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#!/usr/bin/env python
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"""Module for interactively running scripts.
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This module implements classes for interactively running scripts written for
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any system with a prompt which can be matched by a regexp suitable for
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pexpect. It can be used to run as if they had been typed up interactively, an
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arbitrary series of commands for the target system.
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The module includes classes ready for IPython (with the default prompts),
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plain Python and SAGE, but making a new one is trivial. To see how to use it,
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simply run the module as a script:
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./irunner.py --help
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This is an extension of Ken Schutte <kschutte-AT-csail.mit.edu>'s script
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contributed on the ipython-user list:
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http://scipy.net/pipermail/ipython-user/2006-May/001705.html
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NOTES:
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- This module requires pexpect, available in most linux distros, or which can
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be downloaded from
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http://pexpect.sourceforge.net
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- Because pexpect only works under Unix or Windows-Cygwin, this has the same
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limitations. This means that it will NOT work under native windows Python.
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"""
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# Stdlib imports
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import optparse
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import os
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import sys
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# Third-party modules.
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import pexpect
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# Global usage strings, to avoid indentation issues when typing it below.
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USAGE = """
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Interactive script runner, type: %s
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runner [opts] script_name
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"""
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def pexpect_monkeypatch():
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"""Patch pexpect to prevent unhandled exceptions at VM teardown.
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Calling this function will monkeypatch the pexpect.spawn class and modify
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its __del__ method to make it more robust in the face of failures that can
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occur if it is called when the Python VM is shutting down.
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Since Python may fire __del__ methods arbitrarily late, it's possible for
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them to execute during the teardown of the Python VM itself. At this
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point, various builtin modules have been reset to None. Thus, the call to
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self.close() will trigger an exception because it tries to call os.close(),
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and os is now None.
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"""
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if pexpect.__version__[:3] >= '2.2':
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# No need to patch, fix is already the upstream version.
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return
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def __del__(self):
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"""This makes sure that no system resources are left open.
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Python only garbage collects Python objects. OS file descriptors
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are not Python objects, so they must be handled explicitly.
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If the child file descriptor was opened outside of this class
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(passed to the constructor) then this does not close it.
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"""
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if not self.closed:
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try:
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self.close()
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except AttributeError:
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pass
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pexpect.spawn.__del__ = __del__
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pexpect_monkeypatch()
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# The generic runner class
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class InteractiveRunner(object):
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"""Class to run a sequence of commands through an interactive program."""
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def __init__(self,program,prompts,args=None,out=sys.stdout,echo=True):
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"""Construct a runner.
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Inputs:
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- program: command to execute the given program.
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- prompts: a list of patterns to match as valid prompts, in the
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format used by pexpect. This basically means that it can be either
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a string (to be compiled as a regular expression) or a list of such
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(it must be a true list, as pexpect does type checks).
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If more than one prompt is given, the first is treated as the main
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program prompt and the others as 'continuation' prompts, like
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python's. This means that blank lines in the input source are
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ommitted when the first prompt is matched, but are NOT ommitted when
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the continuation one matches, since this is how python signals the
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end of multiline input interactively.
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Optional inputs:
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- args(None): optional list of strings to pass as arguments to the
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child program.
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- out(sys.stdout): if given, an output stream to be used when writing
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output. The only requirement is that it must have a .write() method.
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Public members not parameterized in the constructor:
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- delaybeforesend(0): Newer versions of pexpect have a delay before
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sending each new input. For our purposes here, it's typically best
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to just set this to zero, but if you encounter reliability problems
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or want an interactive run to pause briefly at each prompt, just
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increase this value (it is measured in seconds). Note that this
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variable is not honored at all by older versions of pexpect.
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"""
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self.program = program
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self.prompts = prompts
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if args is None: args = []
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self.args = args
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self.out = out
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self.echo = echo
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# Other public members which we don't make as parameters, but which
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# users may occasionally want to tweak
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self.delaybeforesend = 0
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# Create child process and hold on to it so we don't have to re-create
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# for every single execution call
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c = self.child = pexpect.spawn(self.program,self.args,timeout=None)
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c.delaybeforesend = self.delaybeforesend
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# pexpect hard-codes the terminal size as (24,80) (rows,columns).
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# This causes problems because any line longer than 80 characters gets
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# completely overwrapped on the printed outptut (even though
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# internally the code runs fine). We reset this to 99 rows X 200
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# columns (arbitrarily chosen), which should avoid problems in all
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# reasonable cases.
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c.setwinsize(99,200)
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def close(self):
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"""close child process"""
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self.child.close()
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def run_file(self,fname,interact=False,get_output=False):
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"""Run the given file interactively.
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Inputs:
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-fname: name of the file to execute.
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See the run_source docstring for the meaning of the optional
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arguments."""
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fobj = open(fname,'r')
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try:
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out = self.run_source(fobj,interact,get_output)
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finally:
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fobj.close()
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if get_output:
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return out
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def run_source(self,source,interact=False,get_output=False):
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"""Run the given source code interactively.
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Inputs:
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- source: a string of code to be executed, or an open file object we
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can iterate over.
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Optional inputs:
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- interact(False): if true, start to interact with the running
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program at the end of the script. Otherwise, just exit.
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- get_output(False): if true, capture the output of the child process
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(filtering the input commands out) and return it as a string.
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Returns:
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A string containing the process output, but only if requested.
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"""
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# if the source is a string, chop it up in lines so we can iterate
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# over it just as if it were an open file.
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if not isinstance(source,file):
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source = source.splitlines(True)
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if self.echo:
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# normalize all strings we write to use the native OS line
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# separators.
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linesep = os.linesep
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stdwrite = self.out.write
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write = lambda s: stdwrite(s.replace('\r\n',linesep))
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else:
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# Quiet mode, all writes are no-ops
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write = lambda s: None
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c = self.child
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prompts = c.compile_pattern_list(self.prompts)
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prompt_idx = c.expect_list(prompts)
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# Flag whether the script ends normally or not, to know whether we can
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# do anything further with the underlying process.
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end_normal = True
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# If the output was requested, store it in a list for return at the end
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if get_output:
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output = []
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store_output = output.append
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for cmd in source:
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# skip blank lines for all matches to the 'main' prompt, while the
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# secondary prompts do not
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if prompt_idx==0 and \
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(cmd.isspace() or cmd.lstrip().startswith('#')):
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write(cmd)
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continue
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#write('AFTER: '+c.after) # dbg
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write(c.after)
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c.send(cmd)
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try:
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prompt_idx = c.expect_list(prompts)
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except pexpect.EOF:
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# this will happen if the child dies unexpectedly
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write(c.before)
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end_normal = False
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break
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write(c.before)
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# With an echoing process, the output we get in c.before contains
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# the command sent, a newline, and then the actual process output
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if get_output:
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store_output(c.before[len(cmd+'\n'):])
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#write('CMD: <<%s>>' % cmd) # dbg
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#write('OUTPUT: <<%s>>' % output[-1]) # dbg
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self.out.flush()
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if end_normal:
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if interact:
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c.send('\n')
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print '<< Starting interactive mode >>',
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try:
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c.interact()
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except OSError:
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# This is what fires when the child stops. Simply print a
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# newline so the system prompt is aligned. The extra
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# space is there to make sure it gets printed, otherwise
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# OS buffering sometimes just suppresses it.
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write(' \n')
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self.out.flush()
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else:
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if interact:
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e="Further interaction is not possible: child process is dead."
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print >> sys.stderr, e
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# Leave the child ready for more input later on, otherwise select just
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# hangs on the second invocation.
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c.send('\n')
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# Return any requested output
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if get_output:
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return ''.join(output)
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def main(self,argv=None):
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"""Run as a command-line script."""
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parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage=USAGE % self.__class__.__name__)
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newopt = parser.add_option
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newopt('-i','--interact',action='store_true',default=False,
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help='Interact with the program after the script is run.')
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opts,args = parser.parse_args(argv)
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if len(args) != 1:
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print >> sys.stderr,"You must supply exactly one file to run."
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sys.exit(1)
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self.run_file(args[0],opts.interact)
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# Specific runners for particular programs
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class IPythonRunner(InteractiveRunner):
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"""Interactive IPython runner.
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This initalizes IPython in 'nocolor' mode for simplicity. This lets us
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avoid having to write a regexp that matches ANSI sequences, though pexpect
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does support them. If anyone contributes patches for ANSI color support,
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they will be welcome.
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It also sets the prompts manually, since the prompt regexps for
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pexpect need to be matched to the actual prompts, so user-customized
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prompts would break this.
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"""
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def __init__(self,program = 'ipython',args=None,out=sys.stdout,echo=True):
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"""New runner, optionally passing the ipython command to use."""
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args0 = ['-colors','NoColor',
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'-pi1','In [\\#]: ',
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'-pi2',' .\\D.: ',
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'-noterm_title',
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'-noautoindent']
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if args is None: args = args0
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else: args = args0 + args
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prompts = [r'In \[\d+\]: ',r' \.*: ']
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InteractiveRunner.__init__(self,program,prompts,args,out,echo)
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class PythonRunner(InteractiveRunner):
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"""Interactive Python runner."""
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def __init__(self,program='python',args=None,out=sys.stdout,echo=True):
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"""New runner, optionally passing the python command to use."""
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prompts = [r'>>> ',r'\.\.\. ']
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InteractiveRunner.__init__(self,program,prompts,args,out,echo)
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class SAGERunner(InteractiveRunner):
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"""Interactive SAGE runner.
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WARNING: this runner only works if you manually configure your SAGE copy
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to use 'colors NoColor' in the ipythonrc config file, since currently the
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prompt matching regexp does not identify color sequences."""
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def __init__(self,program='sage',args=None,out=sys.stdout,echo=True):
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"""New runner, optionally passing the sage command to use."""
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prompts = ['sage: ',r'\s*\.\.\. ']
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InteractiveRunner.__init__(self,program,prompts,args,out,echo)
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class RunnerFactory(object):
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"""Code runner factory.
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This class provides an IPython code runner, but enforces that only one
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runner is ever instantiated. The runner is created based on the extension
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of the first file to run, and it raises an exception if a runner is later
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requested for a different extension type.
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This ensures that we don't generate example files for doctest with a mix of
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python and ipython syntax.
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"""
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def __init__(self,out=sys.stdout):
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"""Instantiate a code runner."""
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self.out = out
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self.runner = None
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self.runnerClass = None
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def _makeRunner(self,runnerClass):
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self.runnerClass = runnerClass
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self.runner = runnerClass(out=self.out)
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return self.runner
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def __call__(self,fname):
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"""Return a runner for the given filename."""
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if fname.endswith('.py'):
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runnerClass = PythonRunner
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elif fname.endswith('.ipy'):
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runnerClass = IPythonRunner
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else:
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raise ValueError('Unknown file type for Runner: %r' % fname)
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if self.runner is None:
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return self._makeRunner(runnerClass)
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else:
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if runnerClass==self.runnerClass:
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return self.runner
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else:
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e='A runner of type %r can not run file %r' % \
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(self.runnerClass,fname)
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raise ValueError(e)
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# Global usage string, to avoid indentation issues if typed in a function def.
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MAIN_USAGE = """
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%prog [options] file_to_run
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This is an interface to the various interactive runners available in this
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module. If you want to pass specific options to one of the runners, you need
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to first terminate the main options with a '--', and then provide the runner's
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options. For example:
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irunner.py --python -- --help
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will pass --help to the python runner. Similarly,
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irunner.py --ipython -- --interact script.ipy
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will run the script.ipy file under the IPython runner, and then will start to
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interact with IPython at the end of the script (instead of exiting).
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The already implemented runners are listed below; adding one for a new program
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is a trivial task, see the source for examples.
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WARNING: the SAGE runner only works if you manually configure your SAGE copy
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to use 'colors NoColor' in the ipythonrc config file, since currently the
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prompt matching regexp does not identify color sequences.
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"""
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def main():
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"""Run as a command-line script."""
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parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage=MAIN_USAGE)
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newopt = parser.add_option
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parser.set_defaults(mode='ipython')
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newopt('--ipython',action='store_const',dest='mode',const='ipython',
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help='IPython interactive runner (default).')
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newopt('--python',action='store_const',dest='mode',const='python',
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help='Python interactive runner.')
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newopt('--sage',action='store_const',dest='mode',const='sage',
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help='SAGE interactive runner.')
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opts,args = parser.parse_args()
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runners = dict(ipython=IPythonRunner,
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python=PythonRunner,
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sage=SAGERunner)
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try:
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ext = os.path.splitext(args[0])[-1]
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except IndexError:
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ext = ''
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modes = {'.ipy':'ipython',
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'.py':'python',
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'.sage':'sage'}
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mode = modes.get(ext,opts.mode)
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runners[mode]().main(args)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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main()
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