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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""Top-level display functions for displaying object in different formats.
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Authors:
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* Brian Granger
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"""
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Copyright (C) 2013 The IPython Development Team
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
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# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Imports
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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from __future__ import print_function
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import os
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from .displaypub import (
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publish_pretty, publish_html,
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publish_latex, publish_svg,
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publish_png, publish_json,
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publish_javascript, publish_jpeg
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)
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from IPython.utils.py3compat import string_types
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# utility functions
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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def _safe_exists(path):
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"""Check path, but don't let exceptions raise"""
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try:
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return os.path.exists(path)
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except Exception:
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return False
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Main functions
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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def display(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display a Python object in all frontends.
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By default all representations will be computed and sent to the frontends.
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Frontends can decide which representation is used and how.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display.
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include : list or tuple, optional
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A list of format type strings (MIME types) to include in the
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format data dict. If this is set *only* the format types included
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in this list will be computed.
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exclude : list or tuple, optional
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A list of format type strings (MIME types) to exclude in the format
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data dict. If this is set all format types will be computed,
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except for those included in this argument.
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"""
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include = kwargs.get('include')
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exclude = kwargs.get('exclude')
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from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
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inst = InteractiveShell.instance()
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format = inst.display_formatter.format
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publish = inst.display_pub.publish
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for obj in objs:
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format_dict, md_dict = format(obj, include=include, exclude=exclude)
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publish('IPython.core.display.display', format_dict, md_dict)
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def display_pretty(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the pretty (default) representation of an object.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw text data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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"""
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raw = kwargs.pop('raw',False)
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if raw:
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for obj in objs:
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publish_pretty(obj)
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else:
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display(*objs, include=['text/plain'])
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def display_html(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the HTML representation of an object.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw HTML data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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"""
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raw = kwargs.pop('raw',False)
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if raw:
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for obj in objs:
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publish_html(obj)
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else:
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display(*objs, include=['text/plain','text/html'])
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def display_svg(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the SVG representation of an object.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw svg data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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"""
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raw = kwargs.pop('raw',False)
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if raw:
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for obj in objs:
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publish_svg(obj)
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else:
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display(*objs, include=['text/plain','image/svg+xml'])
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def display_png(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the PNG representation of an object.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw png data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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"""
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raw = kwargs.pop('raw',False)
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if raw:
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for obj in objs:
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publish_png(obj)
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else:
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display(*objs, include=['text/plain','image/png'])
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def display_jpeg(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the JPEG representation of an object.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw JPEG data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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"""
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raw = kwargs.pop('raw',False)
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if raw:
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for obj in objs:
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publish_jpeg(obj)
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else:
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display(*objs, include=['text/plain','image/jpeg'])
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def display_latex(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the LaTeX representation of an object.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw latex data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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"""
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raw = kwargs.pop('raw',False)
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if raw:
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for obj in objs:
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publish_latex(obj)
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else:
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display(*objs, include=['text/plain','text/latex'])
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def display_json(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the JSON representation of an object.
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Note that not many frontends support displaying JSON.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw json data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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"""
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raw = kwargs.pop('raw',False)
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if raw:
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for obj in objs:
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publish_json(obj)
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else:
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display(*objs, include=['text/plain','application/json'])
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def display_javascript(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the Javascript representation of an object.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw javascript data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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"""
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raw = kwargs.pop('raw',False)
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if raw:
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for obj in objs:
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publish_javascript(obj)
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else:
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display(*objs, include=['text/plain','application/javascript'])
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Smart classes
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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class DisplayObject(object):
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"""An object that wraps data to be displayed."""
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_read_flags = 'r'
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def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None):
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"""Create a display object given raw data.
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When this object is returned by an expression or passed to the
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display function, it will result in the data being displayed
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in the frontend. The MIME type of the data should match the
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subclasses used, so the Png subclass should be used for 'image/png'
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data. If the data is a URL, the data will first be downloaded
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and then displayed. If
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Parameters
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----------
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data : unicode, str or bytes
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The raw data or a URL or file to load the data from
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url : unicode
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A URL to download the data from.
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filename : unicode
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Path to a local file to load the data from.
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"""
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if data is not None and isinstance(data, string_types):
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if data.startswith('http') and url is None:
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url = data
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filename = None
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data = None
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elif _safe_exists(data) and filename is None:
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url = None
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filename = data
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data = None
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self.data = data
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self.url = url
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self.filename = None if filename is None else unicode(filename)
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self.reload()
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def reload(self):
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"""Reload the raw data from file or URL."""
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if self.filename is not None:
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with open(self.filename, self._read_flags) as f:
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self.data = f.read()
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elif self.url is not None:
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try:
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import urllib2
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response = urllib2.urlopen(self.url)
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self.data = response.read()
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# extract encoding from header, if there is one:
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encoding = None
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for sub in response.headers['content-type'].split(';'):
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sub = sub.strip()
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if sub.startswith('charset'):
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encoding = sub.split('=')[-1].strip()
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break
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# decode data, if an encoding was specified
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if encoding:
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self.data = self.data.decode(encoding, 'replace')
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except:
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self.data = None
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class Pretty(DisplayObject):
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def _repr_pretty_(self):
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return self.data
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class HTML(DisplayObject):
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def _repr_html_(self):
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return self.data
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class Math(DisplayObject):
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def _repr_latex_(self):
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s = self.data.strip('$')
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return "$$%s$$" % s
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class Latex(DisplayObject):
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def _repr_latex_(self):
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return self.data
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class SVG(DisplayObject):
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# wrap data in a property, which extracts the <svg> tag, discarding
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# document headers
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_data = None
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@property
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def data(self):
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return self._data
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@data.setter
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def data(self, svg):
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if svg is None:
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self._data = None
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return
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# parse into dom object
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from xml.dom import minidom
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x = minidom.parseString(svg)
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# get svg tag (should be 1)
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found_svg = x.getElementsByTagName('svg')
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if found_svg:
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svg = found_svg[0].toxml()
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else:
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# fallback on the input, trust the user
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# but this is probably an error.
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pass
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self._data = svg
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def _repr_svg_(self):
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return self.data
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class JSON(DisplayObject):
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def _repr_json_(self):
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return self.data
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css_t = """$("head").append($("<link/>").attr({
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rel: "stylesheet",
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type: "text/css",
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href: "%s"
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}));
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"""
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lib_t1 = """$.getScript("%s", function () {
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"""
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lib_t2 = """});
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"""
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class Javascript(DisplayObject):
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def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, lib=None, css=None):
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"""Create a Javascript display object given raw data.
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When this object is returned by an expression or passed to the
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display function, it will result in the data being displayed
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in the frontend. If the data is a URL, the data will first be
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downloaded and then displayed.
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In the Notebook, the containing element will be available as `element`,
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and jQuery will be available. The output area starts hidden, so if
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the js appends content to `element` that should be visible, then
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it must call `container.show()` to unhide the area.
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Parameters
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----------
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data : unicode, str or bytes
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The Javascript source code or a URL to download it from.
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url : unicode
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A URL to download the data from.
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filename : unicode
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Path to a local file to load the data from.
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lib : list or str
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A sequence of Javascript library URLs to load asynchronously before
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running the source code. The full URLs of the libraries should
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be given. A single Javascript library URL can also be given as a
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string.
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css: : list or str
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A sequence of css files to load before running the source code.
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The full URLs of the css files should be given. A single css URL
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can also be given as a string.
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"""
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if isinstance(lib, basestring):
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lib = [lib]
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elif lib is None:
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lib = []
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if isinstance(css, basestring):
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css = [css]
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elif css is None:
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css = []
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if not isinstance(lib, (list,tuple)):
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raise TypeError('expected sequence, got: %r' % lib)
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if not isinstance(css, (list,tuple)):
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raise TypeError('expected sequence, got: %r' % css)
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self.lib = lib
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self.css = css
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super(Javascript, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
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def _repr_javascript_(self):
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r = ''
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for c in self.css:
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r += css_t % c
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for l in self.lib:
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r += lib_t1 % l
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r += self.data
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r += lib_t2*len(self.lib)
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return r
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# constants for identifying png/jpeg data
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_PNG = b'\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n'
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_JPEG = b'\xff\xd8'
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class Image(DisplayObject):
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_read_flags = 'rb'
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_FMT_JPEG = u'jpeg'
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_FMT_PNG = u'png'
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_ACCEPTABLE_EMBEDDINGS = [_FMT_JPEG, _FMT_PNG]
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def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, format=u'png', embed=None, width=None, height=None):
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"""Create a display an PNG/JPEG image given raw data.
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When this object is returned by an expression or passed to the
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display function, it will result in the image being displayed
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in the frontend.
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Parameters
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----------
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data : unicode, str or bytes
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The raw data or a URL to download the data from.
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url : unicode
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A URL to download the data from.
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filename : unicode
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Path to a local file to load the data from.
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format : unicode
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The format of the image data (png/jpeg/jpg). If a filename or URL is given
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for format will be inferred from the filename extension.
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embed : bool
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Should the image data be embedded using a data URI (True) or be
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loaded using an <img> tag. Set this to True if you want the image
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to be viewable later with no internet connection in the notebook.
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Default is `True`, unless the keyword argument `url` is set, then
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default value is `False`.
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Note that QtConsole is not able to display images if `embed` is set to `False`
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width : int
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Width to which to constrain the image in html
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height : int
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Height to which to constrain the image in html
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Examples
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--------
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# embed implicitly True, works in qtconsole and notebook
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Image('http://www.google.fr/images/srpr/logo3w.png')
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# embed implicitly False, does not works in qtconsole but works in notebook if
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# internet connection available
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Image(url='http://www.google.fr/images/srpr/logo3w.png')
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"""
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if filename is not None:
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ext = self._find_ext(filename)
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elif url is not None:
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ext = self._find_ext(url)
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elif data is None:
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raise ValueError("No image data found. Expecting filename, url, or data.")
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elif isinstance(data, string_types) and (
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data.startswith('http') or _safe_exists(data)
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):
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ext = self._find_ext(data)
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else:
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ext = None
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if ext is not None:
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format = ext.lower()
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if ext == u'jpg' or ext == u'jpeg':
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format = self._FMT_JPEG
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if ext == u'png':
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format = self._FMT_PNG
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elif isinstance(data, bytes) and format == 'png':
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# infer image type from image data header,
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# only if format might not have been specified.
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if data[:2] == _JPEG:
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format = 'jpeg'
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self.format = unicode(format).lower()
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self.embed = embed if embed is not None else (url is None)
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if self.embed and self.format not in self._ACCEPTABLE_EMBEDDINGS:
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raise ValueError("Cannot embed the '%s' image format" % (self.format))
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self.width = width
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self.height = height
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super(Image, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
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def reload(self):
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"""Reload the raw data from file or URL."""
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if self.embed:
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super(Image,self).reload()
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def _repr_html_(self):
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if not self.embed:
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width = height = ''
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if self.width:
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width = ' width="%d"' % self.width
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if self.height:
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height = ' height="%d"' % self.height
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return u'<img src="%s"%s%s/>' % (self.url, width, height)
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def _data_and_metadata(self):
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"""shortcut for returning metadata with shape information, if defined"""
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md = {}
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if self.width:
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md['width'] = self.width
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if self.height:
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md['height'] = self.height
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if md:
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return self.data, md
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else:
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return self.data
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def _repr_png_(self):
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if self.embed and self.format == u'png':
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return self._data_and_metadata()
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def _repr_jpeg_(self):
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if self.embed and (self.format == u'jpeg' or self.format == u'jpg'):
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return self._data_and_metadata()
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def _find_ext(self, s):
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return unicode(s.split('.')[-1].lower())
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def clear_output(stdout=True, stderr=True, other=True):
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"""Clear the output of the current cell receiving output.
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Optionally, each of stdout/stderr or other non-stream data (e.g. anything
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produced by display()) can be excluded from the clear event.
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By default, everything is cleared.
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Parameters
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----------
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stdout : bool [default: True]
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Whether to clear stdout.
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stderr : bool [default: True]
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Whether to clear stderr.
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other : bool [default: True]
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Whether to clear everything else that is not stdout/stderr
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(e.g. figures,images,HTML, any result of display()).
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"""
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from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
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if InteractiveShell.initialized():
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InteractiveShell.instance().display_pub.clear_output(
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stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr, other=other,
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)
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else:
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from IPython.utils import io
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if stdout:
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print('\033[2K\r', file=io.stdout, end='')
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io.stdout.flush()
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if stderr:
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print('\033[2K\r', file=io.stderr, end='')
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io.stderr.flush()
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