Allow to configure lazy loadable magics.

While we encourage load_ipython_ext to be lazy and not take too much
resources, it might not be practical especially when the top level
module takes a long time to import.

Here we allow to define a mapping between magics names and extension
name, and on attempt to execute a non-existing magics we'll look into
the lazy mapping and try to load it.

We also add a helper to let us interactively register a magic lazily,
see the `register_lazy()` method of to magics_manager

IPython/core/magic.py

@@ -1,700 +1,746 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 """Magic functions for InteractiveShell.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]> and
 #  Copyright (C) 2001 Fernando Perez <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright (C) 2008 The IPython Development Team
 
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 from getopt import getopt, GetoptError
 
 from traitlets.config.configurable import Configurable
 from . import oinspect
 from .error import UsageError
 from .inputtransformer2 import ESC_MAGIC, ESC_MAGIC2
 from ..utils.ipstruct import Struct
 from ..utils.process import arg_split
 from ..utils.text import dedent
 from traitlets import Bool, Dict, Instance, observe
 from logging import error
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # A dict we'll use for each class that has magics, used as temporary storage to
 # pass information between the @line/cell_magic method decorators and the
 # @magics_class class decorator, because the method decorators have no
 # access to the class when they run.  See for more details:
 # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2366713/can-a-python-decorator-of-an-instance-method-access-the-class
 
 magics = dict(line={}, cell={})
 
 magic_kinds = ('line', 'cell')
 magic_spec = ('line', 'cell', 'line_cell')
 magic_escapes = dict(line=ESC_MAGIC, cell=ESC_MAGIC2)
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utility classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class Bunch: pass
 
 
 def on_off(tag):
     """Return an ON/OFF string for a 1/0 input. Simple utility function."""
     return ['OFF','ON'][tag]
 
 
 def compress_dhist(dh):
     """Compress a directory history into a new one with at most 20 entries.
 
     Return a new list made from the first and last 10 elements of dhist after
     removal of duplicates.
     """
     head, tail = dh[:-10], dh[-10:]
 
     newhead = []
     done = set()
     for h in head:
         if h in done:
             continue
         newhead.append(h)
         done.add(h)
 
     return newhead + tail
 
 
 def needs_local_scope(func):
     """Decorator to mark magic functions which need to local scope to run."""
     func.needs_local_scope = True
     return func
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Class and method decorators for registering magics
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def magics_class(cls):
     """Class decorator for all subclasses of the main Magics class.
 
     Any class that subclasses Magics *must* also apply this decorator, to
     ensure that all the methods that have been decorated as line/cell magics
     get correctly registered in the class instance.  This is necessary because
     when method decorators run, the class does not exist yet, so they
     temporarily store their information into a module global.  Application of
     this class decorator copies that global data to the class instance and
     clears the global.
 
     Obviously, this mechanism is not thread-safe, which means that the
     *creation* of subclasses of Magic should only be done in a single-thread
     context.  Instantiation of the classes has no restrictions.  Given that
     these classes are typically created at IPython startup time and before user
     application code becomes active, in practice this should not pose any
     problems.
     """
     cls.registered = True
     cls.magics = dict(line = magics['line'],
                       cell = magics['cell'])
     magics['line'] = {}
     magics['cell'] = {}
     return cls
 
 
 def record_magic(dct, magic_kind, magic_name, func):
     """Utility function to store a function as a magic of a specific kind.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     dct : dict
         A dictionary with 'line' and 'cell' subdicts.
     magic_kind : str
         Kind of magic to be stored.
     magic_name : str
         Key to store the magic as.
     func : function
         Callable object to store.
     """
     if magic_kind == 'line_cell':
         dct['line'][magic_name] = dct['cell'][magic_name] = func
     else:
         dct[magic_kind][magic_name] = func
 
 
 def validate_type(magic_kind):
     """Ensure that the given magic_kind is valid.
 
     Check that the given magic_kind is one of the accepted spec types (stored
     in the global `magic_spec`), raise ValueError otherwise.
     """
     if magic_kind not in magic_spec:
         raise ValueError('magic_kind must be one of %s, %s given' %
                          magic_kinds, magic_kind)
 
 
 # The docstrings for the decorator below will be fairly similar for the two
 # types (method and function), so we generate them here once and reuse the
 # templates below.
 _docstring_template = \
 """Decorate the given {0} as {1} magic.
 
 The decorator can be used with or without arguments, as follows.
 
 i) without arguments: it will create a {1} magic named as the {0} being
 decorated::
 
     @deco
     def foo(...)
 
 will create a {1} magic named `foo`.
 
 ii) with one string argument: which will be used as the actual name of the
 resulting magic::
 
     @deco('bar')
     def foo(...)
 
 will create a {1} magic named `bar`.
 
 To register a class magic use ``Interactiveshell.register_magic(class or instance)``.
 """
 
 # These two are decorator factories.  While they are conceptually very similar,
 # there are enough differences in the details that it's simpler to have them
 # written as completely standalone functions rather than trying to share code
 # and make a single one with convoluted logic.
 
 def _method_magic_marker(magic_kind):
     """Decorator factory for methods in Magics subclasses.
     """
 
     validate_type(magic_kind)
 
     # This is a closure to capture the magic_kind.  We could also use a class,
     # but it's overkill for just that one bit of state.
     def magic_deco(arg):
         if callable(arg):
             # "Naked" decorator call (just @foo, no args)
             func = arg
             name = func.__name__
             retval = arg
             record_magic(magics, magic_kind, name, name)
         elif isinstance(arg, str):
             # Decorator called with arguments (@foo('bar'))
             name = arg
             def mark(func, *a, **kw):
                 record_magic(magics, magic_kind, name, func.__name__)
                 return func
             retval = mark
         else:
             raise TypeError("Decorator can only be called with "
                             "string or function")
         return retval
 
     # Ensure the resulting decorator has a usable docstring
     magic_deco.__doc__ = _docstring_template.format('method', magic_kind)
     return magic_deco
 
 
 def _function_magic_marker(magic_kind):
     """Decorator factory for standalone functions.
     """
     validate_type(magic_kind)
     
     # This is a closure to capture the magic_kind.  We could also use a class,
     # but it's overkill for just that one bit of state.
     def magic_deco(arg):
         # Find get_ipython() in the caller's namespace
         caller = sys._getframe(1)
         for ns in ['f_locals', 'f_globals', 'f_builtins']:
             get_ipython = getattr(caller, ns).get('get_ipython')
             if get_ipython is not None:
                 break
         else:
             raise NameError('Decorator can only run in context where '
                             '`get_ipython` exists')
 
         ip = get_ipython()
 
         if callable(arg):
             # "Naked" decorator call (just @foo, no args)
             func = arg
             name = func.__name__
             ip.register_magic_function(func, magic_kind, name)
             retval = arg
         elif isinstance(arg, str):
             # Decorator called with arguments (@foo('bar'))
             name = arg
             def mark(func, *a, **kw):
                 ip.register_magic_function(func, magic_kind, name)
                 return func
             retval = mark
         else:
             raise TypeError("Decorator can only be called with "
                              "string or function")
         return retval
 
     # Ensure the resulting decorator has a usable docstring
     ds = _docstring_template.format('function', magic_kind)
 
     ds += dedent("""
     Note: this decorator can only be used in a context where IPython is already
     active, so that the `get_ipython()` call succeeds.  You can therefore use
     it in your startup files loaded after IPython initializes, but *not* in the
     IPython configuration file itself, which is executed before IPython is
     fully up and running.  Any file located in the `startup` subdirectory of
     your configuration profile will be OK in this sense.
     """)
     
     magic_deco.__doc__ = ds
     return magic_deco
 
 
 MAGIC_NO_VAR_EXPAND_ATTR = '_ipython_magic_no_var_expand'
 
 
 def no_var_expand(magic_func):
     """Mark a magic function as not needing variable expansion
 
     By default, IPython interprets `{a}` or `$a` in the line passed to magics
     as variables that should be interpolated from the interactive namespace
     before passing the line to the magic function.
     This is not always desirable, e.g. when the magic executes Python code
     (%timeit, %time, etc.).
     Decorate magics with `@no_var_expand` to opt-out of variable expansion.
 
     .. versionadded:: 7.3
     """
     setattr(magic_func, MAGIC_NO_VAR_EXPAND_ATTR, True)
     return magic_func
 
 
 # Create the actual decorators for public use
 
 # These three are used to decorate methods in class definitions
 line_magic = _method_magic_marker('line')
 cell_magic = _method_magic_marker('cell')
 line_cell_magic = _method_magic_marker('line_cell')
 
 # These three decorate standalone functions and perform the decoration
 # immediately.  They can only run where get_ipython() works
 register_line_magic = _function_magic_marker('line')
 register_cell_magic = _function_magic_marker('cell')
 register_line_cell_magic = _function_magic_marker('line_cell')
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Core Magic classes
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class MagicsManager(Configurable):
     """Object that handles all magic-related functionality for IPython.
     """
     # Non-configurable class attributes
 
     # A two-level dict, first keyed by magic type, then by magic function, and
     # holding the actual callable object as value.  This is the dict used for
     # magic function dispatch
     magics = Dict()
+    lazy_magics = Dict(
+        help="""
+    Mapping from magic names to modules to load.
+
+    This can be used in IPython/IPykernel configuration to declare lazy magics
+    that will only be imported/registered on first use.
+
+    For example::
+
+        c.MagicsManger.lazy_magics = {
+          "my_magic": "slow.to.import",
+          "my_other_magic": "also.slow",
+        }
+
+    On first invocation of `%my_magic`, `%%my_magic`, `%%my_other_magic` or
+    `%%my_other_magic`, the corresponding module will be loaded as an ipython
+    extensions as if you had previously done `%load_ext ipython`.
+
+    Magics names should be without percent(s) as magics can be both cell
+    and line magics.
+
+    Lazy loading happen relatively late in execution process, and
+    complex extensions that manipulate Python/IPython internal state or global state
+    might not support lazy loading.
+    """
+    ).tag(
+        config=True,
+    )
 
     # A registry of the original objects that we've been given holding magics.
     registry = Dict()
 
     shell = Instance('IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShellABC', allow_none=True)
 
     auto_magic = Bool(True, help=
         "Automatically call line magics without requiring explicit % prefix"
     ).tag(config=True)
     @observe('auto_magic')
     def _auto_magic_changed(self, change):
         self.shell.automagic = change['new']
     
     _auto_status = [
         'Automagic is OFF, % prefix IS needed for line magics.',
         'Automagic is ON, % prefix IS NOT needed for line magics.']
 
     user_magics = Instance('IPython.core.magics.UserMagics', allow_none=True)
 
     def __init__(self, shell=None, config=None, user_magics=None, **traits):
 
         super(MagicsManager, self).__init__(shell=shell, config=config,
                                            user_magics=user_magics, **traits)
         self.magics = dict(line={}, cell={})
         # Let's add the user_magics to the registry for uniformity, so *all*
         # registered magic containers can be found there.
         self.registry[user_magics.__class__.__name__] = user_magics
 
     def auto_status(self):
         """Return descriptive string with automagic status."""
         return self._auto_status[self.auto_magic]
     
     def lsmagic(self):
         """Return a dict of currently available magic functions.
 
         The return dict has the keys 'line' and 'cell', corresponding to the
         two types of magics we support.  Each value is a list of names.
         """
         return self.magics
 
     def lsmagic_docs(self, brief=False, missing=''):
         """Return dict of documentation of magic functions.
 
         The return dict has the keys 'line' and 'cell', corresponding to the
         two types of magics we support. Each value is a dict keyed by magic
         name whose value is the function docstring. If a docstring is
         unavailable, the value of `missing` is used instead.
 
         If brief is True, only the first line of each docstring will be returned.
         """
         docs = {}
         for m_type in self.magics:
             m_docs = {}
             for m_name, m_func in self.magics[m_type].items():
                 if m_func.__doc__:
                     if brief:
                         m_docs[m_name] = m_func.__doc__.split('\n', 1)[0]
                     else:
                         m_docs[m_name] = m_func.__doc__.rstrip()
                 else:
                     m_docs[m_name] = missing
             docs[m_type] = m_docs
         return docs
 
+    def register_lazy(self, name: str, fully_qualified_name: str):
+        """
+        Lazily register a magic via an extension.
+
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        name : str
+            Name of the magic you wish to register.
+        fully_qualified_name :
+            Fully qualified name of the module/submodule that should be loaded
+            as an extensions when the magic is first called.
+            It is assumed that loading this extensions will register the given
+            magic.
+        """
+
+        self.lazy_magics[name] = fully_qualified_name
+
     def register(self, *magic_objects):
         """Register one or more instances of Magics.
 
         Take one or more classes or instances of classes that subclass the main
         `core.Magic` class, and register them with IPython to use the magic
         functions they provide.  The registration process will then ensure that
         any methods that have decorated to provide line and/or cell magics will
         be recognized with the `%x`/`%%x` syntax as a line/cell magic
         respectively.
 
         If classes are given, they will be instantiated with the default
         constructor.  If your classes need a custom constructor, you should
         instanitate them first and pass the instance.
 
         The provided arguments can be an arbitrary mix of classes and instances.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         *magic_objects : one or more classes or instances
         """
         # Start by validating them to ensure they have all had their magic
         # methods registered at the instance level
         for m in magic_objects:
             if not m.registered:
                 raise ValueError("Class of magics %r was constructed without "
                                  "the @register_magics class decorator")
             if isinstance(m, type):
                 # If we're given an uninstantiated class
                 m = m(shell=self.shell)
 
             # Now that we have an instance, we can register it and update the
             # table of callables
             self.registry[m.__class__.__name__] = m
             for mtype in magic_kinds:
                 self.magics[mtype].update(m.magics[mtype])
 
     def register_function(self, func, magic_kind='line', magic_name=None):
         """Expose a standalone function as magic function for IPython.
 
         This will create an IPython magic (line, cell or both) from a
         standalone function.  The functions should have the following
         signatures:
 
         * For line magics: `def f(line)`
         * For cell magics: `def f(line, cell)`
         * For a function that does both: `def f(line, cell=None)`
 
         In the latter case, the function will be called with `cell==None` when
         invoked as `%f`, and with cell as a string when invoked as `%%f`.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         func : callable
             Function to be registered as a magic.
         magic_kind : str
             Kind of magic, one of 'line', 'cell' or 'line_cell'
         magic_name : optional str
             If given, the name the magic will have in the IPython namespace.  By
             default, the name of the function itself is used.
         """
 
         # Create the new method in the user_magics and register it in the
         # global table
         validate_type(magic_kind)
         magic_name = func.__name__ if magic_name is None else magic_name
         setattr(self.user_magics, magic_name, func)
         record_magic(self.magics, magic_kind, magic_name, func)
 
     def register_alias(self, alias_name, magic_name, magic_kind='line', magic_params=None):
         """Register an alias to a magic function.
 
         The alias is an instance of :class:`MagicAlias`, which holds the
         name and kind of the magic it should call. Binding is done at
         call time, so if the underlying magic function is changed the alias
         will call the new function.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         alias_name : str
             The name of the magic to be registered.
         magic_name : str
             The name of an existing magic.
         magic_kind : str
             Kind of magic, one of 'line' or 'cell'
         """
 
         # `validate_type` is too permissive, as it allows 'line_cell'
         # which we do not handle.
         if magic_kind not in magic_kinds:
             raise ValueError('magic_kind must be one of %s, %s given' %
                              magic_kinds, magic_kind)
 
         alias = MagicAlias(self.shell, magic_name, magic_kind, magic_params)
         setattr(self.user_magics, alias_name, alias)
         record_magic(self.magics, magic_kind, alias_name, alias)
 
 # Key base class that provides the central functionality for magics.
 
 
 class Magics(Configurable):
     """Base class for implementing magic functions.
 
     Shell functions which can be reached as %function_name. All magic
     functions should accept a string, which they can parse for their own
     needs. This can make some functions easier to type, eg `%cd ../`
     vs. `%cd("../")`
 
     Classes providing magic functions need to subclass this class, and they
     MUST:
 
     - Use the method decorators `@line_magic` and `@cell_magic` to decorate
       individual methods as magic functions, AND
 
     - Use the class decorator `@magics_class` to ensure that the magic
       methods are properly registered at the instance level upon instance
       initialization.
 
     See :mod:`magic_functions` for examples of actual implementation classes.
     """
     # Dict holding all command-line options for each magic.
     options_table = None
     # Dict for the mapping of magic names to methods, set by class decorator
     magics = None
     # Flag to check that the class decorator was properly applied
     registered = False
     # Instance of IPython shell
     shell = None
 
     def __init__(self, shell=None, **kwargs):
         if not(self.__class__.registered):
             raise ValueError('Magics subclass without registration - '
                              'did you forget to apply @magics_class?')
         if shell is not None:
             if hasattr(shell, 'configurables'):
                 shell.configurables.append(self)
             if hasattr(shell, 'config'):
                 kwargs.setdefault('parent', shell)
 
         self.shell = shell
         self.options_table = {}
         # The method decorators are run when the instance doesn't exist yet, so
         # they can only record the names of the methods they are supposed to
         # grab.  Only now, that the instance exists, can we create the proper
         # mapping to bound methods.  So we read the info off the original names
         # table and replace each method name by the actual bound method.
         # But we mustn't clobber the *class* mapping, in case of multiple instances.
         class_magics = self.magics
         self.magics = {}
         for mtype in magic_kinds:
             tab = self.magics[mtype] = {}
             cls_tab = class_magics[mtype]
             for magic_name, meth_name in cls_tab.items():
                 if isinstance(meth_name, str):
                     # it's a method name, grab it
                     tab[magic_name] = getattr(self, meth_name)
                 else:
                     # it's the real thing
                     tab[magic_name] = meth_name
         # Configurable **needs** to be initiated at the end or the config
         # magics get screwed up.
         super(Magics, self).__init__(**kwargs)
 
     def arg_err(self,func):
         """Print docstring if incorrect arguments were passed"""
         print('Error in arguments:')
         print(oinspect.getdoc(func))
 
     def format_latex(self, strng):
         """Format a string for latex inclusion."""
 
         # Characters that need to be escaped for latex:
         escape_re = re.compile(r'(%|_|\$|#|&)',re.MULTILINE)
         # Magic command names as headers:
         cmd_name_re = re.compile(r'^(%s.*?):' % ESC_MAGIC,
                                  re.MULTILINE)
         # Magic commands
         cmd_re = re.compile(r'(?P<cmd>%s.+?\b)(?!\}\}:)' % ESC_MAGIC,
                             re.MULTILINE)
         # Paragraph continue
         par_re = re.compile(r'\\$',re.MULTILINE)
 
         # The "\n" symbol
         newline_re = re.compile(r'\\n')
 
         # Now build the string for output:
         #strng = cmd_name_re.sub(r'\n\\texttt{\\textsl{\\large \1}}:',strng)
         strng = cmd_name_re.sub(r'\n\\bigskip\n\\texttt{\\textbf{ \1}}:',
                                 strng)
         strng = cmd_re.sub(r'\\texttt{\g<cmd>}',strng)
         strng = par_re.sub(r'\\\\',strng)
         strng = escape_re.sub(r'\\\1',strng)
         strng = newline_re.sub(r'\\textbackslash{}n',strng)
         return strng
 
     def parse_options(self, arg_str, opt_str, *long_opts, **kw):
         """Parse options passed to an argument string.
 
         The interface is similar to that of :func:`getopt.getopt`, but it
         returns a :class:`~IPython.utils.struct.Struct` with the options as keys
         and the stripped argument string still as a string.
 
         arg_str is quoted as a true sys.argv vector by using shlex.split.
         This allows us to easily expand variables, glob files, quote
         arguments, etc.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         arg_str : str
             The arguments to parse.
         opt_str : str
             The options specification.
         mode : str, default 'string'
             If given as 'list', the argument string is returned as a list (split
             on whitespace) instead of a string.
         list_all : bool, default False
             Put all option values in lists. Normally only options
             appearing more than once are put in a list.
         posix : bool, default True
             Whether to split the input line in POSIX mode or not, as per the
             conventions outlined in the :mod:`shlex` module from the standard
             library.
         """
 
         # inject default options at the beginning of the input line
         caller = sys._getframe(1).f_code.co_name
         arg_str = '%s %s' % (self.options_table.get(caller,''),arg_str)
 
         mode = kw.get('mode','string')
         if mode not in ['string','list']:
             raise ValueError('incorrect mode given: %s' % mode)
         # Get options
         list_all = kw.get('list_all',0)
         posix = kw.get('posix', os.name == 'posix')
         strict = kw.get('strict', True)
 
         preserve_non_opts = kw.get("preserve_non_opts", False)
         remainder_arg_str = arg_str
 
         # Check if we have more than one argument to warrant extra processing:
         odict = {}  # Dictionary with options
         args = arg_str.split()
         if len(args) >= 1:
             # If the list of inputs only has 0 or 1 thing in it, there's no
             # need to look for options
             argv = arg_split(arg_str, posix, strict)
             # Do regular option processing
             try:
                 opts,args = getopt(argv, opt_str, long_opts)
             except GetoptError as e:
                 raise UsageError(
                     '%s ( allowed: "%s" %s)' % (e.msg, opt_str, " ".join(long_opts))
                 ) from e
             for o, a in opts:
                 if mode == "string" and preserve_non_opts:
                     # remove option-parts from the original args-string and preserve remaining-part.
                     # This relies on the arg_split(...) and getopt(...)'s impl spec, that the parsed options are
                     # returned in the original order.
                     remainder_arg_str = remainder_arg_str.replace(o, "", 1).replace(
                         a, "", 1
                     )
                 if o.startswith("--"):
                     o = o[2:]
                 else:
                     o = o[1:]
                 try:
                     odict[o].append(a)
                 except AttributeError:
                     odict[o] = [odict[o],a]
                 except KeyError:
                     if list_all:
                         odict[o] = [a]
                     else:
                         odict[o] = a
 
         # Prepare opts,args for return
         opts = Struct(odict)
         if mode == 'string':
             if preserve_non_opts:
                 args = remainder_arg_str.lstrip()
             else:
                 args = " ".join(args)
 
         return opts,args
 
     def default_option(self, fn, optstr):
         """Make an entry in the options_table for fn, with value optstr"""
 
         if fn not in self.lsmagic():
             error("%s is not a magic function" % fn)
         self.options_table[fn] = optstr
 
 
 class MagicAlias(object):
     """An alias to another magic function.
 
     An alias is determined by its magic name and magic kind. Lookup
     is done at call time, so if the underlying magic changes the alias
     will call the new function.
 
     Use the :meth:`MagicsManager.register_alias` method or the
     `%alias_magic` magic function to create and register a new alias.
     """
     def __init__(self, shell, magic_name, magic_kind, magic_params=None):
         self.shell = shell
         self.magic_name = magic_name
         self.magic_params = magic_params
         self.magic_kind = magic_kind
 
         self.pretty_target = '%s%s' % (magic_escapes[self.magic_kind], self.magic_name)
         self.__doc__ = "Alias for `%s`." % self.pretty_target
 
         self._in_call = False
 
     def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """Call the magic alias."""
         fn = self.shell.find_magic(self.magic_name, self.magic_kind)
         if fn is None:
             raise UsageError("Magic `%s` not found." % self.pretty_target)
 
         # Protect against infinite recursion.
         if self._in_call:
             raise UsageError("Infinite recursion detected; "
                              "magic aliases cannot call themselves.")
         self._in_call = True
         try:
             if self.magic_params:
                 args_list = list(args)
                 args_list[0] = self.magic_params + " " + args[0]
                 args = tuple(args_list)
             return fn(*args, **kwargs)
         finally:
             self._in_call = False

IPython/core/tests/test_magic.py

@@ -1,1366 +1,1408 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Tests for various magic functions."""
 
 import asyncio
 import gc
 import io
 import os
 import re
 import shlex
 import sys
 import warnings
 from importlib import invalidate_caches
 from io import StringIO
 from pathlib import Path
 from textwrap import dedent
 from unittest import TestCase, mock
 
 import pytest
 
 from IPython import get_ipython
 from IPython.core import magic
 from IPython.core.error import UsageError
 from IPython.core.magic import (
     Magics,
     cell_magic,
     line_magic,
     magics_class,
     register_cell_magic,
     register_line_magic,
 )
 from IPython.core.magics import code, execution, logging, osm, script
 from IPython.testing import decorators as dec
 from IPython.testing import tools as tt
 from IPython.utils.io import capture_output
 from IPython.utils.process import find_cmd
 from IPython.utils.tempdir import TemporaryDirectory, TemporaryWorkingDirectory
+from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
 
 from .test_debugger import PdbTestInput
 
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
 
 @magic.magics_class
 class DummyMagics(magic.Magics): pass
 
 def test_extract_code_ranges():
     instr = "1 3 5-6 7-9 10:15 17: :10 10- -13 :"
     expected = [
         (0, 1),
         (2, 3),
         (4, 6),
         (6, 9),
         (9, 14),
         (16, None),
         (None, 9),
         (9, None),
         (None, 13),
         (None, None),
     ]
     actual = list(code.extract_code_ranges(instr))
     assert actual == expected
 
 def test_extract_symbols():
     source = """import foo\na = 10\ndef b():\n    return 42\n\n\nclass A: pass\n\n\n"""
     symbols_args = ["a", "b", "A", "A,b", "A,a", "z"]
     expected = [([], ['a']),
                 (["def b():\n    return 42\n"], []),
                 (["class A: pass\n"], []),
                 (["class A: pass\n", "def b():\n    return 42\n"], []),
                 (["class A: pass\n"], ['a']),
                 ([], ['z'])]
     for symbols, exp in zip(symbols_args, expected):
         assert code.extract_symbols(source, symbols) == exp
 
 
 def test_extract_symbols_raises_exception_with_non_python_code():
     source = ("=begin A Ruby program :)=end\n"
               "def hello\n"
               "puts 'Hello world'\n"
               "end")
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
         code.extract_symbols(source, "hello")
 
 
 def test_magic_not_found():
     # magic not found raises UsageError
     with pytest.raises(UsageError):
         _ip.magic('doesntexist')
 
     # ensure result isn't success when a magic isn't found
     result = _ip.run_cell('%doesntexist')
     assert isinstance(result.error_in_exec, UsageError)
 
 
 def test_cell_magic_not_found():
     # magic not found raises UsageError
     with pytest.raises(UsageError):
         _ip.run_cell_magic('doesntexist', 'line', 'cell')
 
     # ensure result isn't success when a magic isn't found
     result = _ip.run_cell('%%doesntexist')
     assert isinstance(result.error_in_exec, UsageError)
 
 
 def test_magic_error_status():
     def fail(shell):
         1/0
     _ip.register_magic_function(fail)
     result = _ip.run_cell('%fail')
     assert isinstance(result.error_in_exec, ZeroDivisionError)
 
 
 def test_config():
     """ test that config magic does not raise
     can happen if Configurable init is moved too early into
     Magics.__init__ as then a Config object will be registered as a
     magic.
     """
     ## should not raise.
     _ip.magic('config')
 
 def test_config_available_configs():
     """ test that config magic prints available configs in unique and
     sorted order. """
     with capture_output() as captured:
         _ip.magic('config')
 
     stdout = captured.stdout
     config_classes = stdout.strip().split('\n')[1:]
     assert config_classes == sorted(set(config_classes))
 
 def test_config_print_class():
     """ test that config with a classname prints the class's options. """
     with capture_output() as captured:
         _ip.magic('config TerminalInteractiveShell')
 
     stdout = captured.stdout
     assert re.match(
         "TerminalInteractiveShell.* options", stdout.splitlines()[0]
     ), f"{stdout}\n\n1st line of stdout not like 'TerminalInteractiveShell.* options'"
 
 
 def test_rehashx():
     # clear up everything
     _ip.alias_manager.clear_aliases()
     del _ip.db['syscmdlist']
 
     _ip.magic('rehashx')
     # Practically ALL ipython development systems will have more than 10 aliases
 
     assert len(_ip.alias_manager.aliases) > 10
     for name, cmd in _ip.alias_manager.aliases:
         # we must strip dots from alias names
         assert "." not in name
 
     # rehashx must fill up syscmdlist
     scoms = _ip.db['syscmdlist']
     assert len(scoms) > 10
 
 
 def test_magic_parse_options():
     """Test that we don't mangle paths when parsing magic options."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     path = 'c:\\x'
     m = DummyMagics(ip)
     opts = m.parse_options('-f %s' % path,'f:')[0]
     # argv splitting is os-dependent
     if os.name == 'posix':
         expected = 'c:x'
     else:
         expected = path
     assert opts["f"] == expected
 
 
 def test_magic_parse_long_options():
     """Magic.parse_options can handle --foo=bar long options"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     m = DummyMagics(ip)
     opts, _ = m.parse_options("--foo --bar=bubble", "a", "foo", "bar=")
     assert "foo" in opts
     assert "bar" in opts
     assert opts["bar"] == "bubble"
 
 
 def doctest_hist_f():
     """Test %hist -f with temporary filename.
 
     In [9]: import tempfile
 
     In [10]: tfile = tempfile.mktemp('.py','tmp-ipython-')
 
     In [11]: %hist -nl -f $tfile 3
 
     In [13]: import os; os.unlink(tfile)
     """
 
 
 def doctest_hist_op():
     """Test %hist -op
 
     In [1]: class b(float):
        ...:     pass
        ...:
 
     In [2]: class s(object):
        ...:     def __str__(self):
        ...:         return 's'
        ...:
 
     In [3]:
 
     In [4]: class r(b):
        ...:     def __repr__(self):
        ...:         return 'r'
        ...:
 
     In [5]: class sr(s,r): pass
        ...:
 
     In [6]:
 
     In [7]: bb=b()
 
     In [8]: ss=s()
 
     In [9]: rr=r()
 
     In [10]: ssrr=sr()
 
     In [11]: 4.5
     Out[11]: 4.5
 
     In [12]: str(ss)
     Out[12]: 's'
 
     In [13]:
 
     In [14]: %hist -op
     >>> class b:
     ...     pass
     ...
     >>> class s(b):
     ...     def __str__(self):
     ...         return 's'
     ...
     >>>
     >>> class r(b):
     ...     def __repr__(self):
     ...         return 'r'
     ...
     >>> class sr(s,r): pass
     >>>
     >>> bb=b()
     >>> ss=s()
     >>> rr=r()
     >>> ssrr=sr()
     >>> 4.5
     4.5
     >>> str(ss)
     's'
     >>>
     """
 
 def test_hist_pof():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell("1+2", store_history=True)
     #raise Exception(ip.history_manager.session_number)
     #raise Exception(list(ip.history_manager._get_range_session()))
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         tf = os.path.join(td, 'hist.py')
         ip.run_line_magic('history', '-pof %s' % tf)
         assert os.path.isfile(tf)
 
 
 def test_macro():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.history_manager.reset()   # Clear any existing history.
     cmds = ["a=1", "def b():\n  return a**2", "print(a,b())"]
     for i, cmd in enumerate(cmds, start=1):
         ip.history_manager.store_inputs(i, cmd)
     ip.magic("macro test 1-3")
     assert ip.user_ns["test"].value == "\n".join(cmds) + "\n"
 
     # List macros
     assert "test" in ip.magic("macro")
 
 
 def test_macro_run():
     """Test that we can run a multi-line macro successfully."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.history_manager.reset()
     cmds = ["a=10", "a+=1", "print(a)", "%macro test 2-3"]
     for cmd in cmds:
         ip.run_cell(cmd, store_history=True)
     assert ip.user_ns["test"].value == "a+=1\nprint(a)\n"
     with tt.AssertPrints("12"):
         ip.run_cell("test")
     with tt.AssertPrints("13"):
         ip.run_cell("test")
 
 
 def test_magic_magic():
     """Test %magic"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with capture_output() as captured:
         ip.magic("magic")
 
     stdout = captured.stdout
     assert "%magic" in stdout
     assert "IPython" in stdout
     assert "Available" in stdout
 
 
 @dec.skipif_not_numpy
 def test_numpy_reset_array_undec():
     "Test '%reset array' functionality"
     _ip.ex("import numpy as np")
     _ip.ex("a = np.empty(2)")
     assert "a" in _ip.user_ns
     _ip.magic("reset -f array")
     assert "a" not in _ip.user_ns
 
 
 def test_reset_out():
     "Test '%reset out' magic"
     _ip.run_cell("parrot = 'dead'", store_history=True)
     # test '%reset -f out', make an Out prompt
     _ip.run_cell("parrot", store_history=True)
     assert "dead" in [_ip.user_ns[x] for x in ("_", "__", "___")]
     _ip.magic("reset -f out")
     assert "dead" not in [_ip.user_ns[x] for x in ("_", "__", "___")]
     assert len(_ip.user_ns["Out"]) == 0
 
 
 def test_reset_in():
     "Test '%reset in' magic"
     # test '%reset -f in'
     _ip.run_cell("parrot", store_history=True)
     assert "parrot" in [_ip.user_ns[x] for x in ("_i", "_ii", "_iii")]
     _ip.magic("%reset -f in")
     assert "parrot" not in [_ip.user_ns[x] for x in ("_i", "_ii", "_iii")]
     assert len(set(_ip.user_ns["In"])) == 1
 
 
 def test_reset_dhist():
     "Test '%reset dhist' magic"
     _ip.run_cell("tmp = [d for d in _dh]")  # copy before clearing
     _ip.magic("cd " + os.path.dirname(pytest.__file__))
     _ip.magic("cd -")
     assert len(_ip.user_ns["_dh"]) > 0
     _ip.magic("reset -f dhist")
     assert len(_ip.user_ns["_dh"]) == 0
     _ip.run_cell("_dh = [d for d in tmp]")  # restore
 
 
 def test_reset_in_length():
     "Test that '%reset in' preserves In[] length"
     _ip.run_cell("print 'foo'")
     _ip.run_cell("reset -f in")
     assert len(_ip.user_ns["In"]) == _ip.displayhook.prompt_count + 1
 
 
 class TestResetErrors(TestCase):
 
     def test_reset_redefine(self):
 
         @magics_class
         class KernelMagics(Magics):
               @line_magic
               def less(self, shell): pass
 
         _ip.register_magics(KernelMagics)
 
         with self.assertLogs() as cm:
             # hack, we want to just capture logs, but assertLogs fails if not
             # logs get produce.
             # so log one things we ignore.
             import logging as log_mod
             log = log_mod.getLogger()
             log.info('Nothing')
             # end hack.
             _ip.run_cell("reset -f")
 
         assert len(cm.output) == 1
         for out in cm.output:
             assert "Invalid alias" not in out
 
 def test_tb_syntaxerror():
     """test %tb after a SyntaxError"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell("for")
 
     # trap and validate stdout
     save_stdout = sys.stdout
     try:
         sys.stdout = StringIO()
         ip.run_cell("%tb")
         out = sys.stdout.getvalue()
     finally:
         sys.stdout = save_stdout
     # trim output, and only check the last line
     last_line = out.rstrip().splitlines()[-1].strip()
     assert last_line == "SyntaxError: invalid syntax"
 
 
 def test_time():
     ip = get_ipython()
 
     with tt.AssertPrints("Wall time: "):
         ip.run_cell("%time None")
 
     ip.run_cell("def f(kmjy):\n"
                 "    %time print (2*kmjy)")
 
     with tt.AssertPrints("Wall time: "):
         with tt.AssertPrints("hihi", suppress=False):
             ip.run_cell("f('hi')")
 
 def test_time_last_not_expression():
     ip.run_cell("%%time\n"
                 "var_1 = 1\n"
                 "var_2 = 2\n")
     assert ip.user_ns['var_1'] == 1
     del ip.user_ns['var_1']
     assert ip.user_ns['var_2'] == 2
     del ip.user_ns['var_2']
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 def test_time2():
     ip = get_ipython()
 
     with tt.AssertPrints("CPU times: user "):
         ip.run_cell("%time None")
 
 def test_time3():
     """Erroneous magic function calls, issue gh-3334"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.user_ns.pop('run', None)
 
     with tt.AssertNotPrints("not found", channel='stderr'):
         ip.run_cell("%%time\n"
                     "run = 0\n"
                     "run += 1")
 
 def test_multiline_time():
     """Make sure last statement from time return a value."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.user_ns.pop('run', None)
 
     ip.run_cell(dedent("""\
         %%time
         a = "ho"
         b = "hey"
         a+b
         """
         )
     )
     assert ip.user_ns_hidden["_"] == "hohey"
 
 
 def test_time_local_ns():
     """
     Test that local_ns is actually global_ns when running a cell magic
     """
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell("%%time\n" "myvar = 1")
     assert ip.user_ns["myvar"] == 1
     del ip.user_ns["myvar"]
 
 
 def test_doctest_mode():
     "Toggle doctest_mode twice, it should be a no-op and run without error"
     _ip.magic('doctest_mode')
     _ip.magic('doctest_mode')
 
 
 def test_parse_options():
     """Tests for basic options parsing in magics."""
     # These are only the most minimal of tests, more should be added later.  At
     # the very least we check that basic text/unicode calls work OK.
     m = DummyMagics(_ip)
     assert m.parse_options("foo", "")[1] == "foo"
     assert m.parse_options("foo", "")[1] == "foo"
 
 
 def test_parse_options_preserve_non_option_string():
     """Test to assert preservation of non-option part of magic-block, while parsing magic options."""
     m = DummyMagics(_ip)
     opts, stmt = m.parse_options(
         " -n1  -r 13 _ = 314 + foo", "n:r:", preserve_non_opts=True
     )
     assert opts == {"n": "1", "r": "13"}
     assert stmt == "_ = 314 + foo"
 
 
 def test_run_magic_preserve_code_block():
     """Test to assert preservation of non-option part of magic-block, while running magic."""
     _ip.user_ns["spaces"] = []
     _ip.magic("timeit -n1 -r1 spaces.append([s.count(' ') for s in ['document']])")
     assert _ip.user_ns["spaces"] == [[0]]
 
 
 def test_dirops():
     """Test various directory handling operations."""
     # curpath = lambda :os.path.splitdrive(os.getcwd())[1].replace('\\','/')
     curpath = os.getcwd
     startdir = os.getcwd()
     ipdir = os.path.realpath(_ip.ipython_dir)
     try:
         _ip.magic('cd "%s"' % ipdir)
         assert curpath() == ipdir
         _ip.magic('cd -')
         assert curpath() == startdir
         _ip.magic('pushd "%s"' % ipdir)
         assert curpath() == ipdir
         _ip.magic('popd')
         assert curpath() == startdir
     finally:
         os.chdir(startdir)
 
 
 def test_cd_force_quiet():
     """Test OSMagics.cd_force_quiet option"""
     _ip.config.OSMagics.cd_force_quiet = True
     osmagics = osm.OSMagics(shell=_ip)
 
     startdir = os.getcwd()
     ipdir = os.path.realpath(_ip.ipython_dir)
 
     try:
         with tt.AssertNotPrints(ipdir):
             osmagics.cd('"%s"' % ipdir)
         with tt.AssertNotPrints(startdir):
             osmagics.cd('-')
     finally:
         os.chdir(startdir)
 
 
 def test_xmode():
     # Calling xmode three times should be a no-op
     xmode = _ip.InteractiveTB.mode
     for i in range(4):
         _ip.magic("xmode")
     assert _ip.InteractiveTB.mode == xmode
 
 def test_reset_hard():
     monitor = []
     class A(object):
         def __del__(self):
             monitor.append(1)
         def __repr__(self):
             return "<A instance>"
 
     _ip.user_ns["a"] = A()
     _ip.run_cell("a")
 
     assert monitor == []
     _ip.magic("reset -f")
     assert monitor == [1]
 
 class TestXdel(tt.TempFileMixin):
     def test_xdel(self):
         """Test that references from %run are cleared by xdel."""
         src = ("class A(object):\n"
                "    monitor = []\n"
                "    def __del__(self):\n"
                "        self.monitor.append(1)\n"
                "a = A()\n")
         self.mktmp(src)
         # %run creates some hidden references...
         _ip.magic("run %s" % self.fname)
         # ... as does the displayhook.
         _ip.run_cell("a")
 
         monitor = _ip.user_ns["A"].monitor
         assert monitor == []
 
         _ip.magic("xdel a")
 
         # Check that a's __del__ method has been called.
         gc.collect(0)
         assert monitor == [1]
 
 def doctest_who():
     """doctest for %who
 
     In [1]: %reset -sf
 
     In [2]: alpha = 123
 
     In [3]: beta = 'beta'
 
     In [4]: %who int
     alpha
 
     In [5]: %who str
     beta
 
     In [6]: %whos
     Variable   Type    Data/Info
     ----------------------------
     alpha      int     123
     beta       str     beta
 
     In [7]: %who_ls
     Out[7]: ['alpha', 'beta']
     """
 
 def test_whos():
     """Check that whos is protected against objects where repr() fails."""
     class A(object):
         def __repr__(self):
             raise Exception()
     _ip.user_ns['a'] = A()
     _ip.magic("whos")
 
 def doctest_precision():
     """doctest for %precision
 
     In [1]: f = get_ipython().display_formatter.formatters['text/plain']
 
     In [2]: %precision 5
     Out[2]: '%.5f'
 
     In [3]: f.float_format
     Out[3]: '%.5f'
 
     In [4]: %precision %e
     Out[4]: '%e'
 
     In [5]: f(3.1415927)
     Out[5]: '3.141593e+00'
     """
 
 def test_debug_magic():
     """Test debugging a small code with %debug
 
     In [1]: with PdbTestInput(['c']):
        ...:     %debug print("a b") #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
        ...:
     ...
     ipdb> c
     a b
     In [2]:
     """
 
 def test_psearch():
     with tt.AssertPrints("dict.fromkeys"):
         _ip.run_cell("dict.fr*?")
     with tt.AssertPrints("π.is_integer"):
         _ip.run_cell("π = 3.14;\nπ.is_integ*?")
 
 def test_timeit_shlex():
     """test shlex issues with timeit (#1109)"""
     _ip.ex("def f(*a,**kw): pass")
     _ip.magic('timeit -n1 "this is a bug".count(" ")')
     _ip.magic('timeit -r1 -n1 f(" ", 1)')
     _ip.magic('timeit -r1 -n1 f(" ", 1, " ", 2, " ")')
     _ip.magic('timeit -r1 -n1 ("a " + "b")')
     _ip.magic('timeit -r1 -n1 f("a " + "b")')
     _ip.magic('timeit -r1 -n1 f("a " + "b ")')
 
 
 def test_timeit_special_syntax():
     "Test %%timeit with IPython special syntax"
     @register_line_magic
     def lmagic(line):
         ip = get_ipython()
         ip.user_ns['lmagic_out'] = line
 
     # line mode test
     _ip.run_line_magic("timeit", "-n1 -r1 %lmagic my line")
     assert _ip.user_ns["lmagic_out"] == "my line"
     # cell mode test
     _ip.run_cell_magic("timeit", "-n1 -r1", "%lmagic my line2")
     assert _ip.user_ns["lmagic_out"] == "my line2"
 
 
 def test_timeit_return():
     """
     test whether timeit -o return object
     """
 
     res = _ip.run_line_magic('timeit','-n10 -r10 -o 1')
     assert(res is not None)
 
 def test_timeit_quiet():
     """
     test quiet option of timeit magic
     """
     with tt.AssertNotPrints("loops"):
         _ip.run_cell("%timeit -n1 -r1 -q 1")
 
 def test_timeit_return_quiet():
     with tt.AssertNotPrints("loops"):
         res = _ip.run_line_magic('timeit', '-n1 -r1 -q -o 1')
     assert (res is not None)
 
 def test_timeit_invalid_return():
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
         _ip.run_line_magic('timeit', 'return')
 
 @dec.skipif(execution.profile is None)
 def test_prun_special_syntax():
     "Test %%prun with IPython special syntax"
     @register_line_magic
     def lmagic(line):
         ip = get_ipython()
         ip.user_ns['lmagic_out'] = line
 
     # line mode test
     _ip.run_line_magic("prun", "-q %lmagic my line")
     assert _ip.user_ns["lmagic_out"] == "my line"
     # cell mode test
     _ip.run_cell_magic("prun", "-q", "%lmagic my line2")
     assert _ip.user_ns["lmagic_out"] == "my line2"
 
 
 @dec.skipif(execution.profile is None)
 def test_prun_quotes():
     "Test that prun does not clobber string escapes (GH #1302)"
     _ip.magic(r"prun -q x = '\t'")
     assert _ip.user_ns["x"] == "\t"
 
 
 def test_extension():
     # Debugging information for failures of this test
     print('sys.path:')
     for p in sys.path:
         print(' ', p)
     print('CWD', os.getcwd())
 
     pytest.raises(ImportError, _ip.magic, "load_ext daft_extension")
     daft_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "daft_extension")
     sys.path.insert(0, daft_path)
     try:
         _ip.user_ns.pop('arq', None)
         invalidate_caches()   # Clear import caches
         _ip.magic("load_ext daft_extension")
         assert _ip.user_ns["arq"] == 185
         _ip.magic("unload_ext daft_extension")
         assert 'arq' not in _ip.user_ns
     finally:
         sys.path.remove(daft_path)
 
 
 def test_notebook_export_json():
     pytest.importorskip("nbformat")
     _ip = get_ipython()
     _ip.history_manager.reset()   # Clear any existing history.
     cmds = ["a=1", "def b():\n  return a**2", "print('noël, été', b())"]
     for i, cmd in enumerate(cmds, start=1):
         _ip.history_manager.store_inputs(i, cmd)
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         outfile = os.path.join(td, "nb.ipynb")
         _ip.magic("notebook %s" % outfile)
 
 
 class TestEnv(TestCase):
 
     def test_env(self):
         env = _ip.magic("env")
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(env, dict))
 
     def test_env_secret(self):
         env = _ip.magic("env")
         hidden = "<hidden>"
         with mock.patch.dict(
             os.environ,
             {
                 "API_KEY": "abc123",
                 "SECRET_THING": "ssshhh",
                 "JUPYTER_TOKEN": "",
                 "VAR": "abc"
             }
         ):
             env = _ip.magic("env")
         assert env["API_KEY"] == hidden
         assert env["SECRET_THING"] == hidden
         assert env["JUPYTER_TOKEN"] == hidden
         assert env["VAR"] == "abc"
 
     def test_env_get_set_simple(self):
         env = _ip.magic("env var val1")
         self.assertEqual(env, None)
         self.assertEqual(os.environ['var'], 'val1')
         self.assertEqual(_ip.magic("env var"), 'val1')
         env = _ip.magic("env var=val2")
         self.assertEqual(env, None)
         self.assertEqual(os.environ['var'], 'val2')
 
     def test_env_get_set_complex(self):
         env = _ip.magic("env var 'val1 '' 'val2")
         self.assertEqual(env, None)
         self.assertEqual(os.environ['var'], "'val1 '' 'val2")
         self.assertEqual(_ip.magic("env var"), "'val1 '' 'val2")
         env = _ip.magic('env var=val2 val3="val4')
         self.assertEqual(env, None)
         self.assertEqual(os.environ['var'], 'val2 val3="val4')
 
     def test_env_set_bad_input(self):
         self.assertRaises(UsageError, lambda: _ip.magic("set_env var"))
 
     def test_env_set_whitespace(self):
         self.assertRaises(UsageError, lambda: _ip.magic("env var A=B"))
 
 
 class CellMagicTestCase(TestCase):
 
     def check_ident(self, magic):
         # Manually called, we get the result
         out = _ip.run_cell_magic(magic, "a", "b")
         assert out == ("a", "b")
         # Via run_cell, it goes into the user's namespace via displayhook
         _ip.run_cell("%%" + magic + " c\nd\n")
         assert _ip.user_ns["_"] == ("c", "d\n")
 
     def test_cell_magic_func_deco(self):
         "Cell magic using simple decorator"
         @register_cell_magic
         def cellm(line, cell):
             return line, cell
 
         self.check_ident('cellm')
 
     def test_cell_magic_reg(self):
         "Cell magic manually registered"
         def cellm(line, cell):
             return line, cell
 
         _ip.register_magic_function(cellm, 'cell', 'cellm2')
         self.check_ident('cellm2')
 
     def test_cell_magic_class(self):
         "Cell magics declared via a class"
         @magics_class
         class MyMagics(Magics):
 
             @cell_magic
             def cellm3(self, line, cell):
                 return line, cell
 
         _ip.register_magics(MyMagics)
         self.check_ident('cellm3')
 
     def test_cell_magic_class2(self):
         "Cell magics declared via a class, #2"
         @magics_class
         class MyMagics2(Magics):
 
             @cell_magic('cellm4')
             def cellm33(self, line, cell):
                 return line, cell
 
         _ip.register_magics(MyMagics2)
         self.check_ident('cellm4')
         # Check that nothing is registered as 'cellm33'
         c33 = _ip.find_cell_magic('cellm33')
         assert c33 == None
 
 def test_file():
     """Basic %%writefile"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, 'file1')
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line2" in s
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 def test_file_single_quote():
     """Basic %%writefile with embedded single quotes"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, '\'file1\'')
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line2" in s
 
 
 @dec.skip_win32
 def test_file_double_quote():
     """Basic %%writefile with embedded double quotes"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, '"file1"')
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line2" in s
 
 
 def test_file_var_expand():
     """%%writefile $filename"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, 'file1')
         ip.user_ns['filename'] = fname
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", '$filename', u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line2" in s
 
 
 def test_file_unicode():
     """%%writefile with unicode cell"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, 'file1')
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", fname, u'\n'.join([
             u'liné1',
             u'liné2',
         ]))
         with io.open(fname, encoding='utf-8') as f:
             s = f.read()
         assert "liné1\n" in s
         assert "liné2" in s
 
 
 def test_file_amend():
     """%%writefile -a amends files"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         fname = os.path.join(td, 'file2')
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         ip.run_cell_magic("writefile", "-a %s" % fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line3',
             'line4',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line3\n" in s
 
 
 def test_file_spaces():
     """%%file with spaces in filename"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     with TemporaryWorkingDirectory() as td:
         fname = "file name"
         ip.run_cell_magic("file", '"%s"'%fname, u'\n'.join([
             'line1',
             'line2',
         ]))
         s = Path(fname).read_text()
         assert "line1\n" in s
         assert "line2" in s
 
 
 def test_script_config():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.config.ScriptMagics.script_magics = ['whoda']
     sm = script.ScriptMagics(shell=ip)
     assert "whoda" in sm.magics["cell"]
 
 
 def test_script_out():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic("script", f"--out output {sys.executable}", "print('hi')")
     assert ip.user_ns["output"].strip() == "hi"
 
 
 def test_script_err():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic(
         "script",
         f"--err error {sys.executable}",
         "import sys; print('hello', file=sys.stderr)",
     )
     assert ip.user_ns["error"].strip() == "hello"
 
 
 def test_script_out_err():
 
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic(
         "script",
         f"--out output --err error {sys.executable}",
         "\n".join(
             [
                 "import sys",
                 "print('hi')",
                 "print('hello', file=sys.stderr)",
             ]
         ),
     )
     assert ip.user_ns["output"].strip() == "hi"
     assert ip.user_ns["error"].strip() == "hello"
 
 
 async def test_script_bg_out():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic("script", f"--bg --out output {sys.executable}", "print('hi')")
     assert (await ip.user_ns["output"].read()).strip() == b"hi"
     assert ip.user_ns["output"].at_eof()
 
 
 async def test_script_bg_err():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic(
         "script",
         f"--bg --err error {sys.executable}",
         "import sys; print('hello', file=sys.stderr)",
     )
     assert (await ip.user_ns["error"].read()).strip() == b"hello"
     assert ip.user_ns["error"].at_eof()
 
 
 async def test_script_bg_out_err():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic(
         "script",
         f"--bg --out output --err error {sys.executable}",
         "\n".join(
             [
                 "import sys",
                 "print('hi')",
                 "print('hello', file=sys.stderr)",
             ]
         ),
     )
     assert (await ip.user_ns["output"].read()).strip() == b"hi"
     assert (await ip.user_ns["error"].read()).strip() == b"hello"
     assert ip.user_ns["output"].at_eof()
     assert ip.user_ns["error"].at_eof()
 
 
 async def test_script_bg_proc():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_cell_magic(
         "script",
         f"--bg --out output --proc p {sys.executable}",
         "\n".join(
             [
                 "import sys",
                 "print('hi')",
                 "print('hello', file=sys.stderr)",
             ]
         ),
     )
     p = ip.user_ns["p"]
     await p.wait()
     assert p.returncode == 0
     assert (await p.stdout.read()).strip() == b"hi"
     # not captured, so empty
     assert (await p.stderr.read()) == b""
     assert p.stdout.at_eof()
     assert p.stderr.at_eof()
 
 
 def test_script_defaults():
     ip = get_ipython()
     for cmd in ['sh', 'bash', 'perl', 'ruby']:
         try:
             find_cmd(cmd)
         except Exception:
             pass
         else:
             assert cmd in ip.magics_manager.magics["cell"]
 
 
 @magics_class
 class FooFoo(Magics):
     """class with both %foo and %%foo magics"""
     @line_magic('foo')
     def line_foo(self, line):
         "I am line foo"
         pass
 
     @cell_magic("foo")
     def cell_foo(self, line, cell):
         "I am cell foo, not line foo"
         pass
 
 def test_line_cell_info():
     """%%foo and %foo magics are distinguishable to inspect"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.magics_manager.register(FooFoo)
     oinfo = ip.object_inspect("foo")
     assert oinfo["found"] is True
     assert oinfo["ismagic"] is True
 
     oinfo = ip.object_inspect("%%foo")
     assert oinfo["found"] is True
     assert oinfo["ismagic"] is True
     assert oinfo["docstring"] == FooFoo.cell_foo.__doc__
 
     oinfo = ip.object_inspect("%foo")
     assert oinfo["found"] is True
     assert oinfo["ismagic"] is True
     assert oinfo["docstring"] == FooFoo.line_foo.__doc__
 
 
 def test_multiple_magics():
     ip = get_ipython()
     foo1 = FooFoo(ip)
     foo2 = FooFoo(ip)
     mm = ip.magics_manager
     mm.register(foo1)
     assert mm.magics["line"]["foo"].__self__ is foo1
     mm.register(foo2)
     assert mm.magics["line"]["foo"].__self__ is foo2
 
 
 def test_alias_magic():
     """Test %alias_magic."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     mm = ip.magics_manager
 
     # Basic operation: both cell and line magics are created, if possible.
     ip.run_line_magic("alias_magic", "timeit_alias timeit")
     assert "timeit_alias" in mm.magics["line"]
     assert "timeit_alias" in mm.magics["cell"]
 
     # --cell is specified, line magic not created.
     ip.run_line_magic("alias_magic", "--cell timeit_cell_alias timeit")
     assert "timeit_cell_alias" not in mm.magics["line"]
     assert "timeit_cell_alias" in mm.magics["cell"]
 
     # Test that line alias is created successfully.
     ip.run_line_magic("alias_magic", "--line env_alias env")
     assert ip.run_line_magic("env", "") == ip.run_line_magic("env_alias", "")
 
     # Test that line alias with parameters passed in is created successfully.
     ip.run_line_magic(
         "alias_magic", "--line history_alias history --params " + shlex.quote("3")
     )
     assert "history_alias" in mm.magics["line"]
 
 
 def test_save():
     """Test %save."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.history_manager.reset()   # Clear any existing history.
     cmds = ["a=1", "def b():\n  return a**2", "print(a, b())"]
     for i, cmd in enumerate(cmds, start=1):
         ip.history_manager.store_inputs(i, cmd)
     with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
         file = os.path.join(tmpdir, "testsave.py")
         ip.run_line_magic("save", "%s 1-10" % file)
         content = Path(file).read_text()
         assert content.count(cmds[0]) == 1
         assert "coding: utf-8" in content
         ip.run_line_magic("save", "-a %s 1-10" % file)
         content = Path(file).read_text()
         assert content.count(cmds[0]) == 2
         assert "coding: utf-8" in content
 
 
 def test_save_with_no_args():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.history_manager.reset()  # Clear any existing history.
     cmds = ["a=1", "def b():\n    return a**2", "print(a, b())", "%save"]
     for i, cmd in enumerate(cmds, start=1):
         ip.history_manager.store_inputs(i, cmd)
 
     with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
         path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "testsave.py")
         ip.run_line_magic("save", path)
         content = Path(path).read_text()
         expected_content = dedent(
             """\
             # coding: utf-8
             a=1
             def b():
                 return a**2
             print(a, b())
             """
         )
         assert content == expected_content
 
 
 def test_store():
     """Test %store."""
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_line_magic('load_ext', 'storemagic')
 
     # make sure the storage is empty
     ip.run_line_magic("store", "-z")
     ip.user_ns["var"] = 42
     ip.run_line_magic("store", "var")
     ip.user_ns["var"] = 39
     ip.run_line_magic("store", "-r")
     assert ip.user_ns["var"] == 42
 
     ip.run_line_magic("store", "-d var")
     ip.user_ns["var"] = 39
     ip.run_line_magic("store", "-r")
     assert ip.user_ns["var"] == 39
 
 
 def _run_edit_test(arg_s, exp_filename=None,
                         exp_lineno=-1,
                         exp_contents=None,
                         exp_is_temp=None):
     ip = get_ipython()
     M = code.CodeMagics(ip)
     last_call = ['','']
     opts,args = M.parse_options(arg_s,'prxn:')
     filename, lineno, is_temp = M._find_edit_target(ip, args, opts, last_call)
 
     if exp_filename is not None:
         assert exp_filename == filename
     if exp_contents is not None:
         with io.open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
             contents = f.read()
         assert exp_contents == contents
     if exp_lineno != -1:
         assert exp_lineno == lineno
     if exp_is_temp is not None:
         assert exp_is_temp == is_temp
 
 
 def test_edit_interactive():
     """%edit on interactively defined objects"""
     ip = get_ipython()
     n = ip.execution_count
     ip.run_cell("def foo(): return 1", store_history=True)
 
     with pytest.raises(code.InteractivelyDefined) as e:
         _run_edit_test("foo")
     assert e.value.index == n
 
 
 def test_edit_cell():
     """%edit [cell id]"""
     ip = get_ipython()
 
     ip.run_cell("def foo(): return 1", store_history=True)
 
     # test
     _run_edit_test("1", exp_contents=ip.user_ns['In'][1], exp_is_temp=True)
 
 def test_edit_fname():
     """%edit file"""
     # test
     _run_edit_test("test file.py", exp_filename="test file.py")
 
 def test_bookmark():
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.run_line_magic('bookmark', 'bmname')
     with tt.AssertPrints('bmname'):
         ip.run_line_magic('bookmark', '-l')
     ip.run_line_magic('bookmark', '-d bmname')
 
 def test_ls_magic():
     ip = get_ipython()
     json_formatter = ip.display_formatter.formatters['application/json']
     json_formatter.enabled = True
     lsmagic = ip.magic('lsmagic')
     with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
         j = json_formatter(lsmagic)
     assert sorted(j) == ["cell", "line"]
     assert w == []  # no warnings
 
 
 def test_strip_initial_indent():
     def sii(s):
         lines = s.splitlines()
         return '\n'.join(code.strip_initial_indent(lines))
 
     assert sii("  a = 1\nb = 2") == "a = 1\nb = 2"
     assert sii("  a\n    b\nc") == "a\n  b\nc"
     assert sii("a\n  b") == "a\n  b"
 
 def test_logging_magic_quiet_from_arg():
     _ip.config.LoggingMagics.quiet = False
     lm = logging.LoggingMagics(shell=_ip)
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         try:
             with tt.AssertNotPrints(re.compile("Activating.*")):
                 lm.logstart('-q {}'.format(
                         os.path.join(td, "quiet_from_arg.log")))
         finally:
             _ip.logger.logstop()
 
 def test_logging_magic_quiet_from_config():
     _ip.config.LoggingMagics.quiet = True
     lm = logging.LoggingMagics(shell=_ip)
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         try:
             with tt.AssertNotPrints(re.compile("Activating.*")):
                 lm.logstart(os.path.join(td, "quiet_from_config.log"))
         finally:
             _ip.logger.logstop()
 
 
 def test_logging_magic_not_quiet():
     _ip.config.LoggingMagics.quiet = False
     lm = logging.LoggingMagics(shell=_ip)
     with TemporaryDirectory() as td:
         try:
             with tt.AssertPrints(re.compile("Activating.*")):
                 lm.logstart(os.path.join(td, "not_quiet.log"))
         finally:
             _ip.logger.logstop()
 
 
 def test_time_no_var_expand():
     _ip.user_ns['a'] = 5
     _ip.user_ns['b'] = []
     _ip.magic('time b.append("{a}")')
     assert _ip.user_ns['b'] == ['{a}']
 
 
 # this is slow, put at the end for local testing.
 def test_timeit_arguments():
     "Test valid timeit arguments, should not cause SyntaxError (GH #1269)"
     _ip.magic("timeit -n1 -r1 a=('#')")
 
 
+MINIMAL_LAZY_MAGIC = """
+from IPython.core.magic import (
+    Magics,
+    magics_class,
+    line_magic,
+    cell_magic,
+)
+
+
+@magics_class
+class LazyMagics(Magics):
+    @line_magic
+    def lazy_line(self, line):
+        print("Lazy Line")
+
+    @cell_magic
+    def lazy_cell(self, line, cell):
+        print("Lazy Cell")
+
+
+def load_ipython_extension(ipython):
+    ipython.register_magics(LazyMagics)
+"""
+
+
+def test_lazy_magics():
+    with pytest.raises(UsageError):
+        ip.run_line_magic("lazy_line", "")
+
+    startdir = os.getcwd()
+
+    with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        with prepended_to_syspath(tmpdir):
+            ptempdir = Path(tmpdir)
+            tf = ptempdir / "lazy_magic_module.py"
+            tf.write_text(MINIMAL_LAZY_MAGIC)
+            ip.magics_manager.register_lazy("lazy_line", Path(tf.name).name[:-3])
+            with tt.AssertPrints("Lazy Line"):
+                ip.run_line_magic("lazy_line", "")
+
+
 TEST_MODULE = """
 print('Loaded my_tmp')
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     print('I just ran a script')
 """
 
-
 def test_run_module_from_import_hook():
     "Test that a module can be loaded via an import hook"
     with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
         fullpath = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'my_tmp.py')
         Path(fullpath).write_text(TEST_MODULE)
 
         import importlib.abc
         import importlib.util
 
         class MyTempImporter(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder, importlib.abc.SourceLoader):
             def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
                 if fullname == "my_tmp":
                     return importlib.util.spec_from_loader(fullname, self)
 
             def get_filename(self, fullname):
                 assert fullname == "my_tmp"
                 return fullpath
 
             def get_data(self, path):
                 assert Path(path).samefile(fullpath)
                 return Path(fullpath).read_text()
 
         sys.meta_path.insert(0, MyTempImporter())
 
         with capture_output() as captured:
             _ip.magic("run -m my_tmp")
             _ip.run_cell("import my_tmp")
 
         output = "Loaded my_tmp\nI just ran a script\nLoaded my_tmp\n"
         assert output == captured.stdout
 
         sys.meta_path.pop(0)

IPython/core/tests/test_magic_terminal.py

@@ -1,187 +1,212 b''
 """Tests for various magic functions specific to the terminal frontend."""
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import sys
 from io import StringIO
 from unittest import TestCase
 
 from IPython.testing import tools as tt
-
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Test functions begin
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+
+MINIMAL_LAZY_MAGIC = """
+from IPython.core.magic import (
+    Magics,
+    magics_class,
+    line_magic,
+    cell_magic,
+)
+
+
+@magics_class
+class LazyMagics(Magics):
+    @line_magic
+    def lazy_line(self, line):
+        print("Lazy Line")
+
+    @cell_magic
+    def lazy_cell(self, line, cell):
+        print("Lazy Cell")
+
+
+def load_ipython_extension(ipython):
+    ipython.register_magics(LazyMagics)
+"""
+
 def check_cpaste(code, should_fail=False):
     """Execute code via 'cpaste' and ensure it was executed, unless
     should_fail is set.
     """
     ip.user_ns['code_ran'] = False
 
     src = StringIO()
     src.write(code)
     src.write('\n--\n')
     src.seek(0)
 
     stdin_save = sys.stdin
     sys.stdin = src
 
     try:
         context = tt.AssertPrints if should_fail else tt.AssertNotPrints
         with context("Traceback (most recent call last)"):
-                ip.magic('cpaste')
+            ip.run_line_magic("cpaste", "")
 
         if not should_fail:
             assert ip.user_ns['code_ran'], "%r failed" % code
     finally:
         sys.stdin = stdin_save
 
 def test_cpaste():
     """Test cpaste magic"""
 
     def runf():
         """Marker function: sets a flag when executed.
         """
         ip.user_ns['code_ran'] = True
         return 'runf' # return string so '+ runf()' doesn't result in success
 
     tests = {'pass': ["runf()",
                       "In [1]: runf()",
                       "In [1]: if 1:\n   ...:     runf()",
                       "> > > runf()",
                       ">>> runf()",
                       "   >>> runf()",
                       ],
 
              'fail': ["1 + runf()",
                       "++ runf()",
              ]}
 
     ip.user_ns['runf'] = runf
 
     for code in tests['pass']:
         check_cpaste(code)
 
     for code in tests['fail']:
         check_cpaste(code, should_fail=True)
 
 
+
 class PasteTestCase(TestCase):
     """Multiple tests for clipboard pasting"""
 
     def paste(self, txt, flags='-q'):
         """Paste input text, by default in quiet mode"""
-        ip.hooks.clipboard_get = lambda : txt
-        ip.magic('paste '+flags)
+        ip.hooks.clipboard_get = lambda: txt
+        ip.run_line_magic("paste", flags)
 
     def setUp(self):
         # Inject fake clipboard hook but save original so we can restore it later
         self.original_clip = ip.hooks.clipboard_get
 
     def tearDown(self): 
         # Restore original hook
         ip.hooks.clipboard_get = self.original_clip
        
     def test_paste(self):
         ip.user_ns.pop("x", None)
         self.paste("x = 1")
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["x"], 1)
         ip.user_ns.pop("x")
 
     def test_paste_pyprompt(self):
         ip.user_ns.pop("x", None)
         self.paste(">>> x=2")
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["x"], 2)
         ip.user_ns.pop("x")
 
     def test_paste_py_multi(self):
         self.paste("""
         >>> x = [1,2,3]
         >>> y = []
         >>> for i in x:
         ...     y.append(i**2)
         ... 
         """
         )
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["x"], [1, 2, 3])
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["y"], [1, 4, 9])
 
     def test_paste_py_multi_r(self):
         "Now, test that self.paste -r works"
         self.test_paste_py_multi()
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns.pop("x"), [1, 2, 3])
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns.pop("y"), [1, 4, 9])
         self.assertFalse("x" in ip.user_ns)
-        ip.magic("paste -r")
+        ip.run_line_magic("paste", "-r")
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["x"], [1, 2, 3])
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["y"], [1, 4, 9])
 
     def test_paste_email(self):
         "Test pasting of email-quoted contents"
         self.paste("""\
         >> def foo(x):
         >>     return x + 1
         >> xx = foo(1.1)"""
         )
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["xx"], 2.1)
 
     def test_paste_email2(self):
         "Email again; some programs add a space also at each quoting level"
         self.paste("""\
         > > def foo(x):
         > >     return x + 1
         > > yy = foo(2.1)     """
         )
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["yy"], 3.1)
 
     def test_paste_email_py(self):
         "Email quoting of interactive input"
         self.paste("""\
         >> >>> def f(x):
         >> ...   return x+1
         >> ... 
         >> >>> zz = f(2.5)      """
         )
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["zz"], 3.5)
 
     def test_paste_echo(self):
         "Also test self.paste echoing, by temporarily faking the writer"
         w = StringIO()
         old_write = sys.stdout.write
         sys.stdout.write = w.write
         code = """
         a = 100
         b = 200"""
         try:
             self.paste(code,'')
             out = w.getvalue()
         finally:
             sys.stdout.write = old_write
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["a"], 100)
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["b"], 200)
         assert out == code + "\n## -- End pasted text --\n"
 
     def test_paste_leading_commas(self):
         "Test multiline strings with leading commas"
         tm = ip.magics_manager.registry['TerminalMagics']
         s = '''\
 a = """
 ,1,2,3
 """'''
         ip.user_ns.pop("foo", None)
         tm.store_or_execute(s, "foo")
         self.assertIn("foo", ip.user_ns)
 
     def test_paste_trailing_question(self):
         "Test pasting sources with trailing question marks"
         tm = ip.magics_manager.registry['TerminalMagics']
         s = '''\
 def funcfoo():
    if True: #am i true?
        return 'fooresult'
 '''
         ip.user_ns.pop('funcfoo', None)
         self.paste(s)
         self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns["funcfoo"](), "fooresult")

IPython/terminal/ipapp.py

@@ -1,340 +1,342 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 The :class:`~IPython.core.application.Application` object for the command
 line :command:`ipython` program.
 """
 
 # Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 
 
 import logging
 import os
 import sys
 import warnings
 
 from traitlets.config.loader import Config
 from traitlets.config.application import boolean_flag, catch_config_error
 from IPython.core import release
 from IPython.core import usage
 from IPython.core.completer import IPCompleter
 from IPython.core.crashhandler import CrashHandler
 from IPython.core.formatters import PlainTextFormatter
 from IPython.core.history import HistoryManager
 from IPython.core.application import (
     ProfileDir, BaseIPythonApplication, base_flags, base_aliases
 )
+from IPython.core.magic import MagicsManager
 from IPython.core.magics import (
     ScriptMagics, LoggingMagics
 )
 from IPython.core.shellapp import (
     InteractiveShellApp, shell_flags, shell_aliases
 )
 from IPython.extensions.storemagic import StoreMagics
 from .interactiveshell import TerminalInteractiveShell
 from IPython.paths import get_ipython_dir
 from traitlets import (
     Bool, List, default, observe, Type
 )
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals, utilities and helpers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 _examples = """
 ipython --matplotlib       # enable matplotlib integration
 ipython --matplotlib=qt    # enable matplotlib integration with qt4 backend
 
 ipython --log-level=DEBUG  # set logging to DEBUG
 ipython --profile=foo      # start with profile foo
 
 ipython profile create foo # create profile foo w/ default config files
 ipython help profile       # show the help for the profile subcmd
 
 ipython locate             # print the path to the IPython directory
 ipython locate profile foo # print the path to the directory for profile `foo`
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Crash handler for this application
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class IPAppCrashHandler(CrashHandler):
     """sys.excepthook for IPython itself, leaves a detailed report on disk."""
 
     def __init__(self, app):
         contact_name = release.author
         contact_email = release.author_email
         bug_tracker = 'https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues'
         super(IPAppCrashHandler,self).__init__(
             app, contact_name, contact_email, bug_tracker
         )
 
     def make_report(self,traceback):
         """Return a string containing a crash report."""
 
         sec_sep = self.section_sep
         # Start with parent report
         report = [super(IPAppCrashHandler, self).make_report(traceback)]
         # Add interactive-specific info we may have
         rpt_add = report.append
         try:
             rpt_add(sec_sep+"History of session input:")
             for line in self.app.shell.user_ns['_ih']:
                 rpt_add(line)
             rpt_add('\n*** Last line of input (may not be in above history):\n')
             rpt_add(self.app.shell._last_input_line+'\n')
         except:
             pass
 
         return ''.join(report)
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Aliases and Flags
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 flags = dict(base_flags)
 flags.update(shell_flags)
 frontend_flags = {}
 addflag = lambda *args: frontend_flags.update(boolean_flag(*args))
 addflag('autoedit-syntax', 'TerminalInteractiveShell.autoedit_syntax',
         'Turn on auto editing of files with syntax errors.',
         'Turn off auto editing of files with syntax errors.'
 )
 addflag('simple-prompt', 'TerminalInteractiveShell.simple_prompt',
         "Force simple minimal prompt using `raw_input`",
         "Use a rich interactive prompt with prompt_toolkit",
 )
 
 addflag('banner', 'TerminalIPythonApp.display_banner',
         "Display a banner upon starting IPython.",
         "Don't display a banner upon starting IPython."
 )
 addflag('confirm-exit', 'TerminalInteractiveShell.confirm_exit',
     """Set to confirm when you try to exit IPython with an EOF (Control-D
     in Unix, Control-Z/Enter in Windows). By typing 'exit' or 'quit',
     you can force a direct exit without any confirmation.""",
     "Don't prompt the user when exiting."
 )
 addflag('term-title', 'TerminalInteractiveShell.term_title',
     "Enable auto setting the terminal title.",
     "Disable auto setting the terminal title."
 )
 classic_config = Config()
 classic_config.InteractiveShell.cache_size = 0
 classic_config.PlainTextFormatter.pprint = False
 classic_config.TerminalInteractiveShell.prompts_class='IPython.terminal.prompts.ClassicPrompts'
 classic_config.InteractiveShell.separate_in = ''
 classic_config.InteractiveShell.separate_out = ''
 classic_config.InteractiveShell.separate_out2 = ''
 classic_config.InteractiveShell.colors = 'NoColor'
 classic_config.InteractiveShell.xmode = 'Plain'
 
 frontend_flags['classic']=(
     classic_config,
     "Gives IPython a similar feel to the classic Python prompt."
 )
 # # log doesn't make so much sense this way anymore
 # paa('--log','-l',
 #     action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.logstart',
 #     help="Start logging to the default log file (./ipython_log.py).")
 #
 # # quick is harder to implement
 frontend_flags['quick']=(
     {'TerminalIPythonApp' : {'quick' : True}},
     "Enable quick startup with no config files."
 )
 
 frontend_flags['i'] = (
     {'TerminalIPythonApp' : {'force_interact' : True}},
     """If running code from the command line, become interactive afterwards.
     It is often useful to follow this with `--` to treat remaining flags as
     script arguments.
     """
 )
 flags.update(frontend_flags)
 
 aliases = dict(base_aliases)
 aliases.update(shell_aliases)
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class LocateIPythonApp(BaseIPythonApplication):
     description = """print the path to the IPython dir"""
     subcommands = dict(
         profile=('IPython.core.profileapp.ProfileLocate',
             "print the path to an IPython profile directory",
         ),
     )
     def start(self):
         if self.subapp is not None:
             return self.subapp.start()
         else:
             print(self.ipython_dir)
 
 
 class TerminalIPythonApp(BaseIPythonApplication, InteractiveShellApp):
     name = u'ipython'
     description = usage.cl_usage
     crash_handler_class = IPAppCrashHandler
     examples = _examples
 
     flags = flags
     aliases = aliases
     classes = List()
 
     interactive_shell_class = Type(
         klass=object,   # use default_value otherwise which only allow subclasses.
         default_value=TerminalInteractiveShell,
         help="Class to use to instantiate the TerminalInteractiveShell object. Useful for custom Frontends"
     ).tag(config=True)
 
     @default('classes')
     def _classes_default(self):
         """This has to be in a method, for TerminalIPythonApp to be available."""
         return [
             InteractiveShellApp, # ShellApp comes before TerminalApp, because
             self.__class__,      # it will also affect subclasses (e.g. QtConsole)
             TerminalInteractiveShell,
             HistoryManager,
+            MagicsManager,
             ProfileDir,
             PlainTextFormatter,
             IPCompleter,
             ScriptMagics,
             LoggingMagics,
             StoreMagics,
         ]
 
     subcommands = dict(
         profile = ("IPython.core.profileapp.ProfileApp",
             "Create and manage IPython profiles."
         ),
         kernel = ("ipykernel.kernelapp.IPKernelApp",
             "Start a kernel without an attached frontend."
         ),
         locate=('IPython.terminal.ipapp.LocateIPythonApp',
             LocateIPythonApp.description
         ),
         history=('IPython.core.historyapp.HistoryApp',
             "Manage the IPython history database."
         ),
     )
 
 
     # *do* autocreate requested profile, but don't create the config file.
     auto_create=Bool(True)
     # configurables
     quick = Bool(False,
         help="""Start IPython quickly by skipping the loading of config files."""
     ).tag(config=True)
     @observe('quick')
     def _quick_changed(self, change):
         if change['new']:
             self.load_config_file = lambda *a, **kw: None
 
     display_banner = Bool(True,
         help="Whether to display a banner upon starting IPython."
     ).tag(config=True)
 
     # if there is code of files to run from the cmd line, don't interact
     # unless the --i flag (App.force_interact) is true.
     force_interact = Bool(False,
         help="""If a command or file is given via the command-line,
         e.g. 'ipython foo.py', start an interactive shell after executing the
         file or command."""
     ).tag(config=True)
     @observe('force_interact')
     def _force_interact_changed(self, change):
         if change['new']:
             self.interact = True
 
     @observe('file_to_run', 'code_to_run', 'module_to_run')
     def _file_to_run_changed(self, change):
         new = change['new']
         if new:
             self.something_to_run = True
         if new and not self.force_interact:
                 self.interact = False
 
     # internal, not-configurable
     something_to_run=Bool(False)
 
     @catch_config_error
     def initialize(self, argv=None):
         """Do actions after construct, but before starting the app."""
         super(TerminalIPythonApp, self).initialize(argv)
         if self.subapp is not None:
             # don't bother initializing further, starting subapp
             return
         # print self.extra_args
         if self.extra_args and not self.something_to_run:
             self.file_to_run = self.extra_args[0]
         self.init_path()
         # create the shell
         self.init_shell()
         # and draw the banner
         self.init_banner()
         # Now a variety of things that happen after the banner is printed.
         self.init_gui_pylab()
         self.init_extensions()
         self.init_code()
 
     def init_shell(self):
         """initialize the InteractiveShell instance"""
         # Create an InteractiveShell instance.
         # shell.display_banner should always be False for the terminal
         # based app, because we call shell.show_banner() by hand below
         # so the banner shows *before* all extension loading stuff.
         self.shell = self.interactive_shell_class.instance(parent=self,
                         profile_dir=self.profile_dir,
                         ipython_dir=self.ipython_dir, user_ns=self.user_ns)
         self.shell.configurables.append(self)
 
     def init_banner(self):
         """optionally display the banner"""
         if self.display_banner and self.interact:
             self.shell.show_banner()
         # Make sure there is a space below the banner.
         if self.log_level <= logging.INFO: print()
 
     def _pylab_changed(self, name, old, new):
         """Replace --pylab='inline' with --pylab='auto'"""
         if new == 'inline':
             warnings.warn("'inline' not available as pylab backend, "
                       "using 'auto' instead.")
             self.pylab = 'auto'
 
     def start(self):
         if self.subapp is not None:
             return self.subapp.start()
         # perform any prexec steps:
         if self.interact:
             self.log.debug("Starting IPython's mainloop...")
             self.shell.mainloop()
         else:
             self.log.debug("IPython not interactive...")
             if not self.shell.last_execution_succeeded:
                 sys.exit(1)
 
 def load_default_config(ipython_dir=None):
     """Load the default config file from the default ipython_dir.
 
     This is useful for embedded shells.
     """
     if ipython_dir is None:
         ipython_dir = get_ipython_dir()
 
     profile_dir = os.path.join(ipython_dir, 'profile_default')
     app = TerminalIPythonApp()
     app.config_file_paths.append(profile_dir)
     app.load_config_file()
     return app.config
 
 launch_new_instance = TerminalIPythonApp.launch_instance
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     launch_new_instance()

docs/source/whatsnew/version7.rst

@@ -1,1740 +1,1758 b''
 ============
  7.x Series
 ============
 
 
+.. _version 7.32:
+
+IPython 7.32
+============
+
+
+The ability to configure magics to be lazily loaded has been added to IPython.
+See the ``ipython --help-all`` section on ``MagicsManager.lazy_magic``.
+One can now use::
+
+    c.MagicsManger.lazy_magics = {
+              "my_magic": "slow.to.import",
+              "my_other_magic": "also.slow",
+    }
+
+And on first use of ``%my_magic``, or corresponding cell magic, or other line magic,
+the corresponding ``load_ext`` will be called just before trying to invoke the magic.
+
 .. _version 7.31:
 
 IPython 7.31
 ============
 
 IPython 7.31 brings a couple of backports and fixes from the 8.0 branches,
 it is likely one of the last releases of the 7.x series, as 8.0 will probably be released
 between this release and what would have been 7.32.
 
 Please test 8.0 beta/rc releases in addition to this release.
 
 This Releases:
  - Backport some fixes for Python 3.10 (:ghpull:`13412`)
  - use full-alpha transparency on dvipng rendered LaTeX (:ghpull:`13372`)
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors to this release. You can find all individual
 contributions to this milestone `on github
 <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestone/95>`__.
 
 Thanks as well to the `D. E. Shaw group <https://deshaw.com/>`__ for sponsoring
 work on IPython and related libraries.
 
 
 .. _version 7.30:
 
 IPython 7.30
 ============
 
 IPython 7.30 fixes a couple of bugs introduce in previous releases (in
 particular with respect to path handling), and introduce a few features and
 improvements:
 
 Notably we will highlight :ghpull:`13267` "Document that ``%run`` can execute
 notebooks and ipy scripts.", which is the first commit of Fernando Pérez since
 mid 2016 (IPython 5.1). If you are new to IPython, Fernando created IPython in
 2001. The other most recent contribution of Fernando to IPython itself was
 May 2018, by reviewing and merging PRs. I want to note that Fernando is still
 active but mostly as a mentor and leader of the whole Jupyter organisation, but
 we're still happy to see him contribute code !
 
 :ghpull:`13290` "Use sphinxify (if available) in object_inspect_mime path"
 should allow richer Repr of docstrings when using jupyterlab inspector.
 
 :ghpull:`13311` make the debugger use ``ThreadPoolExecutor`` for debugger cmdloop.
 This should fix some issues/infinite loop, but let us know if you come across
 any regressions. In particular this fixes issues with `kmaork/madbg <https://github.com/kmaork/madbg>`_,
 a remote debugger for IPython.
 
 Note that this is likely the ante-penultimate release of IPython 7.x as a stable
 branch, as I hope to release IPython 8.0 as well as IPython 7.31 next
 month/early 2022.
 
 IPython 8.0 will drop support for Python 3.7, removed nose as a dependency, and
 7.x will only get critical bug fixes with 8.x becoming the new stable. This will
 not be possible without `NumFOCUS Small Development Grants
 <https://numfocus.org/programs/small-development-grants>`_ Which allowed us to
 hire `Nikita Kniazev <https://github.com/Kojoley>`_ who provide Python and C++
 help and contracting work.
 
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors to this release. You can find all individual
 contributions to this milestone `on github
 <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestone/94?closed=1>`__.
 
 Thanks as well to the `D. E. Shaw group <https://deshaw.com/>`__ for sponsoring
 work on IPython and related libraries.
 
 
 .. _version 7.29:
 
 IPython 7.29
 ============
 
 
 IPython 7.29 brings a couple of new functionalities to IPython and a number of bugfixes.
 It is one of the largest recent release, relatively speaking, with close to 15 Pull Requests.
 
 
  - fix an issue where base64 was returned instead of bytes when showing figures :ghpull:`13162`
  - fix compatibility with PyQt6, PySide 6 :ghpull:`13172`. This may be of
    interest if you are running on Apple Silicon as only qt6.2+ is natively
    compatible.
  - fix matplotlib qtagg eventloop :ghpull:`13179`
  - Multiple docs fixes, typos, ... etc.
  - Debugger will now exit by default on SigInt :ghpull:`13218`, this will be
    useful in notebook/lab if you forgot to exit the debugger. "Interrupt Kernel"
    will now exist the debugger.
 
 It give Pdb the ability to skip code in decorators. If functions contain a
 special value names ``__debuggerskip__ = True|False``, the function will not be
 stepped into, and Pdb will step into lower frames only if the value is set to
 ``False``. The exact behavior is still likely to have corner cases and will be
 refined in subsequent releases. Feedback welcome. See the debugger module
 documentation for more info. Thanks to the `D. E. Shaw
 group <https://deshaw.com/>`__ for funding this feature.
 
 The main branch of IPython is receiving a number of changes as we received a
 `NumFOCUS SDG <https://numfocus.org/programs/small-development-grants>`__
 ($4800), to help us finish replacing ``nose`` by ``pytest``, and make IPython
 future proof with an 8.0 release.
 
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors to this release. You can find all individual
 contributions to this milestone `on github
 <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestone/93>`__.
 
 Thanks as well to the `D. E. Shaw group <https://deshaw.com/>`__ for sponsoring
 work on IPython and related libraries.
 
 
 .. _version 7.28:
 
 IPython 7.28
 ============
 
 
 IPython 7.28 is again a minor release that mostly bring bugfixes, and couple of
 improvement. Many thanks to MrMino, who again did all the work this month, and
 made a number of documentation improvements.
 
 Here is a non-exhaustive list of changes,
 
 Fixes:
 
  - async with doesn't allow newlines :ghpull:`13090`
  - Dynamically changing to vi mode via %config magic) :ghpull:`13091`
 
 Virtualenv handling fixes:
 
  - init_virtualenv now uses Pathlib :ghpull:`12548`
  - Fix Improper path comparison of virtualenv directories :ghpull:`13140`
  - Fix virtual environment user warning for lower case pathes :ghpull:`13094`
  - Adapt to all sorts of drive names for cygwin :ghpull:`13153`
 
 New Features:
 
  - enable autoplay in embed YouTube player :ghpull:`13133`
 
  Documentation:
 
  - Fix formatting for the core.interactiveshell documentation :ghpull:`13118`
  - Fix broken ipyparallel's refs :ghpull:`13138`
  - Improve formatting of %time documentation :ghpull:`13125`
  - Reword the YouTubeVideo autoplay WN :ghpull:`13147`
 
 
 Highlighted features
 --------------------
 
 
 ``YouTubeVideo`` autoplay and the ability to add extra attributes to ``IFrame``
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 You can add any extra attributes to the ``<iframe>`` tag using the new
 ``extras`` argument in the ``IFrame`` class. For example::
 
     In [1]: from IPython.display import IFrame
 
     In [2]: IFrame(src="src", width=300, height=300, extras=['loading="eager"'])
 
 The above cells will result in the following HTML code being displayed in a
 notebook::
 
     <iframe
         width="300"
         height="300"
         src="src"
         frameborder="0"
         allowfullscreen
         loading="eager"
     ></iframe>
 
 Related to the above, the ``YouTubeVideo`` class now takes an
 ``allow_autoplay`` flag, which sets up the iframe of the embedded YouTube video
 such that it allows autoplay.
 
 .. note::
     Whether this works depends on the autoplay policy of the browser rendering
     the HTML allowing it. It also could get blocked by some browser extensions.
 
 Try it out!
 ::
 
     In [1]: from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo
 
     In [2]: YouTubeVideo("dQw4w9WgXcQ", allow_autoplay=True)
 
 
 
 Thanks
 ------
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors to this release. You can find all individual
 contributions to this milestone `on github
 <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestone/92>`__.
 
 Thanks as well to the `D. E. Shaw group <https://deshaw.com/>`__ for sponsoring
 work on IPython and related libraries.
 
 
 .. _version 7.27:
 
 IPython 7.27
 ============
 
 IPython 7.27 is a minor release that fixes a couple of issues and compatibility.
 
 - Add support for GTK4 :ghpull:`131011`
 - Add support for Qt6 :ghpull:`13085`
 - Fix an issue with pip magic on windows :ghpull:`13093`
 
 Thanks
 ------
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors to this release. You can find all individual
 contributions to this milestone `on github
 <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestone/91>`__.
 
 Thanks as well to the `D. E. Shaw group <https://deshaw.com/>`__ for sponsoring
 work on IPython and related libraries.
 
 .. _version 7.26:
 
 IPython 7.26
 ============
 
 IPython 7.26 is a minor release that fixes a couple of issues, updates in API
 and Copyright/Licenses issues around various part of the codebase.
 
 We'll highlight `this issue <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/13039>`
 pointing out we were including and refereeing to code from Stack Overflow which
 was CC-BY-SA, hence incompatible with the BSD license of IPython. This lead us
 to a rewriting of the corresponding logic which in our case was done in a more
 efficient way (in our case we were searching string prefixes instead of full
 strings).
 
 You will notice also a number of documentation improvements and cleanup.
 
 Of particular interest are the following Pull-requests:
 
 
  - The IPython directive now uses Sphinx logging for warnings. :ghpull:`13030`.
  - Add expiry days option to pastebin magic and change http protocol to https.
    :ghpull:`13056`
  - Make Ipython.utils.timing work with jupyterlite :ghpull:`13050`.
 
 Pastebin magic expiry days option
 ---------------------------------
 
 The Pastebin magic now has ``-e`` option to determine 
 the number of days for paste expiration. For example
 the paste that created with ``%pastebin -e 20 1`` magic will
 be available for next 20 days.
 
 
 
 
 
 Thanks
 ------
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors to this release and in particular MrMino who
 is doing most of the work those days. You can find all individual contributions
 to this milestone `on github <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestone/90>`__.
 
 Thanks as well to the `D. E. Shaw group <https://deshaw.com/>`__ for sponsoring
 work on IPython and related libraries.
 
 
 .. _version 7.25:
 
 IPython 7.25
 ============
 
 IPython 7.25 is a minor release that contains a single bugfix, which is highly
 recommended for all users of ipdb, ipython debugger %debug magic and similar.
 
 Issuing commands like ``where`` from within the debugger would reset the
 local variables changes made by the user. It is interesting to look at the root
 cause of the issue as accessing an attribute (``frame.f_locals``) would trigger
 this side effects.
 
 Thanks in particular to the patience from the reporters at D.E. Shaw for their
 initial bug report that was due to a similar coding oversight in an extension,
 and who took time to debug and narrow down the problem.
 
 Thanks
 ------
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors to this release you can find all individual
 contributions to this milestone `on github <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestone/89>`__.
 
 Thanks as well to the `D. E. Shaw group <https://deshaw.com/>`__ for sponsoring
 work on IPython and related libraries.
 
 
 .. _version 7.24:
 
 IPython 7.24
 ============
 
 Third release of IPython for 2021, mostly containing bug fixes. A couple of not
 typical updates:
 
 Misc
 ----
 
 
  - Fix an issue where ``%recall`` would both succeeded and print an error message
    it failed. :ghpull:`12952`
  - Drop support for NumPy 1.16 – practically has no effect beyond indicating in
    package metadata that we do not support it. :ghpull:`12937`
 
 Debugger improvements
 ---------------------
 
 The debugger (and ``%debug`` magic) have been improved and can skip or hide frames
 originating from files that are not writable to the user, as these are less
 likely to be the source of errors, or be part of system files this can be a useful
 addition when debugging long errors.
 
 In addition to the global ``skip_hidden True|False`` command, the debugger has
 gained finer grained control of predicates as to whether to a frame should be
 considered hidden. So far 3 predicates are available :
 
   - ``tbhide``: frames containing the local variable ``__tracebackhide__`` set to
     True.
   - ``readonly``: frames originating from readonly files, set to False.
   - ``ipython_internal``: frames that are likely to be from IPython internal
     code, set to True.
 
 You can toggle individual predicates during a session with
 
 .. code-block::
 
    ipdb> skip_predicates readonly True
 
 Read-only files will now be considered hidden frames.
 
 
 You can call ``skip_predicates`` without arguments to see the states of current
 predicates:
 
 .. code-block::
 
     ipdb> skip_predicates
     current predicates:
         tbhide : True
         readonly : False
         ipython_internal : True
 
 If all predicates are set to ``False``,  ``skip_hidden`` will practically have
 no effect. We attempt to warn you when all predicates are False.
 
 Note that the ``readonly`` predicate may increase disk access as we check for
 file access permission for all frames on many command invocation, but is usually
 cached by operating systems. Let us know if you encounter any issues.
 
 As the IPython debugger does not use the traitlets infrastructure for
 configuration, by editing your ``.pdbrc`` files and appending commands you would
 like to be executed just before entering the interactive prompt. For example:
 
 
 .. code::
 
     # file : ~/.pdbrc
     skip_predicates readonly True
     skip_predicates tbhide False
 
 Will hide read only frames by default and show frames marked with
 ``__tracebackhide__``.
 
 
 
 
 Thanks
 ------
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors to this release you can find all individual
 contributions to this milestone `on github <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestone/87>`__.
 
 Thanks as well to the `D. E. Shaw group <https://deshaw.com/>`__ for sponsoring
 work on IPython and related libraries, in particular above mentioned
 improvements to the debugger.
 
 
 
 
 .. _version 7.23:
 
 IPython 7.23 and 7.23.1
 =======================
 
 
 Third release of IPython for 2021, mostly containing bug fixes. A couple of not
 typical updates:
 
  - We moved to GitHub actions away from Travis-CI, the transition may not be
    100% complete (not testing on nightly anymore), but as we ran out of
    Travis-Ci hours on the IPython organisation that was a necessary step.
    :ghpull:`12900`.
 
  - We have a new dependency: ``matplotlib-inline``, which try to extract
    matplotlib inline backend specific behavior. It is available on PyPI and
    conda-forge thus should not be a problem to upgrade to this version. If you
    are a package maintainer that might be an extra dependency to package first.
    :ghpull:`12817` (IPython 7.23.1 fix a typo that made this change fail)
 
 In the addition/new feature category, ``display()`` now have a ``clear=True``
 option to clear the display if any further outputs arrives, allowing users to
 avoid having to use ``clear_output()`` directly. :ghpull:`12823`.
 
 In bug fixes category, this release fix an issue when printing tracebacks
 containing Unicode characters :ghpull:`12758`.
 
 In code cleanup category :ghpull:`12932` remove usage of some deprecated
 functionality for compatibility with Python 3.10.
 
 
 
 Thanks
 ------
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors to this release you can find all individual
 contributions to this milestone `on github <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestone/86>`__.
 In particular MrMino for responding to almost all new issues, and triaging many
 of the old ones, as well as takluyver, minrk, willingc for reacting quikly when
 we ran out of CI Hours.
 
 Thanks as well to organisations, QuantStack (martinRenou and SylvainCorlay) for
 extracting matplotlib inline backend into its own package, and the `D. E. Shaw group
 <https://deshaw.com/>`__ for sponsoring work on IPython and related libraries.
 
 
 .. _version 7.22:
 
 IPython 7.22
 ============
 
 Second release of IPython for 2021, mostly containing bug fixes. Here is a quick
 rundown of the few changes.
 
 - Fix some ``sys.excepthook`` shenanigan when embedding with qt, recommended if
   you – for example – use `napari <https://napari.org>`__. :ghpull:`12842`.
 - Fix bug when using the new ipdb ``%context`` magic :ghpull:`12844`
 - Couples of deprecation cleanup :ghpull:`12868`
 - Update for new dpast.com api if you use the ``%pastbin`` magic. :ghpull:`12712`
 - Remove support for numpy before 1.16. :ghpull:`12836`
 
 
 Thanks
 ------
 
 We have a new team member that you should see more often on the IPython
 repository, Błażej Michalik (@MrMino) have been doing regular contributions to
 IPython, and spent time replying to many issues and guiding new users to the
 codebase; they now have triage permissions to the IPython repository and we'll
 work toward giving them more permission in the future.
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors to this release you can find all individual
 contributions to this milestone `on github <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestone/84>`__.
 
 Thanks as well to organisations, QuantStack for working on debugger
 compatibility for Xeus_python, and the `D. E. Shaw group
 <https://deshaw.com/>`__ for sponsoring work on IPython and related libraries.
 
 .. _version 721:
 
 IPython 7.21
 ============
 
 IPython 7.21 is the first release we have back on schedule of one release every
 month; it contains a number of minor fixes and improvements, notably, the new
 context command for ipdb
 
 
 New "context" command in ipdb
 -----------------------------
 
 It is now possible to change the number of lines shown in the backtrace
 information in ipdb using "context" command. :ghpull:`12826`
 
 (thanks @MrMino, there are other improvement from them on master).
 
 Other notable changes in IPython 7.21
 -------------------------------------
 
 - Fix some issues on new osx-arm64 :ghpull:`12804`, :ghpull:`12807`. 
 - Compatibility with Xeus-Python for debugger protocol, :ghpull:`12809`
 - Misc docs fixes for compatibility and uniformity with Numpydoc.
   :ghpull:`12824`
 
 
 Thanks
 ------
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors to this release you can find all individual
 contribution to this milestone `on github <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestone/83>`__.
 
 
 .. _version 720:
 
 IPython 7.20
 ============
 
 IPython 7.20 is the accumulation of 3 month of work on IPython, spacing between
 IPython release have been increased from the usual once a month for various
 reason.
 
    - Mainly as I'm too busy and the effectively sole maintainer, and
    - Second because not much changes happened before mid December.
 
 The main driver for this release was the new version of Jedi 0.18 breaking API;
 which was taken care of in the master branch early in 2020 but not in 7.x as I
 though that by now 8.0 would be out.
 
 The inclusion of a resolver in pip did not help and actually made things worse.
 If usually I would have simply pinned Jedi to ``<0.18``; this is not a solution
 anymore as now pip is free to install Jedi 0.18, and downgrade IPython.
 
 I'll do my best to keep the regular release, but as the 8.0-dev branch and 7.x
 are starting to diverge this is becoming difficult in particular with my limited
 time, so if you have any cycles to spare I'll appreciate your help to respond to
 issues and pushing 8.0 forward.
 
 Here are thus some of the changes for IPython 7.20.
 
   - Support for PyQt5 >= 5.11 :ghpull:`12715`
   - ``%reset`` remove imports more agressively :ghpull:`12718`
   - fix the ``%conda`` magic :ghpull:`12739`
   - compatibility with Jedi 0.18, and bump minimum Jedi version. :ghpull:`12793`
 
 
 .. _version 719:
 
 IPython 7.19
 ============
 
 IPython 7.19 accumulative two month of works, bug fixes and improvements, there
 was exceptionally no release last month.
 
   - Fix to restore the ability to specify more than one extension using command
     line flags when using traitlets 5.0 :ghpull:`12543`
   - Docs docs formatting that make the install commands work on zsh
     :ghpull:`12587`
   - Always display the last frame in tracebacks even if hidden with
     ``__tracebackhide__`` :ghpull:`12601`
   - Avoid an issue where a callback can be registered multiple times.
     :ghpull:`12625`
   - Avoid an issue in debugger mode where frames changes could be lost.
     :ghpull:`12627`
 
   - Never hide the frames that invoke a debugger, even if marked as hidden by
     ``__tracebackhide__`` :ghpull:`12631`
   - Fix calling the debugger in a recursive manner :ghpull:`12659`
 
 
 A number of code changes have landed on master and we are getting close to
 enough new features and codebase improvement that a 8.0 start to make sens.
 For downstream packages, please start working on migrating downstream testing
 away from iptest and using pytest, as nose will not work on Python 3.10 and we
 will likely start removing it as a dependency for testing.
 
 .. _version 718:
 
 IPython 7.18
 ============
 
 IPython 7.18 is a minor release that mostly contains bugfixes.
 
  - ``CRLF`` is now handled by magics my default; solving some issues due to copy
    pasting on windows. :ghpull:`12475`
 
  - Requiring pexpect ``>=4.3`` as we are Python 3.7+ only and earlier version of
    pexpect will be incompatible. :ghpull:`12510`
 
  - Minimum jedi version is now 0.16. :ghpull:`12488`
 
 
 
 .. _version 717:
 
 IPython 7.17
 ============
 
 IPython 7.17 brings a couple of new improvements to API and a couple of user
 facing changes to make the terminal experience more user friendly.
 
 :ghpull:`12407` introduces the ability to pass extra argument to the IPython
 debugger class; this is to help a new project from ``kmaork``
 (https://github.com/kmaork/madbg) to feature a fully remote debugger.
 
 :ghpull:`12410` finally remove support for 3.6, while the codebase is still
 technically compatible; IPython will not install on Python 3.6.
 
 lots of work on the debugger and hidden frames from ``@impact27`` in
 :ghpull:`12437`, :ghpull:`12445`, :ghpull:`12460` and in particular
 :ghpull:`12453` which make the debug magic more robust at handling spaces.
 
 Biggest API addition is code transformation which is done before code execution;
 IPython allows a number of hooks to catch non-valid Python syntax (magic, prompt
 stripping...etc). Transformers are usually called many time; typically:
 
  - When trying to figure out whether the code is complete and valid (should we
    insert a new line or execute ?)
  - During actual code execution pass before giving the code to Python's
    ``exec``.
 
 This lead to issues when transformer might have had side effects; or do external
 queries. Starting with IPython 7.17 you can expect your transformer to be called
 less time.
 
 Input transformers are now called only once in the execution path of
 `InteractiveShell`, allowing to register transformer that potentially have side
 effects (note that this is not recommended). Internal methods `should_run_async`, and
 `run_cell_async` now take a recommended optional `transformed_cell`, and
 `preprocessing_exc_tuple` parameters that will become mandatory at some point in
 the future; that is to say cells need to be explicitly transformed to be valid
 Python syntax ahead of trying to run them. :ghpull:`12440`;
 
 ``input_transformers`` can now also have an attribute ``has_side_effects`` set
 to `True`, when this attribute is present; this  will prevent the transformers
 from being ran when IPython is trying to guess whether the user input is
 complete. Note that this may means you will need to explicitly execute in some
 case where your transformations are now not ran; but will not affect users with
 no custom extensions.
 
 
 API Changes
 -----------
 
 Change of API and exposed objects automatically detected using `frappuccino
 <https://pypi.org/project/frappuccino/>`_
 
 
  The following items are new since 7.16.0::
 
      + IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.get_local_scope(self, stack_depth)
 
  The following signatures differ since 7.16.0::
 
      - IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_cell_async(self, raw_cell, store_history=False, silent=False, shell_futures=True)
      + IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_cell_async(self, raw_cell, store_history=False, silent=False, shell_futures=True, *, transformed_cell=None, preprocessing_exc_tuple=None)
 
      - IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.should_run_async(self, raw_cell)
      + IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.should_run_async(self, raw_cell, *, transformed_cell=None, preprocessing_exc_tuple=None)
 
      - IPython.terminal.debugger.TerminalPdb.pt_init(self)
      + IPython.terminal.debugger.TerminalPdb.pt_init(self, pt_session_options=None)
 
 This method was added::
 
      + IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.get_local_scope
 
 Which is now also present on subclasses::
 
      + IPython.terminal.embed.InteractiveShellEmbed.get_local_scope
      + IPython.terminal.interactiveshell.TerminalInteractiveShell.get_local_scope
 
 
 .. _version 716:
 
 IPython 7.16.1, 7.16.2
 ======================
 
 IPython 7.16.1 was release immediately after 7.16.0 to fix a conda packaging issue.
 The source is identical to 7.16.0 but the file permissions in the tar are different.
 
 IPython 7.16.2 pins jedi dependency to "<=0.17.2" which should prevent some
 issues for users still on python 3.6. This may not be sufficient as pip may
 still allow to downgrade IPython.
 
 Compatibility with Jedi > 0.17.2 was not added as this would have meant bumping
 the minimal version to >0.16.
 
 IPython 7.16
 ============
 
 
 The default traceback mode will now skip frames that are marked with
 ``__tracebackhide__ = True`` and show how many traceback frames have been
 skipped. This can be toggled by using :magic:`xmode` with the ``--show`` or
 ``--hide`` attribute. It will have no effect on non verbose traceback modes.
 
 The ipython debugger also now understands ``__tracebackhide__`` as well and will
 skip hidden frames when displaying. Movement up and down the stack will skip the
 hidden frames and will show how many frames were hidden. Internal IPython frames
 are also now hidden by default. The behavior can be changed with the
 ``skip_hidden`` while in the debugger, command and accepts "yes", "no", "true"
 and "false" case insensitive parameters.
 
 
 Misc Noticeable changes:
 ------------------------
 
 - Exceptions are now (re)raised when running notebooks via the :magic:`%run`, helping to catch issues in workflows and
   pipelines. :ghpull:`12301`
 - Fix inputhook for qt 5.15.0 :ghpull:`12355`
 - Fix wx inputhook :ghpull:`12375`
 - Add handling for malformed pathext env var (Windows) :ghpull:`12367`
 - use $SHELL in system_piped :ghpull:`12360` for uniform behavior with
   ipykernel.
 
 Reproducible Build
 ------------------
 
 IPython 7.15 reproducible build did not work, so we try again this month
 :ghpull:`12358`.
 
 
 API Changes
 -----------
 
 Change of API and exposed objects automatically detected using `frappuccino
 <https://pypi.org/project/frappuccino/>`_ (still in beta):
 
 
 The following items are new and mostly related to understanding ``__tracebackhide__``::
 
     + IPython.core.debugger.Pdb.do_down(self, arg)
     + IPython.core.debugger.Pdb.do_skip_hidden(self, arg)
     + IPython.core.debugger.Pdb.do_up(self, arg)
     + IPython.core.debugger.Pdb.hidden_frames(self, stack)
     + IPython.core.debugger.Pdb.stop_here(self, frame)
 
 
 The following items have been removed::
 
     - IPython.core.debugger.Pdb.new_do_down
     - IPython.core.debugger.Pdb.new_do_up
 
 Those were implementation details.
 
 
 .. _version 715:
 
 IPython 7.15
 ============
 
 IPython 7.15 brings a number of bug fixes and user facing improvements.
 
 Misc Noticeable changes:
 ------------------------
 
  - Long completion name have better elision in terminal :ghpull:`12284`
  - I've started to test on Python 3.9 :ghpull:`12307` and fix some errors.
  - Hi DPI scaling of figures when using qt eventloop :ghpull:`12314`
  - Document the ability to have systemwide configuration for IPython.
    :ghpull:`12328`
  - Fix issues with input autoformatting :ghpull:`12336`
  - ``IPython.core.debugger.Pdb`` is now interruptible (:ghpull:`12168`, in 7.14
    but forgotten in release notes)
  - Video HTML attributes (:ghpull:`12212`, in 7.14 but forgotten in release
    notes)
 
 Reproducible Build
 ------------------
 
 Starting with IPython 7.15, I am attempting to provide reproducible builds,
 that is to say you should be able from the source tree to generate an sdist
 and wheel that are identical byte for byte with the publish version on PyPI.
 
 I've only tested on a couple of machines so far and the process is relatively
 straightforward, so this mean that IPython not only have a deterministic build
 process, but also I have either removed, or put under control all effects of
 the build environments on the final artifact.  I encourage you to attempt the
 build process on your machine as documented in :ref:`core_developer_guide`
 and let me know if you do not obtain an identical artifact.
 
 While reproducible builds is critical to check that the supply chain of (open
 source) software has not been compromised, it can also help to speedup many
 of the build processes in large environment (conda, apt...) by allowing
 better caching of intermediate build steps.
 
 Learn more on `<https://reproducible-builds.org/>`_. `Reflections on trusting
 trust <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/358198.358210>`_ is also one of the
 cornerstone and recommended reads on this subject.
 
 .. note::
 
    The build commit from which the sdist is generated is also `signed
    <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature>`_, so you should be able to
    check it has not been compromised, and the git repository is a `merkle-tree
    <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree>`_, you can check the consistency
    with `git-fsck <https://git-scm.com/docs/git-fsck>`_ which you likely `want
    to enable by default
    <https://gist.github.com/mbbx6spp/14b86437e794bffb4120>`_.
 
 NEP29: Last version to support Python 3.6
 -----------------------------------------
 
 IPython 7.15 will be the Last IPython version to officially support Python
 3.6, as stated by `NumPy Enhancement Proposal 29
 <https://numpy.org/neps/nep-0029-deprecation_policy.html>`_. Starting with
 next minor version of IPython I may stop testing on Python 3.6 and may stop
 publishing release artifacts that install on Python 3.6
 
 Highlighted features
 --------------------
 
 Highlighted features are not new, but seem to not be widely known, this
 section will help you discover in more narrative form what you can do with
 IPython.
 
 Increase Tab Completion Menu Height
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 In terminal IPython it is possible to increase the hight of the tab-completion
 menu. To do so set the value of
 :configtrait:`TerminalInteractiveShell.space_for_menu`, this will reserve more
 space at the bottom of the screen for various kind of menus in IPython including
 tab completion and searching in history. 
 
 Autoformat Code in the terminal
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 If you have a preferred code formatter, you can configure IPython to
 reformat your code. Set the value of
 :configtrait:`TerminalInteractiveShell.autoformatter` to for example ``'black'``
 and IPython will auto format your code when possible.
 
 
 .. _version 714:
 
 IPython 7.14
 ============
 
 IPython  7.14 is a minor release that fix a couple of bugs and prepare
 compatibility with new or future versions of some libraries. 
 
 Important changes:
 ------------------
 
  - Fix compatibility with Sphinx 3+ :ghpull:`12235`
  - Remove deprecated matplotlib parameter usage, compatibility with matplotlib
    3.3+ :`122250`
 
 Misc Changes
 ------------
 
  - set ``.py`` extension when editing current buffer in vi/emacs. :ghpull:`12167`
  - support for unicode identifiers in ``?``/``??`` :ghpull:`12208`
  - add extra options to the ``Video`` Rich objects :ghpull:`12212`
  - add pretty-printing to ``SimpleNamespace`` :ghpull:`12230`
 
 IPython.core.debugger.Pdb is now interruptible
 ----------------------------------------------
 
 A ``KeyboardInterrupt`` will now interrupt IPython's extended debugger, in order to make Jupyter able to interrupt it. (:ghpull:`12168`)
 
 Video HTML attributes
 ---------------------
 
 Add an option to `IPython.display.Video` to change the attributes of the HTML display of the video (:ghpull:`12212`)
 
 
 Pending deprecated imports
 --------------------------
 
 Many object present in ``IPython.core.display`` are there for internal use only,
 and should  already been imported from ``IPython.display`` by users and external
 libraries. Trying to import those from ``IPython.core.display`` is still possible
 but will trigger a
 deprecation warning in later versions of IPython and will become errors in the
 future. 
 
 This will simplify compatibility with other Python kernels (like Xeus-Python),
 and simplify code base. 
 
 
 
 
 .. _version 713:
 
 IPython 7.13
 ============
 
 IPython 7.13 is the final release of the 7.x branch since master is diverging
 toward an 8.0. Exiting new features have already been merged in 8.0 and will
 not be available on the 7.x branch. All the changes below have been backported
 from the master branch.
 
 
  - Fix inability to run PDB when inside an event loop :ghpull:`12141`
  - Fix ability to interrupt some processes on windows :ghpull:`12137`
  - Fix debugger shortcuts :ghpull:`12132`
  - improve tab completion when inside a string by removing irrelevant elements :ghpull:`12128`
  - Fix display of filename tab completion when the path is long :ghpull:`12122`
  - Many removal of Python 2 specific code path :ghpull:`12110`
  - displaying wav files do not require NumPy anymore, and is 5x to 30x faster :ghpull:`12113`
 
 See the list of all closed issues and pull request on `github
 <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/pulls?q=is%3Aclosed+milestone%3A7.13>`_.
 
 .. _version 712:
 
 IPython 7.12
 ============
 
 IPython 7.12 is a minor update that mostly brings code cleanup, removal of
 longtime deprecated function and a couple update to documentation cleanup as well.
 
 Notable changes are the following:
 
  - Exit non-zero when ipython is given a file path to run that doesn't exist :ghpull:`12074`
  - Test PR on ARM64 with Travis-CI :ghpull:`12073`
  - Update CI to work with latest Pytest :ghpull:`12086`
  - Add infrastructure to run ipykernel eventloop via trio :ghpull:`12097`
  - Support git blame ignore revs :ghpull:`12091`
  - Start multi-line ``__repr__`` s on their own line :ghpull:`12099`
 
 .. _version 7111:
 
 IPython 7.11.1
 ==============
 
 A couple of deprecated functions (no-op) have been reintroduces in py3compat as
 Cython was still relying on them, and will be removed in a couple of versions.
 
 .. _version 711:
 
 IPython 7.11
 ============
 
 IPython 7.11 received a couple of compatibility fixes and code cleanup.
 
 A number of function in the ``py3compat`` have been removed; a number of types
 in the IPython code base are now non-ambiguous and now always ``unicode``
 instead of ``Union[Unicode,bytes]``; many of the relevant code path have thus
 been simplified/cleaned and types annotation added.
 
 IPython support several verbosity level from exceptions. ``xmode plain`` now
 support chained exceptions. :ghpull:`11999`
 
 We are starting to remove ``shell=True`` in some usages of subprocess. While not directly
 a security issue (as IPython is made to run arbitrary code anyway) it is not good
 practice and we'd like to show the example. :ghissue:`12023`. This discussion
 was started by ``@mschwager`` thanks to a new auditing tool they are working on
 with duo-labs (`dlint <https://github.com/duo-labs/dlint>`_).
 
 Work around some bugs in Python 3.9 tokenizer :ghpull:`12057`
 
 IPython will now print its version after a crash. :ghpull:`11986`
 
 This is likely the last release from the 7.x series that will see new feature.
 The master branch will soon accept large code changes and thrilling new
 features; the 7.x branch will only start to accept critical bug fixes, and
 update dependencies.
 
 .. _version 7102:
 
 IPython 7.10.2
 ==============
 
 IPython 7.10.2 fix a couple of extra incompatibility between IPython, ipdb,
 asyncio and Prompt Toolkit 3.
 
 .. _version 7101:
 
 IPython 7.10.1
 ==============
 
 IPython 7.10.1 fix a couple of incompatibilities with Prompt toolkit 3 (please
 update Prompt toolkit to 3.0.2 at least), and fixes some interaction with
 headless IPython.
 
 .. _version 7100:
 
 IPython 7.10.0
 ==============
 
 IPython 7.10 is the first double digit minor release in the  last decade, and
 first since the release of IPython 1.0, previous double digit minor release was
 in August 2009.
 
 We've been trying to give you regular release on the last Friday of every month
 for a guaranty of rapid access to bug fixes and new features.
 
 Unlike the previous first few releases that have seen only a couple of code
 changes, 7.10 bring a number of changes, new features and bugfixes.
 
 Stop Support for Python 3.5 – Adopt NEP 29
 ------------------------------------------
 
 IPython has decided to follow the informational `NEP 29
 <https://numpy.org/neps/nep-0029-deprecation_policy.html>`_ which layout a clear
 policy as to which version of (C)Python and NumPy are supported.
 
 We thus dropped support for Python 3.5, and cleaned up a number of code path
 that were Python-version dependant. If you are on 3.5 or earlier pip should
 automatically give you the latest compatible version of IPython so you do not
 need to pin to a given version.
 
 Support for Prompt Toolkit 3.0
 ------------------------------
 
 Prompt Toolkit 3.0 was release a week before IPython 7.10 and introduces a few
 breaking changes. We believe IPython 7.10 should be compatible with both Prompt
 Toolkit 2.x and 3.x, though it has not been extensively tested with 3.x so
 please report any issues.
 
 
 Prompt Rendering Performance improvements
 -----------------------------------------
 
 Pull Request :ghpull:`11933` introduced an optimisation in the prompt rendering
 logic that should decrease the resource usage of IPython when using the
 _default_ configuration but could potentially introduce a regression of
 functionalities if you are using a custom prompt.
 
 We know assume if you haven't changed the default keybindings that the prompt
 **will not change** during the duration of your input – which is for example
 not true when using vi insert mode that switches between `[ins]` and `[nor]`
 for the current mode.
 
 If you are experiencing any issue let us know.
 
 Code autoformatting
 -------------------
 
 The IPython terminal can now auto format your code just before entering a new
 line or executing a command. To do so use the
 ``--TerminalInteractiveShell.autoformatter`` option and set it to ``'black'``;
 if black is installed IPython will use black to format your code when possible.
 
 IPython cannot always properly format your code; in particular it will
 auto formatting with *black* will only work if:
 
    - Your code does not contains magics or special python syntax.
 
    - There is no code after your cursor.
 
 The Black API is also still in motion; so this may not work with all versions of
 black.
 
 It should be possible to register custom formatter, though the API is till in
 flux.
 
 Arbitrary Mimetypes Handing in Terminal (Aka inline images in terminal)
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 When using IPython terminal it is now possible to register function to handle
 arbitrary mimetypes. While rendering non-text based representation was possible in
 many jupyter frontend; it was not possible in terminal IPython, as usually
 terminal are limited to displaying text. As many terminal these days provide
 escape sequences to display non-text; bringing this loved feature to IPython CLI
 made a lot of sens. This functionality will not only allow inline images; but
 allow opening of external program; for example ``mplayer`` to "display" sound
 files.
 
 So far only the hooks necessary for this are in place, but no default mime
 renderers added; so inline images will only be available via extensions. We will
 progressively enable these features by default in the next few releases, and
 contribution is welcomed.
 
 We welcome any feedback on the API. See :ref:`shell_mimerenderer` for more
 informations.
 
 This is originally based on work form in :ghpull:`10610` from @stephanh42
 started over two years ago, and still a lot need to be done.
 
 MISC
 ----
 
  - Completions can define their own ordering :ghpull:`11855`
  - Enable Plotting in the same cell than the one that import matplotlib
    :ghpull:`11916`
  - Allow to store and restore multiple variables at once :ghpull:`11930`
 
 You can see `all pull-requests <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/pulls?q=is%3Apr+milestone%3A7.10+is%3Aclosed>`_ for this release.
 
 API Changes
 -----------
 
 Change of API and exposed objects automatically detected using `frappuccino <https://pypi.org/project/frappuccino/>`_ (still in beta):
 
 The following items are new in IPython 7.10::
 
     + IPython.terminal.shortcuts.reformat_text_before_cursor(buffer, document, shell)
     + IPython.terminal.interactiveshell.PTK3
     + IPython.terminal.interactiveshell.black_reformat_handler(text_before_cursor)
     + IPython.terminal.prompts.RichPromptDisplayHook.write_format_data(self, format_dict, md_dict='None')
 
 The following items have been removed in 7.10::
 
     - IPython.lib.pretty.DICT_IS_ORDERED
 
 The following signatures differ between versions::
 
     - IPython.extensions.storemagic.restore_aliases(ip)
     + IPython.extensions.storemagic.restore_aliases(ip, alias='None')
 
 Special Thanks
 --------------
 
  - @stephanh42 who started the work on inline images in terminal 2 years ago
  - @augustogoulart who spent a lot of time triaging issues and responding to
    users.
  - @con-f-use who is my (@Carreau) first sponsor on GitHub, as a reminder if you
    like IPython, Jupyter and many other library of the SciPy stack you can
    donate to numfocus.org non profit
 
 .. _version 790:
 
 IPython 7.9.0
 =============
 
 IPython 7.9 is a small release with a couple of improvement and bug fixes.
 
  - Xterm terminal title should be restored on exit :ghpull:`11910`
  - special variables ``_``,``__``, ``___`` are not set anymore when cache size
    is 0 or less.  :ghpull:`11877`
  - Autoreload should have regained some speed by using a new heuristic logic to
    find all objects needing reload. This should avoid large objects traversal
    like pandas dataframes. :ghpull:`11876`
  - Get ready for Python 4. :ghpull:`11874`
  - `%env` Magic now has heuristic to hide potentially sensitive values :ghpull:`11896`
 
 This is a small release despite a number of Pull Request Pending that need to
 be reviewed/worked on. Many of the core developers have been busy outside of
 IPython/Jupyter and we thanks all contributor for their patience; we'll work on
 these as soon as we have time.
 
 
 .. _version780:
 
 IPython 7.8.0
 =============
 
 IPython 7.8.0 contain a few bugfix and 2 new APIs:
 
  - Enable changing the font color for LaTeX rendering :ghpull:`11840`
  - and Re-Expose some PDB API (see below)
 
 Expose Pdb API
 --------------
 
 Expose the built-in ``pdb.Pdb`` API. ``Pdb`` constructor arguments are generically
 exposed, regardless of python version.
 Newly exposed arguments:
 
 - ``skip`` - Python 3.1+
 - ``nosiginnt`` - Python 3.2+
 - ``readrc`` - Python 3.6+
 
 Try it out::
 
     from IPython.terminal.debugger import TerminalPdb
     pdb = TerminalPdb(skip=["skipthismodule"])
 
 
 See :ghpull:`11840`
 
 .. _version770:
 
 IPython 7.7.0
 =============
 
 IPython 7.7.0 contain multiple bug fixes and documentation updates; Here are a
 few of the outstanding issue fixed:
 
    - Fix a bug introduced in 7.6 where the ``%matplotlib`` magic would fail on
      previously acceptable arguments :ghpull:`11814`.
    - Fix the manage location on freebsd :ghpull:`11808`.
    - Fix error message about aliases after ``%reset`` call in ipykernel
      :ghpull:`11806`
    - Fix Duplication completions in emacs :ghpull:`11803`
 
 We are planning to adopt `NEP29 <https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/14086>`_
 (still currently in draft) which may make this minor version of IPython the
 last one to support Python 3.5 and will make the code base more aggressive
 toward removing compatibility with older versions of Python.
 
 GitHub now support to give only "Triage" permissions to users; if you'd like to
 help close stale issues and labels issues please reach to us with your GitHub
 Username and we'll add you to the triage team. It is a great way to start
 contributing and a path toward getting commit rights.
 
 .. _version761:
 
 IPython 7.6.1
 =============
 
 IPython 7.6.1 contain a critical bugfix in the ``%timeit`` magic, which would
 crash on some inputs as a side effect of :ghpull:`11716`. See :ghpull:`11812`
 
 
 .. _whatsnew760:
 
 IPython 7.6.0
 =============
 
 IPython 7.6.0 contains a couple of bug fixes and number of small features
 additions as well as some compatibility with the current development version of
 Python 3.8.
 
    - Add a ``-l`` option to :magic:`psearch` to list the available search
      types. :ghpull:`11672`
    - Support ``PathLike`` for ``DisplayObject`` and ``Image``. :ghpull:`11764`
    - Configurability of timeout in the test suite for slow platforms.
      :ghpull:`11756`
    - Accept any casing for matplotlib backend. :ghpull:`121748`
    - Properly skip test that requires numpy to be installed :ghpull:`11723`
    - More support for Python 3.8 and positional only arguments (pep570)
      :ghpull:`11720`
    - Unicode names for the completion are loaded lazily on first use which
      should decrease startup time. :ghpull:`11693`
    - Autoreload now update the types of reloaded objects; this for example allow
      pickling of reloaded objects. :ghpull:`11644`
    - Fix a bug where ``%%time`` magic would suppress cell output. :ghpull:`11716`
 
 
 Prepare migration to pytest (instead of nose) for testing
 ---------------------------------------------------------
 
 Most of the work between 7.5 and 7.6 was to prepare the migration from our
 testing framework to pytest. Most of the test suite should now work by simply
 issuing ``pytest`` from the root of the repository.
 
 The migration to pytest is just at its beginning. Many of our test still rely
 on IPython-specific plugins for nose using pytest (doctest using IPython syntax
 is one example of this where test appear as "passing", while no code has been
 ran). Many test also need to be updated like ``yield-test`` to be properly
 parametrized tests.
 
 Migration to pytest allowed me to discover a number of issues in our test
 suite; which was hiding a number of subtle issues – or not actually running
 some of the tests in our test suite – I have thus corrected many of those; like
 improperly closed resources; or used of deprecated features. I also made use of
 the ``pytest --durations=...`` to find some of our slowest test and speed them
 up (our test suite can now be up to 10% faster). Pytest as also a variety of
 plugins and flags which will make the code quality of IPython and the testing
 experience better.
 
 Misc
 ----
 
 We skipped the release of 7.6 at the end of May, but will attempt to get back
 on schedule. We are starting to think about making introducing backward
 incompatible change and start the 8.0 series.
 
 Special Thanks to Gabriel (@gpotter2 on GitHub), who among other took care many
 of the remaining task for 7.4 and 7.5, like updating the website.
 
 .. _whatsnew750:
 
 IPython 7.5.0
 =============
 
 IPython 7.5.0 consist mostly of bug-fixes, and documentation updates, with one
 minor new feature. The `Audio` display element can now be assigned an element
 id when displayed in browser. See :ghpull:`11670`
 
 The major outstanding bug fix correct a change of behavior that was introduce
 in 7.4.0 where some cell magics would not be able to access or modify global
 scope when using the ``@needs_local_scope`` decorator. This was typically
 encountered with the ``%%time`` and ``%%timeit`` magics. See :ghissue:`11659`
 and :ghpull:`11698`.
 
 .. _whatsnew740:
 
 IPython 7.4.0
 =============
 
 Unicode name completions
 ------------------------
 
 Previously, we provided completion for a unicode name with its relative symbol.
 With this, now IPython provides complete suggestions to unicode name symbols.
 
 As on the PR, if user types ``\LAT<tab>``, IPython provides a list of
 possible completions. In this case, it would be something like::
 
    'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A',
    'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B',
    'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C',
    'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D',
    ....
 
 This help to type unicode character that do not have short latex aliases, and
 have long unicode names. for example ``Ͱ``, ``\GREEK CAPITAL LETTER HETA``.
 
 This feature was contributed by Luciana Marques :ghpull:`11583`.
 
 Make audio normalization optional
 ---------------------------------
 
 Added 'normalize' argument to `IPython.display.Audio`. This argument applies
 when audio data is given as an array of samples. The default of `normalize=True`
 preserves prior behavior of normalizing the audio to the maximum possible range.
 Setting to `False` disables normalization.
 
 
 Miscellaneous
 -------------
 
  - Fix improper acceptation of ``return`` outside of functions. :ghpull:`11641`.
  - Fixed PyQt 5.11 backwards incompatibility causing sip import failure.
    :ghpull:`11613`.
  - Fix Bug where ``type?`` would crash IPython. :ghpull:`1608`.
  - Allow to apply ``@needs_local_scope`` to cell magics for convenience.
    :ghpull:`11542`.
 
 .. _whatsnew730:
 
 IPython 7.3.0
 =============
 
 .. _whatsnew720:
 
 IPython 7.3.0 bring several bug fixes and small improvements that you will
 described bellow. 
 
 The biggest change to this release is the implementation of the ``%conda`` and
 ``%pip`` magics, that will attempt to install packages in the **current
 environment**. You may still need to restart your interpreter or kernel for the
 change to be taken into account, but it should simplify installation of packages
 into remote environment. Installing using pip/conda from the command line is
 still the prefer method.
 
 The ``%pip`` magic was already present, but was only printing a warning; now it
 will actually forward commands to pip. 
 
 Misc bug fixes and improvements:
 
  - Compatibility with Python 3.8.
  - Do not expand shell variable in execution magics, and added the
    ``no_var_expand`` decorator for magic requiring a similar functionality
    :ghpull:`11516`
  - Add ``%pip`` and ``%conda`` magic :ghpull:`11524`
  - Re-initialize posix aliases after a ``%reset`` :ghpull:`11528`
  - Allow the IPython command line to run ``*.ipynb`` files :ghpull:`11529`
 
 IPython 7.2.0
 =============
 
 IPython 7.2.0 brings minor bugfixes, improvements, and new configuration options:
 
  - Fix a bug preventing PySide2 GUI integration from working :ghpull:`11464`
  - Run CI on Mac OS ! :ghpull:`11471`
  - Fix IPython "Demo" mode. :ghpull:`11498`
  - Fix ``%run`` magic  with path in name :ghpull:`11499`
  - Fix: add CWD to sys.path *after* stdlib :ghpull:`11502`
  - Better rendering of signatures, especially long ones. :ghpull:`11505`
  - Re-enable jedi by default if it's installed :ghpull:`11506`
  - Add New ``minimal`` exception reporting mode (useful for educational purpose). See :ghpull:`11509`
 
 
 Added ability to show subclasses when using pinfo and other utilities
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 When using ``?``/``??`` on a class, IPython will now list the first 10 subclasses.
 
 Special Thanks to Chris Mentzel of the Moore Foundation for this feature. Chris
 is one of the people who played a critical role in IPython/Jupyter getting
 funding.
 
 We are grateful for all the help Chris has given us over the years,
 and we're now proud to have code contributed by Chris in IPython.
 
 OSMagics.cd_force_quiet configuration option
 --------------------------------------------
 
 You can set this option to force the %cd magic to behave as if ``-q`` was passed:
 ::
 
     In [1]: cd /
     /
 
     In [2]: %config OSMagics.cd_force_quiet = True
 
     In [3]: cd /tmp
 
     In [4]:
 
 See :ghpull:`11491`
 
 In vi editing mode, whether the prompt includes the current vi mode can now be configured
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Set the ``TerminalInteractiveShell.prompt_includes_vi_mode`` to a boolean value
 (default: True) to control this feature. See :ghpull:`11492`
 
 .. _whatsnew710:
 
 IPython 7.1.0
 =============
 
 IPython 7.1.0 is the first minor release after 7.0.0 and mostly brings fixes to
 new features, internal refactoring, and fixes for regressions that happened during the 6.x->7.x
 transition. It also brings **Compatibility with Python 3.7.1**, as we're
 unwillingly relying on a bug in CPython.
 
 New Core Dev:
 
  - We welcome Jonathan Slenders to the commiters. Jonathan has done a fantastic
    work on prompt_toolkit, and we'd like to recognise his impact by giving him
    commit rights. :ghissue:`11397`
 
 Notable Changes
 
  - Major update of "latex to unicode" tab completion map (see below)
 
 Notable New Features:
 
  - Restore functionality and documentation of the **sphinx directive**, which
    is now stricter (fail on error by daefault), has new configuration options,
    has a brand new documentation page :ref:`ipython_directive` (which needs
    some cleanup). It is also now *tested* so we hope to have less regressions.
    :ghpull:`11402`
 
  - ``IPython.display.Video`` now supports ``width`` and ``height`` arguments,
    allowing a custom width and height to be set instead of using the video's
    width and height. :ghpull:`11353`
 
  - Warn when using ``HTML('<iframe>')`` instead of ``IFrame`` :ghpull:`11350`
 
  - Allow Dynamic switching of editing mode between vi/emacs and show
    normal/input mode in prompt when using vi. :ghpull:`11390`. Use ``%config
    TerminalInteractiveShell.editing_mode = 'vi'`` or ``%config
    TerminalInteractiveShell.editing_mode = 'emacs'`` to dynamically switch
    between modes.
 
 
 Notable Fixes:
 
  - Fix entering of **multi-line blocks in terminal** IPython, and various
    crashes in the new input transformation machinery :ghpull:`11354`,
    :ghpull:`11356`, :ghpull:`11358`. These also fix a **Compatibility bug
    with Python 3.7.1**.
 
  - Fix moving through generator stack in ipdb :ghpull:`11266`
 
  - %Magic command arguments now support quoting. :ghpull:`11330`
 
  - Re-add ``rprint`` and ``rprinte`` aliases. :ghpull:`11331`
 
  - Remove implicit dependency on ``ipython_genutils`` :ghpull:`11317`
 
  - Make ``nonlocal`` raise ``SyntaxError`` instead of silently failing in async
    mode. :ghpull:`11382`
 
  - Fix mishandling of magics and ``= !`` assignment just after a dedent in
    nested code blocks :ghpull:`11418`
 
  - Fix instructions for custom shortcuts :ghpull:`11426`
 
 
 Notable Internals improvements:
 
  - Use of ``os.scandir`` (Python 3 only) to speed up some file system operations.
    :ghpull:`11365`
 
  - use ``perf_counter`` instead of ``clock`` for more precise
    timing results with ``%time`` :ghpull:`11376`
 
 Many thanks to all the contributors and in particular to ``bartskowron`` and
 ``tonyfast`` who handled some pretty complicated bugs in the input machinery. We
 had a number of first time contributors and maybe hacktoberfest participants that
 made significant contributions and helped us free some time to focus on more
 complicated bugs.
 
 You
 can see all the closed issues and Merged PR, new features and fixes `here
 <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=+is%3Aclosed+milestone%3A7.1+>`_.
 
 Unicode Completion update
 -------------------------
 
 In IPython 7.1 the Unicode completion map has been updated and synchronized with
 the Julia language.
 
 Added and removed character characters:
 
  ``\jmath`` (``ȷ``), ``\\underleftrightarrow`` (U+034D, combining) have been
  added, while ``\\textasciicaron`` have been removed
 
 Some sequences have seen their prefix removed:
 
  - 6 characters ``\text...<tab>`` should now be inputed with ``\...<tab>`` directly,
  - 45 characters ``\Elz...<tab>`` should now be inputed with ``\...<tab>`` directly,
  - 65 characters ``\B...<tab>`` should now be inputed with ``\...<tab>`` directly,
  - 450 characters ``\m...<tab>`` should now be inputed with ``\...<tab>`` directly,
 
 Some sequences have seen their prefix shortened:
 
  - 5 characters ``\mitBbb...<tab>`` should now be inputed with ``\bbi...<tab>`` directly,
  - 52 characters ``\mit...<tab>`` should now be inputed with ``\i...<tab>`` directly,
  - 216 characters ``\mbfit...<tab>`` should now be inputed with ``\bi...<tab>`` directly,
  - 222 characters ``\mbf...<tab>`` should now be inputed with ``\b...<tab>`` directly,
 
 A couple of characters had their sequence simplified:
 
  - ``ð``, type ``\dh<tab>``, instead of ``\eth<tab>``
  - ``ħ``, type ``\hbar<tab>``, instead of ``\Elzxh<tab>``
  - ``ɸ``, type ``\ltphi<tab>``, instead of ``\textphi<tab>``
  - ``ϴ``, type ``\varTheta<tab>``, instead of ``\textTheta<tab>``
  - ``ℇ``, type ``\eulermascheroni<tab>``, instead of ``\Eulerconst<tab>``
  - ``ℎ``, type ``\planck<tab>``, instead of ``\Planckconst<tab>``
 
  - U+0336 (COMBINING LONG STROKE OVERLAY), type ``\strike<tab>``, instead of ``\Elzbar<tab>``.
 
 A couple of sequences have been updated:
 
  - ``\varepsilon`` now gives ``ɛ`` (GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON) instead of ``ε`` (GREEK LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL),
  - ``\underbar`` now gives U+0331 (COMBINING MACRON BELOW) instead of U+0332 (COMBINING LOW LINE).
 
 
 .. _whatsnew700:
 
 IPython 7.0.0
 =============
 
 Released Thursday September 27th, 2018
 
 IPython 7 includes major feature improvements.
 This is also the second major version of IPython to support only
 Python 3 – starting at Python 3.4. Python 2 is still community-supported
 on the bugfix only 5.x branch, but we remind you that Python 2 "end of life"
 is on Jan 1st 2020.
 
 We were able to backport bug fixes to the 5.x branch thanks to our backport bot which
 backported more than `70 Pull-Requests
 <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/pulls?page=3&q=is%3Apr+sort%3Aupdated-desc+author%3Aapp%2Fmeeseeksdev++5.x&utf8=%E2%9C%93>`_, but there are still many PRs that required manual work. This is an area of the project where you can easily contribute by looking for `PRs that still need manual backport <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues?q=label%3A%22Still+Needs+Manual+Backport%22+is%3Aclosed+sort%3Aupdated-desc>`_
 
 The IPython 6.x branch will likely not see any further release unless critical
 bugs are found.
 
 Make sure you have pip > 9.0 before upgrading. You should be able to update by running:
 
 .. code::
 
     pip install ipython --upgrade
 
 .. only:: ipydev
 
   If you are trying to install or update an ``alpha``, ``beta``, or ``rc``
   version, use pip ``--pre`` flag.
 
   .. code::
 
       pip install ipython --upgrade --pre
 
 
 Or, if you have conda installed: 
 
 .. code::
    
    conda install ipython
 
 
 
 Prompt Toolkit 2.0
 ------------------
 
 IPython 7.0+ now uses ``prompt_toolkit 2.0``. If you still need to use an earlier
 ``prompt_toolkit`` version, you may need to pin IPython to ``<7.0``.
 
 Autowait: Asynchronous REPL
 ---------------------------
 
 Staring with IPython 7.0 on Python 3.6+, IPython can automatically ``await``
 top level code. You should not need to access an event loop or runner
 yourself. To learn more, read the :ref:`autoawait` section of our docs, see
 :ghpull:`11265`, or try the following code::
 
     Python 3.6.0
     Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
     IPython 7.0.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
 
     In [1]: import aiohttp
        ...: result = aiohttp.get('https://api.github.com')
 
     In [2]: response = await result
     <pause for a few 100s ms>
 
     In [3]: await response.json()
     Out[3]:
     {'authorizations_url': 'https://api.github.com/authorizations',
      'code_search_url': 'https://api.github.com/search/code?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}',
     ...
     }
 
 .. note::
 
    Async integration is experimental code, behavior may change or be removed
    between Python and IPython versions without warnings.
 
 Integration is by default with `asyncio`, but other libraries can be configured --
 like ``curio`` or ``trio`` -- to improve concurrency in the REPL::
 
     In [1]: %autoawait trio
 
     In [2]: import trio
 
     In [3]: async def child(i):
        ...:     print("   child %s goes to sleep"%i)
        ...:     await trio.sleep(2)
        ...:     print("   child %s wakes up"%i)
 
     In [4]: print('parent start')
        ...: async with trio.open_nursery() as n:
        ...:     for i in range(3):
        ...:         n.spawn(child, i)
        ...: print('parent end')
     parent start
        child 2 goes to sleep
        child 0 goes to sleep
        child 1 goes to sleep
        <about 2 seconds pause>
        child 2 wakes up
        child 1 wakes up
        child 0 wakes up
     parent end
 
 See :ref:`autoawait` for more information.
 
 
 Asynchronous code in a Notebook interface or any other frontend using the
 Jupyter Protocol will require further updates to the IPykernel package.
 
 Non-Asynchronous code
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 As the internal API of IPython is now asynchronous, IPython needs to run under
 an event loop. In order to allow many workflows, (like using the :magic:`%run`
 magic, or copy-pasting code that explicitly starts/stop event loop), when
 top-level code is detected as not being asynchronous, IPython code is advanced
 via a pseudo-synchronous runner, and may not advance pending tasks.
 
 Change to Nested Embed
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The introduction of the ability to run async code had some effect on the
 ``IPython.embed()`` API. By default, embed will not allow you to run asynchronous
 code unless an event loop is specified.
 
 Effects on Magics
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Some magics will not work with async until they're updated.
 Contributions welcome.
 
 Expected Future changes
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 We expect more internal but public IPython functions to become ``async``, and
 will likely end up having a persistent event loop while IPython is running.
 
 Thanks
 ~~~~~~
 
 This release took more than a year in the making.
 The code was rebased a number of
 times; leading to commit authorship that may have been lost in the final
 Pull-Request. Huge thanks to many people for contribution, discussion, code,
 documentation, use-cases: dalejung, danielballan, ellisonbg, fperez, gnestor,
 minrk, njsmith, pganssle, tacaswell, takluyver , vidartf ... And many others.
 
 
 Autoreload Improvement
 ----------------------
 
 The magic :magic:`%autoreload 2 <autoreload>` now captures new methods added to
 classes. Earlier, only methods existing as of the initial import were being
 tracked and updated.  
 
 This new feature helps dual environment development - Jupyter+IDE - where the
 code gradually moves from notebook cells to package files as it gets
 structured.
 
 **Example**: An instance of the class ``MyClass`` will be able to access the
 method ``cube()`` after it is uncommented and the file ``file1.py`` is saved on
 disk.
 
 
 .. code::
 
    # notebook
 
    from mymodule import MyClass
    first = MyClass(5)
 
 .. code::
 
    # mymodule/file1.py
 
    class MyClass:
 
        def __init__(self, a=10):
            self.a = a
 
        def square(self):
            print('compute square')
            return self.a*self.a
 
        # def cube(self):
        #     print('compute cube')
        #     return self.a*self.a*self.a
 
 
 
 
 Misc
 ----
 
 The autoindent feature that was deprecated in 5.x was re-enabled and
 un-deprecated in :ghpull:`11257`
 
 Make :magic:`%run -n -i ... <run>` work correctly. Earlier, if :magic:`%run` was
 passed both arguments, ``-n`` would be silently ignored. See :ghpull:`10308`
 
 
 The :cellmagic:`%%script` (as well as :cellmagic:`%%bash`,
 :cellmagic:`%%ruby`... ) cell magics now raise by default if the return code of
 the given code is non-zero (thus halting execution of further cells in a
 notebook). The behavior can be disable by passing the ``--no-raise-error`` flag.
 
 
 Deprecations
 ------------
 
 A couple of unused functions and methods have been deprecated and will be removed
 in future versions:
 
   - ``IPython.utils.io.raw_print_err``
   - ``IPython.utils.io.raw_print``
 
   
 Backwards incompatible changes
 ------------------------------
 
 * The API for transforming input before it is parsed as Python code has been
   completely redesigned: any custom input transformations will need to be
   rewritten. See :doc:`/config/inputtransforms` for details of the new API.