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1 1 .. _nbconvert:
2 2
3 3 Converting notebooks to other formats
4 4 =====================================
5 5
6 6 Newly added in the 1.0 release of IPython is the ``nbconvert`` tool, which
7 7 allows you to convert an ``.ipynb`` notebook document file into various static
8 8 formats.
9 9
10 10 Currently, ``nbconvert`` is provided as a command line tool, run as a script
11 11 using IPython. A direct export capability from within the
12 12 IPython Notebook web app is planned.
13 13
14 14 The command-line syntax to run the ``nbconvert`` script is::
15 15
16 16 $ ipython nbconvert --to FORMAT notebook.ipynb
17 17
18 18 This will convert the IPython document file ``notebook.ipynb`` into the output
19 19 format given by the ``FORMAT`` string.
20 20
21 21 The default output format is html, for which the ``--to`` argument may be
22 22 omitted::
23 23
24 24 $ ipython nbconvert notebook.ipynb
25 25
26 26 IPython provides a few templates for some output formats, and these can be
27 27 specified via an additional ``--template`` argument.
28 28
29 29 The currently supported export formats are:
30 30
31 31 * ``--to html``
32 32
33 33 - ``--template full`` (default)
34 34
35 35 A full static HTML render of the notebook.
36 36 This looks very similar to the interactive view.
37 37
38 38 - ``--template basic``
39 39
40 40 Simplified HTML, useful for embedding in webpages, blogs, etc.
41 41 This excludes HTML headers.
42 42
43 43 * ``--to latex``
44 44
45 45 Latex export. This generates ``NOTEBOOK_NAME.tex`` file,
46 46 ready for export. You can automatically run latex on it to generate a PDF
47 47 by adding ``--post PDF``.
48 48
49 49 - ``--template article`` (default)
50 50
51 51 Latex article, derived from Sphinx's howto template.
52 52
53 53 - ``--template book``
54 54
55 55 Latex book, derived from Sphinx's manual template.
56 56
57 57 - ``--template basic``
58 58
59 59 Very basic latex output - mainly meant as a starting point for custom templates.
60 60
61 61 * ``--to slides``
62 62
63 63 This generates a Reveal.js HTML slideshow.
64 64 It must be served by an HTTP server. The easiest way to get this is to add
65 65 ``--post serve`` on the command-line.
66 66
67 67 * ``--to markdown``
68 68
69 69 Simple markdown output. Markdown cells are unaffected,
70 70 and code cells are placed in triple-backtick (``\`\`\```) blocks.
71 71
72 72 * ``--to rst``
73 73
74 74 Basic reStructuredText output. Useful as a starting point for embedding notebooks
75 75 in Sphinx docs.
76 76
77 77 * ``--to python``
78 78
79 79 Convert a notebook to an executable Python script.
80 80 This is the simplest way to get a Python script out of a notebook.
81 81 If there were any magics in the notebook, this may only be executable from
82 82 an IPython session.
83 83
84 .. note::
85
86 nbconvert uses pandoc_ to convert between various markup languages,
87 so pandoc is a dependency of most nbconvert transforms,
88 excluding Markdown and Python.
89
90 .. _pandoc: http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/
84 91
85 92 The output file created by ``nbconvert`` will have the same base name as
86 93 the notebook and will be placed in the current working directory. Any
87 94 supporting files (graphics, etc) will be placed in a new directory with the
88 95 same base name as the notebook, suffixed with ``_files``::
89 96
90 97 $ ipython nbconvert notebook.ipynb
91 98 $ ls
92 99 notebook.ipynb notebook.html notebook_files/
93 100
94 101 For simple single-file output, such as html, markdown, etc.,
95 102 the output may be sent to standard output with::
96 103
97 104 $ ipython nbconvert --to markdown notebook.ipynb --stdout
98 105
99 106 Multiple notebooks can be specified from the command line::
100 107
101 108 $ ipython nbconvert notebook*.ipynb
102 109 $ ipython nbconvert notebook1.ipynb notebook2.ipynb
103 110
104 111 or via a list in a configuration file, say ``mycfg.py``, containing the text::
105 112
106 113 c = get_config()
107 114 c.NbConvertApp.notebooks = ["notebook1.ipynb", "notebook2.ipynb"]
108 115
109 116 and using the command::
110 117
111 118 $ ipython nbconvert --config mycfg.py
112 119
113 120
114 121 .. _notebook_format:
115 122
116 123 Notebook JSON file format
117 124 -------------------------
118 125
119 126 Notebook documents are JSON files with an ``.ipynb`` extension, formatted
120 127 as legibly as possible with minimal extra indentation and cell content broken
121 128 across lines to make them reasonably friendly to use in version-control
122 129 workflows. You should be very careful if you ever manually edit this JSON
123 130 data, as it is extremely easy to corrupt its internal structure and make the
124 131 file impossible to load. In general, you should consider the notebook as a
125 132 file meant only to be edited by the IPython Notebook app itself, not for
126 133 hand-editing.
127 134
128 135 .. note::
129 136
130 137 Binary data such as figures are also saved directly in the JSON file.
131 138 This provides convenient single-file portability, but means that the
132 139 files can be large; a ``diff`` of binary data is also not very
133 140 meaningful. Since the binary blobs are encoded in a single line, they
134 141 affect only one line of the ``diff`` output, but they are typically very
135 142 long lines. You can use the ``Cell | All Output | Clear`` menu option to
136 143 remove all output from a notebook prior to committing it to version
137 144 control, if this is a concern.
138 145
139 146 The notebook server can also generate a pure Python version of your notebook,
140 147 using the ``File | Download as`` menu option. The resulting ``.py`` file will
141 148 contain all the code cells from your notebook verbatim, and all Markdown cells
142 149 prepended with a comment marker. The separation between code and Markdown
143 150 cells is indicated with special comments and there is a header indicating the
144 151 format version. All output is removed when exporting to Python.
145 152
146 153 As an example, consider a simple notebook called ``simple.ipynb`` which
147 154 contains one Markdown cell, with the content ``The simplest notebook.``, one
148 155 code input cell with the content ``print "Hello, IPython!"``, and the
149 156 corresponding output.
150 157
151 158 The contents of the notebook document ``simple.ipynb`` is the following JSON
152 159 container::
153 160
154 161 {
155 162 "metadata": {
156 163 "name": "simple"
157 164 },
158 165 "nbformat": 3,
159 166 "nbformat_minor": 0,
160 167 "worksheets": [
161 168 {
162 169 "cells": [
163 170 {
164 171 "cell_type": "markdown",
165 172 "metadata": {},
166 173 "source": "The simplest notebook."
167 174 },
168 175 {
169 176 "cell_type": "code",
170 177 "collapsed": false,
171 178 "input": "print \"Hello, IPython\"",
172 179 "language": "python",
173 180 "metadata": {},
174 181 "outputs": [
175 182 {
176 183 "output_type": "stream",
177 184 "stream": "stdout",
178 185 "text": "Hello, IPython\n"
179 186 }
180 187 ],
181 188 "prompt_number": 1
182 189 }
183 190 ],
184 191 "metadata": {}
185 192 }
186 193 ]
187 194 }
188 195
189 196
190 197 The corresponding Python script is::
191 198
192 199 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
193 200 # <nbformat>3.0</nbformat>
194 201
195 202 # <markdowncell>
196 203
197 204 # The simplest notebook.
198 205
199 206 # <codecell>
200 207
201 208 print "Hello, IPython"
202 209
203 210 Note that indeed the output of the code cell, which is present in the JSON
204 211 container, has been removed in the ``.py`` script.
205 212
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