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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""Modified input prompt for executing files.
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We define a special input line filter to allow typing lines which begin with
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'~', '/' or '.'. If one of those strings is encountered, it is automatically
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executed.
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$Id: InterpreterExec.py 573 2005-04-08 08:38:09Z fperez $"""
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#*****************************************************************************
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# Copyright (C) 2004 W.J. van der Laan <gnufnork@hetdigitalegat.nl>
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# Copyright (C) 2004 Fernando Perez <fperez@colorado.edu>
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
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# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
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#*****************************************************************************
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from IPython import Release
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__author__ = 'W.J. van der Laan <gnufnork@hetdigitalegat.nl>, '\
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'%s <%s>' % Release.authors['Fernando']
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__license__ = Release.license
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def prefilter_shell(self,line,continuation):
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"""Alternate prefilter, modified for shell-like functionality.
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- Execute all lines beginning with '~', '/' or '.'
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- $var=cmd <=> %sc var=cmd
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- $$var=cmd <=> %sc -l var=cmd
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"""
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if line:
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l0 = line[0]
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if l0 in '~/.':
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return self._prefilter("!%s"%line,continuation)
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elif l0=='$':
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lrest = line[1:]
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if lrest.startswith('$'):
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# $$var=cmd <=> %sc -l var=cmd
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return self._prefilter("%ssc -l %s" % (self.ESC_MAGIC,lrest[1:]),
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continuation)
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else:
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# $var=cmd <=> %sc var=cmd
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return self._prefilter("%ssc %s" % (self.ESC_MAGIC,lrest),
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continuation)
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else:
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return self._prefilter(line,continuation)
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else:
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return self._prefilter(line,continuation)
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# Rebind this to be the new IPython prefilter:
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from IPython.iplib import InteractiveShell
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InteractiveShell.prefilter = prefilter_shell
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# Clean up the namespace.
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del InteractiveShell,prefilter_shell
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# Provide pysh and further shell-oriented services
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import os,sys,shutil
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from IPython.genutils import system,shell,getoutput,getoutputerror
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# Short aliases for getting shell output as a string and a list
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sout = getoutput
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lout = lambda cmd: getoutput(cmd,split=1)
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# Empty function, meant as a docstring holder so help(pysh) works.
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def pysh():
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"""Pysh is a set of modules and extensions to IPython which make shell-like
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usage with Python syntax more convenient. Keep in mind that pysh is NOT a
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full-blown shell, so don't try to make it your /etc/passwd entry!
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In particular, it has no job control, so if you type Ctrl-Z (under Unix),
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you'll suspend pysh itself, not the process you just started.
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Since pysh is really nothing but a customized IPython, you should
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familiarize yourself with IPython's features. This brief help mainly
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documents areas in which pysh differs from the normal IPython.
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ALIASES
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-------
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All of your $PATH has been loaded as IPython aliases, so you should be
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able to type any normal system command and have it executed. See %alias?
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and %unalias? for details on the alias facilities.
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SPECIAL SYNTAX
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--------------
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Any lines which begin with '~', '/' and '.' will be executed as shell
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commands instead of as Python code. The special escapes below are also
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recognized. !cmd is valid in single or multi-line input, all others are
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only valid in single-line input:
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!cmd - pass 'cmd' directly to the shell
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!!cmd - execute 'cmd' and return output as a list (split on '\\n')
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$var=cmd - capture output of cmd into var, as a string
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$$var=cmd - capture output of cmd into var, as a list (split on '\\n')
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The $/$$ syntaxes make Python variables from system output, which you can
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later use for further scripting. The converse is also possible: when
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executing an alias or calling to the system via !/!!, you can expand any
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python variable or expression by prepending it with $. Full details of
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the allowed syntax can be found in Python's PEP 215.
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A few brief examples will illustrate these:
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fperez[~/test]|3> !ls *s.py
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scopes.py strings.py
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ls is an internal alias, so there's no need to use !:
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fperez[~/test]|4> ls *s.py
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scopes.py* strings.py
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!!ls will return the output into a Python variable:
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fperez[~/test]|5> !!ls *s.py
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<5> ['scopes.py', 'strings.py']
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fperez[~/test]|6> print _5
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['scopes.py', 'strings.py']
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$ and $$ allow direct capture to named variables:
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fperez[~/test]|7> $astr = ls *s.py
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fperez[~/test]|8> astr
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<8> 'scopes.py\\nstrings.py'
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fperez[~/test]|9> $$alist = ls *s.py
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fperez[~/test]|10> alist
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<10> ['scopes.py', 'strings.py']
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alist is now a normal python list you can loop over. Using $ will expand
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back the python values when alias calls are made:
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fperez[~/test]|11> for f in alist:
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|..> print 'file',f,
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|..> wc -l $f
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|..>
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file scopes.py 13 scopes.py
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file strings.py 4 strings.py
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Note that you may need to protect your variables with braces if you want
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to append strings to their names. To copy all files in alist to .bak
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extensions, you must use:
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fperez[~/test]|12> for f in alist:
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|..> cp $f ${f}.bak
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If you try using $f.bak, you'll get an AttributeError exception saying
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that your string object doesn't have a .bak attribute. This is because
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the $ expansion mechanism allows you to expand full Python expressions:
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fperez[~/test]|13> echo "sys.platform is: $sys.platform"
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sys.platform is: linux2
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IPython's input history handling is still active, which allows you to
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rerun a single block of multi-line input by simply using exec:
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fperez[~/test]|14> $$alist = ls *.eps
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fperez[~/test]|15> exec _i11
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file image2.eps 921 image2.eps
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file image.eps 921 image.eps
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While these are new special-case syntaxes, they are designed to allow very
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efficient use of the shell with minimal typing. At an interactive shell
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prompt, conciseness of expression wins over readability.
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USEFUL FUNCTIONS AND MODULES
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----------------------------
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The os, sys and shutil modules from the Python standard library are
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automatically loaded. Some additional functions, useful for shell usage,
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are listed below. You can request more help about them with '?'.
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shell - execute a command in the underlying system shell
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system - like shell(), but return the exit status of the command
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sout - capture the output of a command as a string
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lout - capture the output of a command as a list (split on '\\n')
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getoutputerror - capture (output,error) of a shell command
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sout/lout are the functional equivalents of $/$$. They are provided to
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allow you to capture system output in the middle of true python code,
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function definitions, etc (where $ and $$ are invalid).
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DIRECTORY MANAGEMENT
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--------------------
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Since each command passed by pysh to the underlying system is executed in
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a subshell which exits immediately, you can NOT use !cd to navigate the
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filesystem.
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Pysh provides its own builtin '%cd' magic command to move in the
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filesystem (the % is not required with automagic on). It also maintains a
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list of visited directories (use %dhist to see it) and allows direct
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switching to any of them. Type 'cd?' for more details.
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%pushd, %popd and %dirs are provided for directory stack handling.
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PROMPT CUSTOMIZATION
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--------------------
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The supplied ipythonrc-pysh profile comes with an example of a very
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colored and detailed prompt, mainly to serve as an illustration. The
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valid escape sequences, besides color names, are:
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\\# - Prompt number.
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\\D - Dots, as many as there are digits in \\# (so they align).
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\\w - Current working directory (cwd).
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\\W - Basename of current working directory.
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\\XN - Where N=0..5. N terms of the cwd, with $HOME written as ~.
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\\YN - Where N=0..5. Like XN, but if ~ is term N+1 it's also shown.
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\\u - Username.
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\\H - Full hostname.
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\\h - Hostname up to first '.'
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\\$ - Root symbol ($ or #).
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\\t - Current time, in H:M:S format.
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\\v - IPython release version.
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\\n - Newline.
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\\r - Carriage return.
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\\\\ - An explicitly escaped '\\'.
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You can configure your prompt colors using any ANSI color escape. Each
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color escape sets the color for any subsequent text, until another escape
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comes in and changes things. The valid color escapes are:
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\\C_Black
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\\C_Blue
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\\C_Brown
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\\C_Cyan
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\\C_DarkGray
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\\C_Green
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\\C_LightBlue
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\\C_LightCyan
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\\C_LightGray
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\\C_LightGreen
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\\C_LightPurple
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\\C_LightRed
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\\C_Purple
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\\C_Red
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\\C_White
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\\C_Yellow
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\\C_Normal - Stop coloring, defaults to your terminal settings.
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"""
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pass
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# Configure a few things. Much of this is fairly hackish, since IPython
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# doesn't really expose a clean API for it. Be careful if you start making
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# many modifications here.
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print """\
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Welcome to pysh, a set of extensions to IPython for shell usage.
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help(pysh) -> help on the installed shell extensions and syntax.
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"""
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# Set the 'cd' command to quiet mode, a more shell-like behavior
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__IPYTHON__.default_option('cd','-q')
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# Load all of $PATH as aliases
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if os.name == 'posix':
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# %rehash is very fast, but it doesn't check for executability, it simply
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# dumps everything in $PATH as an alias. Use rehashx if you want more
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# checks.
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__IPYTHON__.magic_rehash()
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else:
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# Windows users: the list of extensions considered executable is read from
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# the environment variable 'pathext'. If this is undefined, IPython
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# defaults to EXE, COM and BAT.
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# %rehashx is the one which does extension analysis, at the cost of
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# being much slower than %rehash.
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__IPYTHON__.magic_rehashx()
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# Remove %sc,%sx if present as aliases
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__IPYTHON__.magic_unalias('sc')
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__IPYTHON__.magic_unalias('sx')
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# We need different criteria for line-splitting, so that aliases such as
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# 'gnome-terminal' are interpreted as a single alias instead of variable
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# 'gnome' minus variable 'terminal'.
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import re
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__IPYTHON__.line_split = re.compile(r'^(\s*)([\?\w\.\-\+]+\w*\s*)(\(?.*$)')
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# Namespace cleanup
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del re
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