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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""Pylab (matplotlib) support utilities.
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Authors
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-------
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* Fernando Perez.
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* Brian Granger
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"""
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Copyright (C) 2009 The IPython Development Team
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
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# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Imports
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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import sys
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from io import BytesIO
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from IPython.core.display import _pngxy
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from IPython.utils.decorators import flag_calls
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# If user specifies a GUI, that dictates the backend, otherwise we read the
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# user's mpl default from the mpl rc structure
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backends = {'tk': 'TkAgg',
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'gtk': 'GTKAgg',
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'wx': 'WXAgg',
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'qt': 'Qt4Agg', # qt3 not supported
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'qt4': 'Qt4Agg',
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'osx': 'MacOSX',
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'inline' : 'module://IPython.kernel.zmq.pylab.backend_inline'}
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# We also need a reverse backends2guis mapping that will properly choose which
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# GUI support to activate based on the desired matplotlib backend. For the
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# most part it's just a reverse of the above dict, but we also need to add a
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# few others that map to the same GUI manually:
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backend2gui = dict(zip(backends.values(), backends.keys()))
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# In the reverse mapping, there are a few extra valid matplotlib backends that
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# map to the same GUI support
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backend2gui['GTK'] = backend2gui['GTKCairo'] = 'gtk'
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backend2gui['WX'] = 'wx'
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backend2gui['CocoaAgg'] = 'osx'
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Matplotlib utilities
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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def getfigs(*fig_nums):
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"""Get a list of matplotlib figures by figure numbers.
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If no arguments are given, all available figures are returned. If the
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argument list contains references to invalid figures, a warning is printed
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but the function continues pasting further figures.
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Parameters
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----------
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figs : tuple
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A tuple of ints giving the figure numbers of the figures to return.
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"""
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from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
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if not fig_nums:
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fig_managers = Gcf.get_all_fig_managers()
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return [fm.canvas.figure for fm in fig_managers]
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else:
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figs = []
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for num in fig_nums:
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f = Gcf.figs.get(num)
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if f is None:
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print('Warning: figure %s not available.' % num)
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else:
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figs.append(f.canvas.figure)
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return figs
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def figsize(sizex, sizey):
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"""Set the default figure size to be [sizex, sizey].
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This is just an easy to remember, convenience wrapper that sets::
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matplotlib.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = [sizex, sizey]
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"""
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import matplotlib
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matplotlib.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = [sizex, sizey]
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def print_figure(fig, fmt='png'):
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"""Convert a figure to svg or png for inline display."""
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from matplotlib import rcParams
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# When there's an empty figure, we shouldn't return anything, otherwise we
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# get big blank areas in the qt console.
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if not fig.axes and not fig.lines:
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return
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fc = fig.get_facecolor()
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ec = fig.get_edgecolor()
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bytes_io = BytesIO()
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dpi = rcParams['savefig.dpi']
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if fmt == 'retina':
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dpi = dpi * 2
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fmt = 'png'
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fig.canvas.print_figure(bytes_io, format=fmt, bbox_inches='tight',
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facecolor=fc, edgecolor=ec, dpi=dpi)
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data = bytes_io.getvalue()
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return data
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def retina_figure(fig):
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"""format a figure as a pixel-doubled (retina) PNG"""
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pngdata = print_figure(fig, fmt='retina')
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w, h = _pngxy(pngdata)
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metadata = dict(width=w//2, height=h//2)
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return pngdata, metadata
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# We need a little factory function here to create the closure where
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# safe_execfile can live.
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def mpl_runner(safe_execfile):
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"""Factory to return a matplotlib-enabled runner for %run.
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Parameters
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----------
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safe_execfile : function
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This must be a function with the same interface as the
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:meth:`safe_execfile` method of IPython.
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Returns
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-------
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A function suitable for use as the ``runner`` argument of the %run magic
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function.
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"""
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def mpl_execfile(fname,*where,**kw):
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"""matplotlib-aware wrapper around safe_execfile.
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Its interface is identical to that of the :func:`execfile` builtin.
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This is ultimately a call to execfile(), but wrapped in safeties to
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properly handle interactive rendering."""
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import matplotlib
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import matplotlib.pylab as pylab
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#print '*** Matplotlib runner ***' # dbg
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# turn off rendering until end of script
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is_interactive = matplotlib.rcParams['interactive']
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matplotlib.interactive(False)
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safe_execfile(fname,*where,**kw)
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matplotlib.interactive(is_interactive)
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# make rendering call now, if the user tried to do it
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if pylab.draw_if_interactive.called:
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pylab.draw()
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pylab.draw_if_interactive.called = False
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return mpl_execfile
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def select_figure_format(shell, fmt):
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"""Select figure format for inline backend, can be 'png', 'retina', or 'svg'.
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Using this method ensures only one figure format is active at a time.
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"""
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from matplotlib.figure import Figure
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from IPython.kernel.zmq.pylab import backend_inline
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svg_formatter = shell.display_formatter.formatters['image/svg+xml']
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png_formatter = shell.display_formatter.formatters['image/png']
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if fmt == 'png':
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svg_formatter.type_printers.pop(Figure, None)
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png_formatter.for_type(Figure, lambda fig: print_figure(fig, 'png'))
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elif fmt in ('png2x', 'retina'):
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svg_formatter.type_printers.pop(Figure, None)
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png_formatter.for_type(Figure, retina_figure)
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elif fmt == 'svg':
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png_formatter.type_printers.pop(Figure, None)
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svg_formatter.for_type(Figure, lambda fig: print_figure(fig, 'svg'))
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else:
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raise ValueError("supported formats are: 'png', 'retina', 'svg', not %r" % fmt)
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# set the format to be used in the backend()
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backend_inline._figure_format = fmt
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Code for initializing matplotlib and importing pylab
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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def find_gui_and_backend(gui=None, gui_select=None):
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"""Given a gui string return the gui and mpl backend.
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Parameters
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----------
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gui : str
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Can be one of ('tk','gtk','wx','qt','qt4','inline').
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gui_select : str
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Can be one of ('tk','gtk','wx','qt','qt4','inline').
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This is any gui already selected by the shell.
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Returns
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-------
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A tuple of (gui, backend) where backend is one of ('TkAgg','GTKAgg',
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'WXAgg','Qt4Agg','module://IPython.kernel.zmq.pylab.backend_inline').
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"""
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import matplotlib
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if gui and gui != 'auto':
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# select backend based on requested gui
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backend = backends[gui]
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else:
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backend = matplotlib.rcParams['backend']
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# In this case, we need to find what the appropriate gui selection call
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# should be for IPython, so we can activate inputhook accordingly
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gui = backend2gui.get(backend, None)
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# If we have already had a gui active, we need it and inline are the
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# ones allowed.
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if gui_select and gui != gui_select:
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gui = gui_select
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backend = backends[gui]
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return gui, backend
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def activate_matplotlib(backend):
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"""Activate the given backend and set interactive to True."""
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import matplotlib
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matplotlib.interactive(True)
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# Matplotlib had a bug where even switch_backend could not force
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# the rcParam to update. This needs to be set *before* the module
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# magic of switch_backend().
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matplotlib.rcParams['backend'] = backend
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import matplotlib.pyplot
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matplotlib.pyplot.switch_backend(backend)
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# This must be imported last in the matplotlib series, after
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# backend/interactivity choices have been made
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import matplotlib.pylab as pylab
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pylab.show._needmain = False
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# We need to detect at runtime whether show() is called by the user.
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# For this, we wrap it into a decorator which adds a 'called' flag.
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pylab.draw_if_interactive = flag_calls(pylab.draw_if_interactive)
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def import_pylab(user_ns, import_all=True):
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"""Import the standard pylab symbols into user_ns."""
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# Import numpy as np/pyplot as plt are conventions we're trying to
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# somewhat standardize on. Making them available to users by default
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# will greatly help this.
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s = ("import numpy\n"
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"import matplotlib\n"
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"from matplotlib import pylab, mlab, pyplot\n"
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"np = numpy\n"
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"plt = pyplot\n"
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)
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exec s in user_ns
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if import_all:
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s = ("from matplotlib.pylab import *\n"
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"from numpy import *\n")
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exec s in user_ns
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def configure_inline_support(shell, backend, user_ns=None):
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"""Configure an IPython shell object for matplotlib use.
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Parameters
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----------
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shell : InteractiveShell instance
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backend : matplotlib backend
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user_ns : dict
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A namespace where all configured variables will be placed. If not given,
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the `user_ns` attribute of the shell object is used.
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"""
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# If using our svg payload backend, register the post-execution
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# function that will pick up the results for display. This can only be
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# done with access to the real shell object.
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# Note: if we can't load the inline backend, then there's no point
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# continuing (such as in terminal-only shells in environments without
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# zeromq available).
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try:
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from IPython.kernel.zmq.pylab.backend_inline import InlineBackend
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except ImportError:
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return
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from matplotlib import pyplot
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user_ns = shell.user_ns if user_ns is None else user_ns
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cfg = InlineBackend.instance(parent=shell)
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cfg.shell = shell
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if cfg not in shell.configurables:
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shell.configurables.append(cfg)
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if backend == backends['inline']:
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from IPython.kernel.zmq.pylab.backend_inline import flush_figures
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shell.register_post_execute(flush_figures)
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# Save rcParams that will be overwrittern
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shell._saved_rcParams = dict()
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for k in cfg.rc:
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shell._saved_rcParams[k] = pyplot.rcParams[k]
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# load inline_rc
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pyplot.rcParams.update(cfg.rc)
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# Add 'figsize' to pyplot and to the user's namespace
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user_ns['figsize'] = pyplot.figsize = figsize
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else:
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from IPython.kernel.zmq.pylab.backend_inline import flush_figures
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if flush_figures in shell._post_execute:
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shell._post_execute.pop(flush_figures)
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if hasattr(shell, '_saved_rcParams'):
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pyplot.rcParams.update(shell._saved_rcParams)
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del shell._saved_rcParams
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# Setup the default figure format
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fmt = cfg.figure_format
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select_figure_format(shell, fmt)
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# The old pastefig function has been replaced by display
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from IPython.core.display import display
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# Add display and getfigs to the user's namespace
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user_ns['display'] = display
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user_ns['getfigs'] = getfigs
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def pylab_activate(user_ns, gui=None, import_all=True, shell=None, welcome_message=False):
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"""Activate pylab mode in the user's namespace.
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Loads and initializes numpy, matplotlib and friends for interactive use.
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Parameters
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----------
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user_ns : dict
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Namespace where the imports will occur.
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gui : optional, string
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A valid gui name following the conventions of the %gui magic.
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import_all : optional, boolean
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If true, an 'import *' is done from numpy and pylab.
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welcome_message : optional, boolean
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If true, print a welcome message about pylab, which includes the backend
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being used.
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Returns
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-------
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The actual gui used (if not given as input, it was obtained from matplotlib
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itself, and will be needed next to configure IPython's gui integration.
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"""
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pylab_gui_select = shell.pylab_gui_select if shell is not None else None
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# Try to find the appropriate gui and backend for the settings
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gui, backend = find_gui_and_backend(gui, pylab_gui_select)
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if shell is not None and gui != 'inline':
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# If we have our first gui selection, store it
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if pylab_gui_select is None:
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shell.pylab_gui_select = gui
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# Otherwise if they are different
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elif gui != pylab_gui_select:
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print ('Warning: Cannot change to a different GUI toolkit: %s.'
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' Using %s instead.' % (gui, pylab_gui_select))
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gui, backend = find_gui_and_backend(pylab_gui_select)
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activate_matplotlib(backend)
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import_pylab(user_ns, import_all)
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if shell is not None:
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configure_inline_support(shell, backend, user_ns)
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if welcome_message:
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print """
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Welcome to pylab, a matplotlib-based Python environment [backend: %s].
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For more information, type 'help(pylab)'.""" % backend
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# flush stdout, just to be safe
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sys.stdout.flush()
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return gui
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