use markdown package instead instead of subprocess

nbconvert.py

@@ -1,1439 +1,1432 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 """Convert IPython notebooks to other formats, such as ReST, and HTML.
 
 Example:
   ./nbconvert.py --format rst file.ipynb
 
 Produces 'file.rst', along with auto-generated figure files
 called nb_figure_NN.png.
 """
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import print_function
 
 # Stdlib
 import codecs
 import io
 import logging
 import os
 import pprint
 import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import json
 import copy
 from shutil import rmtree
+from markdown import markdown
 
 inkscape = 'inkscape'
 if sys.platform == 'darwin':
     inkscape = '/Applications/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/bin/inkscape'
     if not os.path.exists(inkscape):
         inkscape = None
 
 # From IPython
 from IPython.external import argparse
 from IPython.nbformat import current as nbformat
 from IPython.utils.text import indent
 from IPython.nbformat.v3.nbjson import BytesEncoder
 from IPython.utils import path, py3compat
 
 # local
 from decorators import DocInherit
 from lexers import IPythonLexer
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utility functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def DocInherit(f):
     return f
 
 def remove_fake_files_url(cell):
     """Remove from the cell source the /files/ pseudo-path we use.
     """
     src = cell.source
     cell.source = src.replace('/files/', '')
 
 
 # ANSI color functions:
 
 def remove_ansi(src):
     """Strip all ANSI color escape sequences from input string.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     src : string
 
     Returns
     -------
     string
     """
     return re.sub(r'\033\[(0|\d;\d\d)m', '', src)
 
 
 def ansi2html(txt):
     """Render ANSI colors as HTML colors
     
     This is equivalent to util.fixConsole in utils.js
     
     Parameters
     ----------
     txt : string
 
     Returns
     -------
     string
     """
     
     ansi_colormap = {
         '30': 'ansiblack',
         '31': 'ansired',
         '32': 'ansigreen',
         '33': 'ansiyellow',
         '34': 'ansiblue',
         '35': 'ansipurple',
         '36': 'ansicyan',
         '37': 'ansigrey',
         '01': 'ansibold',
     }
     
     # do ampersand first
     txt = txt.replace('&', '&')
     html_escapes = {
         '<': '&lt;',
         '>': '&gt;',
         "'": '&apos;',
         '"': '&quot;',
         '`': '&#96;',
     }
     for c, escape in html_escapes.iteritems():
         txt = txt.replace(c, escape)
     
     ansi_re = re.compile('\x1b' + r'\[([\dA-Fa-f;]*?)m')
     m = ansi_re.search(txt)
     opened = False
     cmds = []
     opener = ''
     closer = ''
     while m:
         cmds = m.groups()[0].split(';')
         closer = '</span>' if opened else ''
         opened = len(cmds) > 1 or cmds[0] != '0'*len(cmds[0]);
         classes = []
         for cmd in cmds:
             if cmd in ansi_colormap:
                 classes.append(ansi_colormap.get(cmd))
         
         if classes:
             opener = '<span class="%s">' % (' '.join(classes))
         else:
             opener = ''
         txt = re.sub(ansi_re, closer + opener, txt, 1)
         
         m = ansi_re.search(txt)
     
     if opened:
         txt += '</span>'
     return txt
 
 
 # Pandoc-dependent code
 
 def markdown2latex(src):
     """Convert a markdown string to LaTeX via pandoc.
 
     This function will raise an error if pandoc is not installed.
 
     Any error messages generated by pandoc are printed to stderr.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     src : string
       Input string, assumed to be valid markdown.
 
     Returns
     -------
     out : string
       Output as returned by pandoc.
     """
     p = subprocess.Popen('pandoc -f markdown -t latex'.split(),
                          stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
     out, err = p.communicate(src.encode('utf-8'))
     if err:
         print(err, file=sys.stderr)
     #print('*'*20+'\n', out, '\n'+'*'*20)  # dbg
     return unicode(out,'utf-8')
 
 
 def markdown2rst(src):
     """Convert a markdown string to LaTeX via pandoc.
 
     This function will raise an error if pandoc is not installed.
 
     Any error messages generated by pandoc are printed to stderr.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     src : string
       Input string, assumed to be valid markdown.
 
     Returns
     -------
     out : string
       Output as returned by pandoc.
     """
     p = subprocess.Popen('pandoc -f markdown -t rst'.split(),
                          stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
     out, err = p.communicate(src.encode('utf-8'))
     if err:
         print(err, file=sys.stderr)
     #print('*'*20+'\n', out, '\n'+'*'*20)  # dbg
     return unicode(out,'utf-8')
 
 
 def rst_directive(directive, text=''):
     out = [directive, '']
     if text:
         out.extend([indent(text), ''])
     return out
 
 
 def coalesce_streams(outputs):
     """merge consecutive sequences of stream output into single stream
     
     to prevent extra newlines inserted at flush calls
     
     TODO: handle \r deletion
     """
     new_outputs = []
     last = outputs[0]
     new_outputs = [last]
     for output in outputs[1:]:
         if (output.output_type == 'stream' and
             last.output_type == 'stream' and
             last.stream == output.stream
         ):
             last.text += output.text
         else:
             new_outputs.append(output)
     
     return new_outputs
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Class declarations
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class ConversionException(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 class Converter(object):
     default_encoding = 'utf-8'
     extension = str()
     figures_counter = 0
     infile = str()
     infile_dir = str()
     infile_root = str()
     files_dir = str()
     with_preamble = True
     user_preamble = None
     output = str()
     raw_as_verbatim = False
     
     def __init__(self, infile):
         self.infile = infile
         self.infile_dir, infile_root = os.path.split(infile)
         infile_root = os.path.splitext(infile_root)[0]
         files_dir = os.path.join(self.infile_dir, infile_root + '_files')
         if not os.path.isdir(files_dir):
             os.mkdir(files_dir)
         self.infile_root = infile_root
         self.files_dir = files_dir
         self.outbase = os.path.join(self.infile_dir, infile_root)
 
     def dispatch(self, cell_type):
         """return cell_type dependent render method,  for example render_code
         """
         return getattr(self, 'render_' + cell_type, self.render_unknown)
 
     def dispatch_display_format(self, format):
         """return output_type dependent render method,  for example render_output_text
         """
         return getattr(self, 'render_display_format_' + format, self.render_unknown_display)
 
     def convert(self, cell_separator='\n'):
         lines = []
         lines.extend(self.optional_header())
         converted_cells = []
         for worksheet in self.nb.worksheets:
             for cell in worksheet.cells:
                 #print(cell.cell_type)  # dbg
                 conv_fn = self.dispatch(cell.cell_type)
                 if cell.cell_type in ('markdown', 'raw'):
                     remove_fake_files_url(cell)
                 converted_cells.append('\n'.join(conv_fn(cell)))
         cell_lines = cell_separator.join(converted_cells).split('\n')
         lines.extend(cell_lines)
         lines.extend(self.optional_footer())
         return u'\n'.join(lines)
 
     def render(self):
         "read, convert, and save self.infile"
         if not hasattr(self, 'nb'):
             self.read()
         self.output = self.convert()
         return self.save()
 
     def read(self):
         "read and parse notebook into NotebookNode called self.nb"
         with open(self.infile) as f:
             self.nb = nbformat.read(f, 'json')
 
     def save(self, outfile=None, encoding=None):
         "read and parse notebook into self.nb"
         if outfile is None:
             outfile = self.outbase + '.' + self.extension
         if encoding is None:
             encoding = self.default_encoding
         with open(outfile, 'w') as f:
             f.write(self.output.encode(encoding))
         return os.path.abspath(outfile)
 
     def optional_header(self):
         return []
 
     def optional_footer(self):
         return []
 
     def _new_figure(self, data, fmt):
         """Create a new figure file in the given format.
 
         Returns a path relative to the input file.
         """
         figname = '%s_fig_%02i.%s' % (self.infile_root, 
                                       self.figures_counter, fmt)
         self.figures_counter += 1
         fullname = os.path.join(self.files_dir, figname)
 
         # Binary files are base64-encoded, SVG is already XML
         if fmt in ('png', 'jpg', 'pdf'):
             data = data.decode('base64')
             fopen = lambda fname: open(fname, 'wb')
         else:
             fopen = lambda fname: codecs.open(fname, 'wb', self.default_encoding)
             
         with fopen(fullname) as f:
             f.write(data)
             
         return fullname
 
     def render_heading(self, cell):
         """convert a heading cell
 
         Returns list."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def render_code(self, cell):
         """Convert a code cell
 
         Returns list."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def render_markdown(self, cell):
         """convert a markdown cell
 
         Returns list."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def _img_lines(self, img_file):
         """Return list of lines to include an image file."""
         # Note: subclasses may choose to implement format-specific _FMT_lines
         # methods if they so choose (FMT in {png, svg, jpg, pdf}).
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def render_display_data(self, output):
         """convert display data from the output of a code cell
 
         Returns list.
         """
         lines = []
 
         for fmt in output.keys():
             if fmt in ['png', 'svg', 'jpg', 'pdf']:
                 img_file = self._new_figure(output[fmt], fmt)
                 # Subclasses can have format-specific render functions (e.g.,
                 # latex has to auto-convert all SVG to PDF first).
                 lines_fun = getattr(self, '_%s_lines' % fmt, None)
                 if not lines_fun:
                     lines_fun = self._img_lines
                 lines.extend(lines_fun(img_file))
             elif fmt != 'output_type':
                 conv_fn = self.dispatch_display_format(fmt)
                 lines.extend(conv_fn(output))
         return lines
 
     def render_raw(self, cell):
         """convert a cell with raw text
 
         Returns list."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def render_unknown(self, cell):
         """Render cells of unkown type
 
         Returns list."""
         data = pprint.pformat(cell)
         logging.warning('Unknown cell: %s' % cell.cell_type)
         return self._unknown_lines(data)
 
     def render_unknown_display(self, output, type):
         """Render cells of unkown type
 
         Returns list."""
         data = pprint.pformat(output)
         logging.warning('Unknown output: %s' % output.output_type)
         return self._unknown_lines(data)
 
     def render_stream(self, output):
         """render the stream part of an output
 
         Returns list.
 
         Identical to render_display_format_text
         """
         return self.render_display_format_text(output)
 
     def render_pyout(self, output):
         """convert pyout part of a code cell
 
         Returns list."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
 
     def render_pyerr(self, output):
         """convert pyerr part of a code cell
 
         Returns list."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def _unknown_lines(self, data):
         """Return list of lines for an unknown cell.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         data : str
           The content of the unknown data as a single string.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     # These are the possible format types in an output node
 
     def render_display_format_text(self, output):
         """render the text part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def render_display_format_html(self, output):
         """render the html part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def render_display_format_latex(self, output):
         """render the latex part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def render_display_format_json(self, output):
         """render the json part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def render_display_format_javascript(self, output):
         """render the javascript part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
 
 class ConverterRST(Converter):
     extension = 'rst'
     heading_level = {1: '=', 2: '-', 3: '`', 4: '\'', 5: '.', 6: '~'}
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_heading(self, cell):
         marker = self.heading_level[cell.level]
         return ['{0}\n{1}\n'.format(cell.source, marker * len(cell.source))]
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_code(self, cell):
         if not cell.input:
             return []
 
         lines = ['In[%s]:' % cell.prompt_number, '']
         lines.extend(rst_directive('.. code:: python', cell.input))
 
         for output in cell.outputs:
             conv_fn = self.dispatch(output.output_type)
             lines.extend(conv_fn(output))
 
         return lines
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_markdown(self, cell):
         #return [cell.source]
         return [markdown2rst(cell.source)]
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_raw(self, cell):
         if self.raw_as_verbatim:
             return ['::', '', indent(cell.source), '']
         else:
             return [cell.source]
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_pyout(self, output):
         lines = ['Out[%s]:' % output.prompt_number, '']
 
         # output is a dictionary like object with type as a key
         if 'latex' in output:
             lines.extend(rst_directive('.. math::', output.latex))
 
         if 'text' in output:
             lines.extend(rst_directive('.. parsed-literal::', output.text))
 
         return lines
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_pyerr(self, output):
         # Note: a traceback is a *list* of frames.
         return ['::', '', indent(remove_ansi('\n'.join(output.traceback))), '']
 
     @DocInherit
     def _img_lines(self, img_file):
         return ['.. image:: %s' % img_file, '']
     
     @DocInherit
     def render_display_format_text(self, output):
         return rst_directive('.. parsed-literal::', output.text)
 
     @DocInherit
     def _unknown_lines(self, data):
         return rst_directive('.. warning:: Unknown cell') + [data]
 
     def render_display_format_html(self, output):
         """render the html part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return rst_directive('.. raw:: html', output.html)
 
     def render_display_format_latex(self, output):
         """render the latex part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return rst_directive('.. math::', output.latex)
 
     def render_display_format_json(self, output):
         """render the json part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return rst_directive('.. raw:: json', output.json)
 
 
     def render_display_format_javascript(self, output):
         """render the javascript part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return rst_directive('.. raw:: javascript', output.javascript)
 
 
 
 
 def highlight(src, lang='ipython'):
     """Return a syntax-highlighted version of the input source.
     """
     from pygments import highlight
     from pygments.lexers import get_lexer_by_name
     from pygments.formatters import HtmlFormatter
     
     if lang == 'ipython':
         lexer = IPythonLexer()
     else:
         lexer = get_lexer_by_name(lang, stripall=True)
         
     return highlight(src, lexer, HtmlFormatter())
 
 
 class ConverterMarkdown(Converter):
     extension = 'md'
 
     def __init__(self, infile, highlight_source=True, show_prompts=False,
                  inline_prompt=False):
         super(ConverterMarkdown, self).__init__(infile)
         self.highlight_source = highlight_source
         self.show_prompts = show_prompts
         self.inline_prompt = inline_prompt
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_heading(self, cell):
         return ['{0} {1}'.format('#'*cell.level, cell.source), '']
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_code(self, cell):
         if not cell.input:
             return []
         lines = []
         if self.show_prompts and not self.inline_prompt:
             lines.extend(['*In[%s]:*' % cell.prompt_number, ''])
         if self.show_prompts and self.inline_prompt:
             prompt = 'In[%s]: ' % cell.prompt_number
             input_lines = cell.input.split('\n')
             src = prompt + input_lines[0] + '\n' + indent('\n'.join(input_lines[1:]), nspaces=len(prompt))
         else:
             src = cell.input
         src = highlight(src) if self.highlight_source else indent(src)
         lines.extend([src, ''])
         if cell.outputs and self.show_prompts and not self.inline_prompt:
             lines.extend(['*Out[%s]:*' % cell.prompt_number, ''])
         for output in cell.outputs:
             conv_fn = self.dispatch(output.output_type)
             lines.extend(conv_fn(output))
 
         #lines.append('----')
         lines.append('')
         return lines
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_markdown(self, cell):
         return [cell.source, '']
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_raw(self, cell):
         if self.raw_as_verbatim:
             return [indent(cell.source), '']
         else:
             return [cell.source, '']
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_pyout(self, output):
         lines = []
         
         ## if 'text' in output:
         ##     lines.extend(['*Out[%s]:*' % output.prompt_number, ''])
 
         # output is a dictionary like object with type as a key
         if 'latex' in output:
             pass
 
         if 'text' in output:
             lines.extend(['<pre>', indent(output.text), '</pre>'])
 
         lines.append('')
         return lines
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_pyerr(self, output):
         # Note: a traceback is a *list* of frames.
         return [indent(remove_ansi('\n'.join(output.traceback))), '']
 
     @DocInherit
     def _img_lines(self, img_file):
         return ['', '![](%s)' % img_file, '']
     
     @DocInherit
     def render_display_format_text(self, output):
         return [indent(output.text)]
 
     @DocInherit
     def _unknown_lines(self, data):
         return ['Warning: Unknown cell', data]
 
     def render_display_format_html(self, output):
         """render the html part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return [output.html]
 
     def render_display_format_latex(self, output):
         """render the latex part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return ['LaTeX::', indent(output.latex)]
 
     def render_display_format_json(self, output):
         """render the json part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return ['JSON:', indent(output.json)]
 
 
     def render_display_format_javascript(self, output):
         """render the javascript part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return ['JavaScript:', indent(output.javascript)]
 
 
 def return_list(x):
     """Ensure that x is returned as a list or inside one"""
     return x if isinstance(x, list) else [x]
 
 
 # decorators for HTML output
 def output_container(f):
     """add a prompt-area next to an output"""
     def wrapped(self, output):
         rendered = f(self, output)
         if not rendered:
             # empty output
             return []
         lines = []
         lines.append('<div class="hbox output_area">')
         lines.extend(self._out_prompt(output))
         classes = "output_subarea output_%s" % output.output_type
         if output.output_type == 'stream':
             classes += " output_%s" % output.stream
         lines.append('<div class="%s">' % classes)
         lines.extend(rendered)
         lines.append('</div>') # subarea
         lines.append('</div>') # output_area
         
         return lines
     
     return wrapped
 
 def text_cell(f):
     """wrap text cells in appropriate divs"""
     def wrapped(self, cell):
         rendered = f(self, cell)
         classes = "text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html"
         lines = ['<div class="%s">' % classes] + rendered + ['</div>']
         return lines
     return wrapped
 
 class ConverterHTML(Converter):
     extension = 'html'
 
     def in_tag(self, tag, src, attrs={}):
         """Return a list of elements bracketed by the given tag"""
         attr_s = ""
         for attr, value in attrs.iteritems():
             attr_s += "%s=%s" % (attr, value)
         return ['<%s %s>' % (tag, attr_s), src, '</%s>' % tag]
     
     def _ansi_colored(self, text):
         return ['<pre>%s</pre>' % ansi2html(text)]
 
     def _stylesheet(self, fname):
         with io.open(fname, encoding='utf-8') as f:
             s = f.read()
         return self.in_tag('style', s, dict(type='text/css'))
 
     def _out_prompt(self, output):
         if output.output_type == 'pyout':
             n = output.prompt_number if output.prompt_number is not None else '&nbsp;'
             content = 'Out [%s]:' % n
         else:
             content = ''
         return ['<div class="prompt output_prompt">%s</div>' % content]
 
     def optional_header(self):
         from pygments.formatters import HtmlFormatter
         
         header = ['<html>', '<head>']
         
         static = os.path.join(path.get_ipython_package_dir(),
         'frontend', 'html', 'notebook', 'static',
         )
         here = os.path.split(os.path.abspath(__file__))[0]
         css = os.path.join(static, 'css')
         for sheet in [
             # do we need jquery and prettify?
             # os.path.join(static, 'jquery', 'css', 'themes', 'base', 'jquery-ui.min.css'),
             # os.path.join(static, 'prettify', 'prettify.css'),
             os.path.join(css, 'boilerplate.css'),
             os.path.join(css, 'fbm.css'),
             os.path.join(css, 'notebook.css'),
             os.path.join(css, 'renderedhtml.css'),
             # our overrides:
             os.path.join(here, 'css', 'static_html.css'),
         ]:
             header.extend(self._stylesheet(sheet))
         
         # pygments css
         pygments_css = HtmlFormatter().get_style_defs('.highlight')
         header.extend(self.in_tag('style', pygments_css, dict(type='text/css')))
         
         # TODO: this should be allowed to use local mathjax:
         header.extend(self.in_tag('script', '', {'type':'text/javascript',
             'src': '"https://c328740.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML"',
         }))
         with io.open(os.path.join(here, 'js', 'initmathjax.js'), encoding='utf-8') as f:
             header.extend(self.in_tag('script', f.read(), {'type': 'text/javascript'}))
         
         header.extend(['</head>', '<body>'])
         
         return header
 
     def optional_footer(self):
         lines = []
         lines.extend([
             '</body>',
             '</html>',
         ])
         return lines
 
     @DocInherit
     @text_cell
     def render_heading(self, cell):
         marker = cell.level
         return [u'<h{1}>\n  {0}\n</h{1}>'.format(cell.source, marker)]
     
     @DocInherit
     def render_code(self, cell):
         if not cell.input:
             return []
         
         lines = ['<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell vbox">']
         
         lines.append('<div class="input hbox">')
         n = cell.prompt_number if getattr(cell, 'prompt_number', None) is not None else '&nbsp;'
         lines.append('<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [%s]:</div>' % n)
         lines.append('<div class="input_area box-flex1">')
         lines.append(highlight(cell.input))
         lines.append('</div>') # input_area
         lines.append('</div>') # input
         
         if cell.outputs:
             lines.append('<div class="vbox output_wrapper">')
             lines.append('<div class="output vbox">')
             
             for output in coalesce_streams(cell.outputs):
                 conv_fn = self.dispatch(output.output_type)
                 lines.extend(conv_fn(output))
             
             lines.append('</div>') # output
             lines.append('</div>') # output_wrapper
         
         lines.append('</div>') # cell
         
         return lines
 
     @DocInherit
     @text_cell
     def render_markdown(self, cell):
-        p = subprocess.Popen(['markdown'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-        out, _ = p.communicate(cell.source.encode('utf-8'))
-        return [out.decode('utf-8')]
+        return [markdown(cell.source)]
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_raw(self, cell):
         if self.raw_as_verbatim:
             return self.in_tag('pre', cell.source)
         else:
             return [cell.source]
 
     @DocInherit
     @output_container
     def render_pyout(self, output):
         for fmt in ['html', 'latex', 'png', 'jpeg', 'svg', 'text']:
             if fmt in output:
                 conv_fn = self.dispatch_display_format(fmt)
                 return conv_fn(output)
         return []
 
     render_display_data = render_pyout
 
     @DocInherit
     @output_container
     def render_stream(self, output):
         return self._ansi_colored(output.text)
     
 
     @DocInherit
     @output_container
     def render_pyerr(self, output):
         # Note: a traceback is a *list* of frames.
         # lines = []
         
         # stb = 
         return self._ansi_colored('\n'.join(output.traceback))
 
     @DocInherit
     def _img_lines(self, img_file):
         return ['<img src="%s">' % img_file, '</img>']
 
     @DocInherit
     def _unknown_lines(self, data):
         return ['<h2>Warning:: Unknown cell</h2>'] + self.in_tag('pre', data)
 
 
     def render_display_format_png(self, output):
         """render the png part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return ['<img src="data:image/png;base64,%s"></img>' % output.png]
 
     def render_display_format_svg(self, output):
         """render the svg part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return [output.svg]
 
     def render_display_format_jpeg(self, output):
         """render the jpeg part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return ['<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,%s"></img>' % output.jpeg]
 
     def render_display_format_text(self, output):
         """render the text part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return self._ansi_colored(output.text)
 
     def render_display_format_html(self, output):
         """render the html part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return [output.html]
 
     def render_display_format_latex(self, output):
         """render the latex part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return [output.latex]
 
     def render_display_format_json(self, output):
         """render the json part of an output
 
         Returns [].
         """
         # html ignores json
         return []
 
 
     def render_display_format_javascript(self, output):
         """render the javascript part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return [output.javascript]
 
 
 class ConverterLaTeX(Converter):
     """Converts a notebook to a .tex file suitable for pdflatex.
 
     Note: this converter *needs*:
 
     - `pandoc`: for all conversion of markdown cells.  If your notebook only
        has Raw cells, pandoc will not be needed.
     
     -  `inkscape`: if your notebook has SVG figures.  These need to be
        converted to PDF before inclusion in the TeX file, as LaTeX doesn't
        understand SVG natively.
     
     You will in general obtain much better final PDF results if you configure
     the matplotlib backend to create SVG output with 
 
     %config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'svg'
 
     (or set the equivalent flag at startup or in your configuration profile).
     """
     extension = 'tex'
     documentclass = 'article'
     documentclass_options = '11pt,english'
     heading_map = {1: r'\section',
                    2: r'\subsection',
                    3: r'\subsubsection',
                    4: r'\paragraph',
                    5: r'\subparagraph',
                    6: r'\subparagraph'}
 
     def in_env(self, environment, lines):
         """Return list of environment lines for input lines
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         env : string
           Name of the environment to bracket with begin/end.
 
         lines: """
         out = [ur'\begin{%s}' % environment]
         if isinstance(lines, basestring):
             out.append(lines)
         else:  # list
             out.extend(lines)
         out.append(ur'\end{%s}' % environment)
         return out
 
     def convert(self):
         # The main body is done by the logic in the parent class, and that's
         # all we need if preamble support has been turned off.
         body = super(ConverterLaTeX, self).convert()
         if not self.with_preamble:
             return body
         # But if preamble is on, then we need to construct a proper, standalone
         # tex file.
         
         # Tag the document at the top and set latex class
         final = [ r'%% This file was auto-generated by IPython, do NOT edit',
                   r'%% Conversion from the original notebook file:',
                   r'%% {0}'.format(self.infile),
                   r'%%',
                   r'\documentclass[%s]{%s}' % (self.documentclass_options,
                                                self.documentclass),
                   '',
                  ]
         # Load our own preamble, which is stored next to the main file.  We
         # need to be careful in case the script entry point is a symlink
         myfile = __file__ if not os.path.islink(__file__) else \
           os.readlink(__file__)
         with open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(myfile), 'preamble.tex')) as f:
             final.append(f.read())
             
         # Load any additional user-supplied preamble
         if self.user_preamble:
             final.extend(['', '%% Adding user preamble from file:',
                           '%% {0}'.format(self.user_preamble), ''])
             with open(self.user_preamble) as f:
                 final.append(f.read())
                 
         # Include document body
         final.extend([ r'\begin{document}', '',
                        body,
                        r'\end{document}', ''])
         # Retun value must be a string
         return '\n'.join(final)
         
     @DocInherit
     def render_heading(self, cell):
         marker = self.heading_map[cell.level]
         return ['%s{%s}' % (marker, cell.source) ]
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_code(self, cell):
         if not cell.input:
             return []
 
         # Cell codes first carry input code, we use lstlisting for that
         lines = [ur'\begin{codecell}']
         
         lines.extend(self.in_env('codeinput',
                               self.in_env('lstlisting', cell.input)))
 
         outlines = []
         for output in cell.outputs:
             conv_fn = self.dispatch(output.output_type)
             outlines.extend(conv_fn(output))
 
         # And then output of many possible types; use a frame for all of it.
         if outlines:
             lines.extend(self.in_env('codeoutput', outlines))
 
         lines.append(ur'\end{codecell}')
 
         return lines
 
 
     @DocInherit
     def _img_lines(self, img_file):
         return self.in_env('center',
                 [r'\includegraphics[width=6in]{%s}' % img_file, r'\par'])
 
     def _svg_lines(self, img_file):
         base_file = os.path.splitext(img_file)[0]
         pdf_file = base_file + '.pdf'
         subprocess.check_call([ inkscape, '--export-pdf=%s' % pdf_file,
                                img_file])
         return self._img_lines(pdf_file)
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_markdown(self, cell):
         return [markdown2latex(cell.source)]
         
     @DocInherit
     def render_pyout(self, output):
         lines = []
 
         # output is a dictionary like object with type as a key
         if 'latex' in output:
             lines.extend(output.latex)
 
         if 'text' in output:
             lines.extend(self.in_env('verbatim', output.text))
 
         return lines
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_pyerr(self, output):
         # Note: a traceback is a *list* of frames.
         return self.in_env('traceback',
                         self.in_env('verbatim', 
                                  remove_ansi('\n'.join(output.traceback))))
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_raw(self, cell):
         if self.raw_as_verbatim:
             return self.in_env('verbatim', cell.source)
         else:
             return [cell.source]
 
     @DocInherit
     def _unknown_lines(self, data):
         return [r'{\vspace{5mm}\bf WARNING:: unknown cell:}'] + \
           self.in_env('verbatim', data)
 
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_display_format_text(self, output):
         lines = []
 
         if 'text' in output:
             lines.extend(self.in_env('verbatim', output.text.strip()))
 
         return lines
 
     def render_display_format_html(self, output):
         """render the html part of an output
 
         Returns [].
         """
         return []
 
     def render_display_format_latex(self, output):
         """render the latex part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         if type(output.latex) == type([]):
             return output.latex
         return [output.latex]
 
     def render_display_format_json(self, output):
         """render the json part of an output
 
         Returns [].
         """
         # latex ignores json
         return []
 
 
     def render_display_format_javascript(self, output):
         """render the javascript part of an output
 
         Returns [].
         """
         # latex ignores javascript
         return []
 
 class ConverterNotebook(Converter):
     """
     A converter that is essentially a null-op.
     This exists so it can be subclassed
     for custom handlers of .ipynb files 
     that create new .ipynb files.
 
     What distinguishes this from JSONWriter is that
     subclasses can specify what to do with each type of cell.
 
     Writes out a notebook file.
 
     """
     extension = 'ipynb'
 
     def __init__(self, infile, outbase):
         Converter.__init__(self, infile)
         self.outbase = outbase
         rmtree(self.files_dir)
 
     def convert(self):
         return json.dumps(json.loads(Converter.convert(self, ',')), indent=1, sort_keys=True)
 
     def optional_header(self):
         s = \
 """{
  "metadata": {
  "name": "%(name)s"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "worksheets": [
  {
  "cells": [""" % {'name':self.outbase}
 
         return s.split('\n')
 
     def optional_footer(self):
         s = \
 """]
   }
  ]
 }"""
         return s.split('\n')
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_heading(self, cell):
         return cell_to_lines(cell)
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_code(self, cell):
         return cell_to_lines(cell)
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_markdown(self, cell):
         return cell_to_lines(cell)
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_raw(self, cell):
         return cell_to_lines(cell)
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_pyout(self, output):
         return cell_to_lines(output)
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_pyerr(self, output):
         return cell_to_lines(output)
 
     @DocInherit
     def render_display_format_text(self, output):
         return [output.text]
 
     def render_display_format_html(self, output):
         """render the html part of an output
 
         Returns [].
         """
         return [output.html]
 
     def render_display_format_latex(self, output):
         """render the latex part of an output
 
         Returns list.
         """
         return [output.latex]
 
     def render_display_format_json(self, output):
         """render the json part of an output
 
         Returns [].
         """
         return [output.json]
 
 
     def render_display_format_javascript(self, output):
         """render the javascript part of an output
 
         Returns [].
         """
         return [output.javascript]
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Standalone conversion functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def rst2simplehtml(infile):
     """Convert a rst file to simplified html suitable for blogger.
 
     This just runs rst2html with certain parameters to produce really simple
     html and strips the document header, so the resulting file can be easily
     pasted into a blogger edit window.
     """
 
     # This is the template for the rst2html call that produces the cleanest,
     # simplest html I could find.  This should help in making it easier to
     # paste into the blogspot html window, though I'm still having problems
     # with linebreaks there...
     cmd_template = ("rst2html --link-stylesheet --no-xml-declaration "
                     "--no-generator --no-datestamp --no-source-link "
                     "--no-toc-backlinks --no-section-numbering "
                     "--strip-comments ")
 
     cmd = "%s %s" % (cmd_template, infile)
     proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                             shell=True)
     html, stderr = proc.communicate()
     if stderr:
         raise IOError(stderr)
 
     # Make an iterator so breaking out holds state.  Our implementation of
     # searching for the html body below is basically a trivial little state
     # machine, so we need this.
     walker = iter(html.splitlines())
 
     # Find start of main text, break out to then print until we find end /div.
     # This may only work if there's a real title defined so we get a 'div class'
     # tag, I haven't really tried.
     for line in walker:
         if line.startswith('<body>'):
             break
 
     newfname = os.path.splitext(infile)[0] + '.html'
     with open(newfname, 'w') as f:
         for line in walker:
             if line.startswith('</body>'):
                 break
             f.write(line)
             f.write('\n')
 
     return newfname
 
 
 def md2html(infile):
     """Convert a markdown file to simplified html suitable for blogger.
 
     """
-
-    proc = subprocess.Popen(['markdown', infile],
-                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                            stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-    html, stderr = proc.communicate()
-    if stderr:
-        raise IOError(stderr)
+    html = markdown(open(infile).read())
 
     from pygments.formatters import HtmlFormatter
     css = HtmlFormatter().get_style_defs('.highlight')
 
     template = """
 <!DOCTYPE HTML>
 <html>
 
 <head>
     <title>{infile}</title>
 
     <style type="text/css">
     {css}
     </style>
     
 </head>
     
 <body>
 {html}
 </body>
 
 </html>
     """
     full_html = template.format(**locals())
     newfname = os.path.splitext(infile)[0] + '.html'
     with open(newfname, 'w') as f:
         f.write(full_html)
 
     return newfname
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Cell-level functions -- similar to IPython.nbformat.v3.rwbase functions
 # but at cell level instead of whole notebook level
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def writes_cell(cell, **kwargs):
     kwargs['cls'] = BytesEncoder
     kwargs['indent'] = 3
     kwargs['sort_keys'] = True
     kwargs['separators'] = (',',': ')
     if kwargs.pop('split_lines', True):
         cell = split_lines_cell(copy.deepcopy(cell))
     return py3compat.str_to_unicode(json.dumps(cell, **kwargs), 'utf-8')
 
 
 _multiline_outputs = ['text', 'html', 'svg', 'latex', 'javascript', 'json']
 
 
 def split_lines_cell(cell):
     """
     Split lines within a cell as in 
     IPython.nbformat.v3.rwbase.split_lines
 
     """
     if cell.cell_type == 'code':
         if 'input' in cell and isinstance(cell.input, basestring):
             cell.input = (cell.input + '\n').splitlines()
         for output in cell.outputs:
             for key in _multiline_outputs:
                 item = output.get(key, None)
                 if isinstance(item, basestring):
                     output[key] = (item + '\n').splitlines()
     else: # text, heading cell
         for key in ['source', 'rendered']:
             item = cell.get(key, None)
             if isinstance(item, basestring):
                 cell[key] = (item + '\n').splitlines()
     return cell
 
 
 def cell_to_lines(cell):
     '''
     Write a cell to json, returning the split lines.
     '''
     split_lines_cell(cell)
     s = writes_cell(cell).strip()
     return s.split('\n')
 
 
 known_formats = "rst (default), html, quick-html, latex, markdown"
 
 def main(infile, format='rst'):
     """Convert a notebook to html in one step"""
     # XXX: this is just quick and dirty for now. When adding a new format,
     # make sure to add it to the `known_formats` string above, which gets
     # printed in in the catch-all else, as well as in the help
     if format == 'rst':
         converter = ConverterRST(infile)
         converter.render()
     elif format == 'markdown':
         converter = ConverterMarkdown(infile)
         converter.render()
     elif format == 'html':
         converter = ConverterHTML(infile)
         htmlfname = converter.render()
     elif format == 'latex':
         converter = ConverterLaTeX(infile)
         latexfname = converter.render()
     else:
         raise SystemExit("Unknown format '%s', " % format +
                 "known formats are: " + known_formats)
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Script main
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__,
             formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter)
     # TODO: consider passing file like object around, rather than filenames
     # would allow us to process stdin, or even http streams
     #parser.add_argument('infile', nargs='?', type=argparse.FileType('r'), default=sys.stdin)
 
     #Require a filename as a positional argument
     parser.add_argument('infile', nargs=1)
     parser.add_argument('-f', '--format', default='rst',
                         help='Output format. Supported formats: \n' +
                         known_formats)
     args = parser.parse_args()
     main(infile=args.infile[0], format=args.format)