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"""Module for interactive demos using IPython.
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This module implements a few classes for running Python scripts interactively
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in IPython for demonstrations. With very simple markup (a few tags in
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comments), you can control points where the script stops executing and returns
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control to IPython.
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Provided classes
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----------------
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The classes are (see their docstrings for further details):
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- Demo: pure python demos
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- IPythonDemo: demos with input to be processed by IPython as if it had been
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typed interactively (so magics work, as well as any other special syntax you
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may have added via input prefilters).
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- LineDemo: single-line version of the Demo class. These demos are executed
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one line at a time, and require no markup.
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- IPythonLineDemo: IPython version of the LineDemo class (the demo is
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executed a line at a time, but processed via IPython).
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- ClearMixin: mixin to make Demo classes with less visual clutter. It
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declares an empty marquee and a pre_cmd that clears the screen before each
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block (see Subclassing below).
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- ClearDemo, ClearIPDemo: mixin-enabled versions of the Demo and IPythonDemo
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classes.
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Inheritance diagram:
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.. inheritance-diagram:: IPython.lib.demo
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:parts: 3
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Subclassing
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-----------
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The classes here all include a few methods meant to make customization by
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subclassing more convenient. Their docstrings below have some more details:
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- highlight(): format every block and optionally highlight comments and
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docstring content.
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- marquee(): generates a marquee to provide visible on-screen markers at each
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block start and end.
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- pre_cmd(): run right before the execution of each block.
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- post_cmd(): run right after the execution of each block. If the block
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raises an exception, this is NOT called.
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Operation
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---------
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The file is run in its own empty namespace (though you can pass it a string of
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arguments as if in a command line environment, and it will see those as
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sys.argv). But at each stop, the global IPython namespace is updated with the
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current internal demo namespace, so you can work interactively with the data
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accumulated so far.
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By default, each block of code is printed (with syntax highlighting) before
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executing it and you have to confirm execution. This is intended to show the
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code to an audience first so you can discuss it, and only proceed with
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execution once you agree. There are a few tags which allow you to modify this
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behavior.
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The supported tags are:
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# <demo> stop
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Defines block boundaries, the points where IPython stops execution of the
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file and returns to the interactive prompt.
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You can optionally mark the stop tag with extra dashes before and after the
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word 'stop', to help visually distinguish the blocks in a text editor:
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# <demo> --- stop ---
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# <demo> silent
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Make a block execute silently (and hence automatically). Typically used in
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cases where you have some boilerplate or initialization code which you need
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executed but do not want to be seen in the demo.
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# <demo> auto
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Make a block execute automatically, but still being printed. Useful for
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simple code which does not warrant discussion, since it avoids the extra
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manual confirmation.
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# <demo> auto_all
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This tag can _only_ be in the first block, and if given it overrides the
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individual auto tags to make the whole demo fully automatic (no block asks
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for confirmation). It can also be given at creation time (or the attribute
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set later) to override what's in the file.
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While _any_ python file can be run as a Demo instance, if there are no stop
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tags the whole file will run in a single block (no different that calling
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first %pycat and then %run). The minimal markup to make this useful is to
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place a set of stop tags; the other tags are only there to let you fine-tune
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the execution.
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This is probably best explained with the simple example file below. You can
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copy this into a file named ex_demo.py, and try running it via::
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from IPython.lib.demo import Demo
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d = Demo('ex_demo.py')
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d()
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Each time you call the demo object, it runs the next block. The demo object
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has a few useful methods for navigation, like again(), edit(), jump(), seek()
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and back(). It can be reset for a new run via reset() or reloaded from disk
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(in case you've edited the source) via reload(). See their docstrings below.
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Note: To make this simpler to explore, a file called "demo-exercizer.py" has
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been added to the "docs/examples/core" directory. Just cd to this directory in
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an IPython session, and type::
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%run demo-exercizer.py
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and then follow the directions.
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Example
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-------
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The following is a very simple example of a valid demo file.
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::
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#################### EXAMPLE DEMO <ex_demo.py> ###############################
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'''A simple interactive demo to illustrate the use of IPython's Demo class.'''
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print 'Hello, welcome to an interactive IPython demo.'
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# The mark below defines a block boundary, which is a point where IPython will
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# stop execution and return to the interactive prompt. The dashes are actually
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# optional and used only as a visual aid to clearly separate blocks while
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# editing the demo code.
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# <demo> stop
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x = 1
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y = 2
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# <demo> stop
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# the mark below makes this block as silent
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# <demo> silent
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print 'This is a silent block, which gets executed but not printed.'
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# <demo> stop
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# <demo> auto
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print 'This is an automatic block.'
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print 'It is executed without asking for confirmation, but printed.'
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z = x+y
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print 'z=',x
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# <demo> stop
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# This is just another normal block.
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print 'z is now:', z
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print 'bye!'
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################### END EXAMPLE DEMO <ex_demo.py> ############################
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"""
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#*****************************************************************************
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# Copyright (C) 2005-2006 Fernando Perez. <Fernando.Perez@colorado.edu>
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
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# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
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#
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#*****************************************************************************
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import os
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import re
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import shlex
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import sys
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import pygments
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from IPython.utils.text import marquee
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from IPython.utils import openpy
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from IPython.utils import py3compat
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__all__ = ['Demo','IPythonDemo','LineDemo','IPythonLineDemo','DemoError']
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class DemoError(Exception): pass
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def re_mark(mark):
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return re.compile(r'^\s*#\s+<demo>\s+%s\s*$' % mark,re.MULTILINE)
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class Demo(object):
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re_stop = re_mark('-*\s?stop\s?-*')
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re_silent = re_mark('silent')
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re_auto = re_mark('auto')
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re_auto_all = re_mark('auto_all')
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def __init__(self,src,title='',arg_str='',auto_all=None, format_rst=False,
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formatter='terminal', style='default'):
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"""Make a new demo object. To run the demo, simply call the object.
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See the module docstring for full details and an example (you can use
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IPython.Demo? in IPython to see it).
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Inputs:
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- src is either a file, or file-like object, or a
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string that can be resolved to a filename.
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Optional inputs:
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- title: a string to use as the demo name. Of most use when the demo
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you are making comes from an object that has no filename, or if you
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want an alternate denotation distinct from the filename.
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- arg_str(''): a string of arguments, internally converted to a list
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just like sys.argv, so the demo script can see a similar
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environment.
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- auto_all(None): global flag to run all blocks automatically without
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confirmation. This attribute overrides the block-level tags and
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applies to the whole demo. It is an attribute of the object, and
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can be changed at runtime simply by reassigning it to a boolean
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value.
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- format_rst(False): a bool to enable comments and doc strings
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formating with pygments rst lexer
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- formatter('terminal'): a string of pygments formatter name to be
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used. Useful values for terminals: terminal, terminal256,
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terminal16m
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- style('default'): a string of pygments style name to be used.
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"""
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if hasattr(src, "read"):
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# It seems to be a file or a file-like object
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self.fname = "from a file-like object"
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if title == '':
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self.title = "from a file-like object"
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else:
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self.title = title
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else:
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# Assume it's a string or something that can be converted to one
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self.fname = src
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if title == '':
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(filepath, filename) = os.path.split(src)
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self.title = filename
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else:
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self.title = title
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self.sys_argv = [src] + shlex.split(arg_str)
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self.auto_all = auto_all
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self.src = src
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self.inside_ipython = "get_ipython" in globals()
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if self.inside_ipython:
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# get a few things from ipython. While it's a bit ugly design-wise,
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# it ensures that things like color scheme and the like are always in
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# sync with the ipython mode being used. This class is only meant to
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# be used inside ipython anyways, so it's OK.
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ip = get_ipython() # this is in builtins whenever IPython is running
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self.ip_ns = ip.user_ns
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self.ip_colorize = ip.pycolorize
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self.ip_showtb = ip.showtraceback
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self.ip_run_cell = ip.run_cell
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self.shell = ip
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self.formatter = pygments.formatters.get_formatter_by_name(formatter,
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style=style)
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self.python_lexer = pygments.lexers.get_lexer_by_name("py3")
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self.format_rst = format_rst
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if format_rst:
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self.rst_lexer = pygments.lexers.get_lexer_by_name("rst")
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# load user data and initialize data structures
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self.reload()
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def fload(self):
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"""Load file object."""
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# read data and parse into blocks
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if hasattr(self, 'fobj') and self.fobj is not None:
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self.fobj.close()
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if hasattr(self.src, "read"):
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# It seems to be a file or a file-like object
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self.fobj = self.src
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else:
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# Assume it's a string or something that can be converted to one
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self.fobj = openpy.open(self.fname)
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def reload(self):
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"""Reload source from disk and initialize state."""
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self.fload()
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self.src = "".join(openpy.strip_encoding_cookie(self.fobj))
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src_b = [b.strip() for b in self.re_stop.split(self.src) if b]
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self._silent = [bool(self.re_silent.findall(b)) for b in src_b]
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self._auto = [bool(self.re_auto.findall(b)) for b in src_b]
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# if auto_all is not given (def. None), we read it from the file
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if self.auto_all is None:
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self.auto_all = bool(self.re_auto_all.findall(src_b[0]))
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else:
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self.auto_all = bool(self.auto_all)
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# Clean the sources from all markup so it doesn't get displayed when
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# running the demo
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src_blocks = []
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auto_strip = lambda s: self.re_auto.sub('',s)
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for i,b in enumerate(src_b):
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if self._auto[i]:
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src_blocks.append(auto_strip(b))
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else:
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src_blocks.append(b)
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# remove the auto_all marker
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src_blocks[0] = self.re_auto_all.sub('',src_blocks[0])
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self.nblocks = len(src_blocks)
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self.src_blocks = src_blocks
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# also build syntax-highlighted source
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self.src_blocks_colored = list(map(self.highlight,self.src_blocks))
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# ensure clean namespace and seek offset
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self.reset()
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def reset(self):
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"""Reset the namespace and seek pointer to restart the demo"""
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self.user_ns = {}
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self.finished = False
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self.block_index = 0
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def _validate_index(self,index):
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if index<0 or index>=self.nblocks:
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raise ValueError('invalid block index %s' % index)
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def _get_index(self,index):
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"""Get the current block index, validating and checking status.
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Returns None if the demo is finished"""
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if index is None:
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if self.finished:
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print('Demo finished. Use <demo_name>.reset() if you want to rerun it.')
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return None
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index = self.block_index
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else:
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self._validate_index(index)
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return index
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def seek(self,index):
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"""Move the current seek pointer to the given block.
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You can use negative indices to seek from the end, with identical
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semantics to those of Python lists."""
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if index<0:
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index = self.nblocks + index
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self._validate_index(index)
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self.block_index = index
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self.finished = False
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def back(self,num=1):
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"""Move the seek pointer back num blocks (default is 1)."""
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self.seek(self.block_index-num)
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def jump(self,num=1):
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"""Jump a given number of blocks relative to the current one.
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The offset can be positive or negative, defaults to 1."""
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self.seek(self.block_index+num)
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def again(self):
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"""Move the seek pointer back one block and re-execute."""
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self.back(1)
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self()
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def edit(self,index=None):
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"""Edit a block.
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If no number is given, use the last block executed.
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This edits the in-memory copy of the demo, it does NOT modify the
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original source file. If you want to do that, simply open the file in
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an editor and use reload() when you make changes to the file. This
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method is meant to let you change a block during a demonstration for
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explanatory purposes, without damaging your original script."""
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index = self._get_index(index)
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if index is None:
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return
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# decrease the index by one (unless we're at the very beginning), so
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# that the default demo.edit() call opens up the sblock we've last run
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if index>0:
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index -= 1
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filename = self.shell.mktempfile(self.src_blocks[index])
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self.shell.hooks.editor(filename,1)
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with open(filename, 'r') as f:
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new_block = f.read()
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# update the source and colored block
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self.src_blocks[index] = new_block
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self.src_blocks_colored[index] = self.highlight(new_block)
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self.block_index = index
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# call to run with the newly edited index
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self()
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def show(self,index=None):
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"""Show a single block on screen"""
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index = self._get_index(index)
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if index is None:
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return
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print(self.marquee('<%s> block # %s (%s remaining)' %
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(self.title,index,self.nblocks-index-1)))
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print(self.src_blocks_colored[index])
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sys.stdout.flush()
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def show_all(self):
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"""Show entire demo on screen, block by block"""
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fname = self.title
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title = self.title
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nblocks = self.nblocks
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silent = self._silent
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marquee = self.marquee
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for index,block in enumerate(self.src_blocks_colored):
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if silent[index]:
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print(marquee('<%s> SILENT block # %s (%s remaining)' %
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(title,index,nblocks-index-1)))
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else:
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print(marquee('<%s> block # %s (%s remaining)' %
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(title,index,nblocks-index-1)))
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print(block, end=' ')
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sys.stdout.flush()
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def run_cell(self,source):
|
|
|
"""Execute a string with one or more lines of code"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
exec(source, self.user_ns)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self,index=None):
|
|
|
"""run a block of the demo.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If index is given, it should be an integer >=1 and <= nblocks. This
|
|
|
means that the calling convention is one off from typical Python
|
|
|
lists. The reason for the inconsistency is that the demo always
|
|
|
prints 'Block n/N, and N is the total, so it would be very odd to use
|
|
|
zero-indexing here."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
index = self._get_index(index)
|
|
|
if index is None:
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
marquee = self.marquee
|
|
|
next_block = self.src_blocks[index]
|
|
|
self.block_index += 1
|
|
|
if self._silent[index]:
|
|
|
print(marquee('Executing silent block # %s (%s remaining)' %
|
|
|
(index,self.nblocks-index-1)))
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.pre_cmd()
|
|
|
self.show(index)
|
|
|
if self.auto_all or self._auto[index]:
|
|
|
print(marquee('output:'))
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
print(marquee('Press <q> to quit, <Enter> to execute...'), end=' ')
|
|
|
ans = py3compat.input().strip()
|
|
|
if ans:
|
|
|
print(marquee('Block NOT executed'))
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
save_argv = sys.argv
|
|
|
sys.argv = self.sys_argv
|
|
|
self.run_cell(next_block)
|
|
|
self.post_cmd()
|
|
|
finally:
|
|
|
sys.argv = save_argv
|
|
|
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
if self.inside_ipython:
|
|
|
self.ip_showtb(filename=self.fname)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
if self.inside_ipython:
|
|
|
self.ip_ns.update(self.user_ns)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if self.block_index == self.nblocks:
|
|
|
mq1 = self.marquee('END OF DEMO')
|
|
|
if mq1:
|
|
|
# avoid spurious print if empty marquees are used
|
|
|
print()
|
|
|
print(mq1)
|
|
|
print(self.marquee('Use <demo_name>.reset() if you want to rerun it.'))
|
|
|
self.finished = True
|
|
|
|
|
|
# These methods are meant to be overridden by subclasses who may wish to
|
|
|
# customize the behavior of of their demos.
|
|
|
def marquee(self,txt='',width=78,mark='*'):
|
|
|
"""Return the input string centered in a 'marquee'."""
|
|
|
return marquee(txt,width,mark)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def pre_cmd(self):
|
|
|
"""Method called before executing each block."""
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
def post_cmd(self):
|
|
|
"""Method called after executing each block."""
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
def highlight(self, block):
|
|
|
"""Method called on each block to highlight it content"""
|
|
|
tokens = pygments.lex(block, self.python_lexer)
|
|
|
if self.format_rst:
|
|
|
from pygments.token import Token
|
|
|
toks = []
|
|
|
for token in tokens:
|
|
|
if token[0] == Token.String.Doc and len(token[1]) > 6:
|
|
|
toks += pygments.lex(token[1][:3], self.python_lexer)
|
|
|
# parse doc string content by rst lexer
|
|
|
toks += pygments.lex(token[1][3:-3], self.rst_lexer)
|
|
|
toks += pygments.lex(token[1][-3:], self.python_lexer)
|
|
|
elif token[0] == Token.Comment.Single:
|
|
|
toks.append((Token.Comment.Single, token[1][0]))
|
|
|
# parse comment content by rst lexer
|
|
|
# remove the extrat newline added by rst lexer
|
|
|
toks += list(pygments.lex(token[1][1:], self.rst_lexer))[:-1]
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
toks.append(token)
|
|
|
tokens = toks
|
|
|
return pygments.format(tokens, self.formatter)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class IPythonDemo(Demo):
|
|
|
"""Class for interactive demos with IPython's input processing applied.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This subclasses Demo, but instead of executing each block by the Python
|
|
|
interpreter (via exec), it actually calls IPython on it, so that any input
|
|
|
filters which may be in place are applied to the input block.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you have an interactive environment which exposes special input
|
|
|
processing, you can use this class instead to write demo scripts which
|
|
|
operate exactly as if you had typed them interactively. The default Demo
|
|
|
class requires the input to be valid, pure Python code.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def run_cell(self,source):
|
|
|
"""Execute a string with one or more lines of code"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.shell.run_cell(source)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class LineDemo(Demo):
|
|
|
"""Demo where each line is executed as a separate block.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The input script should be valid Python code.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This class doesn't require any markup at all, and it's meant for simple
|
|
|
scripts (with no nesting or any kind of indentation) which consist of
|
|
|
multiple lines of input to be executed, one at a time, as if they had been
|
|
|
typed in the interactive prompt.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: the input can not have *any* indentation, which means that only
|
|
|
single-lines of input are accepted, not even function definitions are
|
|
|
valid."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def reload(self):
|
|
|
"""Reload source from disk and initialize state."""
|
|
|
# read data and parse into blocks
|
|
|
self.fload()
|
|
|
lines = self.fobj.readlines()
|
|
|
src_b = [l for l in lines if l.strip()]
|
|
|
nblocks = len(src_b)
|
|
|
self.src = ''.join(lines)
|
|
|
self._silent = [False]*nblocks
|
|
|
self._auto = [True]*nblocks
|
|
|
self.auto_all = True
|
|
|
self.nblocks = nblocks
|
|
|
self.src_blocks = src_b
|
|
|
|
|
|
# also build syntax-highlighted source
|
|
|
self.src_blocks_colored = list(map(self.highlight,self.src_blocks))
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ensure clean namespace and seek offset
|
|
|
self.reset()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class IPythonLineDemo(IPythonDemo,LineDemo):
|
|
|
"""Variant of the LineDemo class whose input is processed by IPython."""
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ClearMixin(object):
|
|
|
"""Use this mixin to make Demo classes with less visual clutter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Demos using this mixin will clear the screen before every block and use
|
|
|
blank marquees.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that in order for the methods defined here to actually override those
|
|
|
of the classes it's mixed with, it must go /first/ in the inheritance
|
|
|
tree. For example:
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ClearIPDemo(ClearMixin,IPythonDemo): pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
will provide an IPythonDemo class with the mixin's features.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def marquee(self,txt='',width=78,mark='*'):
|
|
|
"""Blank marquee that returns '' no matter what the input."""
|
|
|
return ''
|
|
|
|
|
|
def pre_cmd(self):
|
|
|
"""Method called before executing each block.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This one simply clears the screen."""
|
|
|
from IPython.utils.terminal import _term_clear
|
|
|
_term_clear()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ClearDemo(ClearMixin,Demo):
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ClearIPDemo(ClearMixin,IPythonDemo):
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def slide(file_path, noclear=False, format_rst=True, formatter="terminal",
|
|
|
style="native", auto_all=False, delimiter='...'):
|
|
|
if noclear:
|
|
|
demo_class = Demo
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
demo_class = ClearDemo
|
|
|
demo = demo_class(file_path, format_rst=format_rst, formatter=formatter,
|
|
|
style=style, auto_all=auto_all)
|
|
|
while not demo.finished:
|
|
|
demo()
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
py3compat.input('\n' + delimiter)
|
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
exit(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
|
import argparse
|
|
|
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Run python demos')
|
|
|
parser.add_argument('--noclear', '-C', action='store_true',
|
|
|
help='Do not clear terminal on each slide')
|
|
|
parser.add_argument('--rst', '-r', action='store_true',
|
|
|
help='Highlight comments and dostrings as rst')
|
|
|
parser.add_argument('--formatter', '-f', default='terminal',
|
|
|
help='pygments formatter name could be: terminal, '
|
|
|
'terminal256, terminal16m')
|
|
|
parser.add_argument('--style', '-s', default='default',
|
|
|
help='pygments style name')
|
|
|
parser.add_argument('--auto', '-a', action='store_true',
|
|
|
help='Run all blocks automatically without'
|
|
|
'confirmation')
|
|
|
parser.add_argument('--delimiter', '-d', default='...',
|
|
|
help='slides delimiter added after each slide run')
|
|
|
parser.add_argument('file', nargs=1,
|
|
|
help='python demo file')
|
|
|
args = parser.parse_args()
|
|
|
slide(args.file[0], noclear=args.noclear, format_rst=args.rst,
|
|
|
formatter=args.formatter, style=args.style, auto_all=args.auto,
|
|
|
delimiter=args.delimiter)
|
|
|
|
