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"""Implementation of magic functions related to History.
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"""
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Copyright (c) 2012, IPython Development Team.
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
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#
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# The full license is in the file COPYING.txt, distributed with this software.
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Imports
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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from __future__ import print_function
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# Stdlib
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import os
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from io import open as io_open
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# Our own packages
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from IPython.core.error import StdinNotImplementedError
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from IPython.core.magic import Magics, magics_class, line_magic
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from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
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from IPython.utils import io
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Magics class implementation
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@magics_class
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class HistoryMagics(Magics):
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@skip_doctest
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@line_magic
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def history(self, parameter_s = ''):
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"""Print input history (_i<n> variables), with most recent last.
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%history [-o -p -t -n] [-f filename] [range | -g pattern | -l number]
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By default, input history is printed without line numbers so it can be
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directly pasted into an editor. Use -n to show them.
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By default, all input history from the current session is displayed.
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Ranges of history can be indicated using the syntax:
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4 : Line 4, current session
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4-6 : Lines 4-6, current session
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243/1-5: Lines 1-5, session 243
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~2/7 : Line 7, session 2 before current
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~8/1-~6/5 : From the first line of 8 sessions ago, to the fifth line
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of 6 sessions ago.
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Multiple ranges can be entered, separated by spaces
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The same syntax is used by %macro, %save, %edit, %rerun
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Options:
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-n: print line numbers for each input.
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This feature is only available if numbered prompts are in use.
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-o: also print outputs for each input.
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-p: print classic '>>>' python prompts before each input. This is
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useful for making documentation, and in conjunction with -o, for
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producing doctest-ready output.
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-r: (default) print the 'raw' history, i.e. the actual commands you
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typed.
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-t: print the 'translated' history, as IPython understands it.
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IPython filters your input and converts it all into valid Python
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source before executing it (things like magics or aliases are turned
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into function calls, for example). With this option, you'll see the
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native history instead of the user-entered version: '%cd /' will be
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seen as 'get_ipython().magic("%cd /")' instead of '%cd /'.
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-g: treat the arg as a pattern to grep for in (full) history.
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This includes the saved history (almost all commands ever written).
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The pattern may contain '?' to match one unknown character and '*'
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to match any number of unknown characters. Use '%hist -g' to show
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full saved history (may be very long).
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-l: get the last n lines from all sessions. Specify n as a single
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arg, or the default is the last 10 lines.
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-f FILENAME: instead of printing the output to the screen, redirect
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it to the given file. The file is always overwritten, though *when
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it can*, IPython asks for confirmation first. In particular, running
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the command 'history -f FILENAME' from the IPython Notebook
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interface will replace FILENAME even if it already exists *without*
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confirmation.
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Examples
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--------
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::
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In [6]: %history -n 4-6
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4:a = 12
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5:print a**2
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6:%history -n 4-6
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"""
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if not self.shell.displayhook.do_full_cache:
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print('This feature is only available if numbered prompts '
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'are in use.')
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return
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opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'noprtglf:',mode='string')
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# For brevity
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history_manager = self.shell.history_manager
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def _format_lineno(session, line):
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"""Helper function to format line numbers properly."""
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if session in (0, history_manager.session_number):
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return str(line)
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return "%s/%s" % (session, line)
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# Check if output to specific file was requested.
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try:
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outfname = opts['f']
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except KeyError:
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outfile = io.stdout # default
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# We don't want to close stdout at the end!
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close_at_end = False
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else:
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if os.path.exists(outfname):
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try:
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ans = io.ask_yes_no("File %r exists. Overwrite?" % outfname)
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except StdinNotImplementedError:
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ans = True
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if not ans:
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print('Aborting.')
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return
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print("Overwriting file.")
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outfile = io_open(outfname, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
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close_at_end = True
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print_nums = 'n' in opts
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get_output = 'o' in opts
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pyprompts = 'p' in opts
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# Raw history is the default
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raw = not('t' in opts)
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pattern = None
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if 'g' in opts: # Glob search
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pattern = "*" + args + "*" if args else "*"
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hist = history_manager.search(pattern, raw=raw, output=get_output)
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print_nums = True
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elif 'l' in opts: # Get 'tail'
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try:
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n = int(args)
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except (ValueError, IndexError):
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n = 10
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hist = history_manager.get_tail(n, raw=raw, output=get_output)
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else:
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if args: # Get history by ranges
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hist = history_manager.get_range_by_str(args, raw, get_output)
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else: # Just get history for the current session
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hist = history_manager.get_range(raw=raw, output=get_output)
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# We could be displaying the entire history, so let's not try to pull
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# it into a list in memory. Anything that needs more space will just
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# misalign.
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width = 4
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for session, lineno, inline in hist:
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# Print user history with tabs expanded to 4 spaces. The GUI
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# clients use hard tabs for easier usability in auto-indented code,
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# but we want to produce PEP-8 compliant history for safe pasting
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# into an editor.
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if get_output:
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inline, output = inline
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inline = inline.expandtabs(4).rstrip()
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multiline = "\n" in inline
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line_sep = '\n' if multiline else ' '
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if print_nums:
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print(u'%s:%s' % (_format_lineno(session, lineno).rjust(width),
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line_sep), file=outfile, end=u'')
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if pyprompts:
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print(u">>> ", end=u"", file=outfile)
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if multiline:
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inline = "\n... ".join(inline.splitlines()) + "\n..."
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print(inline, file=outfile)
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if get_output and output:
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print(output, file=outfile)
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if close_at_end:
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outfile.close()
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@line_magic
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def recall(self, arg):
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r"""Repeat a command, or get command to input line for editing.
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%recall and %rep are equivalent.
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- %recall (no arguments):
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Place a string version of last computation result (stored in the
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special '_' variable) to the next input prompt. Allows you to create
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elaborate command lines without using copy-paste::
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In[1]: l = ["hei", "vaan"]
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In[2]: "".join(l)
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Out[2]: heivaan
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In[3]: %recall
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In[4]: heivaan_ <== cursor blinking
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%recall 45
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Place history line 45 on the next input prompt. Use %hist to find
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out the number.
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%recall 1-4
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Combine the specified lines into one cell, and place it on the next
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input prompt. See %history for the slice syntax.
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%recall foo+bar
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If foo+bar can be evaluated in the user namespace, the result is
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placed at the next input prompt. Otherwise, the history is searched
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for lines which contain that substring, and the most recent one is
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placed at the next input prompt.
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"""
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if not arg: # Last output
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self.shell.set_next_input(str(self.shell.user_ns["_"]))
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return
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# Get history range
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histlines = self.shell.history_manager.get_range_by_str(arg)
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cmd = "\n".join(x[2] for x in histlines)
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if cmd:
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self.shell.set_next_input(cmd.rstrip())
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return
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try: # Variable in user namespace
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cmd = str(eval(arg, self.shell.user_ns))
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except Exception: # Search for term in history
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histlines = self.shell.history_manager.search("*"+arg+"*")
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for h in reversed([x[2] for x in histlines]):
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if 'recall' in h or 'rep' in h:
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continue
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self.shell.set_next_input(h.rstrip())
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return
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else:
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self.shell.set_next_input(cmd.rstrip())
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print("Couldn't evaluate or find in history:", arg)
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@line_magic
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def rerun(self, parameter_s=''):
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"""Re-run previous input
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By default, you can specify ranges of input history to be repeated
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(as with %history). With no arguments, it will repeat the last line.
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Options:
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-l <n> : Repeat the last n lines of input, not including the
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current command.
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-g foo : Repeat the most recent line which contains foo
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"""
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opts, args = self.parse_options(parameter_s, 'l:g:', mode='string')
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if "l" in opts: # Last n lines
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n = int(opts['l'])
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hist = self.shell.history_manager.get_tail(n)
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elif "g" in opts: # Search
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p = "*"+opts['g']+"*"
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hist = list(self.shell.history_manager.search(p))
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for l in reversed(hist):
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if "rerun" not in l[2]:
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hist = [l] # The last match which isn't a %rerun
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break
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else:
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hist = [] # No matches except %rerun
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elif args: # Specify history ranges
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hist = self.shell.history_manager.get_range_by_str(args)
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else: # Last line
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hist = self.shell.history_manager.get_tail(1)
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hist = [x[2] for x in hist]
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if not hist:
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print("No lines in history match specification")
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return
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histlines = "\n".join(hist)
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print("=== Executing: ===")
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print(histlines)
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print("=== Output: ===")
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self.shell.run_cell("\n".join(hist), store_history=False)
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