability as a match agains a
         '|'-separated string of extensions, stored in the IPython config
         variable win_exec_ext.  This defaults to 'exe|com|bat'.
         
         This function also resets the root module cache of module completer,
         used on slow filesystems.
         """
         from IPython.core.alias import InvalidAliasError
 
         # for the benefit of module completer in ipy_completers.py
         del self.db['rootmodules']
         
         path = [os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(p)) for p in 
             os.environ.get('PATH','').split(os.pathsep)]
         path = filter(os.path.isdir,path)
 
         syscmdlist = []
         # Now define isexec in a cross platform manner.
         if os.name == 'posix':
             isexec = lambda fname:os.path.isfile(fname) and \
                      os.access(fname,os.X_OK)
         else:
             try:
                 winext = os.environ['pathext'].replace(';','|').replace('.','')
             except KeyError:
                 winext = 'exe|com|bat|py'
             if 'py' not in winext:
                 winext += '|py'
             execre = re.compile(r'(.*)\.(%s)$' % winext,re.IGNORECASE)
             isexec = lambda fname:os.path.isfile(fname) and execre.match(fname)
         savedir = os.getcwd()
 
         # Now walk the paths looking for executables to alias.
         try:
             # write the whole loop for posix/Windows so we don't have an if in
             # the innermost part
             if os.name == 'posix':
                 for pdir in path:
                     os.chdir(pdir)
                     for ff in os.listdir(pdir):
                         if isexec(ff):
                             try:
                                 # Removes dots from the name since ipython
                                 # will assume names with dots to be python.
                                 self.shell.alias_manager.define_alias(
                                     ff.replace('.',''), ff)
                             except InvalidAliasError:
                                 pass
                             else:
                                 syscmdlist.append(ff)
             else:
                 no_alias = self.shell.alias_manager.no_alias
                 for pdir in path:
                     os.chdir(pdir)
                     for ff in os.listdir(pdir):
                         base, ext = os.path.splitext(ff)
                         if isexec(ff) and base.lower() not in no_alias:
                             if ext.lower() == '.exe':
                                 ff = base
                                 try:
                                     # Removes dots from the name since ipython
                                     # will assume names with dots to be python.
                                     self.shell.alias_manager.define_alias(
                                         base.lower().replace('.',''), ff)
                                 except InvalidAliasError:
                                     pass
                                 syscmdlist.append(ff)
             db = self.db
             db['syscmdlist'] = syscmdlist
         finally:
             os.chdir(savedir)
         
     def magic_pwd(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Return the current working directory path."""
         return os.getcwd()
 
     def magic_cd(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Change the current working directory.
 
         This command automatically maintains an internal list of directories
         you visit during your IPython session, in the variable _dh. The
         command %dhist shows this history nicely formatted. You can also
         do 'cd -<tab>' to see directory history conveniently.
 
         Usage:
 
           cd 'dir': changes to directory 'dir'.
 
           cd -: changes to the last visited directory.
 
           cd -<n>: changes to the n-th directory in the directory history.
 
           cd --foo: change to directory that matches 'foo' in history
             
           cd -b <bookmark_name>: jump to a bookmark set by %bookmark
              (note: cd <bookmark_name> is enough if there is no
               directory <bookmark_name>, but a bookmark with the name exists.)
               'cd -b <tab>' allows you to tab-complete bookmark names. 
 
         Options:
 
         -q: quiet.  Do not print the working directory after the cd command is
         executed.  By default IPython's cd command does print this directory,
         since the default prompts do not display path information.
         
         Note that !cd doesn't work for this purpose because the shell where
         !command runs is immediately discarded after executing 'command'."""
 
         parameter_s = parameter_s.strip()
         #bkms = self.shell.persist.get("bookmarks",{})
 
         oldcwd = os.getcwd()
         numcd = re.match(r'(-)(\d+)$',parameter_s)
         # jump in directory history by number
         if numcd:
             nn = int(numcd.group(2))
             try:
                 ps = self.shell.user_ns['_dh'][nn]
             except IndexError:
                 print 'The requested directory does not exist in history.'
                 return
             else:
                 opts = {}
         elif parameter_s.startswith('--'):
             ps = None
             fallback = None
             pat = parameter_s[2:]
             dh = self.shell.user_ns['_dh']
             # first search only by basename (last component)
             for ent in reversed(dh):
                 if pat in os.path.basename(ent) and os.path.isdir(ent):
                     ps = ent
                     break
             
                 if fallback is None and pat in ent and os.path.isdir(ent):
                     fallback = ent
                 
             # if we have no last part match, pick the first full path match
             if ps is None:
                 ps = fallback
             
             if ps is None:
                 print "No matching entry in directory history"
                 return
             else:
                 opts = {}
                 
             
         else:
             #turn all non-space-escaping backslashes to slashes, 
             # for c:\windows\directory\names\
             parameter_s = re.sub(r'\\(?! )','/', parameter_s)            
             opts,ps = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'qb',mode='string')
         # jump to previous
         if ps == '-':
             try:
                 ps = self.shell.user_ns['_dh'][-2]
             except IndexError:
                 raise UsageError('%cd -: No previous directory to change to.')
         # jump to bookmark if needed
         else:
             if not os.path.isdir(ps) or opts.has_key('b'):
                 bkms = self.db.get('bookmarks', {})
             
                 if bkms.has_key(ps):
                     target = bkms[ps]
                     print '(bookmark:%s) -> %s' % (ps,target)
                     ps = target
                 else:
                     if opts.has_key('b'):
                         raise UsageError("Bookmark '%s' not found.  "
                               "Use '%%bookmark -l' to see your bookmarks." % ps)
             
         # at this point ps should point to the target dir
         if ps:
             try:                
                 os.chdir(os.path.expanduser(ps))
                 if self.shell.term_title:
                     set_term_title('IPython: ' + abbrev_cwd())
             except OSError:
                 print sys.exc_info()[1]
             else:
                 cwd = os.getcwd()
                 dhist = self.shell.user_ns['_dh']
                 if oldcwd != cwd:
                     dhist.append(cwd)
                     self.db['dhist'] = compress_dhist(dhist)[-100:]
                 
         else:
             os.chdir(self.shell.home_dir)
             if self.shell.term_title:
                 set_term_title('IPython: ' + '~')
             cwd = os.getcwd()
             dhist = self.shell.user_ns['_dh']
             
             if oldcwd != cwd:
                 dhist.append(cwd)
                 self.db['dhist'] = compress_dhist(dhist)[-100:]
         if not 'q' in opts and self.shell.user_ns['_dh']:
             print self.shell.user_ns['_dh'][-1]
 
 
     def magic_env(self, parameter_s=''):
         """List environment variables."""
         
         return os.environ.data
 
     def magic_pushd(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Place the current dir on stack and change directory.
         
         Usage:\\
           %pushd ['dirname']
         """
         
         dir_s = self.shell.dir_stack
         tgt = os.path.expanduser(parameter_s)
         cwd = os.getcwd().replace(self.home_dir,'~')
         if tgt:
             self.magic_cd(parameter_s)
         dir_s.insert(0,cwd)
         return self.magic_dirs()
 
     def magic_popd(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Change to directory popped off the top of the stack.
         """
         if not self.shell.dir_stack:
             raise UsageError("%popd on empty stack")
         top = self.shell.dir_stack.pop(0)
         self.magic_cd(top)
         print "popd ->",top
 
     def magic_dirs(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Return the current directory stack."""
 
         return self.shell.dir_stack
 
     def magic_dhist(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print your history of visited directories.
 
         %dhist       -> print full history\\
         %dhist n     -> print last n entries only\\
         %dhist n1 n2 -> print entries between n1 and n2 (n1 not included)\\
 
         This history is automatically maintained by the %cd command, and
         always available as the global list variable _dh. You can use %cd -<n>
         to go to directory number <n>.
         
         Note that most of time, you should view directory history by entering
         cd -<TAB>.
         
         """
 
         dh = self.shell.user_ns['_dh']
         if parameter_s:
             try:
                 args = map(int,parameter_s.split())
             except:
                 self.arg_err(Magic.magic_dhist)
                 return
             if len(args) == 1:
                 ini,fin = max(len(dh)-(args[0]),0),len(dh)
             elif len(args) == 2:
                 ini,fin = args
             else:
                 self.arg_err(Magic.magic_dhist)
                 return
         else:
             ini,fin = 0,len(dh)
         nlprint(dh,
                 header = 'Directory history (kept in _dh)',
                 start=ini,stop=fin)
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_sc(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Shell capture - execute a shell command and capture its output.
 
         DEPRECATED. Suboptimal, retained for backwards compatibility.
         
         You should use the form 'var = !command' instead. Example:
          
          "%sc -l myfiles = ls ~" should now be written as
             
          "myfiles = !ls ~"
          
         myfiles.s, myfiles.l and myfiles.n still apply as documented
         below.
 
         --
         %sc [options] varname=command
 
         IPython will run the given command using commands.getoutput(), and
         will then update the user's interactive namespace with a variable
         called varname, containing the value of the call.  Your command can
         contain shell wildcards, pipes, etc.
 
         The '=' sign in the syntax is mandatory, and the variable name you
         supply must follow Python's standard conventions for valid names.
         
         (A special format without variable name exists for internal use)
 
         Options:
 
           -l: list output.  Split the output on newlines into a list before
           assigning it to the given variable.  By default the output is stored
           as a single string.
 
           -v: verbose.  Print the contents of the variable.
 
         In most cases you should not need to split as a list, because the
         returned value is a special type of string which can automatically
         provide its contents either as a list (split on newlines) or as a
         space-separated string.  These are convenient, respectively, either
         for sequential processing or to be passed to a shell command.
 
         For example:
 
         # all-random
         
             # Capture into variable a
             In [1]: sc a=ls *py
 
             # a is a string with embedded newlines
             In [2]: a
             Out[2]: 'setup.py\\nwin32_manual_post_install.py'
 
             # which can be seen as a list:
             In [3]: a.l
             Out[3]: ['setup.py', 'win32_manual_post_install.py']
 
             # or as a whitespace-separated string:
             In [4]: a.s
             Out[4]: 'setup.py win32_manual_post_install.py'
 
             # a.s is useful to pass as a single command line:
             In [5]: !wc -l $a.s
               146 setup.py
               130 win32_manual_post_install.py
               276 total
 
             # while the list form is useful to loop over:
             In [6]: for f in a.l:
               ...:      !wc -l $f
               ...:
             146 setup.py
             130 win32_manual_post_install.py
 
         Similiarly, the lists returned by the -l option are also special, in
         the sense that you can equally invoke the .s attribute on them to
         automatically get a whitespace-separated string from their contents:
 
             In [7]: sc -l b=ls *py
 
             In [8]: b
             Out[8]: ['setup.py', 'win32_manual_post_install.py']
 
             In [9]: b.s
             Out[9]: 'setup.py win32_manual_post_install.py'
 
         In summary, both the lists and strings used for ouptut capture have
         the following special attributes:
 
             .l (or .list) : value as list.
             .n (or .nlstr): value as newline-separated string.
             .s (or .spstr): value as space-separated string.
         """
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'lv')
         # Try to get a variable name and command to run
         try:
             # the variable name must be obtained from the parse_options
             # output, which uses shlex.split to strip options out.
             var,_ = args.split('=',1)
             var = var.strip()
             # But the the command has to be extracted from the original input
             # parameter_s, not on what parse_options returns, to avoid the
             # quote stripping which shlex.split performs on it.
             _,cmd = parameter_s.split('=',1)
         except ValueError:
             var,cmd = '',''
         # If all looks ok, proceed
         out,err = self.shell.getoutputerror(cmd)
         if err:
             print >> Term.cerr,err
         if opts.has_key('l'):
             out = SList(out.split('\n'))
         else:
             out = LSString(out)
         if opts.has_key('v'):
             print '%s ==\n%s' % (var,pformat(out))
         if var:
             self.shell.user_ns.update({var:out})
         else:
             return out
 
     def magic_sx(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Shell execute - run a shell command and capture its output.
 
         %sx command
 
         IPython will run the given command using commands.getoutput(), and
         return the result formatted as a list (split on '\\n').  Since the
         output is _returned_, it will be stored in ipython's regular output
         cache Out[N] and in the '_N' automatic variables.
 
         Notes:
 
         1) If an input line begins with '!!', then %sx is automatically
         invoked.  That is, while:
           !ls
         causes ipython to simply issue system('ls'), typing
           !!ls
         is a shorthand equivalent to:
           %sx ls
         
         2) %sx differs from %sc in that %sx automatically splits into a list,
         like '%sc -l'.  The reason for this is to make it as easy as possible
         to process line-oriented shell output via further python commands.
         %sc is meant to provide much finer control, but requires more
         typing.
 
         3) Just like %sc -l, this is a list with special attributes:
 
           .l (or .list) : value as list.
           .n (or .nlstr): value as newline-separated string.
           .s (or .spstr): value as whitespace-separated string.
 
         This is very useful when trying to use such lists as arguments to
         system commands."""
 
         if parameter_s:
             out,err = self.shell.getoutputerror(parameter_s)
             if err:
                 print >> Term.cerr,err
             return SList(out.split('\n'))
 
     def magic_bg(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Run a job in the background, in a separate thread.
 
         For example,
 
           %bg myfunc(x,y,z=1)
 
         will execute 'myfunc(x,y,z=1)' in a background thread.  As soon as the
         execution starts, a message will be printed indicating the job
         number.  If your job number is 5, you can use
 
           myvar = jobs.result(5)  or  myvar = jobs[5].result
 
         to assign this result to variable 'myvar'.
 
         IPython has a job manager, accessible via the 'jobs' object.  You can
         type jobs? to get more information about it, and use jobs.<TAB> to see
         its attributes.  All attributes not starting with an underscore are
         meant for public use.
 
         In particular, look at the jobs.new() method, which is used to create
         new jobs.  This magic %bg function is just a convenience wrapper
         around jobs.new(), for expression-based jobs.  If you want to create a
         new job with an explicit function object and arguments, you must call
         jobs.new() directly.
 
         The jobs.new docstring also describes in detail several important
         caveats associated with a thread-based model for background job
         execution.  Type jobs.new? for details.
 
         You can check the status of all jobs with jobs.status().
 
         The jobs variable is set by IPython into the Python builtin namespace.
         If you ever declare a variable named 'jobs', you will shadow this
         name.  You can either delete your global jobs variable to regain
         access to the job manager, or make a new name and assign it manually
         to the manager (stored in IPython's namespace).  For example, to
         assign the job manager to the Jobs name, use:
 
           Jobs = __builtins__.jobs"""
         
         self.shell.jobs.new(parameter_s,self.shell.user_ns)
         
     def magic_r(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Repeat previous input.
 
         Note: Consider using the more powerfull %rep instead!
         
         If given an argument, repeats the previous command which starts with
         the same string, otherwise it just repeats the previous input.
 
         Shell escaped commands (with ! as first character) are not recognized
         by this system, only pure python code and magic commands.
         """
 
         start = parameter_s.strip()
         esc_magic = ESC_MAGIC
         # Identify magic commands even if automagic is on (which means
         # the in-memory version is different from that typed by the user).
         if self.shell.automagic:
             start_magic = esc_magic+start
         else:
             start_magic = start
         # Look through the input history in reverse
         for n in range(len(self.shell.input_hist)-2,0,-1):
             input = self.shell.input_hist[n]
             # skip plain 'r' lines so we don't recurse to infinity
             if input != '_ip.magic("r")\n' and \
                    (input.startswith(start) or input.startswith(start_magic)):
                 #print 'match',`input`  # dbg
                 print 'Executing:',input,
                 self.shell.runlines(input)
                 return
         print 'No previous input matching `%s` found.' % start
 
     
     def magic_bookmark(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Manage IPython's bookmark system.
 
         %bookmark <name>       - set bookmark to current dir
         %bookmark <name> <dir> - set bookmark to <dir>
         %bookmark -l           - list all bookmarks
         %bookmark -d <name>    - remove bookmark
         %bookmark -r           - remove all bookmarks
 
         You can later on access a bookmarked folder with:
           %cd -b <name>
         or simply '%cd <name>' if there is no directory called <name> AND
         there is such a bookmark defined.
 
         Your bookmarks persist through IPython sessions, but they are
         associated with each profile."""
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'drl',mode='list')
         if len(args) > 2:
             raise UsageError("%bookmark: too many arguments")
 
         bkms = self.db.get('bookmarks',{})
             
         if opts.has_key('d'):
             try:
                 todel = args[0]
             except IndexError:
                 raise UsageError(
                     "%bookmark -d: must provide a bookmark to delete")
             else:
                 try:
                     del bkms[todel]
                 except KeyError:
                     raise UsageError(
                         "%%bookmark -d: Can't delete bookmark '%s'" % todel)
 
         elif opts.has_key('r'):
             bkms = {}
         elif opts.has_key('l'):
             bks = bkms.keys()
             bks.sort()
             if bks:
                 size = max(map(len,bks))
             else:
                 size = 0
             fmt = '%-'+str(size)+'s -> %s'
             print 'Current bookmarks:'
             for bk in bks:
                 print fmt % (bk,bkms[bk])
         else:
             if not args:
                 raise UsageError("%bookmark: You must specify the bookmark name")
             elif len(args)==1:
                 bkms[args[0]] = os.getcwd()
             elif len(args)==2:
                 bkms[args[0]] = args[1]
         self.db['bookmarks'] = bkms
 
     def magic_pycat(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Show a syntax-highlighted file through a pager.
 
         This magic is similar to the cat utility, but it will assume the file
         to be Python source and will show it with syntax highlighting. """
         
         try:
             filename = get_py_filename(parameter_s)
             cont = file_read(filename)
         except IOError:
             try:
                 cont = eval(parameter_s,self.user_ns)
             except NameError:
                 cont = None
         if cont is None:
             print "Error: no such file or variable"
             return
             
         page(self.shell.pycolorize(cont),
              screen_lines=self.shell.usable_screen_length)
 
     def _rerun_pasted(self):
         """ Rerun a previously pasted command.
         """
         b = self.user_ns.get('pasted_block', None)
         if b is None:
             raise UsageError('No previous pasted block available')
         print "Re-executing '%s...' (%d chars)"% (b.split('\n',1)[0], len(b))
         exec b in self.user_ns
 
     def _get_pasted_lines(self, sentinel):
         """ Yield pasted lines until the user enters the given sentinel value.
         """
         from IPython.core import iplib
         print "Pasting code; enter '%s' alone on the line to stop." % sentinel
         while True:
             l = iplib.raw_input_original(':')
             if l == sentinel:
                 return
             else:
                 yield l
 
     def _strip_pasted_lines_for_code(self, raw_lines):
         """ Strip non-code parts of a sequence of lines to return a block of
         code.
         """
         # Regular expressions that declare text we strip from the input:
         strip_re =  [r'^\s*In \[\d+\]:', # IPython input prompt
                      r'^\s*(\s?>)+', # Python input prompt
                      r'^\s*\.{3,}', # Continuation prompts
                      r'^\++',
                      ]
 
         strip_from_start = map(re.compile,strip_re)
         
         lines = []
         for l in raw_lines:
             for pat in strip_from_start: 
                 l = pat.sub('',l)
             lines.append(l)
                          
         block = "\n".join(lines) + '\n'
         #print "block:\n",block
         return block
 
     def _execute_block(self, block, par):
         """ Execute a block, or store it in a variable, per the user's request.
         """
         if not par:
             b = textwrap.dedent(block)
             self.user_ns['pasted_block'] = b
             exec b in self.user_ns
         else:
             self.user_ns[par] = SList(block.splitlines())
             print "Block assigned to '%s'" % par
 
     def magic_cpaste(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Allows you to paste & execute a pre-formatted code block from clipboard.
         
         You must terminate the block with '--' (two minus-signs) alone on the
         line. You can also provide your own sentinel with '%paste -s %%' ('%%' 
         is the new sentinel for this operation)
         
         The block is dedented prior to execution to enable execution of method
         definitions. '>' and '+' characters at the beginning of a line are
         ignored, to allow pasting directly from e-mails, diff files and
         doctests (the '...' continuation prompt is also stripped).  The
         executed block is also assigned to variable named 'pasted_block' for
         later editing with '%edit pasted_block'.
         
         You can also pass a variable name as an argument, e.g. '%cpaste foo'.
         This assigns the pasted block to variable 'foo' as string, without 
         dedenting or executing it (preceding >>> and + is still stripped)
         
         '%cpaste -r' re-executes the block previously entered by cpaste.
         
         Do not be alarmed by garbled output on Windows (it's a readline bug). 
         Just press enter and type -- (and press enter again) and the block 
         will be what was just pasted.
         
         IPython statements (magics, shell escapes) are not supported (yet).
 
         See also
         --------
         paste: automatically pull code from clipboard.
         """
         
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'rs:',mode='string')
         par = args.strip()
         if opts.has_key('r'):
             self._rerun_pasted()
             return
         
         sentinel = opts.get('s','--')
 
         block = self._strip_pasted_lines_for_code(
             self._get_pasted_lines(sentinel))
 
         self._execute_block(block, par)
 
     def magic_paste(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Allows you to paste & execute a pre-formatted code block from clipboard.
         
         The text is pulled directly from the clipboard without user
         intervention and printed back on the screen before execution (unless
         the -q flag is given to force quiet mode).
 
         The block is dedented prior to execution to enable execution of method
         definitions. '>' and '+' characters at the beginning of a line are
         ignored, to allow pasting directly from e-mails, diff files and
         doctests (the '...' continuation prompt is also stripped).  The
         executed block is also assigned to variable named 'pasted_block' for
         later editing with '%edit pasted_block'.
         
         You can also pass a variable name as an argument, e.g. '%paste foo'.
         This assigns the pasted block to variable 'foo' as string, without 
         dedenting or executing it (preceding >>> and + is still stripped)
 
         Options
         -------
         
           -r: re-executes the block previously entered by cpaste.
 
           -q: quiet mode: do not echo the pasted text back to the terminal.
         
         IPython statements (magics, shell escapes) are not supported (yet).
 
         See also
         --------
         cpaste: manually paste code into terminal until you mark its end.
         """
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'rq',mode='string')
         par = args.strip()
         if opts.has_key('r'):
             self._rerun_pasted()
             return
 
         text = self.shell.hooks.clipboard_get()
         block = self._strip_pasted_lines_for_code(text.splitlines())
 
         # By default, echo back to terminal unless quiet mode is requested
         if not opts.has_key('q'):
             write = self.shell.write
             write(self.shell.pycolorize(block))
             if not block.endswith('\n'):
                 write('\n')
             write("## -- End pasted text --\n")
             
         self._execute_block(block, par)
 
     def magic_quickref(self,arg):
         """ Show a quick reference sheet """
         import IPython.core.usage
         qr = IPython.core.usage.quick_reference + self.magic_magic('-brief')
         
         page(qr)
 
     def magic_doctest_mode(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Toggle doctest mode on and off.
 
         This mode allows you to toggle the prompt behavior between normal
         IPython prompts and ones that are as similar to the default IPython
         interpreter as possible.
 
         It also supports the pasting of code snippets that have leading '>>>'
         and '...' prompts in them.  This means that you can paste doctests from
         files or docstrings (even if they have leading whitespace), and the
         code will execute correctly.  You can then use '%history -tn' to see
         the translated history without line numbers; this will give you the
         input after removal of all the leading prompts and whitespace, which
         can be pasted back into an editor.
 
         With these features, you can switch into this mode easily whenever you
         need to do testing and changes to doctests, without having to leave
         your existing IPython session.
         """
 
         from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 
         # Shorthands
         shell = self.shell
         oc = shell.outputcache
         meta = shell.meta
         # dstore is a data store kept in the instance metadata bag to track any
         # changes we make, so we can undo them later.
         dstore = meta.setdefault('doctest_mode',Struct())
         save_dstore = dstore.setdefault
 
         # save a few values we'll need to recover later
         mode = save_dstore('mode',False)
         save_dstore('rc_pprint',shell.pprint)
         save_dstore('xmode',shell.InteractiveTB.mode)
         save_dstore('rc_separate_out',shell.separate_out)
         save_dstore('rc_separate_out2',shell.separate_out2)
         save_dstore('rc_prompts_pad_left',shell.prompts_pad_left)
         save_dstore('rc_separate_in',shell.separate_in)
 
         if mode == False:
             # turn on
             oc.prompt1.p_template = '>>> '
             oc.prompt2.p_template = '... '
             oc.prompt_out.p_template = ''
 
             # Prompt separators like plain python
             oc.input_sep = oc.prompt1.sep = ''
             oc.output_sep = ''
             oc.output_sep2 = ''
 
             oc.prompt1.pad_left = oc.prompt2.pad_left = \
                                   oc.prompt_out.pad_left = False
 
             shell.pprint = False
             
             shell.magic_xmode('Plain')
 
         else:
             # turn off
             oc.prompt1.p_template = shell.prompt_in1
             oc.prompt2.p_template = shell.prompt_in2
             oc.prompt_out.p_template = shell.prompt_out
 
             oc.input_sep = oc.prompt1.sep = dstore.rc_separate_in
 
             oc.output_sep = dstore.rc_separate_out
             oc.output_sep2 = dstore.rc_separate_out2
 
             oc.prompt1.pad_left = oc.prompt2.pad_left = \
                          oc.prompt_out.pad_left = dstore.rc_prompts_pad_left
 
             shell.pprint = dstore.rc_pprint
 
             shell.magic_xmode(dstore.xmode)
 
         # Store new mode and inform
         dstore.mode = bool(1-int(mode))
         print 'Doctest mode is:',
         print ['OFF','ON'][dstore.mode]
 
     def magic_gui(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Enable or disable IPython GUI event loop integration.
 
         %gui [-a] [GUINAME]
 
         This magic replaces IPython's threaded shells that were activated
         using the (pylab/wthread/etc.) command line flags.  GUI toolkits
         can now be enabled, disabled and swtiched at runtime and keyboard
         interrupts should work without any problems.  The following toolkits
         are supported:  wxPython, PyQt4, PyGTK, and Tk::
 
             %gui wx      # enable wxPython event loop integration
             %gui qt4|qt  # enable PyQt4 event loop integration
             %gui gtk     # enable PyGTK event loop integration
             %gui tk      # enable Tk event loop integration
             %gui         # disable all event loop integration
 
         WARNING:  after any of these has been called you can simply create
         an application object, but DO NOT start the event loop yourself, as
         we have already handled that.
 
         If you want us to create an appropriate application object add the
         "-a" flag to your command::
 
             %gui -a wx
 
         This is highly recommended for most users.
         """
         opts, arg = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'a')
         if arg=='': arg = None
         return enable_gui(arg, 'a' in opts)
 
     def magic_load_ext(self, module_str):
         """Load an IPython extension by its module name."""
-        return self.load_extension(module_str)
+        return self.extension_manager.load_extension(module_str)
 
     def magic_unload_ext(self, module_str):
         """Unload an IPython extension by its module name."""
-        self.unload_extension(module_str)
+        self.extension_manager.unload_extension(module_str)
 
     def magic_reload_ext(self, module_str):
         """Reload an IPython extension by its module name."""
-        self.reload_extension(module_str)
+        self.extension_manager.reload_extension(module_str)
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_install_profiles(self, s):
         """Install the default IPython profiles into the .ipython dir.
 
         If the default profiles have already been installed, they will not
         be overwritten. You can force overwriting them by using the ``-o``
         option::
 
             In [1]: %install_profiles -o
         """
         if '-o' in s:
             overwrite = True
         else:
             overwrite = False
         from IPython.config import profile
         profile_dir = os.path.split(profile.__file__)[0]
         ipython_dir = self.ipython_dir
         files = os.listdir(profile_dir)
 
         to_install = []
         for f in files:
             if f.startswith('ipython_config'):
                 src = os.path.join(profile_dir, f)
                 dst = os.path.join(ipython_dir, f)
                 if (not os.path.isfile(dst)) or overwrite:
                     to_install.append((f, src, dst))
         if len(to_install)>0:
             print "Installing profiles to: ", ipython_dir
             for (f, src, dst) in to_install:
                 shutil.copy(src, dst)
                 print "    %s" % f
 
     def magic_install_default_config(self, s):
         """Install IPython's default config file into the .ipython dir.
 
         If the default config file (:file:`ipython_config.py`) is already
         installed, it will not be overwritten. You can force overwriting
         by using the ``-o`` option::
 
             In [1]: %install_default_config
         """
         if '-o' in s:
             overwrite = True
         else:
             overwrite = False
         from IPython.config import default
         config_dir = os.path.split(default.__file__)[0]
         ipython_dir = self.ipython_dir
         default_config_file_name = 'ipython_config.py'
         src = os.path.join(config_dir, default_config_file_name)
         dst = os.path.join(ipython_dir, default_config_file_name)
         if (not os.path.isfile(dst)) or overwrite:
             shutil.copy(src, dst)
             print "Installing default config file: %s" % dst
 
     # Pylab support: simple wrappers that activate pylab, load gui input
     # handling and modify slightly %run
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def _pylab_magic_run(self, parameter_s=''):
         Magic.magic_run(self, parameter_s,
                         runner=mpl_runner(self.shell.safe_execfile))
 
     _pylab_magic_run.__doc__ = magic_run.__doc__
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_pylab(self, s):
         """Load numpy and matplotlib to work interactively.
 
         %pylab [GUINAME]
 
         This function lets you activate pylab (matplotlib, numpy and
         interactive support) at any point during an IPython session.
 
         It will import at the top level numpy as np, pyplot as plt, matplotlib,
         pylab and mlab, as well as all names from numpy and pylab.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         guiname : optional
           One of the valid arguments to the %gui magic ('qt', 'wx', 'gtk' or
           'tk').  If given, the corresponding Matplotlib backend is used,
           otherwise matplotlib's default (which you can override in your
           matplotlib config file) is used.
 
         Examples
         --------
         In this case, where the MPL default is TkAgg:
         In [2]: %pylab
 
         Welcome to pylab, a matplotlib-based Python environment.
         Backend in use: TkAgg
         For more information, type 'help(pylab)'.
 
         But you can explicitly request a different backend:
         In [3]: %pylab qt
 
         Welcome to pylab, a matplotlib-based Python environment.
         Backend in use: Qt4Agg
         For more information, type 'help(pylab)'.
         """
         self.shell.enable_pylab(s)
 
     def magic_tb(self, s):
         """Print the last traceback with the currently active exception mode.
 
         See %xmode for changing exception reporting modes."""
         self.shell.showtraceback()
 
 # end Magic

IPython/core/prefilter.py

@@ -1,1050 +1,1022 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 Prefiltering components.
 
 Prefilters transform user input before it is exec'd by Python.  These
 transforms are used to implement additional syntax such as !ls and %magic.
 
 Authors:
 
 * Brian Granger
 * Fernando Perez
 * Dan Milstein
 * Ville Vainio
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import __builtin__
 import codeop
 import re
 
 from IPython.core.alias import AliasManager
 from IPython.core.autocall import IPyAutocall
-from IPython.core.component import Component
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
 from IPython.core.splitinput import split_user_input
 from IPython.core.page import page
 
-from IPython.utils.traitlets import List, Int, Any, Str, CBool, Bool
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import List, Int, Any, Str, CBool, Bool, Instance
 from IPython.utils.io import Term
 from IPython.utils.text import make_quoted_expr
 from IPython.utils.autoattr import auto_attr
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Global utilities, errors and constants
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Warning, these cannot be changed unless various regular expressions
 # are updated in a number of places.  Not great, but at least we told you.
 ESC_SHELL  = '!'
 ESC_SH_CAP = '!!'
 ESC_HELP   = '?'
 ESC_MAGIC  = '%'
 ESC_QUOTE  = ','
 ESC_QUOTE2 = ';'
 ESC_PAREN  = '/'
 
 
 class PrefilterError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 # RegExp to identify potential function names
 re_fun_name = re.compile(r'[a-zA-Z_]([a-zA-Z0-9_.]*) *$')
 
 # RegExp to exclude strings with this start from autocalling.  In
 # particular, all binary operators should be excluded, so that if foo is
 # callable, foo OP bar doesn't become foo(OP bar), which is invalid.  The
 # characters '!=()' don't need to be checked for, as the checkPythonChars
 # routine explicitely does so, to catch direct calls and rebindings of
 # existing names.
 
 # Warning: the '-' HAS TO BE AT THE END of the first group, otherwise
 # it affects the rest of the group in square brackets.
 re_exclude_auto = re.compile(r'^[,&^\|\*/\+-]'
                              r'|^is |^not |^in |^and |^or ')
 
 # try to catch also methods for stuff in lists/tuples/dicts: off
 # (experimental). For this to work, the line_split regexp would need
 # to be modified so it wouldn't break things at '['. That line is
 # nasty enough that I shouldn't change it until I can test it _well_.
 #self.re_fun_name = re.compile (r'[a-zA-Z_]([a-zA-Z0-9_.\[\]]*) ?$')
 
 
 # Handler Check Utilities
 def is_shadowed(identifier, ip):
     """Is the given identifier defined in one of the namespaces which shadow
     the alias and magic namespaces?  Note that an identifier is different
     than ifun, because it can not contain a '.' character."""
     # This is much safer than calling ofind, which can change state
     return (identifier in ip.user_ns \
             or identifier in ip.internal_ns \
             or identifier in ip.ns_table['builtin'])
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # The LineInfo class used throughout
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class LineInfo(object):
     """A single line of input and associated info.
 
     Includes the following as properties: 
 
     line
       The original, raw line
     
     continue_prompt
       Is this line a continuation in a sequence of multiline input?
     
     pre
       The initial esc character or whitespace.
     
     pre_char
       The escape character(s) in pre or the empty string if there isn't one.
       Note that '!!' is a possible value for pre_char.  Otherwise it will
       always be a single character.
     
     pre_whitespace
       The leading whitespace from pre if it exists.  If there is a pre_char,
       this is just ''.
     
     ifun
       The 'function part', which is basically the maximal initial sequence
       of valid python identifiers and the '.' character.  This is what is
       checked for alias and magic transformations, used for auto-calling,
       etc.
     
     the_rest
       Everything else on the line.
     """
     def __init__(self, line, continue_prompt):
         self.line            = line
         self.continue_prompt = continue_prompt
         self.pre, self.ifun, self.the_rest = split_user_input(line)
 
         self.pre_char       = self.pre.strip()
         if self.pre_char:
             self.pre_whitespace = '' # No whitespace allowd before esc chars
         else: 
             self.pre_whitespace = self.pre
 
         self._oinfo = None
 
     def ofind(self, ip):
         """Do a full, attribute-walking lookup of the ifun in the various
         namespaces for the given IPython InteractiveShell instance.
 
         Return a dict with keys: found,obj,ospace,ismagic
 
         Note: can cause state changes because of calling getattr, but should
         only be run if autocall is on and if the line hasn't matched any
         other, less dangerous handlers.
 
         Does cache the results of the call, so can be called multiple times
         without worrying about *further* damaging state.
         """
         if not self._oinfo:
             # ip.shell._ofind is actually on the Magic class!
             self._oinfo = ip.shell._ofind(self.ifun)
         return self._oinfo
 
     def __str__(self):                                                         
         return "Lineinfo [%s|%s|%s]" %(self.pre, self.ifun, self.the_rest) 
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main Prefilter manager
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-class PrefilterManager(Component):
+class PrefilterManager(Configurable):
     """Main prefilter component.
 
     The IPython prefilter is run on all user input before it is run.  The
     prefilter consumes lines of input and produces transformed lines of 
     input.
 
     The iplementation consists of two phases:
 
     1. Transformers
     2. Checkers and handlers
 
     Over time, we plan on deprecating the checkers and handlers and doing
     everything in the transformers.
 
     The transformers are instances of :class:`PrefilterTransformer` and have
     a single method :meth:`transform` that takes a line and returns a
     transformed line.  The transformation can be accomplished using any
     tool, but our current ones use regular expressions for speed.  We also
     ship :mod:`pyparsing` in :mod:`IPython.external` for use in transformers.
 
     After all the transformers have been run, the line is fed to the checkers,
     which are instances of :class:`PrefilterChecker`.  The line is passed to
     the :meth:`check` method, which either returns `None` or a 
     :class:`PrefilterHandler` instance.  If `None` is returned, the other
     checkers are tried.  If an :class:`PrefilterHandler` instance is returned,
     the line is passed to the :meth:`handle` method of the returned
     handler and no further checkers are tried.
     
     Both transformers and checkers have a `priority` attribute, that determines
     the order in which they are called.  Smaller priorities are tried first.
 
     Both transformers and checkers also have `enabled` attribute, which is
     a boolean that determines if the instance is used.
 
     Users or developers can change the priority or enabled attribute of
     transformers or checkers, but they must call the :meth:`sort_checkers`
     or :meth:`sort_transformers` method after changing the priority.
     """
 
     multi_line_specials = CBool(True, config=True)
+    shell = Instance('IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShellABC')
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, config=None):
-        super(PrefilterManager, self).__init__(parent, config=config)
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, config=None):
+        super(PrefilterManager, self).__init__(shell=shell, config=config)
+        self.shell = shell
         self.init_transformers()
         self.init_handlers()
         self.init_checkers()
 
-    @auto_attr
-    def shell(self):
-        return Component.get_instances(
-            root=self.root,
-            klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell')[0]
-
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # API for managing transformers
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_transformers(self):
         """Create the default transformers."""
         self._transformers = []
         for transformer_cls in _default_transformers:
-            transformer_cls(self, config=self.config)
+            transformer_cls(
+                shell=self.shell, prefilter_manager=self, config=self.config
+            )
 
     def sort_transformers(self):
         """Sort the transformers by priority.
 
         This must be called after the priority of a transformer is changed.
         The :meth:`register_transformer` method calls this automatically.
         """
         self._transformers.sort(cmp=lambda x,y: x.priority-y.priority)
 
     @property
     def transformers(self):
         """Return a list of checkers, sorted by priority."""
         return self._transformers
 
     def register_transformer(self, transformer):
         """Register a transformer instance."""
         if transformer not in self._transformers:
             self._transformers.append(transformer)
             self.sort_transformers()
 
     def unregister_transformer(self, transformer):
         """Unregister a transformer instance."""
         if transformer in self._transformers:
             self._transformers.remove(transformer)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # API for managing checkers
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_checkers(self):
         """Create the default checkers."""
         self._checkers = []
         for checker in _default_checkers:
-            checker(self, config=self.config)
+            checker(
+                shell=self.shell, prefilter_manager=self, config=self.config
+            )
 
     def sort_checkers(self):
         """Sort the checkers by priority.
 
         This must be called after the priority of a checker is changed.
         The :meth:`register_checker` method calls this automatically.
         """
         self._checkers.sort(cmp=lambda x,y: x.priority-y.priority)
 
     @property
     def checkers(self):
         """Return a list of checkers, sorted by priority."""
         return self._checkers
 
     def register_checker(self, checker):
         """Register a checker instance."""
         if checker not in self._checkers:
             self._checkers.append(checker)
             self.sort_checkers()
 
     def unregister_checker(self, checker):
         """Unregister a checker instance."""
         if checker in self._checkers:
             self._checkers.remove(checker)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # API for managing checkers
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_handlers(self):
         """Create the default handlers."""
         self._handlers = {}
         self._esc_handlers = {}
         for handler in _default_handlers:
-            handler(self, config=self.config)
+            handler(
+                shell=self.shell, prefilter_manager=self, config=self.config
+            )
 
     @property
     def handlers(self):
         """Return a dict of all the handlers."""
         return self._handlers
 
     def register_handler(self, name, handler, esc_strings):
         """Register a handler instance by name with esc_strings."""
         self._handlers[name] = handler
         for esc_str in esc_strings:
             self._esc_handlers[esc_str] = handler
 
     def unregister_handler(self, name, handler, esc_strings):
         """Unregister a handler instance by name with esc_strings."""
         try:
             del self._handlers[name]
         except KeyError:
             pass
         for esc_str in esc_strings:
             h = self._esc_handlers.get(esc_str)
             if h is handler:
                 del self._esc_handlers[esc_str]
 
     def get_handler_by_name(self, name):
         """Get a handler by its name."""
         return self._handlers.get(name)
 
     def get_handler_by_esc(self, esc_str):
         """Get a handler by its escape string."""
         return self._esc_handlers.get(esc_str)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Main prefiltering API
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def prefilter_line_info(self, line_info):
         """Prefilter a line that has been converted to a LineInfo object.
 
         This implements the checker/handler part of the prefilter pipe.
         """
         # print "prefilter_line_info: ", line_info
         handler = self.find_handler(line_info)
         return handler.handle(line_info)
 
     def find_handler(self, line_info):
         """Find a handler for the line_info by trying checkers."""
         for checker in self.checkers:
             if checker.enabled:
                 handler = checker.check(line_info)
                 if handler:
                     return handler
         return self.get_handler_by_name('normal')
 
     def transform_line(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """Calls the enabled transformers in order of increasing priority."""
         for transformer in self.transformers:
             if transformer.enabled:
                 line = transformer.transform(line, continue_prompt)
         return line
 
     def prefilter_line(self, line, continue_prompt=False):
         """Prefilter a single input line as text.
 
         This method prefilters a single line of text by calling the
         transformers and then the checkers/handlers.
         """
 
         # print "prefilter_line: ", line, continue_prompt
         # All handlers *must* return a value, even if it's blank ('').
 
         # Lines are NOT logged here. Handlers should process the line as
         # needed, update the cache AND log it (so that the input cache array
         # stays synced).
 
         # save the line away in case we crash, so the post-mortem handler can
         # record it
         self.shell._last_input_line = line
 
         if not line:
             # Return immediately on purely empty lines, so that if the user
             # previously typed some whitespace that started a continuation
             # prompt, he can break out of that loop with just an empty line.
             # This is how the default python prompt works.
 
             # Only return if the accumulated input buffer was just whitespace!
             if ''.join(self.shell.buffer).isspace():
                 self.shell.buffer[:] = []
             return ''
 
         # At this point, we invoke our transformers.
         if not continue_prompt or (continue_prompt and self.multi_line_specials):
             line = self.transform_line(line, continue_prompt)
 
         # Now we compute line_info for the checkers and handlers
         line_info = LineInfo(line, continue_prompt)
         
         # the input history needs to track even empty lines
         stripped = line.strip()
 
         normal_handler = self.get_handler_by_name('normal')
         if not stripped:
             if not continue_prompt:
                 self.shell.outputcache.prompt_count -= 1
 
             return normal_handler.handle(line_info)
 
         # special handlers are only allowed for single line statements
         if continue_prompt and not self.multi_line_specials:
             return normal_handler.handle(line_info)
 
         prefiltered = self.prefilter_line_info(line_info)
         # print "prefiltered line: %r" % prefiltered
         return prefiltered
 
     def prefilter_lines(self, lines, continue_prompt=False):
         """Prefilter multiple input lines of text.
 
         This is the main entry point for prefiltering multiple lines of
         input.  This simply calls :meth:`prefilter_line` for each line of
         input.
 
         This covers cases where there are multiple lines in the user entry,
         which is the case when the user goes back to a multiline history
         entry and presses enter.
         """
         llines = lines.rstrip('\n').split('\n')
         # We can get multiple lines in one shot, where multiline input 'blends'
         # into one line, in cases like recalling from the readline history
         # buffer.  We need to make sure that in such cases, we correctly
         # communicate downstream which line is first and which are continuation
         # ones.
         if len(llines) > 1:
             out = '\n'.join([self.prefilter_line(line, lnum>0)
                              for lnum, line in enumerate(llines) ])
         else:
             out = self.prefilter_line(llines[0], continue_prompt)
             
         return out
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Prefilter transformers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-class PrefilterTransformer(Component):
+class PrefilterTransformer(Configurable):
     """Transform a line of user input."""
 
     priority = Int(100, config=True)
-    shell = Any
-    prefilter_manager = Any
+    # Transformers don't currently use shell or prefilter_manager, but as we
+    # move away from checkers and handlers, they will need them.
+    shell = Instance('IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShellABC')
+    prefilter_manager = Instance('IPython.core.prefilter.PrefilterManager')
     enabled = Bool(True, config=True)
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, config=None):
-        super(PrefilterTransformer, self).__init__(parent, config=config)
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, prefilter_manager=None, config=None):
+        super(PrefilterTransformer, self).__init__(
+            shell=shell, prefilter_manager=prefilter_manager, config=config
+        )
         self.prefilter_manager.register_transformer(self)
 
-    @auto_attr
-    def shell(self):
-        return Component.get_instances(
-            root=self.root,
-            klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell')[0]
-
-    @auto_attr
-    def prefilter_manager(self):
-        return PrefilterManager.get_instances(root=self.root)[0]
-
     def transform(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """Transform a line, returning the new one."""
         return None
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<%s(priority=%r, enabled=%r)>" % (
             self.__class__.__name__, self.priority, self.enabled)
 
 
 _assign_system_re = re.compile(r'(?P<lhs>(\s*)([\w\.]+)((\s*,\s*[\w\.]+)*))'
                                r'\s*=\s*!(?P<cmd>.*)')
 
 
 class AssignSystemTransformer(PrefilterTransformer):
     """Handle the `files = !ls` syntax."""
 
     priority = Int(100, config=True)
 
     def transform(self, line, continue_prompt):
         m = _assign_system_re.match(line)
         if m is not None:
             cmd = m.group('cmd')
             lhs = m.group('lhs')
             expr = make_quoted_expr("sc -l =%s" % cmd)
             new_line = '%s = get_ipython().magic(%s)' % (lhs, expr)
             return new_line
         return line
 
 
 _assign_magic_re = re.compile(r'(?P<lhs>(\s*)([\w\.]+)((\s*,\s*[\w\.]+)*))'
                                r'\s*=\s*%(?P<cmd>.*)')
 
 class AssignMagicTransformer(PrefilterTransformer):
     """Handle the `a = %who` syntax."""
 
     priority = Int(200, config=True)
 
     def transform(self, line, continue_prompt):
         m = _assign_magic_re.match(line)
         if m is not None:
             cmd = m.group('cmd')
             lhs = m.group('lhs')
             expr = make_quoted_expr(cmd)
             new_line = '%s = get_ipython().magic(%s)' % (lhs, expr)
             return new_line
         return line
 
 
 _classic_prompt_re = re.compile(r'(^[ \t]*>>> |^[ \t]*\.\.\. )')
 
 class PyPromptTransformer(PrefilterTransformer):
     """Handle inputs that start with '>>> ' syntax."""
 
     priority = Int(50, config=True)
 
     def transform(self, line, continue_prompt):
 
         if not line or line.isspace() or line.strip() == '...':
             # This allows us to recognize multiple input prompts separated by
             # blank lines and pasted in a single chunk, very common when
             # pasting doctests or long tutorial passages.
             return ''
         m = _classic_prompt_re.match(line)
         if m:
             return line[len(m.group(0)):]
         else:
             return line
 
 
 _ipy_prompt_re = re.compile(r'(^[ \t]*In \[\d+\]: |^[ \t]*\ \ \ \.\.\.+: )')
 
 class IPyPromptTransformer(PrefilterTransformer):
     """Handle inputs that start classic IPython prompt syntax."""
 
     priority = Int(50, config=True)
 
     def transform(self, line, continue_prompt):
 
         if not line or line.isspace() or line.strip() == '...':
             # This allows us to recognize multiple input prompts separated by
             # blank lines and pasted in a single chunk, very common when
             # pasting doctests or long tutorial passages.
             return ''
         m = _ipy_prompt_re.match(line)
         if m:
             return line[len(m.group(0)):]
         else:
             return line
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Prefilter checkers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-class PrefilterChecker(Component):
+class PrefilterChecker(Configurable):
     """Inspect an input line and return a handler for that line."""
 
     priority = Int(100, config=True)
-    shell = Any
-    prefilter_manager = Any
+    shell = Instance('IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShellABC')
+    prefilter_manager = Instance('IPython.core.prefilter.PrefilterManager')
     enabled = Bool(True, config=True)
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, config=None):
-        super(PrefilterChecker, self).__init__(parent, config=config)
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, prefilter_manager=None, config=None):
+        super(PrefilterChecker, self).__init__(
+            shell=shell, prefilter_manager=prefilter_manager, config=config
+        )
         self.prefilter_manager.register_checker(self)
 
-    @auto_attr
-    def shell(self):
-        return Component.get_instances(
-            root=self.root,
-            klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell')[0]
-
-    @auto_attr
-    def prefilter_manager(self):
-        return PrefilterManager.get_instances(root=self.root)[0]
-
     def check(self, line_info):
         """Inspect line_info and return a handler instance or None."""
         return None
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<%s(priority=%r, enabled=%r)>" % (
             self.__class__.__name__, self.priority, self.enabled)
 
 
 class EmacsChecker(PrefilterChecker):
 
     priority = Int(100, config=True)
     enabled = Bool(False, config=True)
 
     def check(self, line_info):
         "Emacs ipython-mode tags certain input lines."
         if line_info.line.endswith('# PYTHON-MODE'):
             return self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('emacs')
         else:
             return None
 
 
 class ShellEscapeChecker(PrefilterChecker):
 
     priority = Int(200, config=True)
 
     def check(self, line_info):
         if line_info.line.lstrip().startswith(ESC_SHELL):
             return self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('shell')
 
 
 class IPyAutocallChecker(PrefilterChecker):
 
     priority = Int(300, config=True)
 
     def check(self, line_info):
         "Instances of IPyAutocall in user_ns get autocalled immediately"
         obj = self.shell.user_ns.get(line_info.ifun, None)
         if isinstance(obj, IPyAutocall):
             obj.set_ip(self.shell)
             return self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('auto')
         else:
             return None
 
 
 class MultiLineMagicChecker(PrefilterChecker):
 
     priority = Int(400, config=True)
 
     def check(self, line_info):
         "Allow ! and !! in multi-line statements if multi_line_specials is on"
         # Note that this one of the only places we check the first character of
         # ifun and *not* the pre_char.  Also note that the below test matches
         # both ! and !!.    
         if line_info.continue_prompt \
             and self.prefilter_manager.multi_line_specials:
                 if line_info.ifun.startswith(ESC_MAGIC):
                     return self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('magic')
         else:
             return None
 
 
 class EscCharsChecker(PrefilterChecker):
 
     priority = Int(500, config=True)
 
     def check(self, line_info):
         """Check for escape character and return either a handler to handle it,
         or None if there is no escape char."""
         if line_info.line[-1] == ESC_HELP \
                and line_info.pre_char != ESC_SHELL \
                and line_info.pre_char != ESC_SH_CAP:
             # the ? can be at the end, but *not* for either kind of shell escape,
             # because a ? can be a vaild final char in a shell cmd
             return self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('help')
         else:
             # This returns None like it should if no handler exists
             return self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_esc(line_info.pre_char)
 
 
 class AssignmentChecker(PrefilterChecker):
 
     priority = Int(600, config=True)
 
     def check(self, line_info):
         """Check to see if user is assigning to a var for the first time, in
         which case we want to avoid any sort of automagic / autocall games.
     
         This allows users to assign to either alias or magic names true python
         variables (the magic/alias systems always take second seat to true
         python code).  E.g. ls='hi', or ls,that=1,2"""
         if line_info.the_rest:
             if line_info.the_rest[0] in '=,':
                 return self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('normal')
         else:
             return None
 
 
 class AutoMagicChecker(PrefilterChecker):
 
     priority = Int(700, config=True)
 
     def check(self, line_info):
         """If the ifun is magic, and automagic is on, run it.  Note: normal,
         non-auto magic would already have been triggered via '%' in
         check_esc_chars. This just checks for automagic.  Also, before
         triggering the magic handler, make sure that there is nothing in the
         user namespace which could shadow it."""
         if not self.shell.automagic or not hasattr(self.shell,'magic_'+line_info.ifun):
             return None
 
         # We have a likely magic method.  Make sure we should actually call it.
         if line_info.continue_prompt and not self.prefilter_manager.multi_line_specials:
             return None
 
         head = line_info.ifun.split('.',1)[0]
         if is_shadowed(head, self.shell):
             return None
 
         return self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('magic')
 
 
 class AliasChecker(PrefilterChecker):
 
     priority = Int(800, config=True)
 
-    @auto_attr
-    def alias_manager(self):
-        return AliasManager.get_instances(root=self.root)[0]
-
     def check(self, line_info):
         "Check if the initital identifier on the line is an alias."
         # Note: aliases can not contain '.'
         head = line_info.ifun.split('.',1)[0]
-        if line_info.ifun not in self.alias_manager \
-               or head not in self.alias_manager \
+        if line_info.ifun not in self.shell.alias_manager \
+               or head not in self.shell.alias_manager \
                or is_shadowed(head, self.shell):
             return None
 
         return self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('alias')
 
 
 class PythonOpsChecker(PrefilterChecker):
 
     priority = Int(900, config=True)
 
     def check(self, line_info):
         """If the 'rest' of the line begins with a function call or pretty much
         any python operator, we should simply execute the line (regardless of
         whether or not there's a possible autocall expansion).  This avoids
         spurious (and very confusing) geattr() accesses."""
         if line_info.the_rest and line_info.the_rest[0] in '!=()<>,+*/%^&|':
             return self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('normal')
         else:
             return None
 
 
 class AutocallChecker(PrefilterChecker):
 
     priority = Int(1000, config=True)
 
     def check(self, line_info):
         "Check if the initial word/function is callable and autocall is on."
         if not self.shell.autocall:
             return None
 
         oinfo = line_info.ofind(self.shell) # This can mutate state via getattr
         if not oinfo['found']:
             return None
         
         if callable(oinfo['obj']) \
                and (not re_exclude_auto.match(line_info.the_rest)) \
                and re_fun_name.match(line_info.ifun):
             return self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('auto')
         else:
             return None
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Prefilter handlers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-class PrefilterHandler(Component):
+class PrefilterHandler(Configurable):
 
     handler_name = Str('normal')
     esc_strings = List([])
-    shell = Any
-    prefilter_manager = Any
+    shell = Instance('IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShellABC')
+    prefilter_manager = Instance('IPython.core.prefilter.PrefilterManager')
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, config=None):
-        super(PrefilterHandler, self).__init__(parent, config=config)
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, prefilter_manager=None, config=None):
+        super(PrefilterHandler, self).__init__(
+            shell=shell, prefilter_manager=prefilter_manager, config=config
+        )
         self.prefilter_manager.register_handler(
             self.handler_name,
             self,
             self.esc_strings
         )
 
-    @auto_attr
-    def shell(self):
-        return Component.get_instances(
-            root=self.root,
-            klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell')[0]
-
-    @auto_attr
-    def prefilter_manager(self):
-        return PrefilterManager.get_instances(root=self.root)[0]
-
     def handle(self, line_info):
         # print "normal: ", line_info
         """Handle normal input lines. Use as a template for handlers."""
 
         # With autoindent on, we need some way to exit the input loop, and I
         # don't want to force the user to have to backspace all the way to
         # clear the line.  The rule will be in this case, that either two
         # lines of pure whitespace in a row, or a line of pure whitespace but
         # of a size different to the indent level, will exit the input loop.
         line = line_info.line
         continue_prompt = line_info.continue_prompt
 
         if (continue_prompt and
             self.shell.autoindent and
             line.isspace() and
             
             (0 < abs(len(line) - self.shell.indent_current_nsp) <= 2
              or
              not self.shell.buffer
              or
              (self.shell.buffer[-1]).isspace()
              )
             ):
             line = ''
 
         self.shell.log(line, line, continue_prompt)
         return line
 
     def __str__(self):
         return "<%s(name=%s)>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.handler_name)
 
 
 class AliasHandler(PrefilterHandler):
 
     handler_name = Str('alias')
 
-    @auto_attr
-    def alias_manager(self):
-        return AliasManager.get_instances(root=self.root)[0]
-
     def handle(self, line_info):
         """Handle alias input lines. """
-        transformed = self.alias_manager.expand_aliases(line_info.ifun,line_info.the_rest)
+        transformed = self.shell.alias_manager.expand_aliases(line_info.ifun,line_info.the_rest)
         # pre is needed, because it carries the leading whitespace.  Otherwise
         # aliases won't work in indented sections.
         line_out = '%sget_ipython().system(%s)' % (line_info.pre_whitespace,
                                          make_quoted_expr(transformed))
         
         self.shell.log(line_info.line, line_out, line_info.continue_prompt)
         return line_out
 
 
 class ShellEscapeHandler(PrefilterHandler):
 
     handler_name = Str('shell')
     esc_strings = List([ESC_SHELL, ESC_SH_CAP])
 
     def handle(self, line_info):
         """Execute the line in a shell, empty return value"""
         magic_handler = self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('magic')
 
         line = line_info.line
         if line.lstrip().startswith(ESC_SH_CAP):
             # rewrite LineInfo's line, ifun and the_rest to properly hold the
             # call to %sx and the actual command to be executed, so
             # handle_magic can work correctly.  Note that this works even if
             # the line is indented, so it handles multi_line_specials
             # properly.
             new_rest = line.lstrip()[2:]
             line_info.line = '%ssx %s' % (ESC_MAGIC, new_rest)
             line_info.ifun = 'sx'
             line_info.the_rest = new_rest
             return magic_handler.handle(line_info)
         else:
             cmd = line.lstrip().lstrip(ESC_SHELL)
             line_out = '%sget_ipython().system(%s)' % (line_info.pre_whitespace,
                                              make_quoted_expr(cmd))
         # update cache/log and return
         self.shell.log(line, line_out, line_info.continue_prompt)
         return line_out
 
 
 class MagicHandler(PrefilterHandler):
 
     handler_name = Str('magic')
     esc_strings = List([ESC_MAGIC])
 
     def handle(self, line_info):
         """Execute magic functions."""
         ifun    = line_info.ifun
         the_rest = line_info.the_rest
         cmd = '%sget_ipython().magic(%s)' % (line_info.pre_whitespace,
                                    make_quoted_expr(ifun + " " + the_rest))
         self.shell.log(line_info.line, cmd, line_info.continue_prompt)
         return cmd
 
 
 class AutoHandler(PrefilterHandler):
 
     handler_name = Str('auto')
     esc_strings = List([ESC_PAREN, ESC_QUOTE, ESC_QUOTE2])
 
     def handle(self, line_info):
-        """Hande lines which can be auto-executed, quoting if requested."""
+        """Handle lines which can be auto-executed, quoting if requested."""
         line    = line_info.line
         ifun    = line_info.ifun
         the_rest = line_info.the_rest
         pre     = line_info.pre
         continue_prompt = line_info.continue_prompt
         obj = line_info.ofind(self)['obj']
         #print 'pre <%s> ifun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,ifun,the_rest)  # dbg
 
         # This should only be active for single-line input!
         if continue_prompt:
             self.shell.log(line,line,continue_prompt)
             return line
 
         force_auto = isinstance(obj, IPyAutocall)
         auto_rewrite = True
         
         if pre == ESC_QUOTE:
             # Auto-quote splitting on whitespace
             newcmd = '%s("%s")' % (ifun,'", "'.join(the_rest.split()) )
         elif pre == ESC_QUOTE2:
             # Auto-quote whole string
             newcmd = '%s("%s")' % (ifun,the_rest)
         elif pre == ESC_PAREN:
             newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (ifun,",".join(the_rest.split()))
         else:
             # Auto-paren.
             # We only apply it to argument-less calls if the autocall
             # parameter is set to 2.  We only need to check that autocall is <
             # 2, since this function isn't called unless it's at least 1.
             if not the_rest and (self.shell.autocall < 2) and not force_auto:
                 newcmd = '%s %s' % (ifun,the_rest)
                 auto_rewrite = False
             else:
                 if not force_auto and the_rest.startswith('['):
                     if hasattr(obj,'__getitem__'):
                         # Don't autocall in this case: item access for an object
                         # which is BOTH callable and implements __getitem__.
                         newcmd = '%s %s' % (ifun,the_rest)
                         auto_rewrite = False
                     else:
                         # if the object doesn't support [] access, go ahead and
                         # autocall
                         newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (ifun.rstrip(),the_rest)
                 elif the_rest.endswith(';'):
                     newcmd = '%s(%s);' % (ifun.rstrip(),the_rest[:-1])
                 else:
                     newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (ifun.rstrip(), the_rest)
 
         if auto_rewrite:
             rw = self.shell.outputcache.prompt1.auto_rewrite() + newcmd
             
             try:
                 # plain ascii works better w/ pyreadline, on some machines, so
                 # we use it and only print uncolored rewrite if we have unicode
                 rw = str(rw)
                 print >>Term.cout, rw
             except UnicodeEncodeError:
                 print "-------------->" + newcmd
             
         # log what is now valid Python, not the actual user input (without the
         # final newline)
         self.shell.log(line,newcmd,continue_prompt)
         return newcmd
 
 
 class HelpHandler(PrefilterHandler):
 
     handler_name = Str('help')
     esc_strings = List([ESC_HELP])
 
     def handle(self, line_info):
         """Try to get some help for the object.
 
         obj? or ?obj   -> basic information.
         obj?? or ??obj -> more details.
         """
         normal_handler = self.prefilter_manager.get_handler_by_name('normal')
         line = line_info.line
         # We need to make sure that we don't process lines which would be
         # otherwise valid python, such as "x=1 # what?"
         try:
             codeop.compile_command(line)
         except SyntaxError:
             # We should only handle as help stuff which is NOT valid syntax
             if line[0]==ESC_HELP:
                 line = line[1:]
             elif line[-1]==ESC_HELP:
                 line = line[:-1]
             self.shell.log(line, '#?'+line, line_info.continue_prompt)
             if line:
                 #print 'line:<%r>' % line  # dbg
                 self.shell.magic_pinfo(line)
             else:
                 page(self.shell.usage, screen_lines=self.shell.usable_screen_length)
             return '' # Empty string is needed here!
         except:
             raise
             # Pass any other exceptions through to the normal handler
             return normal_handler.handle(line_info)
         else:
             # If the code compiles ok, we should handle it normally
             return normal_handler.handle(line_info)
 
 
 class EmacsHandler(PrefilterHandler):
 
     handler_name = Str('emacs')
     esc_strings = List([])
 
     def handle(self, line_info):
         """Handle input lines marked by python-mode."""
 
         # Currently, nothing is done.  Later more functionality can be added
         # here if needed.
 
         # The input cache shouldn't be updated
         return line_info.line
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Defaults
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 _default_transformers = [
     AssignSystemTransformer,
     AssignMagicTransformer,
     PyPromptTransformer,
     IPyPromptTransformer,
 ]
 
 _default_checkers = [
     EmacsChecker,
     ShellEscapeChecker,
     IPyAutocallChecker,
     MultiLineMagicChecker,
     EscCharsChecker,
     AssignmentChecker,
     AutoMagicChecker,
     AliasChecker,
     PythonOpsChecker,
     AutocallChecker
 ]
 
 _default_handlers = [
     PrefilterHandler,
     AliasHandler,
     ShellEscapeHandler,
     MagicHandler,
     AutoHandler,
     HelpHandler,
     EmacsHandler
 ]

IPython/core/tests/refbug.py

@@ -1,41 +1,47 b''
 """Minimal script to reproduce our nasty reference counting bug.
 
 The problem is related to https://bugs.launchpad.net/ipython/+bug/269966
 
 The original fix for that appeared to work, but John D. Hunter found a
 matplotlib example which, when run twice in a row, would break.  The problem
 were references held by open figures to internals of Tkinter.
 
 This code reproduces the problem that John saw, without matplotlib.
 
 This script is meant to be called by other parts of the test suite that call it
 via %run as if it were executed interactively by the user.  As of 2009-04-13,
 test_magic.py calls it.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Module imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import sys
 
 from IPython.core import ipapi
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# This needs to be here because nose and other test runners will import
+# this module. Importing this module has potential side effects that we
+# want to prevent.
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+
 ip = ipapi.get()
 
 if not '_refbug_cache' in ip.user_ns:
     ip.user_ns['_refbug_cache'] = []
 
 
 aglobal = 'Hello'
 def f():
     return aglobal
 
 cache = ip.user_ns['_refbug_cache']
 cache.append(f)
 
 def call_f():
     for func in cache:
         print 'lowercased:',func().lower()

IPython/extensions/__init__.py

@@ -1,13 +1,2 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""This directory is meant for special-purpose extensions to IPython.
-
-This can include things which alter the syntax processing stage (see
-PhysicalQ_Input for an example of how to do this).
-
-Any file located here can be called with an 'execfile =' option as
-
-  execfile = extensions/filename.py
-
-since the IPython directory itself is already part of the search path for
-files listed as 'execfile ='.
-"""
+"""This directory is meant for IPython extensions."""

IPython/extensions/parallelmagic.py

@@ -1,209 +1,201 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 
 """Magic command interface for interactive parallel work."""
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import new
 
-from IPython.core.component import Component
-from IPython.utils.traitlets import Bool, Any
+from IPython.core.plugin import Plugin
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import Bool, Any, Instance
 from IPython.utils.autoattr import auto_attr
 from IPython.testing import decorators as testdec
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Definitions of magic functions for use with IPython
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 NO_ACTIVE_MULTIENGINE_CLIENT = """
 Use activate() on a MultiEngineClient object to activate it for magics.
 """
 
 
-class ParalleMagicComponent(Component):
+class ParalleMagic(Plugin):
     """A component to manage the %result, %px and %autopx magics."""
 
     active_multiengine_client = Any()
     verbose = Bool(False, config=True)
+    shell = Instance('IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShellABC')
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, name=None, config=None):
-        super(ParalleMagicComponent, self).__init__(parent, name=name, config=config)
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, config=None):
+        super(ParalleMagic, self).__init__(shell=shell, config=config)
         self._define_magics()
         # A flag showing if autopx is activated or not
         self.autopx = False
 
-    # Access other components like this rather than by a regular attribute.
-    # This won't lookup the InteractiveShell object until it is used and
-    # then it is cached.  This is both efficient and couples this class 
-    # more loosely to InteractiveShell.
-    @auto_attr
-    def shell(self):
-        return Component.get_instances(
-            root=self.root,
-            klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell')[0]
-
     def _define_magics(self):
         """Define the magic functions."""
         self.shell.define_magic('result', self.magic_result)
         self.shell.define_magic('px', self.magic_px)
         self.shell.define_magic('autopx', self.magic_autopx)
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_result(self, ipself, parameter_s=''):
         """Print the result of command i on all engines..
 
         To use this a :class:`MultiEngineClient` instance must be created 
         and then activated by calling its :meth:`activate` method.
 
         Then you can do the following::
 
             In [23]: %result
             Out[23]: 
             <Results List>
             [0] In [6]: a = 10
             [1] In [6]: a = 10
     
             In [22]: %result 6
             Out[22]: 
             <Results List>
             [0] In [6]: a = 10
             [1] In [6]: a = 10
         """
         if self.active_multiengine_client is None:
             print NO_ACTIVE_MULTIENGINE_CLIENT
             return
 
         try:
             index = int(parameter_s)
         except:
             index = None
         result = self.active_multiengine_client.get_result(index)
         return result
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_px(self, ipself, parameter_s=''):
         """Executes the given python command in parallel.
 
         To use this a :class:`MultiEngineClient` instance must be created 
         and then activated by calling its :meth:`activate` method.
         
         Then you can do the following::
 
             In [24]: %px a = 5
             Parallel execution on engines: all
             Out[24]: 
             <Results List>
             [0] In [7]: a = 5
             [1] In [7]: a = 5
         """
 
         if self.active_multiengine_client is None:
             print NO_ACTIVE_MULTIENGINE_CLIENT
             return
         print "Parallel execution on engines: %s" % self.active_multiengine_client.targets
         result = self.active_multiengine_client.execute(parameter_s)
         return result
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_autopx(self, ipself, parameter_s=''):
         """Toggles auto parallel mode.
 
         To use this a :class:`MultiEngineClient` instance must be created 
         and then activated by calling its :meth:`activate` method. Once this
         is called, all commands typed at the command line are send to
         the engines to be executed in parallel. To control which engine
         are used, set the ``targets`` attributed of the multiengine client
         before entering ``%autopx`` mode.
 
         Then you can do the following::
 
             In [25]: %autopx
             %autopx to enabled
 
             In [26]: a = 10
             <Results List>
             [0] In [8]: a = 10
             [1] In [8]: a = 10
 
 
             In [27]: %autopx
             %autopx disabled
         """
         if self.autopx:
             self._disable_autopx()
         else:
             self._enable_autopx()
 
     def _enable_autopx(self):
         """Enable %autopx mode by saving the original runsource and installing 
         pxrunsource.
         """
         if self.active_multiengine_client is None:
             print NO_ACTIVE_MULTIENGINE_CLIENT
             return
 
         self._original_runsource = self.shell.runsource
         self.shell.runsource = new.instancemethod(
             self.pxrunsource, self.shell, self.shell.__class__
         )
         self.autopx = True
         print "%autopx enabled"
     
     def _disable_autopx(self):
         """Disable %autopx by restoring the original InteractiveShell.runsource."""
         if self.autopx:
             self.shell.runsource = self._original_runsource
             self.autopx = False
             print "%autopx disabled"
 
     def pxrunsource(self, ipself, source, filename="<input>", symbol="single"):
         """A parallel replacement for InteractiveShell.runsource."""
 
         try:
             code = ipself.compile(source, filename, symbol)
         except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError):
             # Case 1
             ipself.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             return None
 
         if code is None:
             # Case 2
             return True
 
         # Case 3
         # Because autopx is enabled, we now call executeAll or disable autopx if
         # %autopx or autopx has been called
         if 'get_ipython().magic("%autopx' in source or 'get_ipython().magic("autopx' in source:
             self._disable_autopx()
             return False
         else:
             try:
                 result = self.active_multiengine_client.execute(source)
             except:
                 ipself.showtraceback()
             else:
                 print result.__repr__()
             return False
 
 
 _loaded = False
 
 
 def load_ipython_extension(ip):
     """Load the extension in IPython."""
     global _loaded
     if not _loaded:
-        prd = ParalleMagicComponent(ip, name='parallel_magic')
+        plugin = ParalleMagic(shell=ip, config=ip.config)
+        ip.plugin_manager.register_plugin('parallel_magic', plugin)
         _loaded = True
 

IPython/extensions/pretty.py

@@ -1,166 +1,157 b''
 """Use pretty.py for configurable pretty-printing.
 
 To enable this extension in your configuration
 file, add the following to :file:`ipython_config.py`::
 
     c.Global.extensions = ['IPython.extensions.pretty']
     def dict_pprinter(obj, p, cycle):
         return p.text("<dict>")
     c.PrettyResultDisplay.verbose = True
     c.PrettyResultDisplay.defaults_for_type = [
         (dict, dict_pprinter)
     ]
     c.PrettyResultDisplay.defaults_for_type_by_name = [
         ('numpy', 'dtype', 'IPython.extensions.pretty.dtype_pprinter')
     ]
 
 This extension can also be loaded by using the ``%load_ext`` magic::
 
     %load_ext IPython.extensions.pretty
 
 If this extension is enabled, you can always add additional pretty printers
 by doing::
 
     ip = get_ipython()
     prd = ip.get_component('pretty_result_display')
     import numpy
     from IPython.extensions.pretty import dtype_pprinter
     prd.for_type(numpy.dtype, dtype_pprinter)
 
     # If you don't want to have numpy imported until it needs to be:
     prd.for_type_by_name('numpy', 'dtype', dtype_pprinter)
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext
 from IPython.external import pretty
-from IPython.core.component import Component
-from IPython.utils.traitlets import Bool, List
+from IPython.core.plugin import Plugin
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import Bool, List, Instance
 from IPython.utils.io import Term
 from IPython.utils.autoattr import auto_attr
 from IPython.utils.importstring import import_item
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 _loaded = False
 
 
-class PrettyResultDisplay(Component):
+class PrettyResultDisplay(Plugin):
     """A component for pretty printing on steroids."""
 
     verbose = Bool(False, config=True)
+    shell = Instance('IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShellABC')
 
     # A list of (type, func_name), like
     # [(dict, 'my_dict_printer')]
     # The final argument can also be a callable
     defaults_for_type = List(default_value=[], config=True)
 
     # A list of (module_name, type_name, func_name), like
     # [('numpy', 'dtype', 'IPython.extensions.pretty.dtype_pprinter')]
     # The final argument can also be a callable
     defaults_for_type_by_name = List(default_value=[], config=True)
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, name=None, config=None):
-        super(PrettyResultDisplay, self).__init__(parent, name=name, config=config)
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, config=None):
+        super(PrettyResultDisplay, self).__init__(shell=shell, config=config)
         self._setup_defaults()
 
     def _setup_defaults(self):
         """Initialize the default pretty printers."""
         for typ, func_name in self.defaults_for_type:
             func = self._resolve_func_name(func_name)
             self.for_type(typ, func)
         for type_module, type_name, func_name in self.defaults_for_type_by_name:
             func = self._resolve_func_name(func_name)
             self.for_type_by_name(type_module, type_name, func)
 
     def _resolve_func_name(self, func_name):
         if callable(func_name):
             return func_name
         elif isinstance(func_name, basestring):
             return import_item(func_name)
         else:
             raise TypeError('func_name must be a str or callable, got: %r' % func_name)
 
-    # Access other components like this rather than by a regular attribute.
-    # This won't lookup the InteractiveShell object until it is used and
-    # then it is cached.  This is both efficient and couples this class 
-    # more loosely to InteractiveShell.
-    @auto_attr
-    def shell(self):
-        return Component.get_instances(
-            root=self.root,
-            klass='IPython.core.iplib.InteractiveShell')[0]
-
     def __call__(self, otherself, arg):
         """Uber-pretty-printing display hook.
 
         Called for displaying the result to the user.
         """
         
         if self.shell.pprint:
             out = pretty.pretty(arg, verbose=self.verbose)
             if '\n' in out:
                 # So that multi-line strings line up with the left column of
                 # the screen, instead of having the output prompt mess up
                 # their first line.                
                 Term.cout.write('\n')
             print >>Term.cout, out
         else:
             raise TryNext
 
     def for_type(self, typ, func):
         """Add a pretty printer for a type."""
         return pretty.for_type(typ, func)
 
     def for_type_by_name(self, type_module, type_name, func):
         """Add a pretty printer for a type by its name and module name."""
         return pretty.for_type_by_name(type_module, type_name, func)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Initialization code for the extension
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 def load_ipython_extension(ip):
     """Load the extension in IPython as a hook."""
     global _loaded
     if not _loaded:
-        prd = PrettyResultDisplay(ip, name='pretty_result_display')
-        ip.set_hook('result_display', prd, priority=99)
+        plugin = PrettyResultDisplay(shell=ip, config=ip.config)
+        ip.set_hook('result_display', plugin, priority=99)
         _loaded = True
-        return prd
+        ip.plugin_manager.register_plugin('pretty_result_display', plugin)
 
 def unload_ipython_extension(ip):
     """Unload the extension."""
     # The hook system does not have a way to remove a hook so this is a pass
     pass
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Example pretty printers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 def dtype_pprinter(obj, p, cycle):
     """ A pretty-printer for numpy dtype objects.
     """
     if cycle:
         return p.text('dtype(...)')
     if hasattr(obj, 'fields'):
         if obj.fields is None:
             p.text(repr(obj))
         else:
             p.begin_group(7, 'dtype([')
             for i, field in enumerate(obj.descr):
                 if i > 0:
                     p.text(',')
                     p.breakable()
                 p.pretty(field)
             p.end_group(7, '])')

IPython/extensions/tests/test_pretty.py

@@ -1,101 +1,100 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 Simple tests for :mod:`IPython.extensions.pretty`.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from unittest import TestCase
 
-from IPython.core.component import Component, masquerade_as
-from IPython.core.iplib import InteractiveShell
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
+from IPython.core.iplib import InteractiveShellABC
 from IPython.extensions import pretty as pretty_ext
 from IPython.external import pretty
 from IPython.testing import decorators as dec
 from IPython.testing import tools as tt
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import Bool
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Tests
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-class InteractiveShellStub(Component):
+class InteractiveShellStub(Configurable):
     pprint = Bool(True)
 
+InteractiveShellABC.register(InteractiveShellStub)
+
 class A(object):
     pass
 
 def a_pprinter(o, p, c):
     return p.text("<A>")
 
 class TestPrettyResultDisplay(TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        self.ip = InteractiveShellStub(None)
-        # This allows our stub to be retrieved instead of the real
-        # InteractiveShell
-        masquerade_as(self.ip, InteractiveShell)
-        self.prd = pretty_ext.PrettyResultDisplay(self.ip,
-                                                  name='pretty_result_display')
+        self.ip = InteractiveShellStub()
+        self.prd = pretty_ext.PrettyResultDisplay(shell=self.ip, config=None)
 
     def test_for_type(self):
         self.prd.for_type(A, a_pprinter)
         a = A()
         result = pretty.pretty(a)
         self.assertEquals(result, "<A>")
 
 ipy_src = """
 class A(object):
     def __repr__(self):
         return 'A()'
     
 class B(object):
     def __repr__(self):
         return 'B()'
  
 a = A()
 b = B()
 
 def a_pretty_printer(obj, p, cycle):
     p.text('<A>')
 
 def b_pretty_printer(obj, p, cycle):
     p.text('<B>')
 
 
 a
 b
 
 ip = get_ipython()
-prd = ip.load_extension('pretty')
+ip.extension_manager.load_extension('pretty')
+prd = ip.plugin_manager.get_plugin('pretty_result_display')
 prd.for_type(A, a_pretty_printer)
 prd.for_type_by_name(B.__module__, B.__name__, b_pretty_printer)
 
 a
 b
 """
 ipy_out = """
 A()
 B()
 <A>
 <B>
 """
 
 class TestPrettyInteractively(tt.TempFileMixin):
     
     # XXX Unfortunately, ipexec_validate fails under win32.  If someone helps
     # us write a win32-compatible version, we can reactivate this test.
     @dec.skip_win32
     def test_printers(self):
         self.mktmp(ipy_src, '.ipy')
         tt.ipexec_validate(self.fname, ipy_out)

IPython/frontend/qt/kernelmanager.py

@@ -1,171 +1,184 b''
 """ Defines a KernelManager that provides signals and slots.
 """
 
 # System library imports.
 from PyQt4 import QtCore
 import zmq
 
 # IPython imports.
 from IPython.zmq.kernelmanager import KernelManager, SubSocketChannel, \
     XReqSocketChannel, RepSocketChannel
 from util import MetaQObjectHasTraits
 
+# When doing multiple inheritance from QtCore.QObject and other classes
+# the calling of the parent __init__'s is a subtle issue:
+# * QtCore.QObject does not call super so you can't use super and put
+#   QObject first in the inheritance list.
+# * QtCore.QObject.__init__ takes 1 argument, the parent. So if you are going
+#   to use super, any class that comes before QObject must pass it something
+#   reasonable.
+# In summary, I don't think using super in these situations will work.
+# Instead we will need to call the __init__ methods of both parents
+# by hand.  Not pretty, but it works.
 
 class QtSubSocketChannel(SubSocketChannel, QtCore.QObject):
 
     # Emitted when any message is received.
     message_received = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
 
     # Emitted when a message of type 'pyout' or 'stdout' is received.
     output_received = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
 
     # Emitted when a message of type 'pyerr' or 'stderr' is received.
     error_received = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
 
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # 'object' interface
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
     def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
         """ Reimplemented to ensure that QtCore.QObject is initialized first.
         """
         QtCore.QObject.__init__(self)
         SubSocketChannel.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
 
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # 'SubSocketChannel' interface
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
     def call_handlers(self, msg):
         """ Reimplemented to emit signals instead of making callbacks.
         """
         # Emit the generic signal.
         self.message_received.emit(msg)
         
         # Emit signals for specialized message types.
         msg_type = msg['msg_type']
         if msg_type in ('pyout', 'stdout'):
             self.output_received.emit(msg)
         elif msg_type in ('pyerr', 'stderr'):
             self.error_received.emit(msg)
 
     def flush(self):
         """ Reimplemented to ensure that signals are dispatched immediately.
         """
         super(QtSubSocketChannel, self).flush()
         QtCore.QCoreApplication.instance().processEvents()
 
 
 class QtXReqSocketChannel(XReqSocketChannel, QtCore.QObject):
 
     # Emitted when any message is received.
     message_received = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
 
     # Emitted when a reply has been received for the corresponding request type.
     execute_reply = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
     complete_reply = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
     object_info_reply = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
 
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # 'object' interface
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
     def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
         """ Reimplemented to ensure that QtCore.QObject is initialized first.
         """
         QtCore.QObject.__init__(self)
         XReqSocketChannel.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
     
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # 'XReqSocketChannel' interface
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
     def call_handlers(self, msg):
         """ Reimplemented to emit signals instead of making callbacks.
         """
         # Emit the generic signal.
         self.message_received.emit(msg)
         
         # Emit signals for specialized message types.
         msg_type = msg['msg_type']
         signal = getattr(self, msg_type, None)
         if signal:
             signal.emit(msg)
 
 
 class QtRepSocketChannel(RepSocketChannel, QtCore.QObject):
 
     # Emitted when any message is received.
     message_received = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
 
     # Emitted when an input request is received.
     input_requested = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
 
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # 'object' interface
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
     def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
         """ Reimplemented to ensure that QtCore.QObject is initialized first.
         """
         QtCore.QObject.__init__(self)
         RepSocketChannel.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
 
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # 'RepSocketChannel' interface
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def call_handlers(self, msg):
         """ Reimplemented to emit signals instead of making callbacks.
         """
         # Emit the generic signal.
         self.message_received.emit(msg)
         
         # Emit signals for specialized message types.
         msg_type = msg['msg_type']
         if msg_type == 'input_request':
             self.input_requested.emit(msg)
     
-
 class QtKernelManager(KernelManager, QtCore.QObject):
     """ A KernelManager that provides signals and slots.
     """
 
     __metaclass__ = MetaQObjectHasTraits
 
     # Emitted when the kernel manager has started listening.
     started_channels = QtCore.pyqtSignal()
 
     # Emitted when the kernel manager has stopped listening.
     stopped_channels = QtCore.pyqtSignal()
 
     # Use Qt-specific channel classes that emit signals.
     sub_channel_class = QtSubSocketChannel
     xreq_channel_class = QtXReqSocketChannel
     rep_channel_class = QtRepSocketChannel
 
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+        QtCore.QObject.__init__(self)
+        KernelManager.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
+
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # 'object' interface
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
     def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
         """ Reimplemented to ensure that QtCore.QObject is initialized first.
         """
         QtCore.QObject.__init__(self)
         KernelManager.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
 
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # 'KernelManager' interface
     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
     def start_channels(self):
         """ Reimplemented to emit signal.
         """
         super(QtKernelManager, self).start_channels()
         self.started_channels.emit()
 
     def stop_channels(self):
         """ Reimplemented to emit signal.
         """ 
         super(QtKernelManager, self).stop_channels()
         self.stopped_channels.emit()

IPython/frontend/qt/util.py

@@ -1,63 +1,64 b''
 """ Defines miscellaneous Qt-related helper classes and functions.
 """
 
 # System library imports.
 from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
 
 # IPython imports.
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import HasTraits
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Metaclasses
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 MetaHasTraits = type(HasTraits)
 MetaQObject = type(QtCore.QObject)
 
+# You can switch the order of the parents here and it doesn't seem to matter.
 class MetaQObjectHasTraits(MetaQObject, MetaHasTraits):
     """ A metaclass that inherits from the metaclasses of both HasTraits and
         QObject. 
 
         Using this metaclass allows a class to inherit from both HasTraits and
         QObject. See QtKernelManager for an example.
     """
     pass
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
         
 def image_from_svg(string, size=None):
     """ Convert a string containing SVG data into a QImage.
 
     Parameters:
     -----------
     string : str
         A Python string containing the SVG data.
 
     size : QSize or None [default None]
         The size of the image that is produced. If not specified, the SVG data's
         default size is used.
     
     Raises:
     -------
     ValueError
         If an invalid SVG string is provided.
 
     Returns:
     --------
     A QImage with format QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied.
     """
     from PyQt4 import QtSvg
 
     bytes = QtCore.QByteArray(string)
     renderer = QtSvg.QSvgRenderer(bytes)
     if not renderer.isValid():
         raise ValueError('Invalid SVG data.')
 
     if size is None:
         size = renderer.defaultSize()
     image = QtGui.QImage(size, QtGui.QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied)
     painter = QtGui.QPainter(image)
     renderer.render(painter)
     return image

IPython/kernel/clusterdir.py

@@ -1,539 +1,538 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 The IPython cluster directory
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from __future__ import with_statement
 
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
 import warnings
 
 from twisted.python import log
 
 from IPython.config.loader import PyFileConfigLoader
 from IPython.core.application import Application, BaseAppConfigLoader
-from IPython.core.component import Component
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
 from IPython.core.crashhandler import CrashHandler
 from IPython.core import release
 from IPython.utils.path import (
     get_ipython_package_dir,
     expand_path
 )
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import Unicode
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Warnings control
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Twisted generates annoying warnings with Python 2.6, as will do other code
 # that imports 'sets' as of today
 warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', 'the sets module is deprecated',
                         DeprecationWarning )
 
 # This one also comes from Twisted
 warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', 'the sha module is deprecated',
                         DeprecationWarning)
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Module errors
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class ClusterDirError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 class PIDFileError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Class for managing cluster directories
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-class ClusterDir(Component):
+class ClusterDir(Configurable):
     """An object to manage the cluster directory and its resources.
 
     The cluster directory is used by :command:`ipcontroller`, 
     :command:`ipcontroller` and :command:`ipcontroller` to manage the
     configuration, logging and security of these applications.
 
     This object knows how to find, create and manage these directories. This
     should be used by any code that want's to handle cluster directories.
     """
 
     security_dir_name = Unicode('security')
     log_dir_name = Unicode('log')
     pid_dir_name = Unicode('pid')
     security_dir = Unicode(u'')
     log_dir = Unicode(u'')
     pid_dir = Unicode(u'')
     location = Unicode(u'')
 
-    def __init__(self, location):
-        super(ClusterDir, self).__init__(None)
-        self.location = location
+    def __init__(self, location=u''):
+        super(ClusterDir, self).__init__(location=location)
 
     def _location_changed(self, name, old, new):
         if not os.path.isdir(new):
             os.makedirs(new)
         self.security_dir = os.path.join(new, self.security_dir_name)
         self.log_dir = os.path.join(new, self.log_dir_name)
         self.pid_dir = os.path.join(new, self.pid_dir_name)
         self.check_dirs()
 
     def _log_dir_changed(self, name, old, new):
         self.check_log_dir()
 
     def check_log_dir(self):
         if not os.path.isdir(self.log_dir):
             os.mkdir(self.log_dir)
 
     def _security_dir_changed(self, name, old, new):
         self.check_security_dir()
 
     def check_security_dir(self):
         if not os.path.isdir(self.security_dir):
             os.mkdir(self.security_dir, 0700)
         os.chmod(self.security_dir, 0700)
 
     def _pid_dir_changed(self, name, old, new):
         self.check_pid_dir()
 
     def check_pid_dir(self):
         if not os.path.isdir(self.pid_dir):
             os.mkdir(self.pid_dir, 0700)
         os.chmod(self.pid_dir, 0700)
 
     def check_dirs(self):
         self.check_security_dir()
         self.check_log_dir()
         self.check_pid_dir()
 
     def load_config_file(self, filename):
         """Load a config file from the top level of the cluster dir.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         filename : unicode or str
             The filename only of the config file that must be located in
             the top-level of the cluster directory.
         """
         loader = PyFileConfigLoader(filename, self.location)
         return loader.load_config()
 
     def copy_config_file(self, config_file, path=None, overwrite=False):
         """Copy a default config file into the active cluster directory.
 
         Default configuration files are kept in :mod:`IPython.config.default`.
         This function moves these from that location to the working cluster
         directory.
         """
         if path is None:
             import IPython.config.default
             path = IPython.config.default.__file__.split(os.path.sep)[:-1]
             path = os.path.sep.join(path)
         src = os.path.join(path, config_file)
         dst = os.path.join(self.location, config_file)
         if not os.path.isfile(dst) or overwrite:
             shutil.copy(src, dst)
 
     def copy_all_config_files(self, path=None, overwrite=False):
         """Copy all config files into the active cluster directory."""
         for f in [u'ipcontroller_config.py', u'ipengine_config.py',
                   u'ipcluster_config.py']:
             self.copy_config_file(f, path=path, overwrite=overwrite)
 
     @classmethod
     def create_cluster_dir(csl, cluster_dir):
         """Create a new cluster directory given a full path.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         cluster_dir : str
             The full path to the cluster directory.  If it does exist, it will
             be used.  If not, it will be created.
         """
-        return ClusterDir(cluster_dir)
+        return ClusterDir(location=cluster_dir)
 
     @classmethod
     def create_cluster_dir_by_profile(cls, path, profile=u'default'):
         """Create a cluster dir by profile name and path.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         path : str
             The path (directory) to put the cluster directory in.
         profile : str
             The name of the profile.  The name of the cluster directory will
             be "cluster_<profile>".
         """
         if not os.path.isdir(path):
             raise ClusterDirError('Directory not found: %s' % path)
         cluster_dir = os.path.join(path, u'cluster_' + profile)
-        return ClusterDir(cluster_dir)
+        return ClusterDir(location=cluster_dir)
 
     @classmethod
     def find_cluster_dir_by_profile(cls, ipython_dir, profile=u'default'):
         """Find an existing cluster dir by profile name, return its ClusterDir.
 
         This searches through a sequence of paths for a cluster dir.  If it
         is not found, a :class:`ClusterDirError` exception will be raised.
 
         The search path algorithm is:
         1. ``os.getcwd()``
         2. ``ipython_dir``
         3. The directories found in the ":" separated 
            :env:`IPCLUSTER_DIR_PATH` environment variable.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         ipython_dir : unicode or str
             The IPython directory to use.
         profile : unicode or str
             The name of the profile.  The name of the cluster directory
             will be "cluster_<profile>".
         """
         dirname = u'cluster_' + profile
         cluster_dir_paths = os.environ.get('IPCLUSTER_DIR_PATH','')
         if cluster_dir_paths:
             cluster_dir_paths = cluster_dir_paths.split(':')
         else:
             cluster_dir_paths = []
         paths = [os.getcwd(), ipython_dir] + cluster_dir_paths
         for p in paths:
             cluster_dir = os.path.join(p, dirname)
             if os.path.isdir(cluster_dir):
-                return ClusterDir(cluster_dir)
+                return ClusterDir(location=cluster_dir)
         else:
             raise ClusterDirError('Cluster directory not found in paths: %s' % dirname)
 
     @classmethod
     def find_cluster_dir(cls, cluster_dir):
         """Find/create a cluster dir and return its ClusterDir.
 
         This will create the cluster directory if it doesn't exist.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         cluster_dir : unicode or str
             The path of the cluster directory.  This is expanded using
             :func:`IPython.utils.genutils.expand_path`.
         """
         cluster_dir = expand_path(cluster_dir)
         if not os.path.isdir(cluster_dir):
             raise ClusterDirError('Cluster directory not found: %s' % cluster_dir)
-        return ClusterDir(cluster_dir)
+        return ClusterDir(location=cluster_dir)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Command line options
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class ClusterDirConfigLoader(BaseAppConfigLoader):
 
     def _add_cluster_profile(self, parser):
         paa = parser.add_argument
         paa('-p', '--profile',
             dest='Global.profile',type=unicode,
             help=
             """The string name of the profile to be used. This determines the name
             of the cluster dir as: cluster_<profile>. The default profile is named
             'default'.  The cluster directory is resolve this way if the
             --cluster-dir option is not used.""",
             metavar='Global.profile')
 
     def _add_cluster_dir(self, parser):
         paa = parser.add_argument
         paa('--cluster-dir',
             dest='Global.cluster_dir',type=unicode,
             help="""Set the cluster dir. This overrides the logic used by the
             --profile option.""",
             metavar='Global.cluster_dir')
 
     def _add_work_dir(self, parser):
         paa = parser.add_argument
         paa('--work-dir',
             dest='Global.work_dir',type=unicode,
             help='Set the working dir for the process.',
             metavar='Global.work_dir')
 
     def _add_clean_logs(self, parser):
         paa = parser.add_argument
         paa('--clean-logs',
             dest='Global.clean_logs', action='store_true',
             help='Delete old log flies before starting.')
 
     def _add_no_clean_logs(self, parser):
         paa = parser.add_argument
         paa('--no-clean-logs',
             dest='Global.clean_logs', action='store_false',
             help="Don't Delete old log flies before starting.")
 
     def _add_arguments(self):
         super(ClusterDirConfigLoader, self)._add_arguments()
         self._add_cluster_profile(self.parser)
         self._add_cluster_dir(self.parser)
         self._add_work_dir(self.parser)
         self._add_clean_logs(self.parser)
         self._add_no_clean_logs(self.parser)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Crash handler for this application
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 _message_template = """\
 Oops, $self.app_name crashed. We do our best to make it stable, but...
 
 A crash report was automatically generated with the following information:
   - A verbatim copy of the crash traceback.
   - Data on your current $self.app_name configuration.
 
 It was left in the file named:
 \t'$self.crash_report_fname'
 If you can email this file to the developers, the information in it will help
 them in understanding and correcting the problem.
 
 You can mail it to: $self.contact_name at $self.contact_email
 with the subject '$self.app_name Crash Report'.
 
 If you want to do it now, the following command will work (under Unix):
 mail -s '$self.app_name Crash Report' $self.contact_email < $self.crash_report_fname
 
 To ensure accurate tracking of this issue, please file a report about it at:
 $self.bug_tracker
 """
 
 class ClusterDirCrashHandler(CrashHandler):
     """sys.excepthook for IPython itself, leaves a detailed report on disk."""
 
     message_template = _message_template
 
     def __init__(self, app):
         contact_name = release.authors['Brian'][0]
         contact_email = release.authors['Brian'][1]
         bug_tracker = 'https://bugs.launchpad.net/ipython/+filebug'
         super(ClusterDirCrashHandler,self).__init__(
             app, contact_name, contact_email, bug_tracker
         )
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main application
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class ApplicationWithClusterDir(Application):
     """An application that puts everything into a cluster directory.
 
     Instead of looking for things in the ipython_dir, this type of application
     will use its own private directory called the "cluster directory"
     for things like config files, log files, etc.
 
     The cluster directory is resolved as follows:
 
     * If the ``--cluster-dir`` option is given, it is used.
     * If ``--cluster-dir`` is not given, the application directory is 
       resolve using the profile name as ``cluster_<profile>``. The search 
       path for this directory is then i) cwd if it is found there
       and ii) in ipython_dir otherwise.
 
     The config file for the application is to be put in the cluster
     dir and named the value of the ``config_file_name`` class attribute.
     """
 
     command_line_loader = ClusterDirConfigLoader
     crash_handler_class = ClusterDirCrashHandler
     auto_create_cluster_dir = True
 
     def create_default_config(self):
         super(ApplicationWithClusterDir, self).create_default_config()
         self.default_config.Global.profile = u'default'
         self.default_config.Global.cluster_dir = u''
         self.default_config.Global.work_dir = os.getcwd()
         self.default_config.Global.log_to_file = False
         self.default_config.Global.clean_logs = False
 
     def find_resources(self):
         """This resolves the cluster directory.
 
         This tries to find the cluster directory and if successful, it will
         have done:
         * Sets ``self.cluster_dir_obj`` to the :class:`ClusterDir` object for 
           the application.
         * Sets ``self.cluster_dir`` attribute of the application and config
           objects.
 
         The algorithm used for this is as follows:
         1. Try ``Global.cluster_dir``.
         2. Try using ``Global.profile``.
         3. If both of these fail and ``self.auto_create_cluster_dir`` is
            ``True``, then create the new cluster dir in the IPython directory.
         4. If all fails, then raise :class:`ClusterDirError`.
         """
 
         try:
             cluster_dir = self.command_line_config.Global.cluster_dir
         except AttributeError:
             cluster_dir = self.default_config.Global.cluster_dir
         cluster_dir = expand_path(cluster_dir)
         try:
             self.cluster_dir_obj = ClusterDir.find_cluster_dir(cluster_dir)
         except ClusterDirError:
             pass
         else:
             self.log.info('Using existing cluster dir: %s' % \
                 self.cluster_dir_obj.location
             )
             self.finish_cluster_dir()
             return
 
         try:
             self.profile = self.command_line_config.Global.profile
         except AttributeError:
             self.profile = self.default_config.Global.profile
         try:
             self.cluster_dir_obj = ClusterDir.find_cluster_dir_by_profile(
                 self.ipython_dir, self.profile)
         except ClusterDirError:
             pass
         else:
             self.log.info('Using existing cluster dir: %s' % \
                 self.cluster_dir_obj.location
             )
             self.finish_cluster_dir()
             return
 
         if self.auto_create_cluster_dir:
             self.cluster_dir_obj = ClusterDir.create_cluster_dir_by_profile(
                 self.ipython_dir, self.profile
             )
             self.log.info('Creating new cluster dir: %s' % \
                 self.cluster_dir_obj.location
             )
             self.finish_cluster_dir()
         else:
             raise ClusterDirError('Could not find a valid cluster directory.')
 
     def finish_cluster_dir(self):
         # Set the cluster directory
         self.cluster_dir = self.cluster_dir_obj.location
         
         # These have to be set because they could be different from the one
         # that we just computed.  Because command line has the highest
         # priority, this will always end up in the master_config.
         self.default_config.Global.cluster_dir = self.cluster_dir
         self.command_line_config.Global.cluster_dir = self.cluster_dir
 
     def find_config_file_name(self):
         """Find the config file name for this application."""
         # For this type of Application it should be set as a class attribute.
         if not hasattr(self, 'default_config_file_name'):
             self.log.critical("No config filename found")
         else:
             self.config_file_name = self.default_config_file_name
 
     def find_config_file_paths(self):
         # Set the search path to to the cluster directory. We should NOT
         # include IPython.config.default here as the default config files
         # are ALWAYS automatically moved to the cluster directory.
         conf_dir = os.path.join(get_ipython_package_dir(), 'config', 'default')
         self.config_file_paths = (self.cluster_dir,)
 
     def pre_construct(self):
         # The log and security dirs were set earlier, but here we put them
         # into the config and log them.
         config = self.master_config
         sdir = self.cluster_dir_obj.security_dir
         self.security_dir = config.Global.security_dir = sdir
         ldir = self.cluster_dir_obj.log_dir
         self.log_dir = config.Global.log_dir = ldir
         pdir = self.cluster_dir_obj.pid_dir
         self.pid_dir = config.Global.pid_dir = pdir
         self.log.info("Cluster directory set to: %s" % self.cluster_dir)
         config.Global.work_dir = unicode(expand_path(config.Global.work_dir))
         # Change to the working directory. We do this just before construct
         # is called so all the components there have the right working dir.
         self.to_work_dir()
 
     def to_work_dir(self):
         wd = self.master_config.Global.work_dir
         if unicode(wd) != unicode(os.getcwd()):
             os.chdir(wd)
             self.log.info("Changing to working dir: %s" % wd)
 
     def start_logging(self):
         # Remove old log files
         if self.master_config.Global.clean_logs:
             log_dir = self.master_config.Global.log_dir
             for f in os.listdir(log_dir):
                 if f.startswith(self.name + u'-') and f.endswith('.log'):
                     os.remove(os.path.join(log_dir, f))
         # Start logging to the new log file
         if self.master_config.Global.log_to_file:
             log_filename = self.name + u'-' + str(os.getpid()) + u'.log'
             logfile = os.path.join(self.log_dir, log_filename)
             open_log_file = open(logfile, 'w')
         else:
             open_log_file = sys.stdout
         log.startLogging(open_log_file)
 
     def write_pid_file(self, overwrite=False):
         """Create a .pid file in the pid_dir with my pid.
 
         This must be called after pre_construct, which sets `self.pid_dir`.
         This raises :exc:`PIDFileError` if the pid file exists already.
         """
         pid_file = os.path.join(self.pid_dir, self.name + u'.pid')
         if os.path.isfile(pid_file):
             pid = self.get_pid_from_file()
             if not overwrite:
                 raise PIDFileError(
                     'The pid file [%s] already exists. \nThis could mean that this '
                     'server is already running with [pid=%s].' % (pid_file, pid)
                 )
         with open(pid_file, 'w') as f:
             self.log.info("Creating pid file: %s" % pid_file)
             f.write(repr(os.getpid())+'\n')
 
     def remove_pid_file(self):
         """Remove the pid file.
 
         This should be called at shutdown by registering a callback with
         :func:`reactor.addSystemEventTrigger`. This needs to return
         ``None``.
         """
         pid_file = os.path.join(self.pid_dir, self.name + u'.pid')
         if os.path.isfile(pid_file):
             try:
                 self.log.info("Removing pid file: %s" % pid_file)
                 os.remove(pid_file)
             except:
                 self.log.warn("Error removing the pid file: %s" % pid_file)
 
     def get_pid_from_file(self):
         """Get the pid from the pid file.
 
         If the  pid file doesn't exist a :exc:`PIDFileError` is raised.
         """
         pid_file = os.path.join(self.pid_dir, self.name + u'.pid')
         if os.path.isfile(pid_file):
             with open(pid_file, 'r') as f:
                 pid = int(f.read().strip())
                 return pid
         else:
             raise PIDFileError('pid file not found: %s' % pid_file)
 

IPython/kernel/configobjfactory.py

@@ -1,79 +1,79 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 A class for creating a Twisted service that is configured using IPython's
 configuration system.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import zope.interface as zi
 
-from IPython.core.component import Component
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class IConfiguredObjectFactory(zi.Interface):
     """I am a component that creates a configured object.
 
     This class is useful if you want to configure a class that is not a 
-    subclass of :class:`IPython.core.component.Component`.
+    subclass of :class:`IPython.config.configurable.Configurable`.
     """
 
     def __init__(config):
         """Get ready to configure the object using config."""
 
     def create():
         """Return an instance of the configured object."""
 
 
-class ConfiguredObjectFactory(Component):
+class ConfiguredObjectFactory(Configurable):
 
     zi.implements(IConfiguredObjectFactory)
 
-    def __init__(self, config):
-        super(ConfiguredObjectFactory, self).__init__(None, config=config)
+    def __init__(self, config=None):
+        super(ConfiguredObjectFactory, self).__init__(config=config)
 
     def create(self):
         raise NotImplementedError('create must be implemented in a subclass')
 
 
 class IAdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory(zi.Interface):
     """I am a component that adapts and configures an object.
 
     This class is useful if you have the adapt an instance and configure it.
     """
 
-    def __init__(config, adaptee=None):
+    def __init__(config=None, adaptee=None):
         """Get ready to adapt adaptee and then configure it using config."""
 
     def create():
         """Return an instance of the adapted and configured object."""
 
 
-class AdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory(Component):
+class AdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory(Configurable):
 
     # zi.implements(IAdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory)
 
-    def __init__(self, config, adaptee):
+    def __init__(self, config=None, adaptee=None):
         # print
         # print "config pre:", config
-        super(AdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory, self).__init__(None, config=config)
+        super(AdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory, self).__init__(config=config)
         # print
         # print "config post:", config
         self.adaptee = adaptee
 
     def create(self):
         raise NotImplementedError('create must be implemented in a subclass')

IPython/kernel/fcutil.py

@@ -1,296 +1,296 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 Foolscap related utilities.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from __future__ import with_statement
 
 import os
 import tempfile
 
 from twisted.internet import reactor, defer
 from twisted.python import log
 
 import foolscap
 try:
     from foolscap.api import Tub, UnauthenticatedTub
 except ImportError:
     from foolscap import Tub, UnauthenticatedTub
 
 from IPython.config.loader import Config
 from IPython.kernel.configobjfactory import AdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory
 from IPython.kernel.error import SecurityError
 
 from IPython.utils.importstring import import_item
 from IPython.utils.path import expand_path
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import Int, Str, Bool, Instance
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 # We do this so if a user doesn't have OpenSSL installed, it will try to use
 # an UnauthenticatedTub.  But, they will still run into problems if they
 # try to use encrypted furls.
 try:
     import OpenSSL
 except:
     Tub = UnauthenticatedTub
     have_crypto = False
 else:
     have_crypto = True
 
 
 class FURLError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 def check_furl_file_security(furl_file, secure):
     """Remove the old furl_file if changing security modes."""
     furl_file = expand_path(furl_file)
     if os.path.isfile(furl_file):
         with open(furl_file, 'r') as f:
             oldfurl = f.read().strip()
         if (oldfurl.startswith('pb://') and not secure) or (oldfurl.startswith('pbu://') and secure):
             os.remove(furl_file)
 
 
 def is_secure(furl):
     """Is the given FURL secure or not."""
     if is_valid_furl(furl):
         if furl.startswith("pb://"):
             return True
         elif furl.startswith("pbu://"):
             return False
     else:
         raise FURLError("invalid FURL: %s" % furl)
 
 
 def is_valid_furl(furl):
     """Is the str a valid FURL or not."""
     if isinstance(furl, str):
         if furl.startswith("pb://") or furl.startswith("pbu://"):
             return True
         else:
             return False
     else:
         return False
 
 
 def is_valid_furl_file(furl_or_file):
     """See if furl_or_file exists and contains a valid FURL.
 
     This doesn't try to read the contents because often we have to validate
     FURL files that are created, but don't yet have a FURL written to them.
     """
     if isinstance(furl_or_file, (str, unicode)):
         path, furl_filename = os.path.split(furl_or_file)
         if os.path.isdir(path) and furl_filename.endswith('.furl'):
             return True
     return False
 
 
 def find_furl(furl_or_file):
     """Find, validate and return a FURL in a string or file.
 
     This calls :func:`IPython.utils.path.expand_path` on the argument to
     properly handle ``~`` and ``$`` variables in the path.
     """
     if is_valid_furl(furl_or_file):
         return furl_or_file
     furl_or_file = expand_path(furl_or_file)
     if is_valid_furl_file(furl_or_file):
         with open(furl_or_file, 'r') as f:
             furl = f.read().strip()
         if is_valid_furl(furl):
             return furl
     raise FURLError("Not a valid FURL or FURL file: %r" % furl_or_file)
 
 
 def is_valid_furl_or_file(furl_or_file):
     """Validate a FURL or a FURL file.
 
     If ``furl_or_file`` looks like a file, we simply make sure its directory
     exists and that it has a ``.furl`` file extension.  We don't try to see
     if the FURL file exists or to read its contents. This is useful for
     cases where auto re-connection is being used.
     """
     if is_valid_furl(furl_or_file) or is_valid_furl_file(furl_or_file):
         return True
     else:
         return False
 
 
 def validate_furl_or_file(furl_or_file):
     """Like :func:`is_valid_furl_or_file`, but raises an error."""
     if not is_valid_furl_or_file(furl_or_file):
         raise FURLError('Not a valid FURL or FURL file: %r' % furl_or_file)
 
 
 def get_temp_furlfile(filename):
     """Return a temporary FURL file."""
     return tempfile.mktemp(dir=os.path.dirname(filename),
                            prefix=os.path.basename(filename))
 
 
 def make_tub(ip, port, secure, cert_file):
     """Create a listening tub given an ip, port, and cert_file location.
     
     Parameters
     ----------
     ip : str
         The ip address or hostname that the tub should listen on.  
         Empty means all interfaces.
     port : int
         The port that the tub should listen on.  A value of 0 means
         pick a random port
     secure: bool
         Will the connection be secure (in the Foolscap sense).
     cert_file: str
         A filename of a file to be used for theSSL certificate.
 
     Returns
     -------
     A tub, listener tuple.
     """
     if secure:
         if have_crypto:
             tub = Tub(certFile=cert_file)
         else:
             raise SecurityError("OpenSSL/pyOpenSSL is not available, so we "
                                 "can't run in secure mode.  Try running without "
                                 "security using 'ipcontroller -xy'.")
     else:
         tub = UnauthenticatedTub()
     
     # Set the strport based on the ip and port and start listening
     if ip == '':
         strport = "tcp:%i" % port
     else:
         strport = "tcp:%i:interface=%s" % (port, ip)
     log.msg("Starting listener with [secure=%r] on: %s" % (secure, strport))
     listener = tub.listenOn(strport)
     
     return tub, listener
 
 
 class FCServiceFactory(AdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory):
     """This class creates a tub with various services running in it.
 
     The basic idea is that :meth:`create` returns a running :class:`Tub`
-    instance that has a number of Foolscap references registered in it.
-    This class is a subclass of :class:`IPython.core.component.Component`
-    so the IPython configuration and component system are used.
+    instance that has a number of Foolscap references registered in it. This
+    class is a subclass of :class:`IPython.config.configurable.Configurable`
+    so the IPython configuration system is used.
 
     Attributes
     ----------
     interfaces : Config
         A Config instance whose values are sub-Config objects having two
         keys: furl_file and interface_chain.
 
     The other attributes are the standard ones for Foolscap.
     """
 
     ip = Str('', config=True)
     port = Int(0, config=True)
     secure = Bool(True, config=True)
     cert_file = Str('', config=True)
     location = Str('', config=True)
     reuse_furls = Bool(False, config=True)
     interfaces = Instance(klass=Config, kw={}, allow_none=False, config=True)
 
     def __init__(self, config, adaptee):
         super(FCServiceFactory, self).__init__(config, adaptee)
         self._check_reuse_furls()
 
     def _ip_changed(self, name, old, new):
         if new == 'localhost' or new == '127.0.0.1':
             self.location = '127.0.0.1'
 
     def _check_reuse_furls(self):
         furl_files = [i.furl_file for i in self.interfaces.values()]
         for ff in furl_files:
             fullfile = self._get_security_file(ff)
             if self.reuse_furls:
                 if self.port==0:
                     raise FURLError("You are trying to reuse the FURL file "
                         "for this connection, but the port for this connection "
                         "is set to 0 (autoselect). To reuse the FURL file "
                         "you need to specify specific port to listen on."
                     )
                 else:
                     log.msg("Reusing FURL file: %s" % fullfile)
             else:
                 if os.path.isfile(fullfile):
                     log.msg("Removing old FURL file: %s" % fullfile)
                     os.remove(fullfile)
 
     def _get_security_file(self, filename):
         return os.path.join(self.config.Global.security_dir, filename)
 
     def create(self):
         """Create and return the Foolscap tub with everything running."""
 
         self.tub, self.listener = make_tub(
             self.ip, self.port, self.secure, 
             self._get_security_file(self.cert_file)
         )
         # log.msg("Interfaces to register [%r]: %r" % \
         #     (self.__class__, self.interfaces))
         if not self.secure:
             log.msg("WARNING: running with no security: %s" % \
                 self.__class__.__name__)
         reactor.callWhenRunning(self.set_location_and_register)
         return self.tub
 
     def set_location_and_register(self):
         """Set the location for the tub and return a deferred."""
 
         if self.location == '':
             d = self.tub.setLocationAutomatically()
         else:
             d = defer.maybeDeferred(self.tub.setLocation,
                 "%s:%i" % (self.location, self.listener.getPortnum()))
         self.adapt_to_interfaces(d)
 
     def adapt_to_interfaces(self, d):
         """Run through the interfaces, adapt and register."""
 
         for ifname, ifconfig in self.interfaces.iteritems():
             ff = self._get_security_file(ifconfig.furl_file)
             log.msg("Adapting [%s] to interface: %s" % \
                 (self.adaptee.__class__.__name__, ifname))
             log.msg("Saving FURL for interface [%s] to file: %s" % (ifname, ff))
             check_furl_file_security(ff, self.secure)
             adaptee = self.adaptee
             for i in ifconfig.interface_chain:
                 adaptee = import_item(i)(adaptee)
             d.addCallback(self.register, adaptee, furl_file=ff)
 
     def register(self, empty, ref, furl_file):
         """Register the reference with the FURL file.
 
         The FURL file is created and then moved to make sure that when the
         file appears, the buffer has been flushed and the file closed. This
         is not done if we are re-using FURLS however.
         """
         if self.reuse_furls:
             self.tub.registerReference(ref, furlFile=furl_file)
         else:
             temp_furl_file = get_temp_furlfile(furl_file)
             self.tub.registerReference(ref, furlFile=temp_furl_file)
             os.rename(temp_furl_file, furl_file)
 

IPython/kernel/launcher.py

@@ -1,835 +1,834 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 Facilities for launching IPython processes asynchronously.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 
-from IPython.core.component import Component
+from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
 from IPython.external import Itpl
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import Str, Int, List, Unicode
 from IPython.utils.path import get_ipython_module_path
 from IPython.utils.process import find_cmd, pycmd2argv, FindCmdError
 from IPython.kernel.twistedutil import (
     gatherBoth,
     make_deferred,
     sleep_deferred
 )
 from IPython.kernel.winhpcjob import (
     IPControllerTask, IPEngineTask,
     IPControllerJob, IPEngineSetJob
 )
 
 from twisted.internet import reactor, defer
 from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks
 from twisted.internet.protocol import ProcessProtocol
 from twisted.internet.utils import getProcessOutput
 from twisted.internet.error import ProcessDone, ProcessTerminated
 from twisted.python import log
 from twisted.python.failure import Failure
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Paths to the kernel apps
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 ipcluster_cmd_argv = pycmd2argv(get_ipython_module_path(
     'IPython.kernel.ipclusterapp'
 ))
 
 ipengine_cmd_argv = pycmd2argv(get_ipython_module_path(
     'IPython.kernel.ipengineapp'
 ))
 
 ipcontroller_cmd_argv = pycmd2argv(get_ipython_module_path(
     'IPython.kernel.ipcontrollerapp'
 ))
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Base launchers and errors
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class LauncherError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 class ProcessStateError(LauncherError):
     pass
 
 
 class UnknownStatus(LauncherError):
     pass
 
 
-class BaseLauncher(Component):
+class BaseLauncher(Configurable):
     """An asbtraction for starting, stopping and signaling a process."""
 
     # In all of the launchers, the work_dir is where child processes will be
     # run. This will usually be the cluster_dir, but may not be. any work_dir
     # passed into the __init__ method will override the config value.
     # This should not be used to set the work_dir for the actual engine
     # and controller. Instead, use their own config files or the
     # controller_args, engine_args attributes of the launchers to add
     # the --work-dir option.
     work_dir = Unicode(u'')
 
-    def __init__(self, work_dir, parent=None, name=None, config=None):
-        super(BaseLauncher, self).__init__(parent, name, config)
-        self.work_dir = work_dir
+    def __init__(self, work_dir=u'', config=None):
+        super(BaseLauncher, self).__init__(work_dir=work_dir, config=config)
         self.state = 'before' # can be before, running, after
         self.stop_deferreds = []
         self.start_data = None
         self.stop_data = None
 
     @property
     def args(self):
         """A list of cmd and args that will be used to start the process.
 
         This is what is passed to :func:`spawnProcess` and the first element
         will be the process name.
         """
         return self.find_args()
 
     def find_args(self):
         """The ``.args`` property calls this to find the args list.
 
         Subcommand should implement this to construct the cmd and args.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError('find_args must be implemented in a subclass')
 
     @property
     def arg_str(self):
         """The string form of the program arguments."""
         return ' '.join(self.args)
 
     @property
     def running(self):
         """Am I running."""
         if self.state == 'running':
             return True
         else:
             return False
 
     def start(self):
         """Start the process.
 
         This must return a deferred that fires with information about the
         process starting (like a pid, job id, etc.).
         """
         return defer.fail(
             Failure(NotImplementedError(
                 'start must be implemented in a subclass')
             )
         )
 
     def stop(self):
         """Stop the process and notify observers of stopping.
 
         This must return a deferred that fires with information about the
         processing stopping, like errors that occur while the process is
         attempting to be shut down. This deferred won't fire when the process
         actually stops. To observe the actual process stopping, see
         :func:`observe_stop`.
         """
         return defer.fail(
             Failure(NotImplementedError(
                 'stop must be implemented in a subclass')
             )
         )
 
     def observe_stop(self):
         """Get a deferred that will fire when the process stops.
 
         The deferred will fire with data that contains information about
         the exit status of the process.
         """
         if self.state=='after':
             return defer.succeed(self.stop_data)
         else:
             d = defer.Deferred()
             self.stop_deferreds.append(d)
             return d
 
     def notify_start(self, data):
         """Call this to trigger startup actions.
 
         This logs the process startup and sets the state to 'running'.  It is
         a pass-through so it can be used as a callback.
         """
 
         log.msg('Process %r started: %r' % (self.args[0], data))
         self.start_data = data
         self.state = 'running'
         return data
 
     def notify_stop(self, data):
         """Call this to trigger process stop actions.
 
         This logs the process stopping and sets the state to 'after'. Call
         this to trigger all the deferreds from :func:`observe_stop`."""
 
         log.msg('Process %r stopped: %r' % (self.args[0], data))
         self.stop_data = data
         self.state = 'after'
         for i in range(len(self.stop_deferreds)):
             d = self.stop_deferreds.pop()
             d.callback(data)
         return data
 
     def signal(self, sig):
         """Signal the process.
 
         Return a semi-meaningless deferred after signaling the process.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         sig : str or int
             'KILL', 'INT', etc., or any signal number
         """
         return defer.fail(
             Failure(NotImplementedError(
                 'signal must be implemented in a subclass')
             )
         )
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Local process launchers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class LocalProcessLauncherProtocol(ProcessProtocol):
     """A ProcessProtocol to go with the LocalProcessLauncher."""
 
     def __init__(self, process_launcher):
         self.process_launcher = process_launcher
         self.pid = None
 
     def connectionMade(self):
         self.pid = self.transport.pid
         self.process_launcher.notify_start(self.transport.pid)
 
     def processEnded(self, status):
         value = status.value
         if isinstance(value, ProcessDone):
             self.process_launcher.notify_stop(
                 {'exit_code':0,
                  'signal':None,
                  'status':None,
                  'pid':self.pid
                 }
             )
         elif isinstance(value, ProcessTerminated):
             self.process_launcher.notify_stop(
                 {'exit_code':value.exitCode,
                  'signal':value.signal,
                  'status':value.status,
                  'pid':self.pid
                 }
             )
         else:
             raise UnknownStatus("Unknown exit status, this is probably a "
                                 "bug in Twisted")
 
     def outReceived(self, data):
         log.msg(data)
 
     def errReceived(self, data):
         log.err(data)
 
 
 class LocalProcessLauncher(BaseLauncher):
     """Start and stop an external process in an asynchronous manner.
 
     This will launch the external process with a working directory of
     ``self.work_dir``.
     """
 
     # This is used to to construct self.args, which is passed to 
     # spawnProcess.
     cmd_and_args = List([])
 
-    def __init__(self, work_dir, parent=None, name=None, config=None):
+    def __init__(self, work_dir=u'', config=None):
         super(LocalProcessLauncher, self).__init__(
-            work_dir, parent, name, config
+            work_dir=work_dir, config=config
         )
         self.process_protocol = None
         self.start_deferred = None
 
     def find_args(self):
         return self.cmd_and_args
 
     def start(self):
         if self.state == 'before':
             self.process_protocol = LocalProcessLauncherProtocol(self)
             self.start_deferred = defer.Deferred()
             self.process_transport = reactor.spawnProcess(
                 self.process_protocol,
                 str(self.args[0]),  # twisted expects these to be str, not unicode
                 [str(a) for a in self.args],  # str expected, not unicode
                 env=os.environ,
                 path=self.work_dir  # start in the work_dir
             )
             return self.start_deferred
         else:
             s = 'The process was already started and has state: %r' % self.state
             return defer.fail(ProcessStateError(s))
 
     def notify_start(self, data):
         super(LocalProcessLauncher, self).notify_start(data)
         self.start_deferred.callback(data)
 
     def stop(self):
         return self.interrupt_then_kill()
 
     @make_deferred
     def signal(self, sig):
         if self.state == 'running':
             self.process_transport.signalProcess(sig)
 
     @inlineCallbacks
     def interrupt_then_kill(self, delay=2.0):
         """Send INT, wait a delay and then send KILL."""
         yield self.signal('INT')
         yield sleep_deferred(delay)
         yield self.signal('KILL')
 
 
 class LocalControllerLauncher(LocalProcessLauncher):
     """Launch a controller as a regular external process."""
 
     controller_cmd = List(ipcontroller_cmd_argv, config=True)
     # Command line arguments to ipcontroller.
     controller_args = List(['--log-to-file','--log-level', '40'], config=True)
 
     def find_args(self):
         return self.controller_cmd + self.controller_args
 
     def start(self, cluster_dir):
         """Start the controller by cluster_dir."""
         self.controller_args.extend(['--cluster-dir', cluster_dir])
         self.cluster_dir = unicode(cluster_dir)
         log.msg("Starting LocalControllerLauncher: %r" % self.args)
         return super(LocalControllerLauncher, self).start()
 
 
 class LocalEngineLauncher(LocalProcessLauncher):
     """Launch a single engine as a regular externall process."""
 
     engine_cmd = List(ipengine_cmd_argv, config=True)
     # Command line arguments for ipengine.
     engine_args = List(
         ['--log-to-file','--log-level', '40'], config=True
     )
 
     def find_args(self):
         return self.engine_cmd + self.engine_args
 
     def start(self, cluster_dir):
         """Start the engine by cluster_dir."""
         self.engine_args.extend(['--cluster-dir', cluster_dir])
         self.cluster_dir = unicode(cluster_dir)
         return super(LocalEngineLauncher, self).start()
 
 
 class LocalEngineSetLauncher(BaseLauncher):
     """Launch a set of engines as regular external processes."""
 
     # Command line arguments for ipengine.
     engine_args = List(
         ['--log-to-file','--log-level', '40'], config=True
     )
 
-    def __init__(self, work_dir, parent=None, name=None, config=None):
+    def __init__(self, work_dir=u'', config=None):
         super(LocalEngineSetLauncher, self).__init__(
-            work_dir, parent, name, config
+            work_dir=work_dir, config=config
         )
         self.launchers = []
 
     def start(self, n, cluster_dir):
         """Start n engines by profile or cluster_dir."""
         self.cluster_dir = unicode(cluster_dir)
         dlist = []
         for i in range(n):
-            el = LocalEngineLauncher(self.work_dir, self)
+            el = LocalEngineLauncher(work_dir=self.work_dir, config=self.config)
             # Copy the engine args over to each engine launcher.
             import copy
             el.engine_args = copy.deepcopy(self.engine_args)
             d = el.start(cluster_dir)
             if i==0:
                 log.msg("Starting LocalEngineSetLauncher: %r" % el.args)
             self.launchers.append(el)
             dlist.append(d)
         # The consumeErrors here could be dangerous
         dfinal = gatherBoth(dlist, consumeErrors=True)
         dfinal.addCallback(self.notify_start)
         return dfinal
 
     def find_args(self):
         return ['engine set']
 
     def signal(self, sig):
         dlist = []
         for el in self.launchers:
             d = el.signal(sig)
             dlist.append(d)
         dfinal = gatherBoth(dlist, consumeErrors=True)
         return dfinal
 
     def interrupt_then_kill(self, delay=1.0):
         dlist = []
         for el in self.launchers:
             d = el.interrupt_then_kill(delay)
             dlist.append(d)
         dfinal = gatherBoth(dlist, consumeErrors=True)
         return dfinal
 
     def stop(self):
         return self.interrupt_then_kill()
 
     def observe_stop(self):
         dlist = [el.observe_stop() for el in self.launchers]
         dfinal = gatherBoth(dlist, consumeErrors=False)
         dfinal.addCallback(self.notify_stop)
         return dfinal
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # MPIExec launchers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class MPIExecLauncher(LocalProcessLauncher):
     """Launch an external process using mpiexec."""
 
     # The mpiexec command to use in starting the process.
     mpi_cmd = List(['mpiexec'], config=True)
     # The command line arguments to pass to mpiexec.
     mpi_args = List([], config=True)
     # The program to start using mpiexec.
     program = List(['date'], config=True)
     # The command line argument to the program.
     program_args = List([], config=True)
     # The number of instances of the program to start.
     n = Int(1, config=True)
 
     def find_args(self):
         """Build self.args using all the fields."""
         return self.mpi_cmd + ['-n', self.n] + self.mpi_args + \
                self.program + self.program_args
 
     def start(self, n):
         """Start n instances of the program using mpiexec."""
         self.n = n
         return super(MPIExecLauncher, self).start()
 
 
 class MPIExecControllerLauncher(MPIExecLauncher):
     """Launch a controller using mpiexec."""
 
     controller_cmd = List(ipcontroller_cmd_argv, config=True)
     # Command line arguments to ipcontroller.
     controller_args = List(['--log-to-file','--log-level', '40'], config=True)
     n = Int(1, config=False)
 
     def start(self, cluster_dir):
         """Start the controller by cluster_dir."""
         self.controller_args.extend(['--cluster-dir', cluster_dir])
         self.cluster_dir = unicode(cluster_dir)
         log.msg("Starting MPIExecControllerLauncher: %r" % self.args)
         return super(MPIExecControllerLauncher, self).start(1)
 
     def find_args(self):
         return self.mpi_cmd + ['-n', self.n] + self.mpi_args + \
                self.controller_cmd + self.controller_args
 
 
 class MPIExecEngineSetLauncher(MPIExecLauncher):
 
     engine_cmd = List(ipengine_cmd_argv, config=True)
     # Command line arguments for ipengine.
     engine_args = List(
         ['--log-to-file','--log-level', '40'], config=True
     )
     n = Int(1, config=True)
 
     def start(self, n, cluster_dir):
         """Start n engines by profile or cluster_dir."""
         self.engine_args.extend(['--cluster-dir', cluster_dir])
         self.cluster_dir = unicode(cluster_dir)
         self.n = n
         log.msg('Starting MPIExecEngineSetLauncher: %r' % self.args)
         return super(MPIExecEngineSetLauncher, self).start(n)
 
     def find_args(self):
         return self.mpi_cmd + ['-n', self.n] + self.mpi_args + \
                self.engine_cmd + self.engine_args
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # SSH launchers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # TODO: Get SSH Launcher working again.
 
 class SSHLauncher(BaseLauncher):
     """A minimal launcher for ssh.
 
     To be useful this will probably have to be extended to use the ``sshx``
     idea for environment variables.  There could be other things this needs
     as well.
     """
 
     ssh_cmd = List(['ssh'], config=True)
     ssh_args = List([], config=True)
     program = List(['date'], config=True)
     program_args = List([], config=True)
     hostname = Str('', config=True)
     user = Str('', config=True)
     location = Str('')
 
     def _hostname_changed(self, name, old, new):
         self.location = '%s@%s' % (self.user, new)
 
     def _user_changed(self, name, old, new):
         self.location = '%s@%s' % (new, self.hostname)
 
     def find_args(self):
         return self.ssh_cmd + self.ssh_args + [self.location] + \
                self.program + self.program_args
 
     def start(self, n, hostname=None, user=None):
         if hostname is not None:
             self.hostname = hostname
         if user is not None:
             self.user = user
         return super(SSHLauncher, self).start()
 
 
 class SSHControllerLauncher(SSHLauncher):
     pass
 
 
 class SSHEngineSetLauncher(BaseLauncher):
     pass
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Windows HPC Server 2008 scheduler launchers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 # This is only used on Windows.
 def find_job_cmd():
     if os.name=='nt':
         try:
             return find_cmd('job')
         except FindCmdError:
             return 'job'
     else:
         return 'job'
 
 
 class WindowsHPCLauncher(BaseLauncher):
 
     # A regular expression used to get the job id from the output of the 
     # submit_command.
     job_id_regexp = Str(r'\d+', config=True)
     # The filename of the instantiated job script.
     job_file_name = Unicode(u'ipython_job.xml', config=True)
     # The full path to the instantiated job script. This gets made dynamically
     # by combining the work_dir with the job_file_name.
     job_file = Unicode(u'')
     # The hostname of the scheduler to submit the job to
     scheduler = Str('', config=True)
     job_cmd = Str(find_job_cmd(), config=True)
 
-    def __init__(self, work_dir, parent=None, name=None, config=None):
+    def __init__(self, work_dir=u'', config=None):
         super(WindowsHPCLauncher, self).__init__(
-            work_dir, parent, name, config
+            work_dir=work_dir, config=config
         )
 
     @property
     def job_file(self):
         return os.path.join(self.work_dir, self.job_file_name)
 
     def write_job_file(self, n):
         raise NotImplementedError("Implement write_job_file in a subclass.")
 
     def find_args(self):
         return ['job.exe']
         
     def parse_job_id(self, output):
         """Take the output of the submit command and return the job id."""
         m = re.search(self.job_id_regexp, output)
         if m is not None:
             job_id = m.group()
         else:
             raise LauncherError("Job id couldn't be determined: %s" % output)
         self.job_id = job_id
         log.msg('Job started with job id: %r' % job_id)
         return job_id
 
     @inlineCallbacks
     def start(self, n):
         """Start n copies of the process using the Win HPC job scheduler."""
         self.write_job_file(n)
         args = [
             'submit',
             '/jobfile:%s' % self.job_file,
             '/scheduler:%s' % self.scheduler
         ]
         log.msg("Starting Win HPC Job: %s" % (self.job_cmd + ' ' + ' '.join(args),))
         # Twisted will raise DeprecationWarnings if we try to pass unicode to this
         output = yield getProcessOutput(str(self.job_cmd),
             [str(a) for a in args],
             env=dict((str(k),str(v)) for k,v in os.environ.items()),
             path=self.work_dir
         )
         job_id = self.parse_job_id(output)
         self.notify_start(job_id)
         defer.returnValue(job_id)
 
     @inlineCallbacks
     def stop(self):
         args = [
             'cancel',
             self.job_id,
             '/scheduler:%s' % self.scheduler
         ]
         log.msg("Stopping Win HPC Job: %s" % (self.job_cmd + ' ' + ' '.join(args),))
         try:
             # Twisted will raise DeprecationWarnings if we try to pass unicode to this
             output = yield getProcessOutput(str(self.job_cmd),
                 [str(a) for a in args],
                 env=dict((str(k),str(v)) for k,v in os.environ.items()),
                 path=self.work_dir
             )
         except:
             output = 'The job already appears to be stoppped: %r' % self.job_id
         self.notify_stop(output)  # Pass the output of the kill cmd
         defer.returnValue(output)
 
 
 class WindowsHPCControllerLauncher(WindowsHPCLauncher):
 
     job_file_name = Unicode(u'ipcontroller_job.xml', config=True)
     extra_args = List([], config=False)
 
     def write_job_file(self, n):
-        job = IPControllerJob(self)
+        job = IPControllerJob(config=self.config)
 
-        t = IPControllerTask(self)
+        t = IPControllerTask(config=self.config)
         # The tasks work directory is *not* the actual work directory of 
         # the controller. It is used as the base path for the stdout/stderr
         # files that the scheduler redirects to.
         t.work_directory = self.cluster_dir
         # Add the --cluster-dir and from self.start().
         t.controller_args.extend(self.extra_args)
         job.add_task(t)
 
         log.msg("Writing job description file: %s" % self.job_file)
         job.write(self.job_file)
 
     @property
     def job_file(self):
         return os.path.join(self.cluster_dir, self.job_file_name)
 
     def start(self, cluster_dir):
         """Start the controller by cluster_dir."""
         self.extra_args = ['--cluster-dir', cluster_dir]
         self.cluster_dir = unicode(cluster_dir)
         return super(WindowsHPCControllerLauncher, self).start(1)
 
 
 class WindowsHPCEngineSetLauncher(WindowsHPCLauncher):
 
     job_file_name = Unicode(u'ipengineset_job.xml', config=True)
     extra_args = List([], config=False)
 
     def write_job_file(self, n):
-        job = IPEngineSetJob(self)
+        job = IPEngineSetJob(config=self.config)
 
         for i in range(n):
-            t = IPEngineTask(self)
+            t = IPEngineTask(config=self.config)
             # The tasks work directory is *not* the actual work directory of 
             # the engine. It is used as the base path for the stdout/stderr
             # files that the scheduler redirects to.
             t.work_directory = self.cluster_dir
             # Add the --cluster-dir and from self.start().
             t.engine_args.extend(self.extra_args)
             job.add_task(t)
 
         log.msg("Writing job description file: %s" % self.job_file)
         job.write(self.job_file)
 
     @property
     def job_file(self):
         return os.path.join(self.cluster_dir, self.job_file_name)
 
     def start(self, n, cluster_dir):
         """Start the controller by cluster_dir."""
         self.extra_args = ['--cluster-dir', cluster_dir]
         self.cluster_dir = unicode(cluster_dir)
         return super(WindowsHPCEngineSetLauncher, self).start(n)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Batch (PBS) system launchers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # TODO: Get PBS launcher working again.
 
 class BatchSystemLauncher(BaseLauncher):
     """Launch an external process using a batch system.
 
     This class is designed to work with UNIX batch systems like PBS, LSF,
     GridEngine, etc.  The overall model is that there are different commands
     like qsub, qdel, etc. that handle the starting and stopping of the process.
 
     This class also has the notion of a batch script. The ``batch_template``
     attribute can be set to a string that is a template for the batch script.
     This template is instantiated using Itpl. Thus the template can use
     ${n} fot the number of instances. Subclasses can add additional variables
     to the template dict.
     """
 
     # Subclasses must fill these in.  See PBSEngineSet
     # The name of the command line program used to submit jobs.
     submit_command = Str('', config=True)
     # The name of the command line program used to delete jobs.
     delete_command = Str('', config=True)
     # A regular expression used to get the job id from the output of the 
     # submit_command.
     job_id_regexp = Str('', config=True)
     # The string that is the batch script template itself.
     batch_template = Str('', config=True)
     # The filename of the instantiated batch script.
     batch_file_name = Unicode(u'batch_script', config=True)
     # The full path to the instantiated batch script.
     batch_file = Unicode(u'')
 
-    def __init__(self, work_dir, parent=None, name=None, config=None):
+    def __init__(self, work_dir=u'', config=None):
         super(BatchSystemLauncher, self).__init__(
-            work_dir, parent, name, config
+            work_dir=work_dir, config=config
         )
         self.batch_file = os.path.join(self.work_dir, self.batch_file_name)
         self.context = {}
 
     def parse_job_id(self, output):
         """Take the output of the submit command and return the job id."""
         m = re.match(self.job_id_regexp, output)
         if m is not None:
             job_id = m.group()
         else:
             raise LauncherError("Job id couldn't be determined: %s" % output)
         self.job_id = job_id
         log.msg('Job started with job id: %r' % job_id)
         return job_id
 
     def write_batch_script(self, n):
         """Instantiate and write the batch script to the work_dir."""
         self.context['n'] = n
         script_as_string = Itpl.itplns(self.batch_template, self.context)
         log.msg('Writing instantiated batch script: %s' % self.batch_file)
         f = open(self.batch_file, 'w')
         f.write(script_as_string)
         f.close()
 
     @inlineCallbacks
     def start(self, n):
         """Start n copies of the process using a batch system."""
         self.write_batch_script(n)
         output = yield getProcessOutput(self.submit_command,
             [self.batch_file], env=os.environ)
         job_id = self.parse_job_id(output)
         self.notify_start(job_id)
         defer.returnValue(job_id)
 
     @inlineCallbacks
     def stop(self):
         output = yield getProcessOutput(self.delete_command,
             [self.job_id], env=os.environ
         )
         self.notify_stop(output)  # Pass the output of the kill cmd
         defer.returnValue(output)
 
 
 class PBSLauncher(BatchSystemLauncher):
     """A BatchSystemLauncher subclass for PBS."""
 
     submit_command = Str('qsub', config=True)
     delete_command = Str('qdel', config=True)
     job_id_regexp = Str(r'\d+', config=True)
     batch_template = Str('', config=True)
     batch_file_name = Unicode(u'pbs_batch_script', config=True)
     batch_file = Unicode(u'')
 
 
 class PBSControllerLauncher(PBSLauncher):
     """Launch a controller using PBS."""
 
     batch_file_name = Unicode(u'pbs_batch_script_controller', config=True)
 
     def start(self, cluster_dir):
         """Start the controller by profile or cluster_dir."""
         # Here we save profile and cluster_dir in the context so they
         # can be used in the batch script template as ${profile} and
         # ${cluster_dir}
         self.context['cluster_dir'] = cluster_dir
         self.cluster_dir = unicode(cluster_dir)
         log.msg("Starting PBSControllerLauncher: %r" % self.args)
         return super(PBSControllerLauncher, self).start(1)
 
 
 class PBSEngineSetLauncher(PBSLauncher):
 
     batch_file_name = Unicode(u'pbs_batch_script_engines', config=True)
 
     def start(self, n, cluster_dir):
         """Start n engines by profile or cluster_dir."""
         self.program_args.extend(['--cluster-dir', cluster_dir])
         self.cluster_dir = unicode(cluster_dir)
         log.msg('Starting PBSEngineSetLauncher: %r' % self.args)
         return super(PBSEngineSetLauncher, self).start(n)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # A launcher for ipcluster itself!
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class IPClusterLauncher(LocalProcessLauncher):
     """Launch the ipcluster program in an external process."""
 
     ipcluster_cmd = List(ipcluster_cmd_argv, config=True)
     # Command line arguments to pass to ipcluster.
     ipcluster_args = List(
         ['--clean-logs', '--log-to-file', '--log-level', '40'], config=True)
     ipcluster_subcommand = Str('start')
     ipcluster_n = Int(2)
 
     def find_args(self):
         return self.ipcluster_cmd + [self.ipcluster_subcommand] + \
             ['-n', repr(self.ipcluster_n)] + self.ipcluster_args
 
     def start(self):
         log.msg("Starting ipcluster: %r" % self.args)
         return super(IPClusterLauncher, self).start()