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"""Functions for signing notebooks"""
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Copyright (C) 2014, The IPython Development Team
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
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# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Imports
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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import base64
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from contextlib import contextmanager
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import hashlib
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from hmac import HMAC
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import io
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import os
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from IPython.utils.py3compat import string_types, unicode_type, cast_bytes
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from IPython.utils.traitlets import Instance, Bytes, Enum, Any, Unicode, Bool
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from IPython.config import LoggingConfigurable, MultipleInstanceError
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from IPython.core.application import BaseIPythonApplication, base_flags
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from .current import read, write
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Code
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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try:
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# Python 3
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algorithms = hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed
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except AttributeError:
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algorithms = hashlib.algorithms
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def yield_everything(obj):
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"""Yield every item in a container as bytes
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Allows any JSONable object to be passed to an HMAC digester
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without having to serialize the whole thing.
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"""
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if isinstance(obj, dict):
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for key in sorted(obj):
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value = obj[key]
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yield cast_bytes(key)
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for b in yield_everything(value):
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yield b
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elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
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for element in obj:
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for b in yield_everything(element):
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yield b
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elif isinstance(obj, unicode_type):
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yield obj.encode('utf8')
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else:
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yield unicode_type(obj).encode('utf8')
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@contextmanager
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def signature_removed(nb):
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"""Context manager for operating on a notebook with its signature removed
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Used for excluding the previous signature when computing a notebook's signature.
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"""
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save_signature = nb['metadata'].pop('signature', None)
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try:
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yield
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finally:
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if save_signature is not None:
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nb['metadata']['signature'] = save_signature
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class NotebookNotary(LoggingConfigurable):
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"""A class for computing and verifying notebook signatures."""
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profile_dir = Instance("IPython.core.profiledir.ProfileDir")
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def _profile_dir_default(self):
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from IPython.core.application import BaseIPythonApplication
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app = None
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try:
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if BaseIPythonApplication.initialized():
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app = BaseIPythonApplication.instance()
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except MultipleInstanceError:
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pass
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if app is None:
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# create an app, without the global instance
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app = BaseIPythonApplication()
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app.initialize(argv=[])
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return app.profile_dir
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algorithm = Enum(algorithms, default_value='sha256', config=True,
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help="""The hashing algorithm used to sign notebooks."""
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)
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def _algorithm_changed(self, name, old, new):
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self.digestmod = getattr(hashlib, self.algorithm)
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digestmod = Any()
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def _digestmod_default(self):
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return getattr(hashlib, self.algorithm)
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secret_file = Unicode(config=True,
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help="""The file where the secret key is stored."""
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)
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def _secret_file_default(self):
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if self.profile_dir is None:
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return ''
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return os.path.join(self.profile_dir.security_dir, 'notebook_secret')
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secret = Bytes(config=True,
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help="""The secret key with which notebooks are signed."""
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)
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def _secret_default(self):
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# note : this assumes an Application is running
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if os.path.exists(self.secret_file):
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with io.open(self.secret_file, 'rb') as f:
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return f.read()
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else:
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secret = base64.encodestring(os.urandom(1024))
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self._write_secret_file(secret)
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return secret
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def _write_secret_file(self, secret):
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"""write my secret to my secret_file"""
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self.log.info("Writing notebook-signing key to %s", self.secret_file)
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with io.open(self.secret_file, 'wb') as f:
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f.write(secret)
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try:
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os.chmod(self.secret_file, 0o600)
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except OSError:
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self.log.warn(
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"Could not set permissions on %s",
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self.secret_file
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)
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return secret
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def compute_signature(self, nb):
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"""Compute a notebook's signature
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by hashing the entire contents of the notebook via HMAC digest.
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"""
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hmac = HMAC(self.secret, digestmod=self.digestmod)
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# don't include the previous hash in the content to hash
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with signature_removed(nb):
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# sign the whole thing
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for b in yield_everything(nb):
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hmac.update(b)
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return hmac.hexdigest()
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def check_signature(self, nb):
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"""Check a notebook's stored signature
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If a signature is stored in the notebook's metadata,
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a new signature is computed and compared with the stored value.
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Returns True if the signature is found and matches, False otherwise.
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The following conditions must all be met for a notebook to be trusted:
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- a signature is stored in the form 'scheme:hexdigest'
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- the stored scheme matches the requested scheme
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- the requested scheme is available from hashlib
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- the computed hash from notebook_signature matches the stored hash
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"""
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stored_signature = nb['metadata'].get('signature', None)
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if not stored_signature \
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or not isinstance(stored_signature, string_types) \
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or ':' not in stored_signature:
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return False
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stored_algo, sig = stored_signature.split(':', 1)
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if self.algorithm != stored_algo:
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return False
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my_signature = self.compute_signature(nb)
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return my_signature == sig
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def sign(self, nb):
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"""Sign a notebook, indicating that its output is trusted
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stores 'algo:hmac-hexdigest' in notebook.metadata.signature
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e.g. 'sha256:deadbeef123...'
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"""
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signature = self.compute_signature(nb)
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nb['metadata']['signature'] = "%s:%s" % (self.algorithm, signature)
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def mark_cells(self, nb, trusted):
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"""Mark cells as trusted if the notebook's signature can be verified
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Sets ``cell.trusted = True | False`` on all code cells,
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depending on whether the stored signature can be verified.
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This function is the inverse of check_cells
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"""
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if not nb['worksheets']:
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# nothing to mark if there are no cells
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return
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for cell in nb['worksheets'][0]['cells']:
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if cell['cell_type'] == 'code':
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cell['trusted'] = trusted
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def _check_cell(self, cell):
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"""Do we trust an individual cell?
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Return True if:
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- cell is explicitly trusted
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- cell has no potentially unsafe rich output
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If a cell has no output, or only simple print statements,
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it will always be trusted.
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"""
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# explicitly trusted
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if cell.pop("trusted", False):
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return True
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# explicitly safe output
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safe = {
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'text/plain', 'image/png', 'image/jpeg',
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'text', 'png', 'jpg', # v3-style short keys
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}
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for output in cell['outputs']:
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output_type = output['output_type']
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if output_type in ('pyout', 'display_data'):
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# if there are any data keys not in the safe whitelist
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output_keys = set(output).difference({"output_type", "prompt_number", "metadata"})
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if output_keys.difference(safe):
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return False
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return True
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def check_cells(self, nb):
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"""Return whether all code cells are trusted
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If there are no code cells, return True.
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This function is the inverse of mark_cells.
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"""
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if not nb['worksheets']:
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return True
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trusted = True
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for cell in nb['worksheets'][0]['cells']:
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if cell['cell_type'] != 'code':
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continue
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# only distrust a cell if it actually has some output to distrust
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if not self._check_cell(cell):
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trusted = False
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return trusted
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trust_flags = {
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'reset' : (
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{'TrustNotebookApp' : { 'reset' : True}},
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"""Generate a new key for notebook signature.
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All previously signed notebooks will become untrusted.
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"""
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),
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}
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trust_flags.update(base_flags)
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trust_flags.pop('init')
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class TrustNotebookApp(BaseIPythonApplication):
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description="""Sign one or more IPython notebooks with your key,
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to trust their dynamic (HTML, Javascript) output.
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Otherwise, you will have to re-execute the notebook to see output.
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"""
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examples = """ipython trust mynotebook.ipynb and_this_one.ipynb"""
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flags = trust_flags
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reset = Bool(False, config=True,
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help="""If True, generate a new key for notebook signature.
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After reset, all previously signed notebooks will become untrusted.
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"""
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)
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notary = Instance(NotebookNotary)
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def _notary_default(self):
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return NotebookNotary(parent=self, profile_dir=self.profile_dir)
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def sign_notebook(self, notebook_path):
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if not os.path.exists(notebook_path):
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self.log.error("Notebook missing: %s" % notebook_path)
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self.exit(1)
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with io.open(notebook_path, encoding='utf8') as f:
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nb = read(f, 'json')
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if self.notary.check_signature(nb):
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print("Notebook already signed: %s" % notebook_path)
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else:
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print("Signing notebook: %s" % notebook_path)
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self.notary.sign(nb)
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with io.open(notebook_path, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
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write(nb, f, 'json')
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def generate_new_key(self):
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"""Generate a new notebook signature key"""
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print("Generating new notebook key: %s" % self.notary.secret_file)
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self.notary._write_secret_file(os.urandom(1024))
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def start(self):
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if self.reset:
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self.generate_new_key()
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return
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if not self.extra_args:
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self.log.critical("Specify at least one notebook to sign.")
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self.exit(1)
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for notebook_path in self.extra_args:
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self.sign_notebook(notebook_path)
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