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# encoding: utf-8
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"""
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Utilities for path handling.
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"""
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# Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
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# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
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import os
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import sys
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import errno
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import shutil
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import random
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import glob
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from IPython.utils.process import system
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Code
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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fs_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
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def _writable_dir(path):
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"""Whether `path` is a directory, to which the user has write access."""
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return os.path.isdir(path) and os.access(path, os.W_OK)
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if sys.platform == 'win32':
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def _get_long_path_name(path):
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"""Get a long path name (expand ~) on Windows using ctypes.
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Examples
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--------
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>>> get_long_path_name('c:\\\\docume~1')
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'c:\\\\Documents and Settings'
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"""
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try:
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import ctypes
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except ImportError as e:
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raise ImportError('you need to have ctypes installed for this to work') from e
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_GetLongPathName = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetLongPathNameW
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_GetLongPathName.argtypes = [ctypes.c_wchar_p, ctypes.c_wchar_p,
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ctypes.c_uint ]
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buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(260)
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rv = _GetLongPathName(path, buf, 260)
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if rv == 0 or rv > 260:
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return path
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else:
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return buf.value
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else:
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def _get_long_path_name(path):
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"""Dummy no-op."""
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return path
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def get_long_path_name(path):
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"""Expand a path into its long form.
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On Windows this expands any ~ in the paths. On other platforms, it is
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a null operation.
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"""
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return _get_long_path_name(path)
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def compress_user(path):
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"""Reverse of :func:`os.path.expanduser`
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"""
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home = os.path.expanduser('~')
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if path.startswith(home):
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path = "~" + path[len(home):]
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return path
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def get_py_filename(name):
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"""Return a valid python filename in the current directory.
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If the given name is not a file, it adds '.py' and searches again.
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Raises IOError with an informative message if the file isn't found.
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"""
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name = os.path.expanduser(name)
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if os.path.isfile(name):
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return name
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if not name.endswith(".py"):
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py_name = name + ".py"
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if os.path.isfile(py_name):
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return py_name
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raise IOError("File `%r` not found." % name)
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def filefind(filename: str, path_dirs=None) -> str:
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"""Find a file by looking through a sequence of paths.
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This iterates through a sequence of paths looking for a file and returns
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the full, absolute path of the first occurrence of the file. If no set of
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path dirs is given, the filename is tested as is, after running through
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:func:`expandvars` and :func:`expanduser`. Thus a simple call::
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filefind('myfile.txt')
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will find the file in the current working dir, but::
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filefind('~/myfile.txt')
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Will find the file in the users home directory. This function does not
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automatically try any paths, such as the cwd or the user's home directory.
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Parameters
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----------
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filename : str
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The filename to look for.
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path_dirs : str, None or sequence of str
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The sequence of paths to look for the file in. If None, the filename
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need to be absolute or be in the cwd. If a string, the string is
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put into a sequence and the searched. If a sequence, walk through
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each element and join with ``filename``, calling :func:`expandvars`
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and :func:`expanduser` before testing for existence.
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Returns
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-------
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path : str
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returns absolute path to file.
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Raises
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------
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IOError
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"""
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# If paths are quoted, abspath gets confused, strip them...
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filename = filename.strip('"').strip("'")
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# If the input is an absolute path, just check it exists
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if os.path.isabs(filename) and os.path.isfile(filename):
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return filename
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if path_dirs is None:
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path_dirs = ("",)
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elif isinstance(path_dirs, str):
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path_dirs = (path_dirs,)
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for path in path_dirs:
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if path == '.': path = os.getcwd()
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testname = expand_path(os.path.join(path, filename))
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if os.path.isfile(testname):
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return os.path.abspath(testname)
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raise IOError("File %r does not exist in any of the search paths: %r" %
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(filename, path_dirs) )
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class HomeDirError(Exception):
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pass
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def get_home_dir(require_writable=False) -> str:
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"""Return the 'home' directory, as a unicode string.
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Uses os.path.expanduser('~'), and checks for writability.
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See stdlib docs for how this is determined.
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For Python <3.8, $HOME is first priority on *ALL* platforms.
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For Python >=3.8 on Windows, %HOME% is no longer considered.
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Parameters
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----------
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require_writable : bool [default: False]
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if True:
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guarantees the return value is a writable directory, otherwise
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raises HomeDirError
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if False:
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The path is resolved, but it is not guaranteed to exist or be writable.
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"""
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homedir = os.path.expanduser('~')
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# Next line will make things work even when /home/ is a symlink to
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# /usr/home as it is on FreeBSD, for example
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homedir = os.path.realpath(homedir)
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if not _writable_dir(homedir) and os.name == 'nt':
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# expanduser failed, use the registry to get the 'My Documents' folder.
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try:
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import winreg as wreg
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with wreg.OpenKey(
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wreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
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r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders"
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) as key:
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homedir = wreg.QueryValueEx(key,'Personal')[0]
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except:
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pass
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if (not require_writable) or _writable_dir(homedir):
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assert isinstance(homedir, str), "Homedir should be unicode not bytes"
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return homedir
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else:
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raise HomeDirError('%s is not a writable dir, '
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'set $HOME environment variable to override' % homedir)
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def get_xdg_dir():
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"""Return the XDG_CONFIG_HOME, if it is defined and exists, else None.
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This is only for non-OS X posix (Linux,Unix,etc.) systems.
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"""
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env = os.environ
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if os.name == "posix":
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# Linux, Unix, AIX, etc.
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# use ~/.config if empty OR not set
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xdg = env.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", None) or os.path.join(get_home_dir(), '.config')
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if xdg and _writable_dir(xdg):
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assert isinstance(xdg, str)
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return xdg
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return None
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def get_xdg_cache_dir():
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"""Return the XDG_CACHE_HOME, if it is defined and exists, else None.
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This is only for non-OS X posix (Linux,Unix,etc.) systems.
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"""
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env = os.environ
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if os.name == "posix":
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# Linux, Unix, AIX, etc.
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# use ~/.cache if empty OR not set
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xdg = env.get("XDG_CACHE_HOME", None) or os.path.join(get_home_dir(), '.cache')
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if xdg and _writable_dir(xdg):
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assert isinstance(xdg, str)
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return xdg
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return None
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def expand_path(s):
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"""Expand $VARS and ~names in a string, like a shell
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:Examples:
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In [2]: os.environ['FOO']='test'
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In [3]: expand_path('variable FOO is $FOO')
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Out[3]: 'variable FOO is test'
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"""
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# This is a pretty subtle hack. When expand user is given a UNC path
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# on Windows (\\server\share$\%username%), os.path.expandvars, removes
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# the $ to get (\\server\share\%username%). I think it considered $
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# alone an empty var. But, we need the $ to remains there (it indicates
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# a hidden share).
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if os.name=='nt':
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s = s.replace('$\\', 'IPYTHON_TEMP')
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s = os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(s))
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if os.name=='nt':
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s = s.replace('IPYTHON_TEMP', '$\\')
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return s
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def unescape_glob(string):
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"""Unescape glob pattern in `string`."""
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def unescape(s):
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for pattern in '*[]!?':
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s = s.replace(r'\{0}'.format(pattern), pattern)
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return s
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return '\\'.join(map(unescape, string.split('\\\\')))
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def shellglob(args):
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"""
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Do glob expansion for each element in `args` and return a flattened list.
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Unmatched glob pattern will remain as-is in the returned list.
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"""
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expanded = []
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# Do not unescape backslash in Windows as it is interpreted as
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# path separator:
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unescape = unescape_glob if sys.platform != 'win32' else lambda x: x
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for a in args:
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expanded.extend(glob.glob(a) or [unescape(a)])
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return expanded
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def target_outdated(target,deps):
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"""Determine whether a target is out of date.
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target_outdated(target,deps) -> 1/0
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deps: list of filenames which MUST exist.
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target: single filename which may or may not exist.
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If target doesn't exist or is older than any file listed in deps, return
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true, otherwise return false.
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"""
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try:
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target_time = os.path.getmtime(target)
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except os.error:
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return 1
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for dep in deps:
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dep_time = os.path.getmtime(dep)
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if dep_time > target_time:
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#print "For target",target,"Dep failed:",dep # dbg
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#print "times (dep,tar):",dep_time,target_time # dbg
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return 1
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return 0
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def target_update(target,deps,cmd):
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"""Update a target with a given command given a list of dependencies.
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target_update(target,deps,cmd) -> runs cmd if target is outdated.
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This is just a wrapper around target_outdated() which calls the given
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command if target is outdated."""
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if target_outdated(target,deps):
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system(cmd)
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ENOLINK = 1998
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def link(src, dst):
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"""Hard links ``src`` to ``dst``, returning 0 or errno.
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Note that the special errno ``ENOLINK`` will be returned if ``os.link`` isn't
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supported by the operating system.
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"""
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if not hasattr(os, "link"):
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return ENOLINK
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link_errno = 0
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try:
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os.link(src, dst)
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except OSError as e:
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link_errno = e.errno
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return link_errno
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def link_or_copy(src, dst):
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"""Attempts to hardlink ``src`` to ``dst``, copying if the link fails.
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Attempts to maintain the semantics of ``shutil.copy``.
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Because ``os.link`` does not overwrite files, a unique temporary file
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will be used if the target already exists, then that file will be moved
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into place.
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"""
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if os.path.isdir(dst):
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dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
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link_errno = link(src, dst)
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if link_errno == errno.EEXIST:
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if os.stat(src).st_ino == os.stat(dst).st_ino:
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# dst is already a hard link to the correct file, so we don't need
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# to do anything else. If we try to link and rename the file
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# anyway, we get duplicate files - see http://bugs.python.org/issue21876
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return
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new_dst = dst + "-temp-%04X" %(random.randint(1, 16**4), )
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try:
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link_or_copy(src, new_dst)
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except:
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try:
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os.remove(new_dst)
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except OSError:
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pass
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raise
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os.rename(new_dst, dst)
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elif link_errno != 0:
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# Either link isn't supported, or the filesystem doesn't support
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# linking, or 'src' and 'dst' are on different filesystems.
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shutil.copy(src, dst)
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def ensure_dir_exists(path, mode=0o755):
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"""ensure that a directory exists
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If it doesn't exist, try to create it and protect against a race condition
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if another process is doing the same.
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The default permissions are 755, which differ from os.makedirs default of 777.
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"""
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if not os.path.exists(path):
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try:
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os.makedirs(path, mode=mode)
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except OSError as e:
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if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
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raise
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elif not os.path.isdir(path):
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raise IOError("%r exists but is not a directory" % path)
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