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1 .. _nbconvert:
1 .. _nbconvert:
2
2
3 Converting notebooks to other formats
3 Converting notebooks to other formats
4 =====================================
4 =====================================
5
5
6 Newly added in the 1.0 release of IPython is the ``nbconvert`` tool, which
6 Newly added in the 1.0 release of IPython is the ``nbconvert`` tool, which
7 allows you to convert an ``.ipynb`` notebook document file into various static
7 allows you to convert an ``.ipynb`` notebook document file into various static
8 formats.
8 formats.
9
9
10 Currently, ``nbconvert`` is provided as a command line tool, run as a script
10 Currently, ``nbconvert`` is provided as a command line tool, run as a script
11 using IPython. A direct export capability from within the
11 using IPython. A direct export capability from within the
12 IPython Notebook web app is planned.
12 IPython Notebook web app is planned.
13
13
14 The command-line syntax to run the ``nbconvert`` script is::
14 The command-line syntax to run the ``nbconvert`` script is::
15
15
16 $ ipython nbconvert --to FORMAT notebook.ipynb
16 $ ipython nbconvert --to FORMAT notebook.ipynb
17
17
18 This will convert the IPython document file ``notebook.ipynb`` into the output
18 This will convert the IPython document file ``notebook.ipynb`` into the output
19 format given by the ``FORMAT`` string.
19 format given by the ``FORMAT`` string.
20
20
21 The default output format is html, for which the ``--to`` argument may be
21 The default output format is html, for which the ``--to`` argument may be
22 omitted::
22 omitted::
23
23
24 $ ipython nbconvert notebook.ipynb
24 $ ipython nbconvert notebook.ipynb
25
25
26 IPython provides a few templates for some output formats, and these can be
26 IPython provides a few templates for some output formats, and these can be
27 specified via an additional ``--template`` argument.
27 specified via an additional ``--template`` argument.
28
28
29 The currently supported export formats are:
29 The currently supported export formats are:
30
30
31 * ``--to html``
31 * ``--to html``
32
32
33 - ``--template full`` (default)
33 - ``--template full`` (default)
34
34
35 A full static HTML render of the notebook.
35 A full static HTML render of the notebook.
36 This looks very similar to the interactive view.
36 This looks very similar to the interactive view.
37
37
38 - ``--template basic``
38 - ``--template basic``
39
39
40 Simplified HTML, useful for embedding in webpages, blogs, etc.
40 Simplified HTML, useful for embedding in webpages, blogs, etc.
41 This excludes HTML headers.
41 This excludes HTML headers.
42
42
43 * ``--to latex``
43 * ``--to latex``
44
44
45 Latex export. This generates ``NOTEBOOK_NAME.tex`` file,
45 Latex export. This generates ``NOTEBOOK_NAME.tex`` file,
46 ready for export. You can automatically run latex on it to generate a PDF
46 ready for export. You can automatically run latex on it to generate a PDF
47 by adding ``--post PDF``.
47 by adding ``--post PDF``.
48
48
49 - ``--template article`` (default)
49 - ``--template article`` (default)
50
50
51 Latex article, derived from Sphinx's howto template.
51 Latex article, derived from Sphinx's howto template.
52
52
53 - ``--template book``
53 - ``--template book``
54
54
55 Latex book, derived from Sphinx's manual template.
55 Latex book, derived from Sphinx's manual template.
56
56
57 - ``--template basic``
57 - ``--template basic``
58
58
59 Very basic latex output - mainly meant as a starting point for custom templates.
59 Very basic latex output - mainly meant as a starting point for custom templates.
60
60
61 * ``--to slides``
61 * ``--to slides``
62
62
63 This generates a Reveal.js HTML slideshow.
63 This generates a Reveal.js HTML slideshow.
64 It must be served by an HTTP server. The easiest way to get this is to add
64 It must be served by an HTTP server. The easiest way to get this is to add
65 ``--post serve`` on the command-line.
65 ``--post serve`` on the command-line.
66
66
67 * ``--to markdown``
67 * ``--to markdown``
68
68
69 Simple markdown output. Markdown cells are unaffected,
69 Simple markdown output. Markdown cells are unaffected,
70 and code cells are placed in triple-backtick (``\`\`\```) blocks.
70 and code cells are placed in triple-backtick (``\`\`\```) blocks.
71
71
72 * ``--to rst``
72 * ``--to rst``
73
73
74 Basic reStructuredText output. Useful as a starting point for embedding notebooks
74 Basic reStructuredText output. Useful as a starting point for embedding notebooks
75 in Sphinx docs.
75 in Sphinx docs.
76
76
77 * ``--to python``
77 * ``--to python``
78
78
79 Convert a notebook to an executable Python script.
79 Convert a notebook to an executable Python script.
80 This is the simplest way to get a Python script out of a notebook.
80 This is the simplest way to get a Python script out of a notebook.
81 If there were any magics in the notebook, this may only be executable from
81 If there were any magics in the notebook, this may only be executable from
82 an IPython session.
82 an IPython session.
83
83
84 .. note::
85
86 nbconvert uses pandoc_ to convert between various markup languages,
87 so pandoc is a dependency of most nbconvert transforms,
88 excluding Markdown and Python.
89
90 .. _pandoc: http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/
84
91
85 The output file created by ``nbconvert`` will have the same base name as
92 The output file created by ``nbconvert`` will have the same base name as
86 the notebook and will be placed in the current working directory. Any
93 the notebook and will be placed in the current working directory. Any
87 supporting files (graphics, etc) will be placed in a new directory with the
94 supporting files (graphics, etc) will be placed in a new directory with the
88 same base name as the notebook, suffixed with ``_files``::
95 same base name as the notebook, suffixed with ``_files``::
89
96
90 $ ipython nbconvert notebook.ipynb
97 $ ipython nbconvert notebook.ipynb
91 $ ls
98 $ ls
92 notebook.ipynb notebook.html notebook_files/
99 notebook.ipynb notebook.html notebook_files/
93
100
94 For simple single-file output, such as html, markdown, etc.,
101 For simple single-file output, such as html, markdown, etc.,
95 the output may be sent to standard output with::
102 the output may be sent to standard output with::
96
103
97 $ ipython nbconvert --to markdown notebook.ipynb --stdout
104 $ ipython nbconvert --to markdown notebook.ipynb --stdout
98
105
99 Multiple notebooks can be specified from the command line::
106 Multiple notebooks can be specified from the command line::
100
107
101 $ ipython nbconvert notebook*.ipynb
108 $ ipython nbconvert notebook*.ipynb
102 $ ipython nbconvert notebook1.ipynb notebook2.ipynb
109 $ ipython nbconvert notebook1.ipynb notebook2.ipynb
103
110
104 or via a list in a configuration file, say ``mycfg.py``, containing the text::
111 or via a list in a configuration file, say ``mycfg.py``, containing the text::
105
112
106 c = get_config()
113 c = get_config()
107 c.NbConvertApp.notebooks = ["notebook1.ipynb", "notebook2.ipynb"]
114 c.NbConvertApp.notebooks = ["notebook1.ipynb", "notebook2.ipynb"]
108
115
109 and using the command::
116 and using the command::
110
117
111 $ ipython nbconvert --config mycfg.py
118 $ ipython nbconvert --config mycfg.py
112
119
113
120
114 .. _notebook_format:
121 .. _notebook_format:
115
122
116 Notebook JSON file format
123 Notebook JSON file format
117 -------------------------
124 -------------------------
118
125
119 Notebook documents are JSON files with an ``.ipynb`` extension, formatted
126 Notebook documents are JSON files with an ``.ipynb`` extension, formatted
120 as legibly as possible with minimal extra indentation and cell content broken
127 as legibly as possible with minimal extra indentation and cell content broken
121 across lines to make them reasonably friendly to use in version-control
128 across lines to make them reasonably friendly to use in version-control
122 workflows. You should be very careful if you ever manually edit this JSON
129 workflows. You should be very careful if you ever manually edit this JSON
123 data, as it is extremely easy to corrupt its internal structure and make the
130 data, as it is extremely easy to corrupt its internal structure and make the
124 file impossible to load. In general, you should consider the notebook as a
131 file impossible to load. In general, you should consider the notebook as a
125 file meant only to be edited by the IPython Notebook app itself, not for
132 file meant only to be edited by the IPython Notebook app itself, not for
126 hand-editing.
133 hand-editing.
127
134
128 .. note::
135 .. note::
129
136
130 Binary data such as figures are also saved directly in the JSON file.
137 Binary data such as figures are also saved directly in the JSON file.
131 This provides convenient single-file portability, but means that the
138 This provides convenient single-file portability, but means that the
132 files can be large; a ``diff`` of binary data is also not very
139 files can be large; a ``diff`` of binary data is also not very
133 meaningful. Since the binary blobs are encoded in a single line, they
140 meaningful. Since the binary blobs are encoded in a single line, they
134 affect only one line of the ``diff`` output, but they are typically very
141 affect only one line of the ``diff`` output, but they are typically very
135 long lines. You can use the ``Cell | All Output | Clear`` menu option to
142 long lines. You can use the ``Cell | All Output | Clear`` menu option to
136 remove all output from a notebook prior to committing it to version
143 remove all output from a notebook prior to committing it to version
137 control, if this is a concern.
144 control, if this is a concern.
138
145
139 The notebook server can also generate a pure Python version of your notebook,
146 The notebook server can also generate a pure Python version of your notebook,
140 using the ``File | Download as`` menu option. The resulting ``.py`` file will
147 using the ``File | Download as`` menu option. The resulting ``.py`` file will
141 contain all the code cells from your notebook verbatim, and all Markdown cells
148 contain all the code cells from your notebook verbatim, and all Markdown cells
142 prepended with a comment marker. The separation between code and Markdown
149 prepended with a comment marker. The separation between code and Markdown
143 cells is indicated with special comments and there is a header indicating the
150 cells is indicated with special comments and there is a header indicating the
144 format version. All output is removed when exporting to Python.
151 format version. All output is removed when exporting to Python.
145
152
146 As an example, consider a simple notebook called ``simple.ipynb`` which
153 As an example, consider a simple notebook called ``simple.ipynb`` which
147 contains one Markdown cell, with the content ``The simplest notebook.``, one
154 contains one Markdown cell, with the content ``The simplest notebook.``, one
148 code input cell with the content ``print "Hello, IPython!"``, and the
155 code input cell with the content ``print "Hello, IPython!"``, and the
149 corresponding output.
156 corresponding output.
150
157
151 The contents of the notebook document ``simple.ipynb`` is the following JSON
158 The contents of the notebook document ``simple.ipynb`` is the following JSON
152 container::
159 container::
153
160
154 {
161 {
155 "metadata": {
162 "metadata": {
156 "name": "simple"
163 "name": "simple"
157 },
164 },
158 "nbformat": 3,
165 "nbformat": 3,
159 "nbformat_minor": 0,
166 "nbformat_minor": 0,
160 "worksheets": [
167 "worksheets": [
161 {
168 {
162 "cells": [
169 "cells": [
163 {
170 {
164 "cell_type": "markdown",
171 "cell_type": "markdown",
165 "metadata": {},
172 "metadata": {},
166 "source": "The simplest notebook."
173 "source": "The simplest notebook."
167 },
174 },
168 {
175 {
169 "cell_type": "code",
176 "cell_type": "code",
170 "collapsed": false,
177 "collapsed": false,
171 "input": "print \"Hello, IPython\"",
178 "input": "print \"Hello, IPython\"",
172 "language": "python",
179 "language": "python",
173 "metadata": {},
180 "metadata": {},
174 "outputs": [
181 "outputs": [
175 {
182 {
176 "output_type": "stream",
183 "output_type": "stream",
177 "stream": "stdout",
184 "stream": "stdout",
178 "text": "Hello, IPython\n"
185 "text": "Hello, IPython\n"
179 }
186 }
180 ],
187 ],
181 "prompt_number": 1
188 "prompt_number": 1
182 }
189 }
183 ],
190 ],
184 "metadata": {}
191 "metadata": {}
185 }
192 }
186 ]
193 ]
187 }
194 }
188
195
189
196
190 The corresponding Python script is::
197 The corresponding Python script is::
191
198
192 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
199 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
193 # <nbformat>3.0</nbformat>
200 # <nbformat>3.0</nbformat>
194
201
195 # <markdowncell>
202 # <markdowncell>
196
203
197 # The simplest notebook.
204 # The simplest notebook.
198
205
199 # <codecell>
206 # <codecell>
200
207
201 print "Hello, IPython"
208 print "Hello, IPython"
202
209
203 Note that indeed the output of the code cell, which is present in the JSON
210 Note that indeed the output of the code cell, which is present in the JSON
204 container, has been removed in the ``.py`` script.
211 container, has been removed in the ``.py`` script.
205
212
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