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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# encoding: utf-8
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"""
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The :class:`~IPython.core.application.Application` object for the command
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line :command:`ipython` program.
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Authors
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-------
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* Brian Granger
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* Fernando Perez
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"""
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Copyright (C) 2008-2010 The IPython Development Team
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
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# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Imports
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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from __future__ import absolute_import
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import logging
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import os
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import sys
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from IPython.core import release
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from IPython.core.crashhandler import CrashHandler
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from IPython.core.application import Application, BaseAppConfigLoader
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from IPython.frontend.terminal.interactiveshell import TerminalInteractiveShell
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from IPython.config.loader import (
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Config,
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PyFileConfigLoader
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)
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from IPython.lib import inputhook
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from IPython.utils.path import filefind, get_ipython_dir
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from IPython.core import usage
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Globals, utilities and helpers
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#: The default config file name for this application.
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default_config_file_name = u'ipython_config.py'
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class IPAppConfigLoader(BaseAppConfigLoader):
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def _add_arguments(self):
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super(IPAppConfigLoader, self)._add_arguments()
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paa = self.parser.add_argument
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paa('-p',
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'--profile', dest='Global.profile', type=unicode,
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help=
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"""The string name of the ipython profile to be used. Assume that your
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config file is ipython_config-<name>.py (looks in current dir first,
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then in IPYTHON_DIR). This is a quick way to keep and load multiple
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config files for different tasks, especially if include your basic one
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in your more specialized ones. You can keep a basic
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IPYTHON_DIR/ipython_config.py file and then have other 'profiles' which
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include this one and load extra things for particular tasks.""",
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metavar='Global.profile')
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paa('--config-file',
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dest='Global.config_file', type=unicode,
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help=
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"""Set the config file name to override default. Normally IPython
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loads ipython_config.py (from current directory) or
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IPYTHON_DIR/ipython_config.py. If the loading of your config file
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fails, IPython starts with a bare bones configuration (no modules
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loaded at all).""",
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metavar='Global.config_file')
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paa('--autocall',
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dest='InteractiveShell.autocall', type=int,
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help=
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"""Make IPython automatically call any callable object even if you
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didn't type explicit parentheses. For example, 'str 43' becomes
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'str(43)' automatically. The value can be '0' to disable the feature,
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'1' for 'smart' autocall, where it is not applied if there are no more
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arguments on the line, and '2' for 'full' autocall, where all callable
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objects are automatically called (even if no arguments are present).
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The default is '1'.""",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.autocall')
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paa('--autoindent',
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action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.autoindent',
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help='Turn on autoindenting.')
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paa('--no-autoindent',
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action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.autoindent',
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help='Turn off autoindenting.')
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paa('--automagic',
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action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.automagic',
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help=
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"""Turn on the auto calling of magic commands. Type %%magic at the
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IPython prompt for more information.""")
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paa('--no-automagic',
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action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.automagic',
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help='Turn off the auto calling of magic commands.')
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paa('--autoedit-syntax',
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action='store_true', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.autoedit_syntax',
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help='Turn on auto editing of files with syntax errors.')
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paa('--no-autoedit-syntax',
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action='store_false', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.autoedit_syntax',
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help='Turn off auto editing of files with syntax errors.')
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paa('--banner',
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action='store_true', dest='Global.display_banner',
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help='Display a banner upon starting IPython.')
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paa('--no-banner',
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action='store_false', dest='Global.display_banner',
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help="Don't display a banner upon starting IPython.")
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paa('--cache-size',
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type=int, dest='InteractiveShell.cache_size',
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help=
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"""Set the size of the output cache. The default is 1000, you can
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change it permanently in your config file. Setting it to 0 completely
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disables the caching system, and the minimum value accepted is 20 (if
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you provide a value less than 20, it is reset to 0 and a warning is
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issued). This limit is defined because otherwise you'll spend more
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time re-flushing a too small cache than working""",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.cache_size')
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paa('--classic',
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action='store_true', dest='Global.classic',
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help="Gives IPython a similar feel to the classic Python prompt.")
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paa('--colors',
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type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.colors',
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help="Set the color scheme (NoColor, Linux, and LightBG).",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.colors')
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paa('--color-info',
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action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.color_info',
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help=
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"""IPython can display information about objects via a set of func-
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tions, and optionally can use colors for this, syntax highlighting
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source code and various other elements. However, because this
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information is passed through a pager (like 'less') and many pagers get
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confused with color codes, this option is off by default. You can test
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it and turn it on permanently in your ipython_config.py file if it
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works for you. Test it and turn it on permanently if it works with
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your system. The magic function %%color_info allows you to toggle this
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inter- actively for testing.""")
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paa('--no-color-info',
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action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.color_info',
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help="Disable using colors for info related things.")
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paa('--confirm-exit',
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action='store_true', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.confirm_exit',
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help=
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"""Set to confirm when you try to exit IPython with an EOF (Control-D
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in Unix, Control-Z/Enter in Windows). By typing 'exit', 'quit' or
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'%%Exit', you can force a direct exit without any confirmation.""")
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paa('--no-confirm-exit',
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action='store_false', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.confirm_exit',
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help="Don't prompt the user when exiting.")
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paa('--deep-reload',
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action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.deep_reload',
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help=
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"""Enable deep (recursive) reloading by default. IPython can use the
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deep_reload module which reloads changes in modules recursively (it
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replaces the reload() function, so you don't need to change anything to
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use it). deep_reload() forces a full reload of modules whose code may
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have changed, which the default reload() function does not. When
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deep_reload is off, IPython will use the normal reload(), but
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deep_reload will still be available as dreload(). This fea- ture is off
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by default [which means that you have both normal reload() and
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dreload()].""")
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paa('--no-deep-reload',
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action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.deep_reload',
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help="Disable deep (recursive) reloading by default.")
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paa('--editor',
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type=str, dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.editor',
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help="Set the editor used by IPython (default to $EDITOR/vi/notepad).",
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metavar='TerminalInteractiveShell.editor')
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paa('--log','-l',
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action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.logstart',
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help="Start logging to the default log file (./ipython_log.py).")
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paa('--logfile','-lf',
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type=unicode, dest='InteractiveShell.logfile',
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help="Start logging to logfile with this name.",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.logfile')
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paa('--log-append','-la',
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type=unicode, dest='InteractiveShell.logappend',
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help="Start logging to the given file in append mode.",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.logfile')
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paa('--pdb',
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action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.pdb',
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help="Enable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.")
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paa('--no-pdb',
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action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.pdb',
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help="Disable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.")
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paa('--pprint',
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action='store_true', dest='PlainTextFormatter.pprint',
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help="Enable auto pretty printing of results.")
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paa('--no-pprint',
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action='store_false', dest='PlainTextFormatter.pprint',
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help="Disable auto auto pretty printing of results.")
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paa('--prompt-in1','-pi1',
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type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_in1',
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help=
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"""Set the main input prompt ('In [\#]: '). Note that if you are using
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numbered prompts, the number is represented with a '\#' in the string.
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Don't forget to quote strings with spaces embedded in them. Most
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bash-like escapes can be used to customize IPython's prompts, as well
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as a few additional ones which are IPython-spe- cific. All valid
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prompt escapes are described in detail in the Customization section of
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the IPython manual.""",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_in1')
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paa('--prompt-in2','-pi2',
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type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_in2',
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help=
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"""Set the secondary input prompt (' .\D.: '). Similar to the previous
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option, but used for the continuation prompts. The special sequence
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'\D' is similar to '\#', but with all digits replaced by dots (so you
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can have your continuation prompt aligned with your input prompt).
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Default: ' .\D.: ' (note three spaces at the start for alignment with
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'In [\#]')""",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_in2')
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paa('--prompt-out','-po',
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type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_out',
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help="Set the output prompt ('Out[\#]:')",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_out')
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paa('--quick',
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action='store_true', dest='Global.quick',
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help="Enable quick startup with no config files.")
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paa('--readline',
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action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.readline_use',
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help="Enable readline for command line usage.")
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paa('--no-readline',
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action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.readline_use',
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help="Disable readline for command line usage.")
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paa('--screen-length','-sl',
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type=int, dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.screen_length',
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help=
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"""Number of lines of your screen, used to control printing of very
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long strings. Strings longer than this number of lines will be sent
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through a pager instead of directly printed. The default value for
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this is 0, which means IPython will auto-detect your screen size every
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time it needs to print certain potentially long strings (this doesn't
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change the behavior of the 'print' keyword, it's only triggered
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internally). If for some reason this isn't working well (it needs
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curses support), specify it yourself. Otherwise don't change the
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default.""",
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metavar='TerminalInteractiveShell.screen_length')
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paa('--separate-in','-si',
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type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_in',
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help="Separator before input prompts. Default '\\n'.",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_in')
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paa('--separate-out','-so',
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type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_out',
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help="Separator before output prompts. Default 0 (nothing).",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_out')
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paa('--separate-out2','-so2',
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type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_out2',
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help="Separator after output prompts. Default 0 (nonight).",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_out2')
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paa('--no-sep',
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action='store_true', dest='Global.nosep',
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help="Eliminate all spacing between prompts.")
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paa('--term-title',
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action='store_true', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.term_title',
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help="Enable auto setting the terminal title.")
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paa('--no-term-title',
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action='store_false', dest='TerminalInteractiveShell.term_title',
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help="Disable auto setting the terminal title.")
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paa('--xmode',
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type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.xmode',
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help=
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"""Exception reporting mode ('Plain','Context','Verbose'). Plain:
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similar to python's normal traceback printing. Context: prints 5 lines
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of context source code around each line in the traceback. Verbose:
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similar to Context, but additionally prints the variables currently
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visible where the exception happened (shortening their strings if too
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long). This can potentially be very slow, if you happen to have a huge
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data structure whose string representation is complex to compute.
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Your computer may appear to freeze for a while with cpu usage at 100%%.
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If this occurs, you can cancel the traceback with Ctrl-C (maybe hitting
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it more than once).
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""",
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metavar='InteractiveShell.xmode')
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paa('--ext',
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type=str, dest='Global.extra_extension',
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help="The dotted module name of an IPython extension to load.",
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metavar='Global.extra_extension')
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paa('-c',
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type=str, dest='Global.code_to_run',
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help="Execute the given command string.",
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metavar='Global.code_to_run')
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paa('-i',
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action='store_true', dest='Global.force_interact',
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help=
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"If running code from the command line, become interactive afterwards.")
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# Options to start with GUI control enabled from the beginning
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paa('--gui',
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type=str, dest='Global.gui',
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help="Enable GUI event loop integration ('qt', 'wx', 'gtk').",
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metavar='gui-mode')
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paa('--pylab','-pylab',
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type=str, dest='Global.pylab',
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nargs='?', const='auto', metavar='gui-mode',
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help="Pre-load matplotlib and numpy for interactive use. "+
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"If no value is given, the gui backend is matplotlib's, else use "+
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"one of: ['tk', 'qt', 'wx', 'gtk', 'osx'].")
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# Legacy GUI options. Leave them in for backwards compatibility, but the
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# 'thread' names are really a misnomer now.
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paa('--wthread', '-wthread',
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action='store_true', dest='Global.wthread',
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help=
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"""Enable wxPython event loop integration. (DEPRECATED, use --gui wx)""")
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paa('--q4thread', '--qthread', '-q4thread', '-qthread',
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action='store_true', dest='Global.q4thread',
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help=
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"""Enable Qt4 event loop integration. Qt3 is no longer supported.
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(DEPRECATED, use --gui qt)""")
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paa('--gthread', '-gthread',
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action='store_true', dest='Global.gthread',
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help=
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"""Enable GTK event loop integration. (DEPRECATED, use --gui gtk)""")
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Crash handler for this application
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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_message_template = """\
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Oops, $self.app_name crashed. We do our best to make it stable, but...
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A crash report was automatically generated with the following information:
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- A verbatim copy of the crash traceback.
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- A copy of your input history during this session.
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- Data on your current $self.app_name configuration.
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It was left in the file named:
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\t'$self.crash_report_fname'
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If you can email this file to the developers, the information in it will help
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them in understanding and correcting the problem.
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You can mail it to: $self.contact_name at $self.contact_email
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with the subject '$self.app_name Crash Report'.
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If you want to do it now, the following command will work (under Unix):
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mail -s '$self.app_name Crash Report' $self.contact_email < $self.crash_report_fname
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To ensure accurate tracking of this issue, please file a report about it at:
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$self.bug_tracker
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"""
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class IPAppCrashHandler(CrashHandler):
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"""sys.excepthook for IPython itself, leaves a detailed report on disk."""
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message_template = _message_template
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def __init__(self, app):
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contact_name = release.authors['Fernando'][0]
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contact_email = release.authors['Fernando'][1]
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bug_tracker = 'http://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues'
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super(IPAppCrashHandler,self).__init__(
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app, contact_name, contact_email, bug_tracker
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)
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def make_report(self,traceback):
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"""Return a string containing a crash report."""
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sec_sep = self.section_sep
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# Start with parent report
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report = [super(IPAppCrashHandler, self).make_report(traceback)]
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# Add interactive-specific info we may have
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rpt_add = report.append
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try:
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rpt_add(sec_sep+"History of session input:")
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for line in self.app.shell.user_ns['_ih']:
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rpt_add(line)
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rpt_add('\n*** Last line of input (may not be in above history):\n')
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rpt_add(self.app.shell._last_input_line+'\n')
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except:
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pass
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return ''.join(report)
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Main classes and functions
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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class IPythonApp(Application):
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name = u'ipython'
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#: argparse formats better the 'usage' than the 'description' field
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description = None
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usage = usage.cl_usage
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command_line_loader = IPAppConfigLoader
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default_config_file_name = default_config_file_name
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crash_handler_class = IPAppCrashHandler
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def create_default_config(self):
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super(IPythonApp, self).create_default_config()
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# Eliminate multiple lookups
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Global = self.default_config.Global
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# Set all default values
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Global.display_banner = True
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# If the -c flag is given or a file is given to run at the cmd line
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# like "ipython foo.py", normally we exit without starting the main
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# loop. The force_interact config variable allows a user to override
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# this and interact. It is also set by the -i cmd line flag, just
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# like Python.
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Global.force_interact = False
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# By default always interact by starting the IPython mainloop.
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Global.interact = True
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# No GUI integration by default
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Global.gui = False
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# Pylab off by default
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Global.pylab = False
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# Deprecated versions of gui support that used threading, we support
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# them just for bacwards compatibility as an alternate spelling for
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# '--gui X'
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Global.qthread = False
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Global.q4thread = False
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Global.wthread = False
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Global.gthread = False
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def load_file_config(self):
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if hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'quick'):
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if self.command_line_config.Global.quick:
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self.file_config = Config()
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return
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super(IPythonApp, self).load_file_config()
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def post_load_file_config(self):
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if hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'extra_extension'):
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if not hasattr(self.file_config.Global, 'extensions'):
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self.file_config.Global.extensions = []
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self.file_config.Global.extensions.append(
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self.command_line_config.Global.extra_extension)
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del self.command_line_config.Global.extra_extension
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def pre_construct(self):
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config = self.master_config
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if hasattr(config.Global, 'classic'):
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if config.Global.classic:
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config.InteractiveShell.cache_size = 0
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config.PlainTextFormatter.pprint = 0
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config.InteractiveShell.prompt_in1 = '>>> '
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config.InteractiveShell.prompt_in2 = '... '
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config.InteractiveShell.prompt_out = ''
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config.InteractiveShell.separate_in = \
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config.InteractiveShell.separate_out = \
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config.InteractiveShell.separate_out2 = ''
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config.InteractiveShell.colors = 'NoColor'
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config.InteractiveShell.xmode = 'Plain'
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if hasattr(config.Global, 'nosep'):
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if config.Global.nosep:
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config.InteractiveShell.separate_in = \
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config.InteractiveShell.separate_out = \
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config.InteractiveShell.separate_out2 = ''
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# if there is code of files to run from the cmd line, don't interact
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# unless the -i flag (Global.force_interact) is true.
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code_to_run = config.Global.get('code_to_run','')
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file_to_run = False
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if self.extra_args and self.extra_args[0]:
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file_to_run = True
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if file_to_run or code_to_run:
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if not config.Global.force_interact:
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config.Global.interact = False
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def construct(self):
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# I am a little hesitant to put these into InteractiveShell itself.
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# But that might be the place for them
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sys.path.insert(0, '')
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# Create an InteractiveShell instance.
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self.shell = TerminalInteractiveShell.instance(config=self.master_config)
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def post_construct(self):
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"""Do actions after construct, but before starting the app."""
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config = self.master_config
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# shell.display_banner should always be False for the terminal
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# based app, because we call shell.show_banner() by hand below
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# so the banner shows *before* all extension loading stuff.
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self.shell.display_banner = False
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if config.Global.display_banner and \
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config.Global.interact:
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self.shell.show_banner()
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# Make sure there is a space below the banner.
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if self.log_level <= logging.INFO: print
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# Now a variety of things that happen after the banner is printed.
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self._enable_gui_pylab()
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self._load_extensions()
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self._run_exec_lines()
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self._run_exec_files()
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self._run_cmd_line_code()
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def _enable_gui_pylab(self):
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"""Enable GUI event loop integration, taking pylab into account."""
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Global = self.master_config.Global
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# Select which gui to use
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if Global.gui:
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gui = Global.gui
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# The following are deprecated, but there's likely to be a lot of use
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# of this form out there, so we might as well support it for now. But
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# the --gui option above takes precedence.
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elif Global.wthread:
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gui = inputhook.GUI_WX
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elif Global.qthread:
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gui = inputhook.GUI_QT
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elif Global.gthread:
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gui = inputhook.GUI_GTK
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else:
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gui = None
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# Using --pylab will also require gui activation, though which toolkit
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# to use may be chosen automatically based on mpl configuration.
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if Global.pylab:
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activate = self.shell.enable_pylab
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if Global.pylab == 'auto':
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gui = None
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else:
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gui = Global.pylab
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else:
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# Enable only GUI integration, no pylab
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activate = inputhook.enable_gui
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if gui or Global.pylab:
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try:
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self.log.info("Enabling GUI event loop integration, "
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"toolkit=%s, pylab=%s" % (gui, Global.pylab) )
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activate(gui)
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except:
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self.log.warn("Error in enabling GUI event loop integration:")
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self.shell.showtraceback()
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def _load_extensions(self):
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"""Load all IPython extensions in Global.extensions.
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This uses the :meth:`ExtensionManager.load_extensions` to load all
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the extensions listed in ``self.master_config.Global.extensions``.
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"""
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try:
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if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'extensions'):
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self.log.debug("Loading IPython extensions...")
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extensions = self.master_config.Global.extensions
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for ext in extensions:
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try:
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self.log.info("Loading IPython extension: %s" % ext)
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self.shell.extension_manager.load_extension(ext)
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except:
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self.log.warn("Error in loading extension: %s" % ext)
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self.shell.showtraceback()
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except:
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self.log.warn("Unknown error in loading extensions:")
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self.shell.showtraceback()
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def _run_exec_lines(self):
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"""Run lines of code in Global.exec_lines in the user's namespace."""
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try:
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if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'exec_lines'):
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self.log.debug("Running code from Global.exec_lines...")
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exec_lines = self.master_config.Global.exec_lines
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for line in exec_lines:
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try:
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self.log.info("Running code in user namespace: %s" %
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line)
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self.shell.run_cell(line)
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except:
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self.log.warn("Error in executing line in user "
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"namespace: %s" % line)
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self.shell.showtraceback()
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except:
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self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling Global.exec_lines:")
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self.shell.showtraceback()
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def _exec_file(self, fname):
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full_filename = filefind(fname, [u'.', self.ipython_dir])
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if os.path.isfile(full_filename):
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if full_filename.endswith(u'.py'):
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self.log.info("Running file in user namespace: %s" %
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full_filename)
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# Ensure that __file__ is always defined to match Python behavior
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self.shell.user_ns['__file__'] = fname
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try:
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self.shell.safe_execfile(full_filename, self.shell.user_ns)
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finally:
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del self.shell.user_ns['__file__']
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elif full_filename.endswith('.ipy'):
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self.log.info("Running file in user namespace: %s" %
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full_filename)
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self.shell.safe_execfile_ipy(full_filename)
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else:
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self.log.warn("File does not have a .py or .ipy extension: <%s>"
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% full_filename)
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def _run_exec_files(self):
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try:
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if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'exec_files'):
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self.log.debug("Running files in Global.exec_files...")
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exec_files = self.master_config.Global.exec_files
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for fname in exec_files:
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self._exec_file(fname)
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except:
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self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling Global.exec_files:")
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self.shell.showtraceback()
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def _run_cmd_line_code(self):
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if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'code_to_run'):
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line = self.master_config.Global.code_to_run
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try:
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self.log.info("Running code given at command line (-c): %s" %
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line)
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self.shell.run_cell(line)
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except:
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self.log.warn("Error in executing line in user namespace: %s" %
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line)
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self.shell.showtraceback()
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return
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# Like Python itself, ignore the second if the first of these is present
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try:
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fname = self.extra_args[0]
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except:
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pass
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else:
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try:
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self._exec_file(fname)
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except:
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self.log.warn("Error in executing file in user namespace: %s" %
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fname)
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self.shell.showtraceback()
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def start_app(self):
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if self.master_config.Global.interact:
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self.log.debug("Starting IPython's mainloop...")
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self.shell.mainloop()
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else:
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self.log.debug("IPython not interactive, start_app is no-op...")
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def load_default_config(ipython_dir=None):
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"""Load the default config file from the default ipython_dir.
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This is useful for embedded shells.
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"""
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if ipython_dir is None:
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ipython_dir = get_ipython_dir()
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cl = PyFileConfigLoader(default_config_file_name, ipython_dir)
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config = cl.load_config()
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return config
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def launch_new_instance():
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"""Create and run a full blown IPython instance"""
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app = IPythonApp()
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app.start()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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launch_new_instance()
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