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# encoding: utf-8
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"""
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Paging capabilities for IPython.core
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Authors:
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* Brian Granger
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* Fernando Perez
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Notes
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-----
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For now this uses ipapi, so it can't be in IPython.utils. If we can get
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rid of that dependency, we could move it there.
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-----
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"""
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Copyright (C) 2008-2011 The IPython Development Team
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
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# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Imports
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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from __future__ import print_function
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import os
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import re
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import sys
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import tempfile
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from io import UnsupportedOperation
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from IPython import get_ipython
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from IPython.core.error import TryNext
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from IPython.utils.data import chop
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from IPython.utils import io
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from IPython.utils.process import system
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from IPython.utils.terminal import get_terminal_size
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from IPython.utils import py3compat
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Classes and functions
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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esc_re = re.compile(r"(\x1b[^m]+m)")
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def page_dumb(strng, start=0, screen_lines=25):
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"""Very dumb 'pager' in Python, for when nothing else works.
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Only moves forward, same interface as page(), except for pager_cmd and
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mode."""
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out_ln = strng.splitlines()[start:]
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screens = chop(out_ln,screen_lines-1)
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if len(screens) == 1:
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print(os.linesep.join(screens[0]), file=io.stdout)
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else:
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last_escape = ""
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for scr in screens[0:-1]:
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hunk = os.linesep.join(scr)
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print(last_escape + hunk, file=io.stdout)
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if not page_more():
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return
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esc_list = esc_re.findall(hunk)
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if len(esc_list) > 0:
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last_escape = esc_list[-1]
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print(last_escape + os.linesep.join(screens[-1]), file=io.stdout)
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def _detect_screen_size(screen_lines_def):
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"""Attempt to work out the number of lines on the screen.
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This is called by page(). It can raise an error (e.g. when run in the
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test suite), so it's separated out so it can easily be called in a try block.
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"""
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TERM = os.environ.get('TERM',None)
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if not((TERM=='xterm' or TERM=='xterm-color') and sys.platform != 'sunos5'):
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# curses causes problems on many terminals other than xterm, and
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# some termios calls lock up on Sun OS5.
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return screen_lines_def
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try:
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import termios
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import curses
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except ImportError:
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return screen_lines_def
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# There is a bug in curses, where *sometimes* it fails to properly
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# initialize, and then after the endwin() call is made, the
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# terminal is left in an unusable state. Rather than trying to
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# check everytime for this (by requesting and comparing termios
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# flags each time), we just save the initial terminal state and
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# unconditionally reset it every time. It's cheaper than making
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# the checks.
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term_flags = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdout)
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# Curses modifies the stdout buffer size by default, which messes
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# up Python's normal stdout buffering. This would manifest itself
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# to IPython users as delayed printing on stdout after having used
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# the pager.
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#
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# We can prevent this by manually setting the NCURSES_NO_SETBUF
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# environment variable. For more details, see:
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# http://bugs.python.org/issue10144
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NCURSES_NO_SETBUF = os.environ.get('NCURSES_NO_SETBUF', None)
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os.environ['NCURSES_NO_SETBUF'] = ''
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# Proceed with curses initialization
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try:
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scr = curses.initscr()
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except AttributeError:
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# Curses on Solaris may not be complete, so we can't use it there
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return screen_lines_def
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screen_lines_real,screen_cols = scr.getmaxyx()
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curses.endwin()
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# Restore environment
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if NCURSES_NO_SETBUF is None:
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del os.environ['NCURSES_NO_SETBUF']
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else:
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os.environ['NCURSES_NO_SETBUF'] = NCURSES_NO_SETBUF
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# Restore terminal state in case endwin() didn't.
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termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdout,termios.TCSANOW,term_flags)
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# Now we have what we needed: the screen size in rows/columns
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return screen_lines_real
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#print '***Screen size:',screen_lines_real,'lines x',\
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#screen_cols,'columns.' # dbg
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def page(strng, start=0, screen_lines=0, pager_cmd=None):
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"""Display a string, piping through a pager after a certain length.
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strng can be a mime-bundle dict, supplying multiple representations,
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keyed by mime-type.
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The screen_lines parameter specifies the number of *usable* lines of your
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terminal screen (total lines minus lines you need to reserve to show other
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information).
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If you set screen_lines to a number <=0, page() will try to auto-determine
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your screen size and will only use up to (screen_size+screen_lines) for
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printing, paging after that. That is, if you want auto-detection but need
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to reserve the bottom 3 lines of the screen, use screen_lines = -3, and for
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auto-detection without any lines reserved simply use screen_lines = 0.
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If a string won't fit in the allowed lines, it is sent through the
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specified pager command. If none given, look for PAGER in the environment,
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and ultimately default to less.
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If no system pager works, the string is sent through a 'dumb pager'
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written in python, very simplistic.
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"""
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# for compatibility with mime-bundle form:
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if isinstance(strng, dict):
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strng = strng['text/plain']
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# Some routines may auto-compute start offsets incorrectly and pass a
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# negative value. Offset to 0 for robustness.
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start = max(0, start)
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# first, try the hook
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ip = get_ipython()
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if ip:
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try:
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ip.hooks.show_in_pager(strng)
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return
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except TryNext:
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pass
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# Ugly kludge, but calling curses.initscr() flat out crashes in emacs
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TERM = os.environ.get('TERM','dumb')
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if TERM in ['dumb','emacs'] and os.name != 'nt':
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print(strng)
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return
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# chop off the topmost part of the string we don't want to see
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str_lines = strng.splitlines()[start:]
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str_toprint = os.linesep.join(str_lines)
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num_newlines = len(str_lines)
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len_str = len(str_toprint)
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# Dumb heuristics to guesstimate number of on-screen lines the string
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# takes. Very basic, but good enough for docstrings in reasonable
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# terminals. If someone later feels like refining it, it's not hard.
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numlines = max(num_newlines,int(len_str/80)+1)
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screen_lines_def = get_terminal_size()[1]
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# auto-determine screen size
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if screen_lines <= 0:
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try:
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screen_lines += _detect_screen_size(screen_lines_def)
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except (TypeError, UnsupportedOperation):
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print(str_toprint, file=io.stdout)
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return
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#print 'numlines',numlines,'screenlines',screen_lines # dbg
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if numlines <= screen_lines :
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#print '*** normal print' # dbg
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print(str_toprint, file=io.stdout)
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else:
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# Try to open pager and default to internal one if that fails.
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# All failure modes are tagged as 'retval=1', to match the return
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# value of a failed system command. If any intermediate attempt
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# sets retval to 1, at the end we resort to our own page_dumb() pager.
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pager_cmd = get_pager_cmd(pager_cmd)
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pager_cmd += ' ' + get_pager_start(pager_cmd,start)
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if os.name == 'nt':
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if pager_cmd.startswith('type'):
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# The default WinXP 'type' command is failing on complex strings.
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retval = 1
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else:
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fd, tmpname = tempfile.mkstemp('.txt')
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try:
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os.close(fd)
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with open(tmpname, 'wt') as tmpfile:
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tmpfile.write(strng)
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cmd = "%s < %s" % (pager_cmd, tmpname)
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# tmpfile needs to be closed for windows
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if os.system(cmd):
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retval = 1
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else:
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retval = None
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finally:
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os.remove(tmpname)
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else:
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try:
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retval = None
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# if I use popen4, things hang. No idea why.
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#pager,shell_out = os.popen4(pager_cmd)
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pager = os.popen(pager_cmd, 'w')
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try:
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pager_encoding = pager.encoding or sys.stdout.encoding
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pager.write(py3compat.cast_bytes_py2(
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strng, encoding=pager_encoding))
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finally:
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retval = pager.close()
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except IOError as msg: # broken pipe when user quits
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if msg.args == (32, 'Broken pipe'):
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retval = None
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else:
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retval = 1
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except OSError:
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# Other strange problems, sometimes seen in Win2k/cygwin
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retval = 1
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if retval is not None:
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page_dumb(strng,screen_lines=screen_lines)
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def page_file(fname, start=0, pager_cmd=None):
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"""Page a file, using an optional pager command and starting line.
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"""
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pager_cmd = get_pager_cmd(pager_cmd)
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pager_cmd += ' ' + get_pager_start(pager_cmd,start)
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try:
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if os.environ['TERM'] in ['emacs','dumb']:
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raise EnvironmentError
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system(pager_cmd + ' ' + fname)
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except:
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try:
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if start > 0:
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start -= 1
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page(open(fname).read(),start)
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except:
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print('Unable to show file',repr(fname))
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def get_pager_cmd(pager_cmd=None):
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"""Return a pager command.
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Makes some attempts at finding an OS-correct one.
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"""
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if os.name == 'posix':
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default_pager_cmd = 'less -r' # -r for color control sequences
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elif os.name in ['nt','dos']:
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default_pager_cmd = 'type'
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if pager_cmd is None:
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try:
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pager_cmd = os.environ['PAGER']
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except:
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pager_cmd = default_pager_cmd
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return pager_cmd
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def get_pager_start(pager, start):
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"""Return the string for paging files with an offset.
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This is the '+N' argument which less and more (under Unix) accept.
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"""
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if pager in ['less','more']:
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if start:
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start_string = '+' + str(start)
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else:
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start_string = ''
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else:
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start_string = ''
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return start_string
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# (X)emacs on win32 doesn't like to be bypassed with msvcrt.getch()
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if os.name == 'nt' and os.environ.get('TERM','dumb') != 'emacs':
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import msvcrt
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def page_more():
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""" Smart pausing between pages
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@return: True if need print more lines, False if quit
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"""
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io.stdout.write('---Return to continue, q to quit--- ')
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ans = msvcrt.getwch()
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if ans in ("q", "Q"):
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result = False
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else:
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result = True
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io.stdout.write("\b"*37 + " "*37 + "\b"*37)
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return result
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else:
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def page_more():
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ans = py3compat.input('---Return to continue, q to quit--- ')
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if ans.lower().startswith('q'):
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return False
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else:
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return True
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def snip_print(str,width = 75,print_full = 0,header = ''):
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"""Print a string snipping the midsection to fit in width.
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print_full: mode control:
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- 0: only snip long strings
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- 1: send to page() directly.
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- 2: snip long strings and ask for full length viewing with page()
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Return 1 if snipping was necessary, 0 otherwise."""
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if print_full == 1:
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page(header+str)
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return 0
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print(header, end=' ')
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if len(str) < width:
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print(str)
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snip = 0
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else:
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whalf = int((width -5)/2)
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print(str[:whalf] + ' <...> ' + str[-whalf:])
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snip = 1
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if snip and print_full == 2:
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if py3compat.input(header+' Snipped. View (y/n)? [N]').lower() == 'y':
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page(str)
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return snip
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