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"""Implementation of namespace-related magic functions.
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"""
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from __future__ import print_function
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Copyright (c) 2012 The IPython Development Team.
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
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#
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# The full license is in the file COPYING.txt, distributed with this software.
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Imports
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Stdlib
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import gc
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import re
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import sys
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# Our own packages
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from IPython.core import page
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from IPython.core.error import StdinNotImplementedError, UsageError
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from IPython.core.magic import Magics, magics_class, line_magic
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from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
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from IPython.utils.encoding import DEFAULT_ENCODING
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from IPython.utils.openpy import read_py_file
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from IPython.utils.path import get_py_filename
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from IPython.utils.py3compat import unicode_type
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Magic implementation classes
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@magics_class
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class NamespaceMagics(Magics):
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"""Magics to manage various aspects of the user's namespace.
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These include listing variables, introspecting into them, etc.
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"""
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@line_magic
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def pinfo(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
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"""Provide detailed information about an object.
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'%pinfo object' is just a synonym for object? or ?object."""
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#print 'pinfo par: <%s>' % parameter_s # dbg
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# detail_level: 0 -> obj? , 1 -> obj??
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detail_level = 0
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# We need to detect if we got called as 'pinfo pinfo foo', which can
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# happen if the user types 'pinfo foo?' at the cmd line.
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pinfo,qmark1,oname,qmark2 = \
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re.match('(pinfo )?(\?*)(.*?)(\??$)',parameter_s).groups()
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if pinfo or qmark1 or qmark2:
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detail_level = 1
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if "*" in oname:
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self.psearch(oname)
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else:
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self.shell._inspect('pinfo', oname, detail_level=detail_level,
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namespaces=namespaces)
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@line_magic
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def pinfo2(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
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"""Provide extra detailed information about an object.
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'%pinfo2 object' is just a synonym for object?? or ??object."""
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self.shell._inspect('pinfo', parameter_s, detail_level=1,
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namespaces=namespaces)
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@skip_doctest
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@line_magic
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def pdef(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
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"""Print the call signature for any callable object.
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If the object is a class, print the constructor information.
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Examples
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--------
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::
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In [3]: %pdef urllib.urlopen
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urllib.urlopen(url, data=None, proxies=None)
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"""
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self.shell._inspect('pdef',parameter_s, namespaces)
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@line_magic
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def pdoc(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
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"""Print the docstring for an object.
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If the given object is a class, it will print both the class and the
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constructor docstrings."""
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self.shell._inspect('pdoc',parameter_s, namespaces)
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@line_magic
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def psource(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
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"""Print (or run through pager) the source code for an object."""
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if not parameter_s:
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raise UsageError('Missing object name.')
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self.shell._inspect('psource',parameter_s, namespaces)
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@line_magic
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def pfile(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
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"""Print (or run through pager) the file where an object is defined.
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The file opens at the line where the object definition begins. IPython
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will honor the environment variable PAGER if set, and otherwise will
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do its best to print the file in a convenient form.
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If the given argument is not an object currently defined, IPython will
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try to interpret it as a filename (automatically adding a .py extension
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if needed). You can thus use %pfile as a syntax highlighting code
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viewer."""
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# first interpret argument as an object name
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out = self.shell._inspect('pfile',parameter_s, namespaces)
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# if not, try the input as a filename
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if out == 'not found':
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try:
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filename = get_py_filename(parameter_s)
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except IOError as msg:
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print(msg)
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return
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page.page(self.shell.pycolorize(read_py_file(filename, skip_encoding_cookie=False)))
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@line_magic
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def psearch(self, parameter_s=''):
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"""Search for object in namespaces by wildcard.
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%psearch [options] PATTERN [OBJECT TYPE]
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Note: ? can be used as a synonym for %psearch, at the beginning or at
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the end: both a*? and ?a* are equivalent to '%psearch a*'. Still, the
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rest of the command line must be unchanged (options come first), so
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for example the following forms are equivalent
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%psearch -i a* function
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-i a* function?
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?-i a* function
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Arguments:
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PATTERN
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where PATTERN is a string containing * as a wildcard similar to its
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use in a shell. The pattern is matched in all namespaces on the
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search path. By default objects starting with a single _ are not
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matched, many IPython generated objects have a single
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underscore. The default is case insensitive matching. Matching is
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also done on the attributes of objects and not only on the objects
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in a module.
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[OBJECT TYPE]
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Is the name of a python type from the types module. The name is
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given in lowercase without the ending type, ex. StringType is
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written string. By adding a type here only objects matching the
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given type are matched. Using all here makes the pattern match all
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types (this is the default).
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Options:
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-a: makes the pattern match even objects whose names start with a
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single underscore. These names are normally omitted from the
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search.
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-i/-c: make the pattern case insensitive/sensitive. If neither of
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these options are given, the default is read from your configuration
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file, with the option ``InteractiveShell.wildcards_case_sensitive``.
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If this option is not specified in your configuration file, IPython's
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internal default is to do a case sensitive search.
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-e/-s NAMESPACE: exclude/search a given namespace. The pattern you
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specify can be searched in any of the following namespaces:
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'builtin', 'user', 'user_global','internal', 'alias', where
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'builtin' and 'user' are the search defaults. Note that you should
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not use quotes when specifying namespaces.
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'Builtin' contains the python module builtin, 'user' contains all
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user data, 'alias' only contain the shell aliases and no python
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objects, 'internal' contains objects used by IPython. The
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'user_global' namespace is only used by embedded IPython instances,
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and it contains module-level globals. You can add namespaces to the
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search with -s or exclude them with -e (these options can be given
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more than once).
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Examples
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--------
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::
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%psearch a* -> objects beginning with an a
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%psearch -e builtin a* -> objects NOT in the builtin space starting in a
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%psearch a* function -> all functions beginning with an a
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%psearch re.e* -> objects beginning with an e in module re
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%psearch r*.e* -> objects that start with e in modules starting in r
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%psearch r*.* string -> all strings in modules beginning with r
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Case sensitive search::
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%psearch -c a* list all object beginning with lower case a
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Show objects beginning with a single _::
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%psearch -a _* list objects beginning with a single underscore
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"""
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try:
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parameter_s.encode('ascii')
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except UnicodeEncodeError:
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print('Python identifiers can only contain ascii characters.')
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return
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# default namespaces to be searched
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def_search = ['user_local', 'user_global', 'builtin']
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# Process options/args
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opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'cias:e:',list_all=True)
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opt = opts.get
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shell = self.shell
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psearch = shell.inspector.psearch
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# select case options
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if 'i' in opts:
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ignore_case = True
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elif 'c' in opts:
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ignore_case = False
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else:
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ignore_case = not shell.wildcards_case_sensitive
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# Build list of namespaces to search from user options
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def_search.extend(opt('s',[]))
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ns_exclude = ns_exclude=opt('e',[])
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ns_search = [nm for nm in def_search if nm not in ns_exclude]
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# Call the actual search
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try:
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psearch(args,shell.ns_table,ns_search,
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show_all=opt('a'),ignore_case=ignore_case)
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except:
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shell.showtraceback()
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@skip_doctest
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@line_magic
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def who_ls(self, parameter_s=''):
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"""Return a sorted list of all interactive variables.
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If arguments are given, only variables of types matching these
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arguments are returned.
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Examples
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--------
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Define two variables and list them with who_ls::
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In [1]: alpha = 123
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In [2]: beta = 'test'
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In [3]: %who_ls
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Out[3]: ['alpha', 'beta']
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In [4]: %who_ls int
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Out[4]: ['alpha']
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In [5]: %who_ls str
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Out[5]: ['beta']
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"""
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user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
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user_ns_hidden = self.shell.user_ns_hidden
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nonmatching = object() # This can never be in user_ns
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out = [ i for i in user_ns
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if not i.startswith('_') \
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and (user_ns[i] is not user_ns_hidden.get(i, nonmatching)) ]
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typelist = parameter_s.split()
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if typelist:
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typeset = set(typelist)
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out = [i for i in out if type(user_ns[i]).__name__ in typeset]
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out.sort()
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return out
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@skip_doctest
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@line_magic
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def who(self, parameter_s=''):
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"""Print all interactive variables, with some minimal formatting.
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If any arguments are given, only variables whose type matches one of
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these are printed. For example::
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%who function str
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will only list functions and strings, excluding all other types of
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variables. To find the proper type names, simply use type(var) at a
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command line to see how python prints type names. For example:
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::
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In [1]: type('hello')\\
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Out[1]: <type 'str'>
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indicates that the type name for strings is 'str'.
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``%who`` always excludes executed names loaded through your configuration
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file and things which are internal to IPython.
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This is deliberate, as typically you may load many modules and the
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purpose of %who is to show you only what you've manually defined.
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Examples
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--------
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Define two variables and list them with who::
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In [1]: alpha = 123
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In [2]: beta = 'test'
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In [3]: %who
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alpha beta
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In [4]: %who int
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alpha
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In [5]: %who str
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beta
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"""
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varlist = self.who_ls(parameter_s)
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if not varlist:
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if parameter_s:
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print('No variables match your requested type.')
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else:
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print('Interactive namespace is empty.')
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return
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# if we have variables, move on...
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count = 0
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for i in varlist:
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print(i+'\t', end=' ')
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count += 1
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if count > 8:
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count = 0
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print()
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print()
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@skip_doctest
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@line_magic
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def whos(self, parameter_s=''):
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"""Like %who, but gives some extra information about each variable.
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The same type filtering of %who can be applied here.
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For all variables, the type is printed. Additionally it prints:
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- For {},[],(): their length.
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- For numpy arrays, a summary with shape, number of
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elements, typecode and size in memory.
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- Everything else: a string representation, snipping their middle if
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too long.
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Examples
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--------
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Define two variables and list them with whos::
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In [1]: alpha = 123
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In [2]: beta = 'test'
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In [3]: %whos
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Variable Type Data/Info
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--------------------------------
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alpha int 123
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beta str test
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"""
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varnames = self.who_ls(parameter_s)
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if not varnames:
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if parameter_s:
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print('No variables match your requested type.')
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else:
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print('Interactive namespace is empty.')
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return
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# if we have variables, move on...
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# for these types, show len() instead of data:
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seq_types = ['dict', 'list', 'tuple']
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# for numpy arrays, display summary info
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ndarray_type = None
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if 'numpy' in sys.modules:
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try:
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from numpy import ndarray
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except ImportError:
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pass
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else:
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ndarray_type = ndarray.__name__
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# Find all variable names and types so we can figure out column sizes
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# some types are well known and can be shorter
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abbrevs = {'IPython.core.macro.Macro' : 'Macro'}
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def type_name(v):
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tn = type(v).__name__
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return abbrevs.get(tn,tn)
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varlist = [self.shell.user_ns[n] for n in varnames]
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typelist = []
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for vv in varlist:
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tt = type_name(vv)
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if tt=='instance':
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typelist.append( abbrevs.get(str(vv.__class__),
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str(vv.__class__)))
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else:
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typelist.append(tt)
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# column labels and # of spaces as separator
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varlabel = 'Variable'
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typelabel = 'Type'
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datalabel = 'Data/Info'
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colsep = 3
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# variable format strings
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vformat = "{0:<{varwidth}}{1:<{typewidth}}"
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aformat = "%s: %s elems, type `%s`, %s bytes"
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# find the size of the columns to format the output nicely
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varwidth = max(max(map(len,varnames)), len(varlabel)) + colsep
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typewidth = max(max(map(len,typelist)), len(typelabel)) + colsep
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# table header
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print(varlabel.ljust(varwidth) + typelabel.ljust(typewidth) + \
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' '+datalabel+'\n' + '-'*(varwidth+typewidth+len(datalabel)+1))
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# and the table itself
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kb = 1024
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Mb = 1048576 # kb**2
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for vname,var,vtype in zip(varnames,varlist,typelist):
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print(vformat.format(vname, vtype, varwidth=varwidth, typewidth=typewidth), end=' ')
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if vtype in seq_types:
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print("n="+str(len(var)))
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elif vtype == ndarray_type:
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vshape = str(var.shape).replace(',','').replace(' ','x')[1:-1]
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if vtype==ndarray_type:
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# numpy
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vsize = var.size
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vbytes = vsize*var.itemsize
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vdtype = var.dtype
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if vbytes < 100000:
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print(aformat % (vshape, vsize, vdtype, vbytes))
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else:
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print(aformat % (vshape, vsize, vdtype, vbytes), end=' ')
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if vbytes < Mb:
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|
|
print('(%s kb)' % (vbytes/kb,))
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
print('(%s Mb)' % (vbytes/Mb,))
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
vstr = str(var)
|
|
|
except UnicodeEncodeError:
|
|
|
vstr = unicode_type(var).encode(DEFAULT_ENCODING,
|
|
|
'backslashreplace')
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
vstr = "<object with id %d (str() failed)>" % id(var)
|
|
|
vstr = vstr.replace('\n', '\\n')
|
|
|
if len(vstr) < 50:
|
|
|
print(vstr)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
print(vstr[:25] + "<...>" + vstr[-25:])
|
|
|
|
|
|
@line_magic
|
|
|
def reset(self, parameter_s=''):
|
|
|
"""Resets the namespace by removing all names defined by the user, if
|
|
|
called without arguments, or by removing some types of objects, such
|
|
|
as everything currently in IPython's In[] and Out[] containers (see
|
|
|
the parameters for details).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
-f : force reset without asking for confirmation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-s : 'Soft' reset: Only clears your namespace, leaving history intact.
|
|
|
References to objects may be kept. By default (without this option),
|
|
|
we do a 'hard' reset, giving you a new session and removing all
|
|
|
references to objects from the current session.
|
|
|
|
|
|
in : reset input history
|
|
|
|
|
|
out : reset output history
|
|
|
|
|
|
dhist : reset directory history
|
|
|
|
|
|
array : reset only variables that are NumPy arrays
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Also
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
magic_reset_selective : invoked as ``%reset_selective``
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [6]: a = 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [7]: a
|
|
|
Out[7]: 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [8]: 'a' in _ip.user_ns
|
|
|
Out[8]: True
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [9]: %reset -f
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [1]: 'a' in _ip.user_ns
|
|
|
Out[1]: False
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [2]: %reset -f in
|
|
|
Flushing input history
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [3]: %reset -f dhist in
|
|
|
Flushing directory history
|
|
|
Flushing input history
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes
|
|
|
-----
|
|
|
Calling this magic from clients that do not implement standard input,
|
|
|
such as the ipython notebook interface, will reset the namespace
|
|
|
without confirmation.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
opts, args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'sf', mode='list')
|
|
|
if 'f' in opts:
|
|
|
ans = True
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
ans = self.shell.ask_yes_no(
|
|
|
"Once deleted, variables cannot be recovered. Proceed (y/[n])?",
|
|
|
default='n')
|
|
|
except StdinNotImplementedError:
|
|
|
ans = True
|
|
|
if not ans:
|
|
|
print('Nothing done.')
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
|
|
if 's' in opts: # Soft reset
|
|
|
user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
|
|
|
for i in self.who_ls():
|
|
|
del(user_ns[i])
|
|
|
elif len(args) == 0: # Hard reset
|
|
|
self.shell.reset(new_session = False)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# reset in/out/dhist/array: previously extensinions/clearcmd.py
|
|
|
ip = self.shell
|
|
|
user_ns = self.shell.user_ns # local lookup, heavily used
|
|
|
|
|
|
for target in args:
|
|
|
target = target.lower() # make matches case insensitive
|
|
|
if target == 'out':
|
|
|
print("Flushing output cache (%d entries)" % len(user_ns['_oh']))
|
|
|
self.shell.displayhook.flush()
|
|
|
|
|
|
elif target == 'in':
|
|
|
print("Flushing input history")
|
|
|
pc = self.shell.displayhook.prompt_count + 1
|
|
|
for n in range(1, pc):
|
|
|
key = '_i'+repr(n)
|
|
|
user_ns.pop(key,None)
|
|
|
user_ns.update(dict(_i=u'',_ii=u'',_iii=u''))
|
|
|
hm = ip.history_manager
|
|
|
# don't delete these, as %save and %macro depending on the
|
|
|
# length of these lists to be preserved
|
|
|
hm.input_hist_parsed[:] = [''] * pc
|
|
|
hm.input_hist_raw[:] = [''] * pc
|
|
|
# hm has internal machinery for _i,_ii,_iii, clear it out
|
|
|
hm._i = hm._ii = hm._iii = hm._i00 = u''
|
|
|
|
|
|
elif target == 'array':
|
|
|
# Support cleaning up numpy arrays
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
from numpy import ndarray
|
|
|
# This must be done with items and not iteritems because
|
|
|
# we're going to modify the dict in-place.
|
|
|
for x,val in list(user_ns.items()):
|
|
|
if isinstance(val,ndarray):
|
|
|
del user_ns[x]
|
|
|
except ImportError:
|
|
|
print("reset array only works if Numpy is available.")
|
|
|
|
|
|
elif target == 'dhist':
|
|
|
print("Flushing directory history")
|
|
|
del user_ns['_dh'][:]
|
|
|
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
print("Don't know how to reset ", end=' ')
|
|
|
print(target + ", please run `%reset?` for details")
|
|
|
|
|
|
gc.collect()
|
|
|
|
|
|
@line_magic
|
|
|
def reset_selective(self, parameter_s=''):
|
|
|
"""Resets the namespace by removing names defined by the user.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Input/Output history are left around in case you need them.
|
|
|
|
|
|
%reset_selective [-f] regex
|
|
|
|
|
|
No action is taken if regex is not included
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
|
|
|
-f : force reset without asking for confirmation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Also
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
magic_reset : invoked as ``%reset``
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
|
|
We first fully reset the namespace so your output looks identical to
|
|
|
this example for pedagogical reasons; in practice you do not need a
|
|
|
full reset::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [1]: %reset -f
|
|
|
|
|
|
Now, with a clean namespace we can make a few variables and use
|
|
|
``%reset_selective`` to only delete names that match our regexp::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [2]: a=1; b=2; c=3; b1m=4; b2m=5; b3m=6; b4m=7; b2s=8
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [3]: who_ls
|
|
|
Out[3]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2m', 'b2s', 'b3m', 'b4m', 'c']
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [4]: %reset_selective -f b[2-3]m
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [5]: who_ls
|
|
|
Out[5]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2s', 'b4m', 'c']
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [6]: %reset_selective -f d
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [7]: who_ls
|
|
|
Out[7]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2s', 'b4m', 'c']
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [8]: %reset_selective -f c
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [9]: who_ls
|
|
|
Out[9]: ['a', 'b', 'b1m', 'b2s', 'b4m']
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [10]: %reset_selective -f b
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [11]: who_ls
|
|
|
Out[11]: ['a']
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes
|
|
|
-----
|
|
|
Calling this magic from clients that do not implement standard input,
|
|
|
such as the ipython notebook interface, will reset the namespace
|
|
|
without confirmation.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
opts, regex = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'f')
|
|
|
|
|
|
if 'f' in opts:
|
|
|
ans = True
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
ans = self.shell.ask_yes_no(
|
|
|
"Once deleted, variables cannot be recovered. Proceed (y/[n])? ",
|
|
|
default='n')
|
|
|
except StdinNotImplementedError:
|
|
|
ans = True
|
|
|
if not ans:
|
|
|
print('Nothing done.')
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
|
|
|
if not regex:
|
|
|
print('No regex pattern specified. Nothing done.')
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
m = re.compile(regex)
|
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
|
raise TypeError('regex must be a string or compiled pattern')
|
|
|
for i in self.who_ls():
|
|
|
if m.search(i):
|
|
|
del(user_ns[i])
|
|
|
|
|
|
@line_magic
|
|
|
def xdel(self, parameter_s=''):
|
|
|
"""Delete a variable, trying to clear it from anywhere that
|
|
|
IPython's machinery has references to it. By default, this uses
|
|
|
the identity of the named object in the user namespace to remove
|
|
|
references held under other names. The object is also removed
|
|
|
from the output history.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
|
|
|
-n : Delete the specified name from all namespaces, without
|
|
|
checking their identity.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
opts, varname = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'n')
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
self.shell.del_var(varname, ('n' in opts))
|
|
|
except (NameError, ValueError) as e:
|
|
|
print(type(e).__name__ +": "+ str(e))
|
|
|
|
