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1 | 1 | ======================= |
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2 | 2 | Specific config details |
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3 | 3 | ======================= |
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4 | 4 | |
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5 | 5 | .. _custom_prompts: |
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6 | 6 | |
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7 | 7 | Custom Prompts |
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8 | 8 | ============== |
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9 | 9 | |
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10 | 10 | .. versionchanged:: 5.0 |
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11 | 11 | |
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12 | 12 | From IPython 5, prompts are produced as a list of Pygments tokens, which are |
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13 | 13 | tuples of (token_type, text). You can customise prompts by writing a method |
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14 | 14 | which generates a list of tokens. |
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15 | 15 | |
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16 | 16 | There are four kinds of prompt: |
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17 | 17 | |
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18 | 18 | * The **in** prompt is shown before the first line of input |
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19 | 19 | (default like ``In [1]:``). |
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20 | 20 | * The **continuation** prompt is shown before further lines of input |
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21 | 21 | (default like ``...:``). |
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22 | 22 | * The **rewrite** prompt is shown to highlight how special syntax has been |
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23 | 23 | interpreted (default like ``----->``). |
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24 | 24 | * The **out** prompt is shown before the result from evaluating the input |
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25 | 25 | (default like ``Out[1]:``). |
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26 | 26 | |
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27 | 27 | Custom prompts are supplied together as a class. If you want to customise only |
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28 | 28 | some of the prompts, inherit from :class:`IPython.terminal.prompts.Prompts`, |
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29 | 29 | which defines the defaults. The required interface is like this: |
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30 | 30 | |
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31 | 31 | .. class:: MyPrompts(shell) |
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32 | 32 | |
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33 | 33 | Prompt style definition. *shell* is a reference to the |
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34 | 34 | :class:`~.TerminalInteractiveShell` instance. |
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35 | 35 | |
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36 | 36 | .. method:: in_prompt_tokens(cli=None) |
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37 | 37 | continuation_prompt_tokens(self, cli=None, width=None) |
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38 | 38 | rewrite_prompt_tokens() |
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39 | 39 | out_prompt_tokens() |
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40 | 40 | |
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41 | 41 | Return the respective prompts as lists of ``(token_type, text)`` tuples. |
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42 | 42 | |
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43 | 43 | For continuation prompts, *width* is an integer representing the width of |
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44 | 44 | the prompt area in terminal columns. |
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45 | 45 | |
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46 | 46 | *cli*, where used, is the prompt_toolkit ``CommandLineInterface`` instance. |
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47 | 47 | This is mainly for compatibility with the API prompt_toolkit expects. |
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48 | 48 | |
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49 | 49 | Here is an example Prompt class that will show the current working directory |
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50 | 50 | in the input prompt: |
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51 | 51 | |
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52 | 52 | .. code-block:: python |
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53 | 53 | |
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54 | 54 | from IPython.terminal.prompts import Prompts, Token |
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55 | 55 | import os |
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56 | 56 | |
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57 | 57 | class MyPrompt(Prompts): |
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58 | 58 | def in_prompt_tokens(self, cli=None): |
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59 | 59 | return [(Token, os.getcwd()), |
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60 | 60 | (Token.Prompt, ' >>>')] |
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61 | 61 | |
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62 | 62 | To set the new prompt, assign it to the ``prompts`` attribute of the IPython |
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63 | 63 | shell: |
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64 | 64 | |
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65 | 65 | .. code-block:: python |
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66 | 66 | |
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67 | 67 | In [2]: ip = get_ipython() |
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68 | 68 | ...: ip.prompts = MyPrompt(ip) |
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69 | 69 | |
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70 | 70 | /home/bob >>> # it works |
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71 | 71 | |
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72 |
See ``IPython/example/utils/cwd_prompt.py`` for an example of how to write |
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72 | See ``IPython/example/utils/cwd_prompt.py`` for an example of how to write | |
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73 | 73 | extensions to customise prompts. |
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74 | 74 | |
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75 | 75 | Inside IPython or in a startup script, you can use a custom prompts class |
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76 | 76 | by setting ``get_ipython().prompts`` to an *instance* of the class. |
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77 | 77 | In configuration, ``TerminalInteractiveShell.prompts_class`` may be set to |
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78 | 78 | either the class object, or a string of its full importable name. |
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79 | 79 | |
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80 | 80 | To include invisible terminal control sequences in a prompt, use |
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81 | 81 | ``Token.ZeroWidthEscape`` as the token type. Tokens with this type are ignored |
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82 | 82 | when calculating the width. |
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83 | 83 | |
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84 | 84 | Colours in the prompt are determined by the token types and the highlighting |
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85 | 85 | style; see below for more details. The tokens used in the default prompts are |
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86 | 86 | ``Prompt``, ``PromptNum``, ``OutPrompt`` and ``OutPromptNum``. |
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87 | 87 | |
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88 | 88 | .. _termcolour: |
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89 | 89 | |
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90 | 90 | Terminal Colors |
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91 | 91 | =============== |
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92 | 92 | |
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93 | 93 | .. versionchanged:: 5.0 |
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94 | 94 | |
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95 | 95 | There are two main configuration options controlling colours. |
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96 | 96 | |
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97 | 97 | ``InteractiveShell.colors`` sets the colour of tracebacks and object info (the |
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98 | 98 | output from e.g. ``zip?``). It may also affect other things if the option below |
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99 | 99 | is set to ``'legacy'``. It has four case-insensitive values: |
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100 | 100 | ``'nocolor', 'neutral', 'linux', 'lightbg'``. The default is *neutral*, which |
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101 | 101 | should be legible on either dark or light terminal backgrounds. *linux* is |
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102 | 102 | optimised for dark backgrounds and *lightbg* for light ones. |
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103 | 103 | |
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104 | 104 | ``TerminalInteractiveShell.highlighting_style`` determines prompt colours and |
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105 | 105 | syntax highlighting. It takes the name (as a string) or class (as a subclass of |
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106 | 106 | ``pygments.style.Style``) of a Pygments style, or the special value ``'legacy'`` |
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107 | 107 | to pick a style in accordance with ``InteractiveShell.colors``. |
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108 | 108 | |
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109 | 109 | You can see the Pygments styles available on your system by running:: |
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110 | 110 | |
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111 | 111 | import pygments |
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112 | 112 | list(pygments.styles.get_all_styles()) |
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113 | 113 | |
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114 | 114 | Additionally, ``TerminalInteractiveShell.highlighting_style_overrides`` can override |
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115 | 115 | specific styles in the highlighting. It should be a dictionary mapping Pygments |
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116 | 116 | token types to strings defining the style. See `Pygments' documentation |
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117 | 117 | <http://pygments.org/docs/styles/#creating-own-styles>`__ for the language used |
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118 | 118 | to define styles. |
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119 | 119 | |
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120 | 120 | Colors in the pager |
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121 | 121 | ------------------- |
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122 | 122 | |
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123 | 123 | On some systems, the default pager has problems with ANSI colour codes. |
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124 | 124 | To configure your default pager to allow these: |
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125 | 125 | |
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126 | 126 | 1. Set the environment PAGER variable to ``less``. |
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127 | 127 | 2. Set the environment LESS variable to ``-r`` (plus any other options |
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128 | 128 | you always want to pass to less by default). This tells less to |
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129 | 129 | properly interpret control sequences, which is how color |
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130 | 130 | information is given to your terminal. |
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131 | 131 | |
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132 | 132 | .. _editors: |
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133 | 133 | |
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134 | 134 | Editor configuration |
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135 | 135 | ==================== |
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136 | 136 | |
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137 | 137 | IPython can integrate with text editors in a number of different ways: |
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138 | 138 | |
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139 | 139 | * Editors (such as `(X)Emacs`_, vim_ and TextMate_) can |
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140 | 140 | send code to IPython for execution. |
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141 | 141 | |
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142 | 142 | * IPython's ``%edit`` magic command can open an editor of choice to edit |
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143 | 143 | a code block. |
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144 | 144 | |
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145 | 145 | The %edit command (and its alias %ed) will invoke the editor set in your |
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146 | 146 | environment as :envvar:`EDITOR`. If this variable is not set, it will default |
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147 | 147 | to vi under Linux/Unix and to notepad under Windows. You may want to set this |
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148 | 148 | variable properly and to a lightweight editor which doesn't take too long to |
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149 | 149 | start (that is, something other than a new instance of Emacs). This way you |
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150 | 150 | can edit multi-line code quickly and with the power of a real editor right |
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151 | 151 | inside IPython. |
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152 | 152 | |
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153 | 153 | You can also control the editor by setting :attr:`TerminalInteractiveShell.editor` |
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154 | 154 | in :file:`ipython_config.py`. |
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155 | 155 | |
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156 | 156 | Vim |
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157 | 157 | --- |
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158 | 158 | |
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159 | 159 | Paul Ivanov's `vim-ipython <https://github.com/ivanov/vim-ipython>`_ provides |
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160 | 160 | powerful IPython integration for vim. |
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161 | 161 | |
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162 | 162 | .. _emacs: |
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163 | 163 | |
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164 | 164 | (X)Emacs |
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165 | 165 | -------- |
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166 | 166 | |
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167 | 167 | If you are a dedicated Emacs user, and want to use Emacs when IPython's |
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168 | 168 | ``%edit`` magic command is called you should set up the Emacs server so that |
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169 | 169 | new requests are handled by the original process. This means that almost no |
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170 | 170 | time is spent in handling the request (assuming an Emacs process is already |
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171 | 171 | running). For this to work, you need to set your EDITOR environment variable |
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172 | 172 | to 'emacsclient'. The code below, supplied by Francois Pinard, can then be |
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173 | 173 | used in your :file:`.emacs` file to enable the server: |
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174 | 174 | |
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175 | 175 | .. code-block:: common-lisp |
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176 | 176 | |
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177 | 177 | (defvar server-buffer-clients) |
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178 | 178 | (when (and (fboundp 'server-start) (string-equal (getenv "TERM") 'xterm)) |
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179 | 179 | (server-start) |
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180 | 180 | (defun fp-kill-server-with-buffer-routine () |
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181 | 181 | (and server-buffer-clients (server-done))) |
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182 | 182 | (add-hook 'kill-buffer-hook 'fp-kill-server-with-buffer-routine)) |
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183 | 183 | |
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184 | 184 | Thanks to the work of Alexander Schmolck and Prabhu Ramachandran, |
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185 | 185 | currently (X)Emacs and IPython get along very well in other ways. |
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186 | 186 | |
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187 | 187 | With (X)EMacs >= 24, You can enable IPython in python-mode with: |
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188 | 188 | |
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189 | 189 | .. code-block:: common-lisp |
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190 | 190 | |
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191 | 191 | (require 'python) |
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192 | 192 | (setq python-shell-interpreter "ipython") |
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193 | 193 | |
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194 | 194 | .. _`(X)Emacs`: http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/ |
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195 | 195 | .. _TextMate: http://macromates.com/ |
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196 | 196 | .. _vim: http://www.vim.org/ |
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197 | 197 | |
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198 | 198 | .. _custom_keyboard_shortcuts: |
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199 | 199 | |
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200 | 200 | Keyboard Shortcuts |
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201 | 201 | ================== |
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202 | 202 | |
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203 | 203 | .. versionchanged:: 5.0 |
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204 | 204 | |
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205 | 205 | You can customise keyboard shortcuts for terminal IPython. Put code like this in |
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206 | 206 | a :ref:`startup file <startup_files>`:: |
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207 | 207 | |
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208 | 208 | from IPython import get_ipython |
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209 | 209 | from prompt_toolkit.enums import DEFAULT_BUFFER |
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210 | 210 | from prompt_toolkit.keys import Keys |
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211 | 211 | from prompt_toolkit.filters import HasFocus, HasSelection, ViInsertMode, EmacsInsertMode |
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212 | 212 | |
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213 | 213 | ip = get_ipython() |
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214 | 214 | insert_mode = ViInsertMode() | EmacsInsertMode() |
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215 | 215 | |
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216 | 216 | def insert_unexpected(event): |
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217 | 217 | buf = event.current_buffer |
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218 | 218 | buf.insert_text('The Spanish Inquisition') |
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219 | 219 | # Register the shortcut if IPython is using prompt_toolkit |
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220 | 220 | if getattr(ip, 'pt_app', None): |
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221 | 221 | registry = ip.pt_app.key_bindings |
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222 | 222 | registry.add_binding(Keys.ControlN, |
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223 | 223 | filter=(HasFocus(DEFAULT_BUFFER) |
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224 | 224 | & ~HasSelection() |
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225 | 225 | & insert_mode))(insert_unexpected) |
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226 | 226 | |
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227 | 227 | |
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228 | 228 | Here is a second example that bind the key sequence ``j``, ``k`` to switch to |
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229 | 229 | VI input mode to ``Normal`` when in insert mode:: |
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230 | 230 | |
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231 | 231 | from IPython import get_ipython |
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232 | 232 | from prompt_toolkit.enums import DEFAULT_BUFFER |
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233 | 233 | from prompt_toolkit.filters import HasFocus, ViInsertMode |
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234 | 234 | from prompt_toolkit.key_binding.vi_state import InputMode |
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235 | 235 | |
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236 | 236 | ip = get_ipython() |
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237 | 237 | |
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238 | 238 | def switch_to_navigation_mode(event): |
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239 | 239 | vi_state = event.cli.vi_state |
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240 | 240 | vi_state.input_mode = InputMode.NAVIGATION |
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241 | 241 | |
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242 | 242 | if getattr(ip, 'pt_app', None): |
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243 | 243 | registry = ip.pt_app.key_bindings |
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244 | 244 | registry.add_binding(u'j',u'k', |
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245 | 245 | filter=(HasFocus(DEFAULT_BUFFER) |
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246 | 246 | & ViInsertMode()))(switch_to_navigation_mode) |
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247 | 247 | |
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248 | 248 | For more information on filters and what you can do with the ``event`` object, |
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249 | 249 | `see the prompt_toolkit docs |
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250 | 250 | <https://python-prompt-toolkit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pages/asking_for_input.html#adding-custom-key-bindings>`__. |
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251 | 251 | |
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252 | 252 | |
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253 | 253 | Enter to execute |
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254 | 254 | ---------------- |
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255 | 255 | |
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256 | 256 | In the Terminal IPython shell βΒ which by default uses the ``prompt_toolkit`` |
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257 | 257 | interface, the semantic meaning of pressing the :kbd:`Enter` key can be |
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258 | 258 | ambiguous. In some case :kbd:`Enter` should execute code, and in others it |
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259 | 259 | should add a new line. IPython uses heuristics to decide whether to execute or |
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260 | 260 | insert a new line at cursor position. For example, if we detect that the current |
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261 | 261 | code is not valid Python, then the user is likely editing code and the right |
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262 | 262 | behavior is to likely to insert a new line. If the current code is a simple |
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263 | 263 | statement like `ord('*')`, then the right behavior is likely to execute. Though |
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264 | 264 | the exact desired semantics often varies from users to users. |
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265 | 265 | |
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266 | 266 | As the exact behavior of :kbd:`Enter` is ambiguous, it has been special cased |
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267 | 267 | to allow users to completely configure the behavior they like. Hence you can |
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268 | 268 | have enter always execute code. If you prefer fancier behavior, you need to get |
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269 | 269 | your hands dirty and read the ``prompt_toolkit`` and IPython documentation |
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270 | 270 | though. See :ghpull:`10500`, set the |
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271 | 271 | ``c.TerminalInteractiveShell.handle_return`` option and get inspiration from the |
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272 | 272 | following example that only auto-executes the input if it begins with a bang or |
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273 | 273 | a modulo character (``!`` or ``%``). To use the following code, add it to your |
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274 | 274 | IPython configuration:: |
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275 | 275 | |
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276 | 276 | def custom_return(shell): |
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277 | 277 | |
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278 | 278 | """This function is required by the API. It takes a reference to |
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279 | 279 | the shell, which is the same thing `get_ipython()` evaluates to. |
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280 | 280 | This function must return a function that handles each keypress |
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281 | 281 | event. That function, named `handle` here, references `shell` |
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282 | 282 | by closure.""" |
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283 | 283 | |
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284 | 284 | def handle(event): |
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285 | 285 | |
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286 | 286 | """This function is called each time `Enter` is pressed, |
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287 | 287 | and takes a reference to a Prompt Toolkit event object. |
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288 | 288 | If the current input starts with a bang or modulo, then |
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289 | 289 | the input is executed, otherwise a newline is entered, |
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290 | 290 | followed by any spaces needed to auto-indent.""" |
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291 | 291 | |
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292 | 292 | # set up a few handy references to nested items... |
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293 | 293 | |
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294 | 294 | buffer = event.current_buffer |
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295 | 295 | document = buffer.document |
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296 | 296 | text = document.text |
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297 | 297 | |
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298 | 298 | if text.startswith('!') or text.startswith('%'): # execute the input... |
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299 | 299 | |
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300 | 300 | buffer.accept_action.validate_and_handle(event.cli, buffer) |
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301 | 301 | |
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302 | 302 | else: # insert a newline with auto-indentation... |
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303 | 303 | |
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304 | 304 | if document.line_count > 1: text = text[:document.cursor_position] |
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305 | 305 | indent = shell.check_complete(text)[1] |
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306 | 306 | buffer.insert_text('\n' + indent) |
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307 | 307 | |
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308 | 308 | # if you just wanted a plain newline without any indentation, you |
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309 | 309 | # could use `buffer.insert_text('\n')` instead of the lines above |
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310 | 310 | |
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311 | 311 | return handle |
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312 | 312 | |
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313 | 313 | c.TerminalInteractiveShell.handle_return = custom_return |
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