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notebookapp.py
706 lines | 27.8 KiB | text/x-python | PythonLexer
# coding: utf-8
"""A tornado based IPython notebook server.
Authors:
* Brian Granger
"""
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (C) 2008-2011 The IPython Development Team
#
# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Imports
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# stdlib
import errno
import logging
import os
import random
import re
import select
import signal
import socket
import sys
import threading
import time
import uuid
import webbrowser
# Third party
import zmq
from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
# Install the pyzmq ioloop. This has to be done before anything else from
# tornado is imported.
from zmq.eventloop import ioloop
ioloop.install()
import tornado
from tornado import httpserver
from tornado import web
# Our own libraries
from .kernelmanager import MappingKernelManager
from .handlers import (LoginHandler, LogoutHandler,
ProjectDashboardHandler, NewHandler, NamedNotebookHandler,
MainKernelHandler, KernelHandler, KernelActionHandler, IOPubHandler,
ShellHandler, NotebookRootHandler, NotebookHandler, NotebookCopyHandler,
RSTHandler, AuthenticatedFileHandler, PrintNotebookHandler,
MainClusterHandler, ClusterProfileHandler, ClusterActionHandler,
FileFindHandler,
)
from .nbmanager import NotebookManager
from .filenbmanager import FileNotebookManager
from .clustermanager import ClusterManager
from IPython.config.application import catch_config_error, boolean_flag
from IPython.core.application import BaseIPythonApplication
from IPython.core.profiledir import ProfileDir
from IPython.frontend.consoleapp import IPythonConsoleApp
from IPython.kernel import swallow_argv
from IPython.kernel.zmq.session import Session, default_secure
from IPython.kernel.zmq.zmqshell import ZMQInteractiveShell
from IPython.kernel.zmq.kernelapp import (
kernel_flags,
kernel_aliases,
IPKernelApp
)
from IPython.utils.importstring import import_item
from IPython.utils.localinterfaces import LOCALHOST
from IPython.utils.traitlets import (
Dict, Unicode, Integer, List, Enum, Bool,
DottedObjectName
)
from IPython.utils import py3compat
from IPython.utils.path import filefind
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Module globals
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
_kernel_id_regex = r"(?P<kernel_id>\w+-\w+-\w+-\w+-\w+)"
_kernel_action_regex = r"(?P<action>restart|interrupt)"
_notebook_id_regex = r"(?P<notebook_id>\w+-\w+-\w+-\w+-\w+)"
_profile_regex = r"(?P<profile>[^\/]+)" # there is almost no text that is invalid
_cluster_action_regex = r"(?P<action>start|stop)"
_examples = """
ipython notebook # start the notebook
ipython notebook --profile=sympy # use the sympy profile
ipython notebook --pylab=inline # pylab in inline plotting mode
ipython notebook --certfile=mycert.pem # use SSL/TLS certificate
ipython notebook --port=5555 --ip=* # Listen on port 5555, all interfaces
"""
# Packagers: modify this line if you store the notebook static files elsewhere
DEFAULT_STATIC_FILES_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "static")
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Helper functions
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
def url_path_join(a,b):
if a.endswith('/') and b.startswith('/'):
return a[:-1]+b
else:
return a+b
def random_ports(port, n):
"""Generate a list of n random ports near the given port.
The first 5 ports will be sequential, and the remaining n-5 will be
randomly selected in the range [port-2*n, port+2*n].
"""
for i in range(min(5, n)):
yield port + i
for i in range(n-5):
yield port + random.randint(-2*n, 2*n)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The Tornado web application
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class NotebookWebApplication(web.Application):
def __init__(self, ipython_app, kernel_manager, notebook_manager,
cluster_manager, log,
base_project_url, settings_overrides):
handlers = [
(r"/", ProjectDashboardHandler),
(r"/login", LoginHandler),
(r"/logout", LogoutHandler),
(r"/new", NewHandler),
(r"/%s" % _notebook_id_regex, NamedNotebookHandler),
(r"/%s/copy" % _notebook_id_regex, NotebookCopyHandler),
(r"/%s/print" % _notebook_id_regex, PrintNotebookHandler),
(r"/kernels", MainKernelHandler),
(r"/kernels/%s" % _kernel_id_regex, KernelHandler),
(r"/kernels/%s/%s" % (_kernel_id_regex, _kernel_action_regex), KernelActionHandler),
(r"/kernels/%s/iopub" % _kernel_id_regex, IOPubHandler),
(r"/kernels/%s/shell" % _kernel_id_regex, ShellHandler),
(r"/notebooks", NotebookRootHandler),
(r"/notebooks/%s" % _notebook_id_regex, NotebookHandler),
(r"/rstservice/render", RSTHandler),
(r"/files/(.*)", AuthenticatedFileHandler, {'path' : notebook_manager.notebook_dir}),
(r"/clusters", MainClusterHandler),
(r"/clusters/%s/%s" % (_profile_regex, _cluster_action_regex), ClusterActionHandler),
(r"/clusters/%s" % _profile_regex, ClusterProfileHandler),
]
# Python < 2.6.5 doesn't accept unicode keys in f(**kwargs), and
# base_project_url will always be unicode, which will in turn
# make the patterns unicode, and ultimately result in unicode
# keys in kwargs to handler._execute(**kwargs) in tornado.
# This enforces that base_project_url be ascii in that situation.
#
# Note that the URLs these patterns check against are escaped,
# and thus guaranteed to be ASCII: 'héllo' is really 'h%C3%A9llo'.
base_project_url = py3compat.unicode_to_str(base_project_url, 'ascii')
settings = dict(
template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates"),
static_path=ipython_app.static_file_path,
static_handler_class = FileFindHandler,
static_url_prefix = url_path_join(base_project_url,'/static/'),
cookie_secret=os.urandom(1024),
login_url=url_path_join(base_project_url,'/login'),
cookie_name='username-%s' % uuid.uuid4(),
)
# allow custom overrides for the tornado web app.
settings.update(settings_overrides)
# prepend base_project_url onto the patterns that we match
new_handlers = []
for handler in handlers:
pattern = url_path_join(base_project_url, handler[0])
new_handler = tuple([pattern]+list(handler[1:]))
new_handlers.append( new_handler )
super(NotebookWebApplication, self).__init__(new_handlers, **settings)
self.kernel_manager = kernel_manager
self.notebook_manager = notebook_manager
self.cluster_manager = cluster_manager
self.ipython_app = ipython_app
self.read_only = self.ipython_app.read_only
self.config = self.ipython_app.config
self.use_less = self.ipython_app.use_less
self.log = log
self.jinja2_env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates")))
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Aliases and Flags
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
flags = dict(kernel_flags)
flags['no-browser']=(
{'NotebookApp' : {'open_browser' : False}},
"Don't open the notebook in a browser after startup."
)
flags['no-mathjax']=(
{'NotebookApp' : {'enable_mathjax' : False}},
"""Disable MathJax
MathJax is the javascript library IPython uses to render math/LaTeX. It is
very large, so you may want to disable it if you have a slow internet
connection, or for offline use of the notebook.
When disabled, equations etc. will appear as their untransformed TeX source.
"""
)
flags['read-only'] = (
{'NotebookApp' : {'read_only' : True}},
"""Allow read-only access to notebooks.
When using a password to protect the notebook server, this flag
allows unauthenticated clients to view the notebook list, and
individual notebooks, but not edit them, start kernels, or run
code.
If no password is set, the server will be entirely read-only.
"""
)
# Add notebook manager flags
flags.update(boolean_flag('script', 'FileNotebookManager.save_script',
'Auto-save a .py script everytime the .ipynb notebook is saved',
'Do not auto-save .py scripts for every notebook'))
# the flags that are specific to the frontend
# these must be scrubbed before being passed to the kernel,
# or it will raise an error on unrecognized flags
notebook_flags = ['no-browser', 'no-mathjax', 'read-only', 'script', 'no-script']
aliases = dict(kernel_aliases)
aliases.update({
'ip': 'NotebookApp.ip',
'port': 'NotebookApp.port',
'port-retries': 'NotebookApp.port_retries',
'transport': 'KernelManager.transport',
'keyfile': 'NotebookApp.keyfile',
'certfile': 'NotebookApp.certfile',
'notebook-dir': 'NotebookManager.notebook_dir',
'browser': 'NotebookApp.browser',
})
# remove ipkernel flags that are singletons, and don't make sense in
# multi-kernel evironment:
aliases.pop('f', None)
notebook_aliases = [u'port', u'port-retries', u'ip', u'keyfile', u'certfile',
u'notebook-dir']
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NotebookApp
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class NotebookApp(BaseIPythonApplication):
name = 'ipython-notebook'
default_config_file_name='ipython_notebook_config.py'
description = """
The IPython HTML Notebook.
This launches a Tornado based HTML Notebook Server that serves up an
HTML5/Javascript Notebook client.
"""
examples = _examples
classes = IPythonConsoleApp.classes + [MappingKernelManager, NotebookManager,
FileNotebookManager]
flags = Dict(flags)
aliases = Dict(aliases)
kernel_argv = List(Unicode)
log_level = Enum((0,10,20,30,40,50,'DEBUG','INFO','WARN','ERROR','CRITICAL'),
default_value=logging.INFO,
config=True,
help="Set the log level by value or name.")
# create requested profiles by default, if they don't exist:
auto_create = Bool(True)
# file to be opened in the notebook server
file_to_run = Unicode('')
# Network related information.
ip = Unicode(LOCALHOST, config=True,
help="The IP address the notebook server will listen on."
)
def _ip_changed(self, name, old, new):
if new == u'*': self.ip = u''
port = Integer(8888, config=True,
help="The port the notebook server will listen on."
)
port_retries = Integer(50, config=True,
help="The number of additional ports to try if the specified port is not available."
)
certfile = Unicode(u'', config=True,
help="""The full path to an SSL/TLS certificate file."""
)
keyfile = Unicode(u'', config=True,
help="""The full path to a private key file for usage with SSL/TLS."""
)
password = Unicode(u'', config=True,
help="""Hashed password to use for web authentication.
To generate, type in a python/IPython shell:
from IPython.lib import passwd; passwd()
The string should be of the form type:salt:hashed-password.
"""
)
open_browser = Bool(True, config=True,
help="""Whether to open in a browser after starting.
The specific browser used is platform dependent and
determined by the python standard library `webbrowser`
module, unless it is overridden using the --browser
(NotebookApp.browser) configuration option.
""")
browser = Unicode(u'', config=True,
help="""Specify what command to use to invoke a web
browser when opening the notebook. If not specified, the
default browser will be determined by the `webbrowser`
standard library module, which allows setting of the
BROWSER environment variable to override it.
""")
read_only = Bool(False, config=True,
help="Whether to prevent editing/execution of notebooks."
)
use_less = Bool(False, config=True,
help="""Wether to use Browser Side less-css parsing
instead of compiled css version in templates that allows
it. This is mainly convenient when working on the less
file to avoid a build step, or if user want to overwrite
some of the less variables without having to recompile
everything.
You will need to install the less.js component in the static directory
either in the source tree or in your profile folder.
""")
webapp_settings = Dict(config=True,
help="Supply overrides for the tornado.web.Application that the "
"IPython notebook uses.")
enable_mathjax = Bool(True, config=True,
help="""Whether to enable MathJax for typesetting math/TeX
MathJax is the javascript library IPython uses to render math/LaTeX. It is
very large, so you may want to disable it if you have a slow internet
connection, or for offline use of the notebook.
When disabled, equations etc. will appear as their untransformed TeX source.
"""
)
def _enable_mathjax_changed(self, name, old, new):
"""set mathjax url to empty if mathjax is disabled"""
if not new:
self.mathjax_url = u''
base_project_url = Unicode('/', config=True,
help='''The base URL for the notebook server.
Leading and trailing slashes can be omitted,
and will automatically be added.
''')
def _base_project_url_changed(self, name, old, new):
if not new.startswith('/'):
self.base_project_url = '/'+new
elif not new.endswith('/'):
self.base_project_url = new+'/'
base_kernel_url = Unicode('/', config=True,
help='''The base URL for the kernel server
Leading and trailing slashes can be omitted,
and will automatically be added.
''')
def _base_kernel_url_changed(self, name, old, new):
if not new.startswith('/'):
self.base_kernel_url = '/'+new
elif not new.endswith('/'):
self.base_kernel_url = new+'/'
websocket_host = Unicode("", config=True,
help="""The hostname for the websocket server."""
)
extra_static_paths = List(Unicode, config=True,
help="""Extra paths to search for serving static files.
This allows adding javascript/css to be available from the notebook server machine,
or overriding individual files in the IPython"""
)
def _extra_static_paths_default(self):
return [os.path.join(self.profile_dir.location, 'static')]
@property
def static_file_path(self):
"""return extra paths + the default location"""
return self.extra_static_paths + [DEFAULT_STATIC_FILES_PATH]
mathjax_url = Unicode("", config=True,
help="""The url for MathJax.js."""
)
def _mathjax_url_default(self):
if not self.enable_mathjax:
return u''
static_url_prefix = self.webapp_settings.get("static_url_prefix",
"/static/")
try:
mathjax = filefind(os.path.join('mathjax', 'MathJax.js'), self.static_file_path)
except IOError:
if self.certfile:
# HTTPS: load from Rackspace CDN, because SSL certificate requires it
base = u"https://c328740.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com"
else:
base = u"http://cdn.mathjax.org"
url = base + u"/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js"
self.log.info("Using MathJax from CDN: %s", url)
return url
else:
self.log.info("Using local MathJax from %s" % mathjax)
return static_url_prefix+u"mathjax/MathJax.js"
def _mathjax_url_changed(self, name, old, new):
if new and not self.enable_mathjax:
# enable_mathjax=False overrides mathjax_url
self.mathjax_url = u''
else:
self.log.info("Using MathJax: %s", new)
notebook_manager_class = DottedObjectName('IPython.frontend.html.notebook.filenbmanager.FileNotebookManager',
config=True,
help='The notebook manager class to use.')
def parse_command_line(self, argv=None):
super(NotebookApp, self).parse_command_line(argv)
if argv is None:
argv = sys.argv[1:]
# Scrub frontend-specific flags
self.kernel_argv = swallow_argv(argv, notebook_aliases, notebook_flags)
# Kernel should inherit default config file from frontend
self.kernel_argv.append("--IPKernelApp.parent_appname='%s'" % self.name)
if self.extra_args:
f = os.path.abspath(self.extra_args[0])
if os.path.isdir(f):
nbdir = f
else:
self.file_to_run = f
nbdir = os.path.dirname(f)
self.config.NotebookManager.notebook_dir = nbdir
def init_configurables(self):
# force Session default to be secure
default_secure(self.config)
self.kernel_manager = MappingKernelManager(
config=self.config, log=self.log, kernel_argv=self.kernel_argv,
connection_dir = self.profile_dir.security_dir,
)
kls = import_item(self.notebook_manager_class)
self.notebook_manager = kls(config=self.config, log=self.log)
self.notebook_manager.load_notebook_names()
self.cluster_manager = ClusterManager(config=self.config, log=self.log)
self.cluster_manager.update_profiles()
def init_logging(self):
# This prevents double log messages because tornado use a root logger that
# self.log is a child of. The logging module dipatches log messages to a log
# and all of its ancenstors until propagate is set to False.
self.log.propagate = False
def init_webapp(self):
"""initialize tornado webapp and httpserver"""
self.web_app = NotebookWebApplication(
self, self.kernel_manager, self.notebook_manager,
self.cluster_manager, self.log,
self.base_project_url, self.webapp_settings
)
if self.certfile:
ssl_options = dict(certfile=self.certfile)
if self.keyfile:
ssl_options['keyfile'] = self.keyfile
else:
ssl_options = None
self.web_app.password = self.password
self.http_server = httpserver.HTTPServer(self.web_app, ssl_options=ssl_options)
if not self.ip:
warning = "WARNING: The notebook server is listening on all IP addresses"
if ssl_options is None:
self.log.critical(warning + " and not using encryption. This"
"is not recommended.")
if not self.password and not self.read_only:
self.log.critical(warning + "and not using authentication."
"This is highly insecure and not recommended.")
success = None
for port in random_ports(self.port, self.port_retries+1):
try:
self.http_server.listen(port, self.ip)
except socket.error as e:
# XXX: remove the e.errno == -9 block when we require
# tornado >= 3.0
if e.errno == -9 and tornado.version_info[0] < 3:
# The flags passed to socket.getaddrinfo from
# tornado.netutils.bind_sockets can cause "gaierror:
# [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported"
# when the interface is not associated, for example.
# Changing the flags to exclude socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG does
# not cause this error, but the only way to do this is to
# monkeypatch socket to remove the AI_ADDRCONFIG attribute
saved_AI_ADDRCONFIG = socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG
self.log.warn('Monkeypatching socket to fix tornado bug')
del(socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG)
try:
# retry the tornado call without AI_ADDRCONFIG flags
self.http_server.listen(port, self.ip)
except socket.error as e2:
e = e2
else:
self.port = port
success = True
break
# restore the monekypatch
socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG = saved_AI_ADDRCONFIG
if e.errno != errno.EADDRINUSE:
raise
self.log.info('The port %i is already in use, trying another random port.' % port)
else:
self.port = port
success = True
break
if not success:
self.log.critical('ERROR: the notebook server could not be started because '
'no available port could be found.')
self.exit(1)
def init_signal(self):
# FIXME: remove this check when pyzmq dependency is >= 2.1.11
# safely extract zmq version info:
try:
zmq_v = zmq.pyzmq_version_info()
except AttributeError:
zmq_v = [ int(n) for n in re.findall(r'\d+', zmq.__version__) ]
if 'dev' in zmq.__version__:
zmq_v.append(999)
zmq_v = tuple(zmq_v)
if zmq_v >= (2,1,9) and not sys.platform.startswith('win'):
# This won't work with 2.1.7 and
# 2.1.9-10 will log ugly 'Interrupted system call' messages,
# but it will work
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, self._handle_sigint)
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, self._signal_stop)
if hasattr(signal, 'SIGUSR1'):
# Windows doesn't support SIGUSR1
signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, self._signal_info)
if hasattr(signal, 'SIGINFO'):
# only on BSD-based systems
signal.signal(signal.SIGINFO, self._signal_info)
def _handle_sigint(self, sig, frame):
"""SIGINT handler spawns confirmation dialog"""
# register more forceful signal handler for ^C^C case
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, self._signal_stop)
# request confirmation dialog in bg thread, to avoid
# blocking the App
thread = threading.Thread(target=self._confirm_exit)
thread.daemon = True
thread.start()
def _restore_sigint_handler(self):
"""callback for restoring original SIGINT handler"""
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, self._handle_sigint)
def _confirm_exit(self):
"""confirm shutdown on ^C
A second ^C, or answering 'y' within 5s will cause shutdown,
otherwise original SIGINT handler will be restored.
This doesn't work on Windows.
"""
# FIXME: remove this delay when pyzmq dependency is >= 2.1.11
time.sleep(0.1)
info = self.log.info
info('interrupted')
print self.notebook_info()
sys.stdout.write("Shutdown this notebook server (y/[n])? ")
sys.stdout.flush()
r,w,x = select.select([sys.stdin], [], [], 5)
if r:
line = sys.stdin.readline()
if line.lower().startswith('y'):
self.log.critical("Shutdown confirmed")
ioloop.IOLoop.instance().stop()
return
else:
print "No answer for 5s:",
print "resuming operation..."
# no answer, or answer is no:
# set it back to original SIGINT handler
# use IOLoop.add_callback because signal.signal must be called
# from main thread
ioloop.IOLoop.instance().add_callback(self._restore_sigint_handler)
def _signal_stop(self, sig, frame):
self.log.critical("received signal %s, stopping", sig)
ioloop.IOLoop.instance().stop()
def _signal_info(self, sig, frame):
print self.notebook_info()
@catch_config_error
def initialize(self, argv=None):
self.init_logging()
super(NotebookApp, self).initialize(argv)
self.init_configurables()
self.init_webapp()
self.init_signal()
def cleanup_kernels(self):
"""Shutdown all kernels.
The kernels will shutdown themselves when this process no longer exists,
but explicit shutdown allows the KernelManagers to cleanup the connection files.
"""
self.log.info('Shutting down kernels')
self.kernel_manager.shutdown_all()
def notebook_info(self):
"Return the current working directory and the server url information"
mgr_info = self.notebook_manager.info_string() + "\n"
return mgr_info +"The IPython Notebook is running at: %s" % self._url
def start(self):
""" Start the IPython Notebok server app, after initialization
This method takes no arguments so all configuration and initialization
must be done prior to calling this method."""
ip = self.ip if self.ip else '[all ip addresses on your system]'
proto = 'https' if self.certfile else 'http'
info = self.log.info
self._url = "%s://%s:%i%s" % (proto, ip, self.port,
self.base_project_url)
for line in self.notebook_info().split("\n"):
info(line)
info("Use Control-C to stop this server and shut down all kernels.")
if self.open_browser or self.file_to_run:
ip = self.ip or LOCALHOST
try:
browser = webbrowser.get(self.browser or None)
except webbrowser.Error as e:
self.log.warn('No web browser found: %s.' % e)
browser = None
if self.file_to_run:
name, _ = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(self.file_to_run))
url = self.notebook_manager.rev_mapping.get(name, '')
else:
url = ''
if browser:
b = lambda : browser.open("%s://%s:%i%s%s" % (proto, ip,
self.port, self.base_project_url, url), new=2)
threading.Thread(target=b).start()
try:
ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
info("Interrupted...")
finally:
self.cleanup_kernels()
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main entry point
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
def launch_new_instance():
app = NotebookApp.instance()
app.initialize()
app.start()